99年1月,老托福听力及阅读

89年1月托福听力文字89年1月托福听力文字PART A1. I lent him a book.2. Bob wanted to be a doctor, but he became a teacher instead.3. No one ever listens to a word I say.4. Gary's beginning to come around to my point of view.5. Get to the movie theater by seven and you won't have to wait in the ticket line.6. This biography isn't half as well - written as the last one I read.7. What a wonderful story!8. George helped himself to another piece of pie.9. On the bookshelf in the office is a dictionary for everyone's use10. I like'd a larger suitcase than this one.11. Bill and Mary were enraged when their meeting was cancelled.12. How about keeping the noise level down in here?13. They are getting along fine in their new school14. Typing the essay is the least of my worries.15. I didn't discourage Pamela from doing her art project.16. I suggest we keep the party for Beth as a surprise,17.Sarah wanted to take a makeup exam.18. Are there enough assignment sheets to go around?19. Wasn’t that the city bus that'd j ust pulled away!20. No one knows more about the subject than Polly.PART B21. Paula, will you be ready to leave at eight?No way.Q: What does Paula mean22. Go ahead and have a seat.Thanks, but I'd rather stand.Q: What will the man probably do?23. Did you call an electrician to repair the lamp?No. I got Mike to do itQ: What does the woman mean?24 .I am not sure what the best way is to hang this poster without damaging the wall.Couldn't you use tape? It peels off easily.Q: What does woman suggest?25. Chemistry 502 is really a hard course.So was Chemistry 402 .Q: What do we learn from the conversation?26. Mark is watching a movie on TV.Should he be doing that now with the exams coming up next week?Q: What does the man imply that Mark should be doing?27. Have you picked up your ID card from the office yet?No, the camera for taking photos was broken.Why hasn't the woman gotten her ID card?28. Shall I call you to let you know about the next meeting?By all means.Q: What does the man imply?29. Did you get cut off?No, they asked me to hang up and try again later.Q: What has the woman been doing?30. Would you like to take a break and get a soda?Would I ever!Q: What does the woman mean?31. I can't decide whether to take anthropology or geology this term.It’s six of one and half a dozen of the other.Q: What does the man mean?32. Did you really give away all your science texts when you moved?Only the out-of-date onesQ: What does the woman mean?33. I don’t imagine yo u would have time to help me with this.As it happens, I would.Q: What does the man mean?34. I'm going to the drugstore to buy a birthday card for Aunt Margaret If you wait a minute I'll go with you. I need some aspirine.Q: Why are the man and woman going to the drugstore?35. Dick seems to think this year's football season will be disappointing.That's his opinion. Most others think differently.Q: What does the woman mean?PART CQuestions 36 - 40Excuse me, Dr. Tyler, your secretary said I should come right in.Please do, Jenny How can I help you?I need to get your signature on my schedule card here, on the line above advisor’s approval. Sure, but let's look at it over together first. How many courses do you have here?Six.Six? That's quite a heavy load. Any particular reason?I have to drop my chemistry course last semester when I went into the hospital, so I need to take it again,So you've already learnt a lot of the material.Right. And calculus is a part of the second year requirement.Let's see, Chemistry ,Calculus. Oh I see you'll be in my seminar on themodern American novel.Yes, I'm looking forward to it and the romantic poetry seminar, too. Two seminars? That is rather a lot. Can you handle the work?I think so. The introductory economics is fairly easy and so is the music course.Well, then I'll be happy to sign the card. However, I insist that you come see me after the firstweek of classes so we can make sure this isn’t too much for you.That's a promise.36. Where does this conversation most probably take place?37.When does this conversation take place?38. Why has the woman come to see Dr. Tyler?39. Why did the woman drop her chemistry course?40. What does Dr. Tyler seem most concerned about?Questions 41-45We are rapidly nearing the end of this course in the history of classical music. We have covered several centuries in a very short time. Much too short to do the music justice, of course, but then this is a survey course. From now until the end of the term, we’II be talking about and listening to electronic music Youprobably already know it was in the 1930 s that musical computers and synthesizers first appeared in universityies. The first commercial synthesizers were sold about this time, too. The sophistication and complexity of these instruments has now increased to the point that they can produce almost any kind of sound. Some alarmists believe these new instruments will bring an end to classical music or they've already have You know I don't share this view, though I agree we are in the midst of a revolution in instrument design. This, however, is not the first such revolution in musical history and probably not the last one either. Remember we’ve already studied a similar case in the early nineteenth century when The piano replaced the harpsichord and modern brass and wind instruments came into being.One of the most important reasons for the great popularity of electronic instruments is of course their relatively cheap price. Well, just look at it. Only about 400 dollars for an electronic keyboard compared to nearly 3000 dollars for a piano. Naturally, this has done a lot to increase sales of electronic instruments. But I don't think even the most ardent supporters of electronic instruments expect them to completely replace acoustic instruments.41. What is the speaker's main topic?42. At what point in the semester is this talk being given?43. What is the speaker's opinion of the idea that electronic instruments will destroy classical music?44. When does the speaker say that another significant change in instrument design took place?45. According to the speaker, how does the price of the electronic keyboard compared with the price of the piano?Questions 46- 50The volcanic ash from the eruption of Mount Saint Helens certainly caused a lot of damage, didn't it? It did, but not as much as experts have predicted. It seems to have had a beneficial effect as well. Really? But weren't crop losses great? Yes, However, since the weather following the eruptions was unexpectedly good, some crop yields remain steady or even increased beyond normal expectancy level. I'm glad to hear that. But what was the beneficial effect you mentioned?A mass destruction of various insect populations.How could the ash have killed insects without affecting people too? It's highly abrasive and quickly wears away the outer wax layer protecting insect bodies. Removal of that layer causes insects to lose body moisture by evaporation, the result is usually lethal. How about that! Sounds like an effective yet natural insecticide.46. What is the main topic of the conversation?47. According to the woman, what was the extent of crop damage?48. What beneficial result did the volcanic ash have?49. What can be inferred about the effect of volcanic ash on people?50. What is the man's attitude toward the information?。

