十三、并列复合句
1、基本概念：
并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。
2、常见的并列句：
(1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等,and所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。
(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。
(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。
(4) 说明原因, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。
(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。
十四、主从复合句
1、概念：
主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。) / Hurry up, or (else) you'll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。) / However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。)
2、分类：
从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。（参见以下各条）
3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法：
(1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。
例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever.
(2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
①基本形式：（主句＋）连词+从句主语+从句谓语+...
②关于宾语从句连词的选择：
若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略;
若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether;
若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等)
例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? )
③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时；如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。)
④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：
be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。)
(3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。
时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while,
whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。如：When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I won’t leave until Mum comes back. (妈妈回来了我才会走。)
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever等引导。如：Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去！) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。)
原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。)
目的状语从句通常由so that..., so...hat..., in order that... 等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身更早为的是赶上第一班车。)
结果状语从句通常由so that..., so...that... 等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。)
比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I don’t have as many books as you (do). (我书没有你多)
让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引导。如：Even if you pay the debt(债务) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。)
条件状语从句通常由if, unless, as long as等引导,条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。You will certainly fail in the coming final exams unless you work much harder. (即将来到的期末考试你肯定考不及格,除非你更用功。) / If it doesn’ t rain tomorrow, we shall go hiking. (如果明天不下雨我们就要去徒步旅行。)
[注意] 1、because与so；(al)though与but；if与so不可以同在一个句子中成对出现。
2、时间、条件、原因,让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。
(4) 定语从句：在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
①定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。如：The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。)
②语法术语的改变：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,其中that、which、who称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词。
③关系代词或关系副词的作用：
关系代词who、whom 和whose指人,分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which指物that 多指物, 有时也指人,它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days. (这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。) / Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in. (请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间。)
关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。) / I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。)
④限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,这种从句是一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不致于影响主句的意思。如：She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of. (她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书,我们一个人都没有听说过那本书。)
[注解]
1、关系代词只能用that的情况：当先行词是指事物的不定代词(all, anything等),或先行词部
分含有最高级,或含有序数词时,不能用其他的关系代词,只能用that. 如：All that Lily told me seems untrue. (Lily告诉我的话似乎不真实。) / Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? (能不能给我点里面没有糖的东西？) / This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. (这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。)
2、关系代词在从句中作主语时一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。如：Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner? (你认识那个在角落里哭泣的女人吗？) / Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me. (跟我无关的话,请一个字也不要说。)
3、关系代词作从句的宾语时,常用which或whom,较少使用that或who,而且,关系代词常常省略。如：Tom’s father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to. (Tom的父亲是我们老师第一个谈话的人。)
4、当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,必须用which或whom,而当介词移到句尾时,则又可以使用that或who. 如：This is the room in which Miss Li once lived. (= This is the room Miss Li once lived in.) (这是李小姐曾经居住过的房间。)
(5) 主语从句：在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。位于谓语动词之前。通常由that,whether以及疑问连词引导。一般情况下,常用it替代主语从句,而将主语从句移到句尾。如：When we should start is still a question. (我们该在什么时候开始还是个问题呢。)
十六、倒装句：谓语的一部分或者全部放在主语之前的句子称为倒装句。
1、THERE BE句型以及以here、there开头的句子。如：There are a lot of children in the showroom. (在展览室里有许多的小孩。)/ Here comes the bus. / There goes the bell. (铃响了。) / The door opened and in came Mr Lee. (,李先生走了进来。)
2 + 助动词+
情况相同。如：Tom went to the beach last week, and, so did I. (Tom上个星期去了海滩,我也是。)/ Li Mei’s bought nothing from the shop. Neither has Jim. (李梅没有在店里买什么,Jim 也没有买。)
3、在疑问句中,通常使用在主语之前安放助动词的倒装方法,对主语提问除外。如：How did he find the lost book?(他是怎么样找到丢失的书的？)/ Where are they going to spend summer vacation? (他们打算到哪儿过暑假？)
4、感叹句中通常将被感叹的部分前移,而将句子的主谓语整体后置。如：What a beautiful flower (it is)! (那是多漂亮的花！)
5、有引号引用某人的原话时,引号外面的主谓一般采用倒装形式放在句尾,但是,若主语是代词则不倒装。如：“What on earth are you doing up there?”said the father. (父亲说：“你在上边到底干什么？”) / “”he said. (他说：“你在上边到底干什么？”)
十七、附加注释
die、dead、death的用法：die是动词,可以独立做谓语,有各种时态变化,也可以变成非谓语形式作句子的其他成分；dead是形容词,作句子的定语、表语或宾语补足语；death是名词,作句子的主语、宾语等。如：I’m going to die! (我要死了！) / The man has been dead for about three months. (那个人死了三个月左右。) / He is worried to death. (他急得要死。)
初中英语语法专项练习十一——定语从句
1. Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure.
