考研英语阅读中英全文对照版 (4)

UNIT FOURTEXT ONEAs Americas digest the news of another gun atrocity, a mall shooting in Nebraska on December 5th, they cannot be blamed for thinking that guns are in too ready supply. But an article in the latest Economic Journa suggests that the demand for illegal guns, at least, is not met as easily as people might fear. Sudhir Venkatesh, now of Columbia University, has talked to 132 gang-members, 77 prostitutes, 116 gun-owning youths, 23 gun-dealers and numerous other denizens of Chicago's Grand Boulevard and Washington Park neighbourhoods. He did not find many satisfied customers.Chicago has unusually tough restrictions on legal handguns. Even so the black market is surprisingly “thin”, attracting relatively few buyers and sellers. The authors reckon that the 48,000 residents of the two neighbourhoods buy perhaps 1,400 guns a year, compared with at least 200,000 cocaine purchases. Underground brokers sell guns for $150-350, a mark-up of perhaps 200% over the legal price. They also demand a fee of $30-50 for orchestrating the deal. Even then, 30-40% of the transactions fall through because the seller cannot secure a gun, gets cold feet or cannot agree on a location for the deal.Buyers also find it hard to verify the quality of the merchandise. They often know little about the weapons they covet. “Tony”, who owns a .38 calibre handgun, learnt how to use his weapon by fiddling with it. He even put a stone in it. “Did it fire?” Mr Venkatesh asked. “I'm not sure. I think it did,” Tony said.Fortunately for Tony and his peers, their rivals and the victims of crime cannot tell if their guns work any better than they can. Often, showing the “bulge” is enough to gain the respect of rival gangs. In robberies brandishing the weapon will usually do. Storekeepers do not wait for proof that it works.Markets can overcome thinness, the paper says; they can also overcome illegality. But they cannot overcome both. A thin market must rely on advertising or a centralised exchange: eBay, for example, has dedicated pages matching sellers of imitation pearl pins or Annette Funicello bears to the few, scattered buyers that can be found. But such solutions are too cumbersome and conspicuous for an underground market. The drugs market, by contrast, slips through the law's fingers because of the natural density of drug transactions. Dealers can always find customers on their doorstep, and buyers can reassure themselves about suppliers through repeated custom. There are no fixed and formal institutions that the police could easily throttle.Indeed, the authors argue that the gun market may be threadbare partly because the drug market is so plump. Gang-leaders are wary of gun-dealing because the extra police scrutiny that guns attract would jeopardise their earnings from coke and dope. Even Chicago's gang-leaders have to worry about the effect of crime on commerce.1.Some of the gun transactins areunsuccessful mainly because_____[A] it is not profitable as the underground price of gun far exceeds legal price.[B] Chicago has surprisingly tough restrictions on the ownership and business of guns.[C] the dealers are unable to guarntee whether the deal is really going to happen or not.[D] it is hard to testify the quality of the guns in actual situations.pared with the gun market, the drug market can be “fat” mainly because_____[A] it hardly attracts the police’s attention due to the flexibility of the business.[B] the drug dealings are taking place in higher frequency.[C] there are no fixed and formal spots for drug dealing.[D] drug is affordable to a larger number of people. 3. The word “cumbersome” (Line 4, Pargraph 5) most probably means_____[A] transparent.[B] troubling.[C] horrible.[D] stupid.4. The reason why the authors argue that the gun market may be threadbare partly because the drug market is so plump is _____[A] that the drug transaction is more prefitable thatn gun-dealing.[B] that the police are more dedicated to the gun-dealing than to the drug-dealing.[C] that the gang-leaders are suppressing the gun-dealing in order to maintain their profit from drug[D] that the gang-leaders are worried about the effect of crime on commerce.5. Towards the future of gun-dealing, the author’s attitude is _____[A] pessimistic.[B] optimistic.[C] desperate.[D] sorrowful.文章剖析：这篇文章主要介绍了目前美国枪支黑市的情况。