99年英语考研阅读解析在1999年的英语考研阅读部分，考生们面临了一系列挑战，这些挑战不仅考验了他们的语言理解能力，还考察了他们对文章结构、逻辑关系以及细节信息的把握。

通过对这一年的阅读材料进行解析，我们可以发现几个关键点，这些点对于准备考研英语阅读部分的学生来说至关重要。

首先，1999年的阅读材料涵盖了广泛的主题，包括科技、教育、社会问题和文化差异等。

这些主题要求考生不仅要有扎实的词汇基础，还要对相关背景知识有一定的了解。

例如，在一篇关于科技发展对社会影响的文章中，考生需要理解文章中提到的新技术以及它们如何改变人们的生活方式。

其次，文章的结构和逻辑关系是理解文章内容的关键。

考生需要能够识别文章的主旨大意，以及各个段落是如何支持这一主旨的。

在1999年的阅读材料中，很多文章采用了比较和对比的写作手法，这要求考生能够分辨不同观点，并理解它们是如何相互关联的。

再者，细节信息的把握对于答题同样重要。

在阅读部分，很多问题都是基于文章中的具体信息来设置的。

考生需要能够快速定位到文章中的相关信息，并准确理解其含义。

例如，文章中可能会提到一个实验的结果，而问题可能会询问这个结果对于某个论点的支持程度。

此外，理解作者的意图和态度也是阅读部分的一个重要方面。

考生需要能够从文章的用词和语气中推断出作者的观点和情感倾向。

这不仅需要对语言有敏感度，还需要能够理解文化背景和语境。

最后，1999年的阅读材料也考察了考生的推理和判断能力。

在一些问题中，考生需要根据文章内容进行逻辑推理，或者从给定的信息中推断出作者未明确表述的观点。

这要求考生不仅要理解文章的字面意思，还要能够进行深层次的思考。

总的来说，1999年的英语考研阅读部分要求考生具备全面的阅读技能，包括对主题的理解、对文章结构和逻辑关系的把握、对细节信息的敏感度、对作者意图和态度的识别，以及推理和判断能力。