A. which
B. what
C. as
D. those
2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. the one
3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. the one
4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. the one
5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. in that
6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.
A. at which
B. on that
C. in which
D. of what
7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..
A. how you have observed
B. what you have observed
C. that you have observed
D. how that you have observed
8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.
A. because
B. why
C. that
D. whether
9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.
A. all which
B. that
C. all that
D. which
10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.
A. whose
B. of which
C. in which
D. on which
11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. what
12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.
A. which
B. it
C. that
D. what
13. We’re talking about the p iano and the pianist _______ were in the concert we attended last night.
A. which
B. whom
C. who
D. that
14. The girl ________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.
A. who is singing
B. is singing
C. sang
D. was singing
15. Those _______ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
A. learn
B. who
C. that learns
D. who learn
初中英语语法专项练习十三——状语从句
并列句专练
Ⅰ. 从方框中选择适当的词完成句子。
1. They are happy _______ they deserved their happiness.
2. Hurry _______ you will miss the plane.
3. I like chocolate, _______ it is bad for teeth.
4 I wanted to know the answer, _______ I went to ask him.
5. He had a drink, _______ went to bed.
Ⅱ. 选择填空：
( )1. Be careful, _________ you will fall off the bike.
A. but
B. and
C. so
D. or
( )2. Edison said, “Never give up, _________ you'll make it.”
A. yet
B. or
C. and
D. but
( )3. Lucy and Lily are twins. Lucy likes playing table tennis, _________ Lil y doesn't.
A. or
B. but
C. and
D. yet
( )4. Mr. Green knows little German, _________ he can't understand the instru ctions on the bottle of the pills.
A. but
B. so
C. for
D. or
( )5. My aunt doesn't have much money, _________ she always enjoys himself.
A. but
B. and
C. or
D. so
( )6. Which is nearer to us, the sun _______ the moon?
A.but
B. and
C. or
D. so
( )7. I can’t understand this passage _______ there are no new words in it. A. if B. because C. though D. an
( )8. The computer cost me too much, _______ it’s really useful.
A. so
B. but
C. and
D. or
( )9. There is air _______ water on the moon.
A. and
B. or
C. so
D. yet
状语从句专练
Ⅰ.选择填空：
1. The man can’t get on the bus because there ________ no room on it.
A. was
B. is
C. are
D. were
2. I was listening to the music ________ there was a knock at the door.
A. while
B. when
C. because
D. until
3. You may leave the classroom when you ________ writing.
A. will finish
B. are finishing
C. have finished
D. had finished
4. I don’t know if he ________ tomorrow, if he _________ ,I’ll meet him.
A. will come, comes
B. comes, comes
C. will come, will come
D. come, will come
5. ________ I read, the more I understand.
A. The more
B. So much
C. How much
D. For all
6. Would you give Johnny this letter if you ________ to see him this week.
A. will happen
B. happen
C. are happened
D. happened
7. She was busy, ________ she couldn’t go to your birthday party last night.
A. and
B. so
C. or
D. but
8. English is ________ a useful language ________ it is spoken in many countri es of the world.
A. so…that
B. such…that
C. so…because
D. such…because
9. You will not succeeded if you ________ harder.
A. will work
B. won’t work
C. work
D. don’t work
10.Write clearly ________ your teacher can understand you correctly.