1996 Text3In the last half of the nineteenth century “capital” and “labour” were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrializa tion. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ me eting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the l ives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.19世纪后半叶，“资方”和“劳方”按现代方式不断扩大并各自完善相互对立的组织。

考研英语阅读全文翻译考研英语阅读全文翻译阅读能力的测试包括阅读速度,理解程度以及记忆能力等。

要想获得满意的考研英语成绩,最根本的方法就是提高词汇量,加强阅读训练,下面就是店铺给大家准备的考研英语的阅读真题及全文翻译，欢迎大家阅读参考!Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word 'amateur' does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenthcentury, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.1. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as ________.[A] sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry2. We can infer from the passage that ________.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation andprofessionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones3. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ________.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs4. The direct reason for specialisation is ________.[A] the development in communication [B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge [D] the splitting up of academic societies>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<重点词汇：1.specialisation(专业化)即special+is(e)+ation，special(特别的;额外的)，-ise动词后缀(specialise即v.专业化)，-ation名词后缀;specialist(专家;专科医生)←special+ist后缀表“人”。

★2010年Text1过去的25年，在英文报纸发生的所有变化中，或许最具有深远意义的变化就是这些报纸的文艺报道范围不断缩小，严肃性不断减弱，这是个无法逆转的必然趋势。

对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。

然而，在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺批评集子里，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。

现在，如果读到这些集子，人们肯定会惊诧，当年这般博学多才的精神食粮竟然被认为适合刊载在面向大众发行的报纸版面上。

从20世纪早期到二战以前，报纸纸张极为便宜，由于格调高雅的文艺批评被认为可以装点刊载它的报纸，英国报纸对投来的评论文章来者不拒，对它们涉及什么主题无人在意。

但我们现今的报纸离此已相去更远。

在那些遥远的年代，人们理所当然地认为主流报纸的评论家们都会不遗余力地把他们评论的事实说清楚。

他们写作是严肃的，甚至以文笔轻松风趣著称的George Bernard Shaw和Ernest Newman也知道自己在做什么，这一点足以让人信任。

这些批评家们相信报刊评论是一门职业，并且对于他们的文章能够在报纸上发表感到很自豪。

“鉴于几乎没有作家能拥有足够的思想或足够的文学天赋以保证他们在写批评时能不畏艰难，时刻保持乐观”，Newman曾写道，“我倾向于把‘报刊评论’定义为“被某些作家所使用的一个轻蔑之词。