通过系统的训练和实践，考生可以提高这些技能，从而在考研英语阅读部分取得好成绩。

99年英语考研阅读问题和选项翻译11.What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened? 11.在20世纪80年代当发生事故时，情况会如何？[A] Customers might be relieved of theirdisasters through lawsuits.[A] 顾客可以通过诉讼而免受灾难。

[B] Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system. [B] 受伤的顾客有望得到法律体制的保护。

[C] Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings. [C] 公司将通过提供新的警示语避免被起诉。

[D] Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised. [D] 陪审团倾向于对公司所承诺的赔偿严加挑剔。

12.Manufacturers as mentioned in thepassage tend to.12.文中提及生产厂商往往。

[A] satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products [A] 通过在产品上写长长的警示语使顾客满意[B] become honest in describing theinadequacies of their products[B] 诚实描述自己产品不足[C] make the best use of labels to avoidlegal liability[C] 充分利用标签避免法律责任[D] feel obliged to view customers safety as their first concern [D] 不得不视顾客的安全为自己的第一考虑13.The case of Schutt helmet demonstratedthat.13.Schutt头盔的案例说明。

CET4_1999年1月试题及答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example: You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) He watched television with his friend.B) He stayed at home talking with his friend.C) He went to see a film with his friend.D) He went to see his schoolmate.2. A) When the meeting is to be held.B) Who are going to attend the meeting.C) Where the meeting is to be held.D) What’s to be discussed at the meeting.3. A) The necessity of writing to Mr. Johnson.B) Who is going to contact Mr. Johnson.C) The arrangement of the Wednesday meeting.D) Where they are going to meet Mr. Johnson.4. A) Jack brought the tape to the party.B) The tape had been returned to Paul.C) The tape was missing.D) Jack lent his tape to Paul.5. A) The man wants to reserve a room.B) The man reserved a room some time ago.C) The man has booked a room with no bath.D) The man wants to buy a flat on the second floor.6. A) Both editions are the same price now.B) It has two editions with the same cover.C) The paperback edition is on sale.D) The hardcover edition is more expensive.7. A) His TV sets are all of the same brand.B) He doesn’t have the newest models right now.C) He has the best TV sets for sale.D) His TV sets have a good sale.8. A) He must hand in a report about the museum.B) He has already visited the museum.C) He has to read a history book.D) He is too busy to go with her.9. A) They are rewarding.B) They are entertaining.C) They are boring.D) They are time-consuming.10. A) A sunny day.B) A raincoat.C) An attractive hut.D) A lovely hat.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneQuestion 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) She sat back and relaxed.B) She decided to retire.C) She entered university.D) She worked out a new English program.12. A) 8 years.B) 20 years.C) 16 years.D) 30 years.13. A) Bring a great deal of useful experience to the university.B) Improve human relationships in the university.C) Bring a fear of aging among young students on the campus.D) Improve the reputation of the university.14. A) She is learning English and Drama.B) She is learning how to make sound judgments.C) She is learning how to teach minority students.D) She is learning to perceive, not to judge.Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. A) The difference between classical music and rock music.B) Why classical music is popular with math students.C) The effects of music on the results of math tests.D) How to improve your reasoning ability.16. A) Because it stimulates your nerve activity.B) Because it keeps you calm.C) Because it strengthens your memory.D) Because it improves your problem solving strategies.17. A) Piano music could interfere with your reasoning ability.B) The effects of music do not last long.C) The more you listen to music, the higher your test scores will be.D) Music, whether classical or rock, helps improve your memory.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) To drive the car automatically.B) To measure the driver’s pulse.C) To prevent car accidents.D) To monitor the driver’s health.19. A) It sends out signals for help.B) It sounds an alarm to warn the driver.C) It takes over the driving immediately.D) It stops the car automatically.20. A) It monitors the signals transmitted from the driver’s brain.B) It can measure the driver’s alcohol level in the blood.C) It can quicken the driver’s response to emergencies.D) It bases its analysis on the driver’s heartbeat.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched（草盖的）roof cottages around a church; a drive through a narrow village street lines with thatched cottages painted pink or white; the sight in parts of England. Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside. Thatching is in fact the oldest of all the building crafts practiced in the British Isles（英论诸岛）. Although thatch has always been used for cottage and farm buildings,it was once used for castles and churches, too.Thatching is a solitary（独自的）craft, which often runs in families. The craft of thatching as it is practiced toady has changed very little since the Middle Ages. Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter.In fact, if we look at developing countries, over half the world lives under thatch, but they all do it in different ways. People in developing countries are often reluctant to go back to traditional materials and would prefer modern buildings. However, they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials. Their temporary mud huts with thatched roofs of wild grasses often only last six months. Thatch which has been done the British way lasts from twenty to sixty years, and is an effective defiance against the heat.21. Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside?A) Narrow streets lined with pink or white houses.B) Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings.C) Cottages with thatched roofs.D) churches with cottages around them.22. What do we know about thatching as a craft?A) It is a collective activity.B) It is practised on farms all over England.C) It is quite different from what it used to be.D) It is in most cases handed down among family members.23. Thatched houses are still preferred because of _________.A) their style and comfortB) their durabilityC) their easy maintenanceD) their cheap and ready-made materials24. People in developing countries also live under thatch because ________.A) thatched cottages are a big tourist attractionB) thatched roof houses are the cheapestC) thatch is an effective defense against the heatD) they like thatched houses better than other buildings25. We can learn from the passage that _________.A) thatched cottages in England have been passed down from ancient timesB) thatching is a building craft first created by the English peopleC) the English people have a special liking for thatched housesD) most thatched cottages in England are located on hillsidesPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige（威望）in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions posses this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly（垄断）of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves. A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which si a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, that democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic（贵族的）idea of inherited privilege.26. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means“________”.A) The business institutions in America are concerned with commerceB) Business problems are of great importance to the American governmentC) Business is of primary concern to AmericansD) America is a great power in world business27. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only ________.A) when given equality of opportunityB) through doing businessC) by protecting their individual freedomD) by way of competition28. Who can benefit from business competition?A) Honest businessmen.B) Both businessmen and their customers.C) People with ideals of equality and freedom.D) Both business institutions and government.29. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by ________.A) its absolute control of powerB) its function in preserving personal freedomC) its role in protecting basic American valuesD) its democratic way of exercising leadership30. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _________.A) Americans are more ambitious than people in other countriesB) in many countries su ccess often depends on one’s social statusC) American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD) businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s d esire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’ money.Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offer to dieters（节食者）with the message that there were fewer calories（热量单位，大卡）in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic（适合于节食的）, but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.31. Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _________.A) stressing their high qualityB) convincing him of their low priceC) maintaining a balance between quality and priceD) appealing to his buying motives32. The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that ________.A) thin slices of bread could contain more caloriesB) the loaf was cut into regular slicesC) the bread was not genuine breadD) the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same33. The passage tells us that _______.A) sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needsB) advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don’t needC) the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisementsD) fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment34. It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should _________.A) think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisementsB) guard against the deceiving nature of advertisementsC) be familiar with various advertising strategiesD) avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal35. The passage is mainly about ________.A) how to make a wise buying decisionB) ways to protect the interests of the consumerC) the positive and negative aspects of advertisingD) the function of advertisements in promoting salesPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “readin g cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.”Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen and observed.Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索）for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.” When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfil them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.36. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that _______.A) it is one of the most difficult school coursesB) students spend endless hours in readingC) reading tasks are assigned with little guidanceD) too much time is spent in teaching about reading37. The teaching of reading will be successful if ________.A) teachers can improve conditions at school for the studentsB) teachers can enable students to develop their own way of readingC) teachers can devise the most efficient system for readingD) teachers can make their teaching activities observable38. The word “scrutiny” (Line 3, Para.3) most probably means “_________”.A) inquiryB) observationC) controlD) suspicion39. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when _________.A) children become highly motivatedB) teacher and learner roles are interchangeableC) teaching helps children in the search for knowledgeD) reading enriches children’s experience40. The main idea of the passage is that _________.A) teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to readB) teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possibleC) reading ability is something acquired rather than taughtD) reading is more complicated than generally believedPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41 A person’s calorie requirements vary ________ his life.A) across B) throughoutC) over D) within42 A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, ________ were surprising.A) as results B) which resultsC) the results of it D) the results of which43 Generous public funding of basic science would _________ considerable benefits for the country’s health, wealth and security.A) lead to B) result fromC) lie in D) settle down44 In a time of social reform, people’s state of mind tends to keep ___________ with the rapid changes of society.A) step B) progressC) pace D) touch45 __________ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A) The girl was educated B) The girl educatedC) The girl’s being educated D) The girl to be educated46 __________ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.A) Even if B) As far asC) If only D) So long as47 My train arrives in New York at eight o’clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _________ by then.A) would leave B) will have leftC) has left D) had left48 The speech which he made __________ the project has bothered me greatly.A) being concerned B) concernedC) be concerned D) concerning49 Harry was ________ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.A) stung B) stuckC) bitten D) scratched50 The thief tried to open the locked door but _________.A) in no way B) in vainC) without effect D) at a loss51 All flights _________ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A) had been canceled B) have been canceledC) were canceled D) having been canceled52 __________ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.A) By B) OnC) At D) For53 Remember that customers don’t ________ about prices in that city.A) debate B) consultC) dispute D) bargain54 Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we ___________ during the day.A) should have done B) may have doneC) would have done D) must have done55 I hope that you’ll be more careful in typing the letter. Don’t _________ anything.A) lack B) withdrawC) omit D) leak56 This crop does not do well in soils ___________ the one for which it has been specially developed.A) outside B) other thanC) beyond D) rather than57 “You are very selfish. It’s high time you ________ that you are not the most important person in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily.A) realized B) have realizedC) realized D) should realize58 These two areas are similar _________ they both have a high rainfall during this season.A) to that B) besides thatC) in that D) except that59 The tomato juice left brown __________ on the front of my jacket.A) spot B) pointC) track D) trace60 If I hadn’t stood under the ladd er to catch you when you fell, you ________ now.A) wouldn't be smiling B) couldn’t have smiledC) won’t smile D) didn’t smile61 The committee is totally opposed ________ any changes being made in the plans.A) of B) onC) to D) against62 We’ll visit Europe next year _________ we have enough money.A) lest B) untilC) unless D) provided63 My father seemed to be in no __________ to look at my school report.A) mood B) emotionC) attitude D) feeling64 When he realized the police had spotted him, the man ______ the exit as quickly as possible.A) made off B) made forC) made out D) made up65 I was advised to arrange for insurance _________ I needed medical treatment.A) nevertheless B) althoughC) in case D) so that66 Frankly speaking, I’d rat her you __________ anything about it for the time being.A) didn’t do B) haven’t doneC) don’t do D) have done67 I’m sorry I can’t see you immediately; but if you’d like to take a seat, I’ll be with you _________.A) for a moment B) in a momentC) for the moment D) at the moment68 The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness _______ by his lack of talent.A) than B) more thanC) as D) so much as69 Our new house is very _________ for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.A) adaptable B) comfortableC) convenient D) available70 Our journey was slow because the train stopped __________ at different villages.A) unceasingly B) graduallyC) continuously D) continuallyPart IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words.)Would be language teachers everywhere have one thing in common: they all want some recognition of their professional status and skills, and a job. The former requirement is obviously important on a personal level, but it is vital if you are to have any chance of finding work.Ten years ago, the situation was very different. In virtually every developing country, and in many developed countries as well, being a native English speaker was enough to get you employed as an English teacher.Now employers will only look at teachers who have the knowledge, the skills and attitudes to teach English effectively. The result of this has been to raise non-native English teachers to the same status as their native counterparts (相对应的人) - something they have always deserved but seldom enjoyed. Non-natives are now happy - linguistic discrimination (语言上的歧视) is a thing of the past.An ongoing research project, funded by the University of Cambridge, asked a sample of teachers, teacher educators and employers in more than 40 countries whether they regard the native/non-native speakers distinction as being at all important. “NO” was the answer. As long as candidates could teach and had the required level of English, it didn’t matter who they were and where they came from. Thus, a new form of discrimination - this time justified because it singled out the unqualified - liberated the linguistically oppressed (受压迫的). But the Cambridge project did more than just that: it confirmed that the needs of native and non-native teachers are extremely similar.Questions: (注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。