A. since
B. for
C. because
D. so that
Ⅱ.用动词的适当形式填空：
1. It ________ (be) nearly two years since we went to the party last.
2. He is hungry, because he ________ (not have ) his breakfast yet.
3. When Tom’s mother came home, little Tom _______ (cry) loudly.
4. I ________ (not know) it until you ________ (tell) me.
5. They started as soon as they ______ (receive)my telephone.
Ⅲ.把下列句子改成带有状语从句的复合句：
1． He didn’t come. He was ill. (because)
2． He is too young to join the army. (so……that)
3． He studies English hard. He is over seventy. (though)
4． We will stay at home. It rains. (if)
Ⅳ．完成下列句子：
1. He didn’t see the film yesterday ________________________________ (因为他忙
于复习功课).
2. She has done a lot of good deeds _______________________________ (自从她入
团以来).
3. The little girl stopped crying __________________________ (一看见她母亲).
4. The film is interesting _______________________ (以致每个人都想再看一遍).
5. When I came into the room, _________________________ (我父亲正在看书).
初中英语语法专项练习十四——虚拟语气
1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______.
A.breaks
B.has broken
C.were broken
D.had been broken
2. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother.
A.has come
B.did come
C.came
D.had come
3. —If he ___________, he ________that food.
—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A.was warned; would not take
B.had been warned; would not have taken
C.would be warned; had not taken
D.would have been warned; had not taken
4. If there were no subjunctive, English ______ much easier.
A.will be
B.would have been
C.could have been
D.would be
5. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules.
A.obeys
B.obey
C.will obey
D.would obey
6. I wish I _____ you yesterday.
A.seen
B.did see
C.had seen
D.were to see
7. —— If he _____ , he _____ that food.
—— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A.was warned;would not take
B.had been warned;would not have taken
C.wuld be warned;had not taken
D.would have been warned;had not taken
8. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.
A.is
B.will be
C.would have been
D.would be
D。
9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it _____.
A.breaks
B.has broken
C.were broken
D.had been broken
10. I didn he _____ , he would have said hello to me.
A.would come
B.had come
C.came
D.did come
11. _____ it _____ for your help, I couldn have made any progress.
A.Had;not been
B.Should;not be
C.Did;not be
D.Not;be
解析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选A，Had it not been fo r your help＝If it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）
12. Mr Smith was badly ill, or he _____ our dinner party.
A.should come to
B.would have attended
C.would come to
D.should have attended
解析：or可引导含蓄条件句，表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容，可知是与过去事实相反的假设，故答案为B。
练习：
一．用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1.The boy isn’t hungry. If he ______ (be) hungry, he ______ (eat) the cake.
2.He’s been away since last Sunday. If he ______ (be) here yesterday, he _____ _ (attend) the concert.
3.I couldn’t keep away after twelve. If I ______ (work) all night, I ______ (f inish) it in time.
4.We didn’t know her address. If we ______ (know) it, we ______ (send) a note to her.
5.You’re late. If you ______ (come) a few minutes earlier, you ______ (meet) t he famous woman scientist.
二．单项选择
1.If I ________ your book, I’ll give it to you.
A. will find
B. have found
C. find
D. finds
2. If I found your book, I ______ give it to you.
A. will
B. had
C. /
D. would
3. If he _______ the exam, he would fail it.
A. would take
B. took
C. will take
D. takes
4. What would you do if you ______ your passport in a foreign country.
A. will lose
B. lost
C. losses
D. would lose
5. If I invited Bill to the party, I _____ invite Linda too.
A. would have to
B. would
C. will have to
D. will must
初中英初中英语语法专项练习十五——倒装句
1). , the most interesting to Tom is collecting antique coins(古币)。
A.All the hobbies
B.The hobbies
C. Of all the hobbies
D. It is the hobbies
2）. “You got to know her here, didn't you?”
“No, It was I came to know her.”
A. in the university
B. in the university that
C. in the university where
D. the university where
3). “Did all the students in the class pass the exam?”“No, only the top five students who did.”
A. there is
B. it were
C. there was
D. it was
4). It wasn't unitil Lao Wang criticized him .
A. where he became aware of his mistake
B. when his mistake became obvious
C. that did he realize his mistake
D. that he became aware of his mistake
5). you want me to do?
A. What is this
B. What is it
C. Is it that
D. Is this that
6). It was we decided to return home earlier than planned.