对真正的作家而言，他们根本就没有学问”。

可令人悲哀的是，这样的批评家们现在却被人们所遗忘。

从1917年开始一直到1975年去世不久前还在为曼彻斯特《卫报》写文章的Neville Cardus，如今仅仅作为一个撰写关于板球比赛文章的作家被人们所知。

然而，在他的一生中，他也是英国首屈一指的古典音乐评论家之一。

他也是一位深受读者青睐的文体家，所以1947年他的《自传》一书就成为热销读物。

1967年他被授予爵士称号，也是第一位获此殊荣的音乐评论家。

然而，他的书现在只有一本可以在市面上买到。

Unit4当经济变化抢占头条时，亚洲人口结构的变化至少同样深刻。

近期一篇由哈佛大学经济学家杰弗里·威廉姆森与联邦储备银行的马修·希金斯合著的文章中指出，这种人口奇迹基本上可能完全解释经济奇迹。

一篇由夏威夷大学的安德鲁·曼森与伯克利加利福尼亚大学的罗纳德·李、蒂莫西·米勒合著的文章支持这一观点。

各方经济学家都在争论，在正确的控制下，人口改变的间接结果能否刺激亚洲经济增长直至下个世纪。

当国家变得富强时，它们都将经历一个“人口过渡”时期，在此期间，发展迅速的医疗条件和高生育率将造成人口迅速的增长。

30年前亚洲大部分国家都是这种情况。

然而最终，生育率迅速下降，人口增速放缓。

这导致了人口结构概况由金字塔形（婴幼儿很多而老人很少）转变为中式灯笼形（最年轻的和最老的人很少而居中的人很多）。

对于经济而言，中年人多是好事。

它意味着大多数人口都处于适合工作的年龄段，并且“抚养比例”很低。

在西方，人口过渡期持续了一个多世纪。

但在东南亚，它只持续了短短一代人。

例如1965年，泰国女性平均拥有6个孩子，而现在只有不到三个。

非常类似的事情也发生在日本，然后是新加坡、中国台湾省、南韩和印尼。

同时，这些国家有着最强劲的经济发展速度。

而这不是巧合。

在威廉姆森早期的著作中，他估计每人每年仅靠人口年龄结构调整这一点，就能提供1.5%的GDP增长。

但并不能仅仅因为高增长率就把这一部分作为区域典型。

经济增长同样受到了高涨的存款和投资的刺激。

而这部分增长是否令人惊喜的受到人口的影响，也是各方经济学家争论的话题。

上世纪70年代早期以前，东南亚的少儿抚养负担处于高峰，那里的存款率很低。

只有等抚养负担率降低时，存款率才升高。

马萨·威廉姆森和希金斯认为，人口同样可以说明那里的本土和外来资本投资模式。

他们认为少儿抚养负担降低后，处于工作年龄段的人能存储收入中更多的部分。

结果是，他们希望亚洲国家能像日本那样，可以由资本进口国转变为资本出口国。

Unite 3 Doctor's Dilemma: Treat or Let Die？Abigail Trafford1。

Medical advances in wonder drugs，daring surgical procedures，radiation therapies，and intensive—care units have brought new life to thousands of people. Yet to many of them, modern medicine has become a double-edged sword。

2。

Doctor’s power to treat with an array of space—age techniques has outstripped the body's capacity to heal. More medical problems can be treated，but for many patients，there is little hope of recovery. Even the fundamental distinction between life and death has been blurred。

3。

Many Americans are caught in medical limbo, as was the South Korean boxer Duk Koo Kim，who was kept alive by artificial means after he had been knocked unconscious in a fight and his brain ceased to function。

With the permission of his family，doctors in Las Vegas disconnected the life-support machines and death quickly followed。

2012年考研英语真题注释+答案解析（中英文对照版）一、完型填空文章大意：[纽约时报20110630]道德、政治与法律————法律相对于政治的独立性，法官所需具备的道德及行为准则。

【内容提要】本文围绕法官的所作所为，讲述了该如何让法院看起来更具合法性：法官要约束自己的行为，使自己的所作所为符合行为道德规范。

The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ maintain its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ when justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that_3_weakened the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.介绍背景，引出话题：最高法院法官的道德判断。

Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_accepted as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_bound by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_subject to the code of conduct that _7_applies to the rest of the federal judiciary.举例，分析原因：法院缺少道德规范的约束。