1999年答案与解析PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKAs we all know, when machines work they give off a lot of noise, and the no ise can sometimes be very unpleasant, or annoying. As a result, people have been trying to find ways to reduce noise. Although it may sound a bit strange to you all z one of the best ways to make machines quieter; in cars for example, may be to make them noisier. The source of this paradox is electronic ant卜noise which creates sound waves to can cel out unwan ted no ise, such as rattles, blare, etc. Now although the idea dates back to the 1930s, it's only recently that advances in computer tech no logy have made anti-noise a commercial possibility. Take Franc e for example. Here industry spends a fortune to get rid of noise. We all know how unpleasant it is. Both people working in factories and ordinary people at home enjoying their leisure can be affected by noise. Delicate machines are affected by noise as well・The government has passed a lot of regulations concerning acceptable levels of noise. Noise is costly to industry. In the first place, just following a single regulation can cost 1 to 2 billion US dollars in the textile industry, they say.Then secondly, of course, vibration can cause damage to machinery. Even very small vibrations can cause parts to wear out and equipment to fail. And naturally enoughy this gets added on to the price of the products. About $ to 15% of the price of a product comes from noise and vibration costs, it z s estimated.At present, methods used to dampen down noise and vibrations rely on techniques that are 30 or 40 years old. These usually involve wrapping the noisy or vibrati ng comp orient in anything from cott on to con crete. But this is ofte n expensive and inefficient.The moder n electronic anti・noise devices don't reduce sound. In stead, sound is used to attack sou nd. The trick is to hit these sound waves with other waves in a carefully con trolled way. It may not be possible to eliminate noise completely, but engineers can build systems to elimimate specific kinds of noise and vibration. The new systems can deal with repetitive noise. This unfortunately means that there is not much that can be done about one-off noise, like some one trying to lear n to play a trumpet. But they can handle fairly regular things like engine noise.A French company has developed a technique which uses a microphone and a microprocessor. The processor measures the sound and directs a speaker to broadcast sou nd waves that are out of phase with the engine no ise. The company claimed t hat it will make a car engine quieter, if not completely 100% silent. There are a number of other areas of application in the noisy, industrial environment of today. One system which the company is developing, aims to minimize the noise of aircraft engines and helicopter vibrations. Now anti・noise systems would be able to reduce noise in the cabin of an airplane to mere acceptable levels.Another area which affects ordinary households nowadays concerns the noise which electricity and gas suppliers create. The electricity companies spend a Io t of money each year, cutting the harm of transformers, trying to quiet the noise andmaintaining equipment that is constantly affected by vibration. If they can get rid of or eve n stop the vibrati ons, manufacturers can in crease product! on speeds・But, of course, people working in noisy workplaces are perhaps mere affected than anything by the effects of noise. Anti・noise can also create ''zones of quiet z, in noisy workplaces. To create such a zone，you do two things.First, microphones are suspended around the workplace. Then speakers that produce out-of-phase sound waves can then be put close to the worker under the desk o r the machine. A company working in this area has tested this system and says that it cuts noise levels enough for somebody in side the zone to hear a conversation from another part of the work place. Yet, this is only one-way; shouts from t he quiet zone could not be heard over the factory noise by those outside it, because the rest of the workplace remains noisy. This is one of the anti-noise measures experimented with today・If this proves to be feasible in many workplaces, rm sure it can con tribute to the reducti on of noise in factory workshops in the future.SECTION B INTERVIEWW: First of all z when do people start work in American offices?M: Right, well, the official work day starts at 9:00 am. This really means 9 o'clock -not ten past or half past nine.W: Would you say that people work very hard in offices in America?M: Well, I don't know about employees in your country. But some nations have a philosophy that you work when the ''boss" is around. And any time he's not there, one can relax by reading the newspaper or whatever one likes doing in a personel way.W: And things are different in the States, you're saying?M: Well, in America one is being paid for one's time. So employees are expected to find other work if their own desks are clear; or to help some one else with his or her work. But you n ever sit idle doing no thing.W: Yes, as the saying