A. because cheap accommodation was hard to get
B. because cheap accommodation was hard to get which
C. cheap accommodation was hard to get so
D. cheap accommodation was hard to get that
7). is how we're going to pay for all this.
A. That worries me
B. Which worries me
C. It worries me
D. What worries me
8). Money, , has been the least of our worries.
A. important though it is
B. so important it is
C. important if it is C. it is important though
9). do such a thing.
A. Under no circumstances(环境、情况) I will
B. Under all circumstances I will
B. Under no circumstances will I
C. Under all circumstances will I
10). Not until everyone is seated .
A. the lesson will begin
B.when the lesson will begin
C. that the lesson will begin
D. will the lesson begin
初中英语语法专项练习十六——独立主格
1．Ford tried dividing the labor，each worker _________ a separate task．A．assigning B．assigned C．was assigned D．would be assigned
2．The lecture_________，he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker．
A．began B．beginning C．having begun D．being beginning
3．Such _________ the case ，there are no grounds to justify your complaints．A．being B．is C．was D．to be
4．Darkness _________ in，the young people lingered on merrymaking．
A．set B．setting C．has set D．was set
5．With all factors_________，we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal．
A．being considered B．considering C．considered D．are considered
6．A new technique_________，the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent．
A．to have been worked out B．having worked out C．working out D．having been worked out
7．On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still，ears_________，alert，listening．
A．pointed B．pointing C．are pointed D．are pointing
8．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office ，but our work _________，we declined the offer．
A．not being finished B．not having finished C．had not been finished D．was not finished
9．There are various kinds of metals ，each _________ its own properties．A．has B．had C．to have D．having
10．The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports，each _________ one major point in contrast with the other．
A．makes B．made C．is to make D．making
其他重点语法
一．延续动词与非延续动词的转换练习题
leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have,begin/start --- be on,die --- be dead, finish --- be over,join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open,fall ill ---be ill,get up---be up,catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there,become --- be,come b ack --- be back,fall asleep --- be asleep,get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in),lea ve --- be away from,get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out，put on→ wear；catch a cold →have a cold等例:The old man died 4 years ago.----The old man ha s been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died.----Four ye ars has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----H e has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.
练习：
1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left
B. had left
C. has been away
D. had been away
2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined
B. have joined
C. have been in
3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A . has been openB. has openedC. was open D. opened
4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made
B. have been
C. made
D. have become
5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back.
A. be away
B. leave
C. be left
6.The meeting_______ for a week now.
A. has finished
B. has ended
C. has been over
7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in
B. has come to
C. has taught
8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been
B. has become
C. was
D. became
9. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned
B. have been back
C. returned
10. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died
B. has, died
C. has, been dead
Key:
1---5 D C A B B;6---10 C A A B C; 11---15 B C C C B; 16---20 C A C D D
动词时态
II．用所给词的适当形式填空：
1 They ________ (visit) the museum last week.
2. Zhang Hong ________ (make) many friends since she came to Paris.
3. She ________ (go)to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening.
4. John is always busy. He ________ (sleep) only six hours very night.
5. Stay here; boy; don't go out. It ________ (rain) now.
6. She often ________ (do) her lessons after supper.
7. Hurry up! The train ________ (leave) in five minutes.
8. They ________ (arrive) in London on the night of April 30, 1989.
9. While we ________ (talk) in the room, the light suddenly went out
10. They ________ (learn) about 200 English words since this term.
11. The meeting ________ already ________ (start) when we got there.
12. He ________ (work) hard at English every day.
13. Put on your coat. The wind ________ (blow) hard outside now.
14. I ________ (not finish) my homework yet.
15. He ________ (must send) to the hospital at once.
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间 接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如： He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：
中考英语语法总结 一、祈使句结构 1 祈使句结构 祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。 1）祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。 Take this seat. Do be careful. 否定结构： Don't move. Don't be late. 2）第二种祈使句以let开头。 Let 的反意疑问句 a. Let's 包括说话者 Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we = Shall we have another try b. Let us 不包括说话者 Let us have another try，will you / won't you = Will you please let us have another try
否定结构： Let's not talk of that matter. Let us not talk of that matter. 二、感叹句结构 感叹句结构 感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。 what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种： 掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。 How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序 How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序 What +名词+ 陈述语序 What+a+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序 What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序 What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序 How clever a boy he is! How lovely the baby is! What noise they are making! What a clever boy he is!