研究生英语阅读教程（提高级）第三版课文全文参考译文第一课漏油经济：低估风险回想起来，模式似乎很清楚。

早在深水地平线钻机自爆前的很多年，BP 作为一家石油公司为了省钱甘冒安全的风险就已经声名狼藉。

2005 年得克萨斯州炼油厂爆炸中有15 名工人丧生。

联邦监管机构和前国务卿詹姆斯·贝克领导的专门小组认为，削减成本是事故的部分原因。

第二年，阿拉斯加腐蚀的管道将石油漏入普拉德霍湾。

就连乔·巴顿，对全球变暖持怀疑态度，来自得克萨斯州的共和党众议员，都谴责BP 管理人员“对安全和环境问题表现得漠不关心。

”这种冷漠大部分源于对利润的过度追求，不管出现什么情况。

但似乎也还有另一个因素在起作用，一个更普遍的人性的因素。

BP 的管理人员在估计似乎不太可能发生、但一旦发生却会带来巨大损失的事件真正会发生的机会时，犯了一个可怕的错误。

也许理解这一点最简单的方法就是思考一下BP 高管们如今的想法。

显然，考虑到清理费用和对BP 声誉的影响，高管们真希望可以回到过去，多花些钱让深水地平线更安全。

他们没有增加这笔费用就表明他们认为钻机在当时的状态下不会出问题。

尽管针对BP 高管的所有批评可能都是他们应得的，但是他们绝不是唯一艰难应对这种低概率、高成本事件的人。

几乎每个人都会如此。

“这些正是我们人类处理时很难做出合理反应的一类事件。

”哈佛大学环境经济学家罗伯特·斯塔文说。

我们经常犯两种基本且性质相反的错误。

当一件事情是很难想象的，我们往往会低估它的可能性。

这就是众所周知的黑天鹅（稀有之物）。

大多数在深水地平线工作的人可能从未经历过钻井平台爆炸。

因此他们认为这不会发生，至少不会发生在他们身上。

同样，不久以前，伯南克和格林斯潘也喜欢称全国房地产市场没有泡沫，因为以前从未有过泡沫。

华尔街交易员也持同样观点，他们建立的数学模型根本不存在房价下降的可能性。

许多购房者签订了负担不起的抵押贷款，相信一旦其价格上涨，他们可以再融资或卖掉房子。

考研英语阅读真题全⽂翻译考研英语阅读真题全⽂翻译 众所周知,英语⼏乎是所有考⽣最头疼、难度最⼤的科⽬,⽽阅读理解⼜是英语各题型中的重中之中。

下⾯是⼩编给⼤家准备的考研英语阅读的真题及全⽂翻译，欢迎⼤家阅读练习! Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, by babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes one more agent of evolution has gone. There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women has 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today ---everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring---means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes. For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the pass 100,000 years--- even the past 100year ---our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they "look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension." No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us. 5. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph? [A]A lack of mates. [B]A fierce competition. [C]A lower survival rate. [D]A defective gene. 6. What does the example of India illustrate? [A]Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people. [B]Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor. [C]The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes. [D]India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate. 7. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because____ . [A]life has been improved by technological advance [B]the number of female babies has been declining [C]our species has reached the highest stage of evolution [D]the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing 8. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? [A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution [B]Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution [C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature [D]Human Evolution Going Nowhere >>>>>>答案解析<<<<<< 重点词汇： 1.maturity (成熟)←matur(e)+ity，mature(成熟的v.成熟)，-ity名词后缀。

The following text is extracted from Marriages and Families by Nijole V.Benokraitis.下面的文章选自奈杰尔贝诺克瑞提斯的婚姻与家庭。

The book has been used as a textbook for sociology courses and women's studies in a number of universities in the United States.此书在美国的一些大学里被用作社会学和妇女研究等课程的教材，It highlights important contemporary changes in society and the family它强调了在当代社会和家庭中所发生的重要变化，and explores the choices that are available to family members,探索了家庭成员所面临的选择，as well as the constraints that many of us do not recognize.以及我们很多人都还未意识到的种种约束。

It examines the diversity of American families today,该书还审视了当今美国家庭的多样性，using cross-cultural and multicultural comparisons运用跨文化和多元文化的比较，to encourage creative thinking about the many critical issues that confront the family of the twenty-first century.以激发创造性思维来研究21世纪家庭所面临的许多严峻问题。

LOVE AND LOVING RELATIONSHIPS爱和情感连系Nijole V.Benokraitis奈杰尔·贝诺克瑞提斯Love — as both an emotion and a behavior — is essential for human survival.爱，对于人类的生存是不可或缺的。

Unit 1 Genetically modified foods -- Feed the World?If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions -- and vocal green lobbies -- the idea seems against nature.如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。

对许多人来说，高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。

特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。

In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic is out of the bottle.事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。