1. 时间状语从句 1.连词：when, as, while, before, after, since,till, until, as soon as。 2.主将从现，主情从现，主祈从先现 3. till或until “一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。 not…until “直到……才……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。 2. 条件状语从句 1.if，unless除非，如果不(=if…not) 2.在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来（即主将从现）。 3. 原因状语从句 1.because，since， as引导。 2.Because和so不能出现在一个句子里。 4. 结果状语从句 1.so…that, such…that, so that引导。 2.So+adj+that, such+n+that 5. 目的状语从句 1.so that, in order that引导。 6. 让步状语从句 1.让步状语从句通常由although，though，even if , even though引导 Although和but不能出现在同一个句子里。 2. --- Li Lin, is it OK for you to go to your grandpa's house alone? --- No problem. I you as soon as I there. A. call; get B. call; will get C. will call; get D. will call; will get 3. The ice cream is delicious I want to eat a second one. A. too; to B. such; that C. so; that D. very; that 4. The teacher speaks very loudly all the students can hear her. A. so that B. because C. since D. In order to 6. Father won't allow me to play outside I wash up the dishes. A. if not B. if C. unless D. because 5. Jerry realize the importance of English he found a job. A. won't; before B. didn't; until C. will; before D. did; until 2. You must hand in your paper as soon as you it. A. will finish B. finishes C. finish D. finished
九年级上册英语复习资料 九年级英语Unit1 1. by + doing 通过……方式如：by studying with a group by 还可以表示：“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、”“经 过”、“乘车”等 2.talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 talk to sb. =talk with sb. 与某人说话 3. 提建议的句子： ①What/ how about +doing sth.? ②Why don’t you + do sth.? ③Why not + do sth. ? ④Let’s + do sth. ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 4. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth So…to 如此…以至于 not …at all 一点也不根本不 5. be / get excited about sth.= be / get excited about doing sth. =be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 6 first of all 首先 to begin with 一开始 later on 后来、随 also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末
make mistakes 犯错 make up 组成、构成 7. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… enjoy oneself 过得愉快 8. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式…其中之一 9. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事… 句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English 10. deal with =do with 处理 11.see sb. / sth. do 看见某人（经常）做某事 see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事强调正在发生12.too many 许多修饰可数名词 too much 许多修饰不可数名词 much too 太修饰形容词 13 .compare … to …把…与…相比 九年级英语Unit2 1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 否定形式：didn’t use to do sth. / used not to do sth. 2.反意疑问句 ①肯定陈述句＋否定提问②否定陈述句＋肯定提问 ④陈述句中含有否定意义的词，如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly,nobody等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。
初中英语语法综合练习题 1、The boy likes questions. A．ask B．an swer C．to ask 2、We'll try there on time. A．to get B．getting C．got 3、They hoped their mother soon. A．to see B．saw C．seeing 4、I'm glad you again. A．meet B．met C．to meet 5、He often helps me my bike. A．mending B．to mend C．to mended 6、I heard Alice in the next door. A．sings B．sang C．sing
7、The work is easy. Let him it by himself. A．do B．to do C．doing 8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A．came B．coming C．come 9、Does Jack want a writer? A．be B ．is C．to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A．worked B．working C．work 11、It's time home. A．to go B．went C．going 12、Tom is kind. He would like you. A．to help B．help C．helped 13、Don't forget your books to school.