UNIT FIVETEXT ONEBoosted by booming international financial markets, the City of London has not had it so good since the end of the dotcom bonanza in the late 1990s. Basking in double-digit growth rates, London's law firms have both contributed to that success and benefited from it. The earnings of top City lawyers can now exceed £2m a year.Having opted to expand and go global ahead of most others, Britain's leading law firms tend to be bigger than their American rivals. Indeed, according to a survey of the world's top 50 law firms, compiled by Legal Business, a British trade paper, five of the world's top six law firms—in terms of turnover—are now British (if DLA Piper, the result of an Anglo-American merger, is included). But they have tended to lag behind in terms of their profitability. That is now changing.The profit margins of the City's five “magic circle” firms—Clifford Chance, Slaughter and May, Allen & Overy, Linklaters and Freshfields—have soared in recent years and are now comparable with, if not higher than, those of New York's “white shoe” elite. Slaughter and May, the only one of the five not to have gone global, has the joint second-highest profit margin among the top 50.Not so long ago, a London surgeon could expect to earn as much as a City lawyer. But even the recent big rises in hospital consultants' earnings pall in comparison with those enjoyed by London lawyers. At Slaughter and May, for example, average profits per equity partner (PEP) jumped by almost a third (in dollar terms) last year to $2.75m—more than at any other of the top 50 law firms bar two in New York where PEP averaged $2.8m and $3.0m respectively. Some senior partners get a lot more of course.Competition for the best lawyers is fierce and poaching frequent. Hence the need to keep headline PEP figures up—even at the cost of getting rid of equity partners, leaving a bigger share of the bounty for the remaining ones. Freshfields is in the process of shedding around 100 of its equity partners. Other leading firms are also undertaking painful restructuring.Newly qualified lawyers' salaries have also been shooting up in the search for the best talent. Both Freshfields and Allen & Overy now pay their first-year associates £65,000, rising to around £90,000 after three years. (First-year associates at America's top law firms get the equivalent of £80,000.)But, as many other top-rank City employers have discovered, big earnings do not necessarily guarantee big satisfaction. According to a YouGov poll, published by the Lawyer earlier this month, a quarter of Britain's lawyers (including a fifth of law-firmpartners) would like to leave the profession. The disgruntled complained about cripplingly long hours, intense competition and the impersonality of the biggest firms (some with more than 3,000 lawyers). So why don't they quit? Because, say three-quarters, of the pay.参考译文：虽然受到快速发展的国际金融市场的推动，伦敦自20世纪90年代末网络富源之后再也没有享受过原来的好日子。

考研真相英语二04阅读(中英文版)英文文档：The Truth of Postgraduate Entrance Examination English II Reading 04The "Truth of Postgraduate Entrance Examination" series is renowned for its accuracy and comprehensive analysis of the English II reading section.This specific volume, Reading 04, delves deep into the intricacies of reading comprehension, providing students with an in-depth understanding of the exam"s requirements.The book begins with an introduction to the various question types encountered in the reading section, such as factual information, inference, and judgment.It then provides a detailed analysis of each passage, breaking down the key elements that make up a successful answer.One of the most valuable aspects of this book is its emphasis on strategy.It teaches students how to identify the main idea, understand the author"s tone, and recognize supporting details.By mastering these strategies, students can improve their reading speed and accuracy, ultimately leading to higher scores on the exam.Furthermore, Reading 04 includes a wealth of practice exercises and answers.These exercises are designed to simulate real exam conditions, preparing students for the challenges they may face on test day.Theanswers provided are meticulously explained, helping students understand where they went wrong and how to correct their mistakes.In conclusion, "The Truth of Postgraduate Entrance Examination English II Reading 04" is an essential tool for any student serious about excelling in the reading section of the exam.With its comprehensive analysis, strategic guidance, and ample practice, this book promises to elevate students" reading skills and increase their chances of success in their postgraduate endeavors.中文文档：《考研真相英语二04阅读》《考研真相》系列以其准确性和全面性而闻名，针对英语二阅读部分的04阅读分册，深入探讨了阅读理解的精细之处，为学生提供了深入理解考试要求的深度分析。

考研英语阅读理解汉语翻译考研英语阅读理解汉语翻译考研英语阅读不仅需要大量的词汇量，更需从答案着手，“慧眼识珠”，消除干扰答案，更加快速高效的做出选择。

下面是店铺给大家准备的考研英语阅读理解真题及汉语翻译，欢迎大家阅读练习!The marvelous telephone and television network that has now enmeshed the whole world, making all men neighbours, cannot be extended into space. It will never be possible to converse with anyone on another planet. Even with today's radio equipment, the messages will take minutes—sometimes hours—on their journey, because radio and light waves travel at the same limited speed of 186, 000 miles a second.Twenty years from now you will be able to listen to a friend on Mars, but the words you hear will have left his mouth at least three minutes earlier, and your reply will take a corresponding time to reach him. In such circumstances, an exchange of verbal messages is possible—but not a conversation.To a culture which has come to take instantaneous communication for granted, as part of the very structure of civilized life, this “time barrier” may have a profound psychological impact. It will be a perpetual reminder of universal laws and limitations against which not all our technology can ever prevail. For it seems as certain as anything can be that no signal—still less any material object—can ever travel faster than light.The velocity of light is the ultimate speed limit, being part of the very structure of space and time. Within the narrow confines of the solar system, it will not handicap us too severely. At the worst, these will amount to twenty hours—the time it takes aradio signal to span the orbit of Pluto, the outer-most planet.It is when we move out beyond the confines of the solar system that we come face to face with an altogether new order of cosmic reality. Even today, many otherwise educated men—like those savages who can count to three but lump together all numbers beyond four—cannot grasp the profound distinction between solar and stellar space. The first is the space enclosing our neighbouring worlds, the planets; the second is that which embraces those distant suns, the stars, and it is literally millions of times greater. There is no such abrupt change of scale in the terrestrial affairs.Many conservative scientists, appalled by these cosmic gulfs, have denied that they can ever be crossed. Some people never learn; those who sixty years ago scoffed at the possibility of flight, and ten years ago laughed at the idea of travel to the planets, are now quite sure that the stars will always be beyond our reach. And again they are wrong, for they have failed to grasp the great lesson of our age—that if something is possible in theory, and no fundamental scientific laws oppose its realization, then sooner or later it will be achieved.One day we shall discover a really efficient means of propelling our space vehicles. Every technical device is always developed to its limit and the ultimate speed for spaceships is the velocity of light. They will never reach that goal, but they will get very near it. And then the nearest star will be less than five years voyaging from the earth.[514 words]11.For light to travel across the solar system, it will take_______.[A] a year [B] nearly a day [C] two months [D] thirty minutes12.The fact that it will never be possible to converse withsomeone on another planet shows that________[A] radio messages do not travel fast enough[B] no object can ever travel faster than light[C] western culture has a special idea of communication[D] certain universal laws cannot be prevailed against13.Confronted with the new order of cosmic reality, many educated men________.[A] become ignorant savage again [B] find the “time barrier” unbearable[C] will not combine solar and stellar space[D] cannot adapt to the abrupt change of scale14.Conservative scientists who deny that cosmic gulfs can ever be crossed will________[A] laugh at the very idea of flight [B] learn a lesson as they did ten years ago[C] find space travel beyond their reach[D] oppose the fundamental scientific laws15.The author of the passage intends to show__________.[A] the limitations of our technology [B] the vastness of the cosmic reality[C] the prospect of planetary travel [D] the psychological impact of time and space>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<核心词汇enclose vt. *① [常用被动态] to surround sth., especially with a fence or wall, in order to make it separate(尤指用篱笆或围墙)围起来例：A high wall enclosed the courtyard. 一堵高墙把院子围了起来。