1 . (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen 从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 to 、look at ( 感官动词)+（sb. ）+do sth. eg : I am/ feel confident of myspoken English. eg:I like watching monkeys jump. I feel that I can pass the test . 2 . （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样18. be + doing 表：1现在进行时2将来时 eg:the more the more 越来越多19 . be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够?? 3. a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）eg : She is able to sing .= She can sing. 4 . agree with sb赞成某人20. be able to do sth. 能够干什么 5 . all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样e g :she is able to sing . 6 . all over the world = the whole world 整个21. be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕??世界eg : I'm afraed to go out at night . 7. along with 同??一道，伴随??I'm afraid of dog. eg : I will go along with you. 我将和你一起去22. be allowed to do 被允许做什么 The students planted trees along with their eg: I'm allowed to watch TV. 我被允许看电视teachers. 学生同老师们一起种树I should be allowed to watch TV. 我应该被允 8. as soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 许看电视 9 . as you can see 你是知道的(正如你所见)23. be angry with sb 生某人的气 10 . ask for ??求助向?要?（直接接想要的东e g : Don't be angry with me. 西）24. be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 12. ask sb to do sth询问某人某事 为什么而生某人的气 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事25. be as ?原级?as 和什么一样 13 . at the age of 在??岁时eg : She is as tall as me. 她和我一样高 eg ：I amsixteen. = I am at the age of sixteen . 26. be ashamed to 14. at the beginning of ????的起初；??27. be away from远离 的开始28. be away from 从??离开 15. at the end of + 地点/+时间最后；尽头；末29. be bad for对什么有害 尾eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eg : At the end of the day eyes. 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 16. at this time of year 在每年的这个时候30. be born 出生于 17. be /feel confident of sth /that clause + 31. be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事
九年级英语必考语法知识点整理 九年级英语必考语法知识点整理 一. 宾语从句 1. 宾语从句的含义 在整个句子中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。 如：She knew that the teacher had seen the film. 她知道这位老师看过这部电影。 (“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的宾语，同时又是由连接词 that 引导的从句，所以它叫做宾语从句。) 2. 宾语从句的分类 (1)动词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。 例如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。 (2)介词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。 例如：I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。
(3)形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后面的 宾语从句。 例如：I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟 到了。 3. 引导名词性从句的连接词 (1)that：没有含义，在宾语从句中不做成分 (2)whether/if：表示是否，在宾语从句中不做成分。 I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后，他是否还住在 这里。 (3)连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语 从句中做主、宾、表和定语) 连接副词：where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语) The small children don't know what is in their stockings.(what 在宾语从句中做主语) 这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。 Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?(why 在宾语从句中做原因状语) 你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗? 4. 在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点 (1)时态
九年级英语重点语法 Unit 1 1. 动词不定式 (1)做定语—后置 The best way to learn English is reading aloud. The fastest way to travel is by plane (2)与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系 I need a pen to write with. I don’t have a partner to practice English with. I need some paper to write on. I don’t have a room to live in. 2. 动名词 (1)作主语（谓语为第三人称单数） Memorizing the words of pop songs also helps a little.记流行歌曲的词也起作用。Swimming is good for our health. (2)作宾语 在动词(keep\practice\finish \enjoy\hate\be busy\mind) 后只用—ing 作宾语 Eg. We should keep speaking English in class. He often practices singing in the morning. I have finished reading the book. Would you mind opening the door? (3) 作定语I think that doing a lot of listening practice is one of the secrets…… Unit 2 1. used to 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形. 否定形式为: didn’t use to 或use not to / usedn’t to 疑问形式为: Did…use to…? 或Used…to…? Eg. I used to be really quiet. I didn’t use to like tests. Did you use to play the piano? Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t. =Use you to play the piano? Yes, I use. / No, I use not. You used to be short, didn’t you? Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t. 2. wear 表示状态. put on 表示动作. dress + 人给某人穿衣服. 3. on the swim team on 是…的成员,在…供职. 4. Don’t you remember me? 否定疑问句. Yes, I do. 不, 我记得. No, I don’t 是的, 我不记得了. 5. be terrified of 害怕的程度比be afraid of 深. 6. miss: ①思念, 想念例: I really miss the old days. ②错过, 未中, 未赶上, 未找到.