Textual Selection1、When, at the beginning of The Iliad/伊利亚特/-and Western literature-King Agamemnon steals Achilles' slave-girl/奴隶女人/, Briseis, the king tells the world's greatest warrior/战士勇士/ that he is doing so "to let you know that I am more powerful than you, and to teach others not to bandy words with me/跟我犟嘴/ openly defy/不服从，公然反抗/ their king"'. But literary scholar/文学家/ Jonathan Gottschall believes that the true focus of Homer's epic is not royal authority/皇家权威/, but royal genes/皇家基因，皇家遗传/.2、Gottschall is one of a group of researchers/研究团队/, calling themselves literary Darwinists/文学达尔文主义者/, devoted to studying literature/文学/ using the concepts/概念/ of evolutionary/演化，进化/ biology and the empirical/以实验为依据的/, quantitative/量化的/ methods of the sciences. "Women in Homer/荷马史诗/ are not a proxy/代理人/ for status/显赫的地位/ and honour; says Gottschall. "At bottom/事实上/, the men in the stories are motivated/驱使/ by reproductive concerns/繁衍后代/. Every Homeric raid involves/荷马式的袭击/ killing the men and abducting/抢夺/ the women:' The violent world of the epics史诗中的残暴世界/, he says, reflects a society where men fought for scarce mates/少数的配偶/ and chieftains/首领/ had access to as many women as slaves/奴隶/ and concubines/宫女/. And he thinks that everything written/文学撰述/ since Homer is open to similar analysis.3、Literary Darwinism is a mode of analysis; it's also a bit of/一些，少许/ a crusade/运动/, an attempt/试图/ to shake up/撼动/ literary criticism/文学评论/. "Literary theory requires a theory of human nature/人性本质/, because literature is shaped/形状/ by human motives/动机/ and cognitive biases/认知偏见/; says Joseph Carroll of the University of Missour/密苏里/, St Louis. The problem, say the literary Darwinists/文学达尔文主义者/, is that for the past few decades/过去几十年/ the humanities/人类，人性/ have, in the case of/如果发生/ critics/评论，批评/ deconstructing texts/解构文本时/, denied/否定了/ the need for a theory of human nature, asserting/坚持/ that the study of texts can be concerned/不安的/ with nothing outside those texts. Or else/要不/ they have been stuck on theories of human nature that are rooted in/使根深蒂固/ the subjective/主观的/ and the social.4、Those influenced by Freudianism/洛伊德主义/, for example, might read a novel looking for hints/暗示提示/ of a child's sexual desire/性欲/ for its parent. A Marxist/马克思主义者/ would seek out economic and class/阶级/ conflicts/冲突/. Carroll has no truck with/不理/ this: "The theories up to/胜任/ this point have all had a little bit of the truth, but have also all been fundamentally/基本/ flawed/瑕疵/; he says. "None comes to terms with/对某事妥协/ the fundamental facts/基本事实/ of human evolution."5、Literary darwinists believe that literature/文学/ reflects a universal/普遍一般/ human nature shaped by natural selection, and as a result/作为结果/, read texts in terms of /依据/animal concerns/关系/ such as mate choice/配偶选择/, relations between kin/亲属关系/, and social hierarchies/社会阶级/. Such a scientistic approach/方法，途径/ can meet with hostility/敌对/. "At one meeting of the Modern Languages Association/协会/, someone stood up and called me a proto-fascist/原始的法西斯/; says Nancy Easterlin, an expert in Romantic literature/罗马语系专家/ at the University of New Orleans/新奥尔良/, Louisiana.///伊丝特琳利用认知学的一些观点来分析华尔华滋（William Wordsworth ）《前奏》（the Prelude ）的母子关系。

Text 1为了“让生活更美好”，减少“家庭的扶养"，英国财政部大臣George Osborn，提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。

只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有VC--网上找工作的注册书，并且开始找工作，那么他们有资格得到福利,然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周.还有什么能比这个更合理?下面是更明显的合理性.下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。