初三英语语法模拟试题 一. 被动语态专项练习： 选择填空。 1. In some countries , tea ______ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _____ in my hometown since 1980. A. have been taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place 3. The new type of car is going to ______ in three years. A. turn out B. be turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned out 4. The woman murdered her friend and ______ to ______. A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die 5. －Do you like the skirt? －It _______ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 6. Are you still here? You were here an hour ago. Who ________ for? A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait 7. _____ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says 8. －I want to sit at the table near the window. －Sorry , ______ already. A. it took B. it takes C. it is taking D. it has been taken
1. by + doing 通过……方式如：by studying with a group by 还可以表示："在…旁","靠近","在…期间"、"用,""经过","乘车"等如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o'clock. The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus. 2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 如：The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话 3. 提建议的句子： ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don't you + do sth.? 如：Why don't you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? ④Let's + do sth. 如：Let's go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 4. a lot 许多常用于句末如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。 5. too…to 太…而不能常用的句型too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如：I'm too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。 6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。 ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级 形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 ②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 ③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往 含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。 如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。 7. not …at all 一点也不根本不如： I like milk very much. I don't like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。 not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾 8. be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth. === be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋如： I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=== I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。 9. ①end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事如： The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ②end up with sth. 以…结束如： The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 10. first of all 首先. to begin with 一开始later on 后来、随 11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也(用于肯定句) 常在句末 12. make mistakes 犯错如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与Which...? 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：
初中生重点英语语法归纳总结 将初中英语语法内容都归纳在下文了，希望对你有帮助。 初中生重点英语语法归纳名词：所有事物的名称1，名词的种类：专有名词：首字母大写(山脉，河流，国家等)China普通名词：首字母不大写(普通的事物的名称)desk ，pen2，名词的数：可数名词：可以数的名词(有单复数)ruler，pen，pencil不可数名词：不可以数的名词(没有单复数)bread，meat，water，可数名词变化规则1，一般加s，例如：pen---pens2，以s，sh，ch，x结尾加es，例如：bus—buses，brush—brushes，watch—watches，box—boxes3，以辅音字母加y结尾，去掉y为I 加es 例如：baby---babies4，以f，fe 结尾，去掉f，fe 加ves life---lives，leaf---leaves5，以有生命的o 结尾加es 例如：hero---heroes，tomato---tomatoes，potato---potatoes，mango---mangoes6，复合名词遇见man，woman两个词时，两个名词都要加复数A man teacher---two men teachers不规则的变化Is，am----are，his，her，its----their，does---do，has---have，his，hers，its---theirs，Isn’t ---aren’t ，I ---we，you---you，me---us，he，she，it---they，him，her，it---them，Your---your，yours---yours，my---our，mine---ours，that---those，this---these，fish—fish，sheep---sheep，deer---deer，Chinese---Chinese，Japanese---Japanese，man---men，woman—women，tooth---teeth，foot---feet，mouse---mice单数句变成复数句This is my book--- These are our books不可数名词的量化A cup of 一杯。
九年级英语各单元知识点总结 Unit 1 I、重点词汇： 1.pronounce—pronunciation 2. differently—different—difference 3. slowly—slow 4. soft—hard 5.easy—easily 6.learn—learner II、重点短语： 1.lisen to tapes 听录音 2. ask the teacher for help 向老师请求帮助 3. read aloud 朗读 4. speaking skills 口头表达能力 5.spoken English 英语口语 6. end up 结束 https://www.doczj.com/doc/569025269.html,ter on 以后，随后 8. make mistakes 犯错，出错 https://www.doczj.com/doc/569025269.html,ugh at 嘲笑，取笑 10.take notes 做笔记，做记录 11.look …up （在词典、参考书等中）查阅，查找 12. make up 编造，组成 13.deal / do with 处理，应付 14.be angry with 生……的气 15.go by （指时间）过去，消逝 16.try one’s best to do sth. 尽力做…… 17.break off 突然中止，中断 18. with the help of 在……的帮助下 19.regard…as…把……当做…… 20.be afraid of doing / to do sth 害怕做某事 21. first of all 首先，开始 22. have trouble / a difficult / hard time doing sth. 做某事有困难 III、重点句型： 1.It’s too hard to understand the voices. 理解那些话有困难。 2. How do you study for a test? 你怎么为考试而学习的？ I study by listening to tapes. 我通过听磁带学习。 3. Studying grammar is a great way to learn a language.学语法是学习语言的一个好办法。 4.I was afraid to speak in class. 我害怕在课堂上说话。 5. If you don’t know how to spell new words, look up the dictionary. 6.It’s our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers. 在老师的帮助下，尽我们最大努力对待教育中的每一个挑战是我们的责任。 7.I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 我没有可以一起练习英语的伙伴。