“最初的这些天应该用来找工作，而不是找注册地。

”他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作.”帮助?真的吗？第一次听到这时，这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好,和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”，以及对懒惰的补贴。

我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平"的热情—-保护纳税人，控制支出，以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。

失去工作是让人伤心的：你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心,有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景，并对此感到高兴。

失业是金融的恐怖,心理的尴尬，你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。

你现在是不被需要的；为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。

更糟糕的是，养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。

对于最需要什么这个问题，那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字：工作.但是在奥斯博岛，你的第一本能反应是被扶养-—如果你能做到，那么是永久的扶养，被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。

这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革，并且没有福利管理体系.现在英国的福利体系原则不再是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。

即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”，意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。

确实，这些要求者得到了有期限的“津贴”,条件是积极地找工作；这是欧盟中最不慷慨的一个体系，一周71,70英镑，没有补贴没有保险。

英语二Text 11---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents; but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country; most recently Los Angeles Unified; are revising修改their thinking on his educational ritual例行公事. Unfortunately; L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible 不可变更的policy which mandates批准that with the exception of some advanced courses; homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade..家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎;但最近几年来;家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视..全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法..不幸的是;洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程;家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%..21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____..A is receiving more criticismB is no longer an educational ritual绝对C is not required for advanced courses正反D is gaining more preferences正反2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly; no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives; it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children..这个规定旨在提出：来自贫穷家庭或混乱家庭的学生有困难;不能完成家庭作业..但该政策是不清晰的;是矛盾的..显然;没有哪个家庭作业是在没有昂贵设备就无法完成的..但如果该学区因为学生家庭复杂而不做家庭作业就给他通过的话;那么这就意味着对于贫穷孩子;标准要降低..22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____..Atend to have moderate expectations for their educationBhave asked for a different educational standardCmay have problems finishing their homeworkDhave voiced their complaints about homework3---District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades; students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework; but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students; the policy imposes a flat; across-the-board rule..区政府官员说;家庭作业仍将是学校教育的一部分：老师允许布置他想布置的作业..但家庭作业算入他们成绩的比例不能超过10%的话;学生就能逃避一半家庭作业;成绩报告单上看不出差别..有些学生可能不做完家庭作业也能取得好成绩..但想想那些做家庭作业并取得考试好成绩的学生吧;家庭作业完全有可能帮助了他们..但是;老师没有得到授权去寻找什么作业最适合学生;该政策给老师强加了一条无聊的一刀切规则..23.According to Paragraph 3;one problem with the policy is that it may____..Adiscourage students from doing homeworkBresult in students' indifference to their report cardsCundermine the authority of state testsDrestrict teachers' power in education4---At the same time; the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement; it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments; not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely; if homework matters; it should account for a significant portion of the grade. Meanwhile; this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject; or that teachers aren't assigning more than they're willing to review and correct.同时;该政策没有处理家庭作业真正棘手的问题..如果该学区发现家庭作业对于孩子的学业是不重要的;它就应该减少或者免除家庭作业;而不是减少所占比分..相反;如果家庭作业重要;它就应该在成绩中重要比重..同时;该政策没有确保学生做的家庭作业是否是有意义的;或者是否适合他们年龄和所上学科;或者老师是否不过量布置作业..24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4; a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.A it should be eliminated Bit counts much in schoolingcount表示重要C it places extra burdens on teachers Dit is important for grades原版5---The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board; which is responsible for setting educational policy; looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It's not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.5---The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board; which is responsible for setting educational policy; looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right..学校董事会是教育政策的制定者;在它调查此事并进行公众意见听证会的时候;家庭作业的规则应该暂停实施..洛杉矶学区要处理好家庭作业这件事还是来得及的..25. A suitable title for this text could be______..AWrong Interpretation of an Educational PolicyBA Welcomed Policy for Poor StudentsCThorny Questions about HomeworkDA Faulty Approach to Homework 原文标题。