初中英语语法速记口诀大全 很多同学认为语法枯燥难学，其实只要用心并采用适当的学习方法，我们就可以愉快地学会英语，掌握语法规则。笔者根据有关书目和多年教学经验，搜集、组编了以下语法口诀，希望对即将参加中考的同学们有所帮助。 一、冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】 名词是秃子，常要戴帽子， 可数名词单，须用a或an， 辅音前用a，an在元音前， 若为特指时，则须用定冠， 复数不可数，泛指the不见， 碰到代词时，冠词均不现。 【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用；②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the；③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。 二、名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】 单数变复数，规则要记住， 一般加s，特殊有几处： 末尾字母o，大多加s， 两人有两菜，es不离口， 词尾f、fe，s前有v和e； 没有规则词，必须单独记。 【妙语诠释】①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，但如果单词以/t蘩/、/蘩/、/s/发音结尾(也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾)，则一般加es；②以o结尾的单词除了两
人(negro，hero)两菜(tomato，potato) 加es外，其余一般加s；③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s；④英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox—oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth —teeth。 三、名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】 名词所有格，表物是“谁的”， 若为生命词，加“’s”即可行， 词尾有s，仅把逗号择； 并列名词后，各自和共有， 前者分别加，后者最后加； 若为无生命词，of所有格， 前后须倒置，此是硬规则。 【妙语诠释】①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“’”；②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“’s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加“’s”；③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格，这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同，A of B要翻译为B的A。 四、接不定式作宾语的动词 【速记口诀】 三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝； 设法学会做决定，不要假装在选择。 【妙语诠释】三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want，agree，promise 两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse 设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide 不要假装在选择：petend，choose 五、接动名词作宾语的动词
初三英语语法练习题 一、根据所给名词的适当形式填空： 1. There are a lot of ___________ ( leaf ) on the tree. 2. Uncle Li bought two ____________ ( watch ) yesterday. 3. There are many ______________ ( child) in the classroom. 4. We have a lot of nice ____________ ( tomato ) here. 5. There are lots of ____________ ( sheep ) in the hill. 6. There are about eighty __________________( man doctor) in the hospital. 7. I have a lot of ______________ ( information ) to tell you. 8. The baby has two ______________ ( tooth ). 9. There are 13 ____________( Japanese) and 30 ____________( German) here. 二、根据所给的动词的适当形式填空： 1. It took us two hours ______________ ( finish ) the work. 2. I heard someone _______________ (go) upstairs at 12:00 last night. 3. I asked him _______________ ( not make ) much noise there. 4. Why not _____________ ( have ) a drink? It is too hot. 5. Please remember ____________ (turn) off the light before you go to bed. 6. Thank you for _____________ ( help ) me with English. 7. I am interested in ________________ ( play ) soccer. 8. It is time for us _______________ ( play ) baseball. 9. They both take turns ______________ ( look after ) the old man. 10. My uncle often goes _______________ ( shop ) on weekends. 三、用所给的动词以适当的时态形式填空： 1. The teacher told us that the earth _____________ ( go ) around the sun. 2. We won't go to the park if it _____________ ( rain )tomorrow. 3. Mike usually ____________ ( take ) a walk after supper. 4. Jack ___________ ( visit ) her uncle last week. 5. I will tell you as soon as he ____________ ( come back). 6. He often ____________ ( watch ) TV at night. 7. Jenny ______________ ( read ) a book when her mother came home. 8. Look! The children _______________ ( swim ) in the river. 9. My uncle ______________ ( leave ) for Shanghai next week. 10. Mary __ ____________( have ) lunch at noon yesterday. 11. Tom _____________ ( come ) back from Australia in a week. 12. Mom ______________ ( cook ) when the bell rang. 13. The boys ________________ ( play ) football on the playground now. 14. Hurry up, or you _______________ (miss) the train. 15. Listen. Someone ______________ ( knock ) at the door. 16. Be quiet. My father _____________ ( sleep ) in the bedroom. 17. I _____________ ( go ) hiking with my friends last Monday. 18. My mother ___________ ( stay ) at home yesterday. 19. I _____________ ( mend ) my broken bike at 9:30 yesterday morning. 20. I ____________ ( feed) my dogs the day before yesterday.