goes: 'Time is money.,zM: Exactly. Your employer u owns" your time while he is paying you for it. That is precisely what 'Time is money" means. And anyway the boss doesn't ask mo re of you than he is doing himself: he...he will probably work through the lunch hour himself and even take work home at night.W: Talking about lunch hours. What about them? Do you have to take them seriously? M: Oh, yes, sure, of course. An employee's lunch hour should he taken within t h e period allowed, unless you are officially discussing company business-say… en…on a business lunch. It's the same too with the end of the day. I mean, e r\ work until the day officially ends at five o'clock, unless you are in an off ice where "flextime" is the accepted practice.W: Oh, so you have the flextime system, do you? I wasn't sure about that.M: Oh yes, sure. Flexible working hours, that is, en•…starting or ending work earlier or later I... I know it z s still relatively new. However; there are mo r e and moreAmerica ns on the system today. Well, for the same reas ons as in Europe-to keep traffic and commuting problems down. And as more women now work it gives more family time.W: Er... could you say somethi ng about con tracts or hiring in America, please? M: Well, it's different in America from, say, European countries like Germany o r France, perhaps Japan, too. Pm not sure. I know that in some countries people relax once they have got a job, because they know that they will almost never be fired-unless they do something wrong.W: You mean that your employer can just fire you in America?M: No, no, no. There are, of course, legal protections in the US. So employees can not be unjustly fired without good reasons. Workers must do a good job, produce well, and get along with their colleagues-or they can be ''let go： as it is called. W: From one day to the next, you mean?M: Well, it z s rarely done without warning, but it is important to remember that in the US you are a member of a business firm and not a family. It makes a difference. W: I wonder; are the physical or external appearances of office life different from European offices?M: Well, I have heard people comme nt on the in formality found in America n offices. And this is certainly a little difficult for people who are more used to a hierarchical system, of course・ But there are some very formal offices, too, say, in... in big banks, law firms and major corporations. But in many establishment s with fewer employees the atmosphere is loose and easy with a lot of joking， and teasi ng, and wan dering in and out of offices among all levels of employees. W: Well, that sounds quite interesting. I think that's all I want to know really. Thank you very much. M: My pleasure.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item l(For Question 11)President Clinton begins a 3-day campaign・styled trip to the western US later today to highlight his domestic agenda.White House spokesma n says crime, the most importa nt issue for America ns t his election year according to public opinion polls, will be a key theme of President Clinton's trips to California, Nevada and New Mexico. Mr. Clinton's presumptive Republican challenger; retiring Senator Bob Dole, has repeatedly disapproved of Mr. Clinton's record on fighti ng crime. The preside nt is expected to argue that his policies have helped make American communities safer places. Mr. Clint on will also attend a number of political fund-raising events during his visits to Califomia and Nevada.News Item 2(For Questions 12-13)Reports say Japan and the US have reached an agreement on their dispute over air-cargo transport rights in Asia.The agreement will mean that Washington and Tokyo will renegotiate a 1952Aviation Treaty which allowed American airlines to fly on from Tokyo to other pl aces in Asia but didn't allow Japanese airlines the same rights to fly on from America to other destinations. Tokyo has always said that the treaty was unfair and Japan has always wan ted it changed.According to the agreement，Japan will allow the American airline carrier Federal Express to fly on through Tokyo to 7 other destinations in Asia. Now Japan has always said it was happy to allow that, if the treaty was「enegotiated. It does seem very clear that Japan has come out of this one on top.This is certainly not the first dispute and it certainly won't be the last dispute, either. There are several outstanding areas of friction between Japan and the US. At the moment, they are negotiating about photographic film and photographic paper. It could take a year to resolve. But even where the two countries do reach agreement there is still room for argument. They reached this famous car agreement about a month ago. They are already bickering about it.News Item 3(For Questions 14-15)Scientists say they can tell what air and sea conditions were like hundreds of thousands of years ago. They say pieces of ice taken from Greenland provide such information.Scientists took the ice from more than one-and・a・half mile deep in huge masses of ice that float on the sea. That is the deepest scientists ever have drilled for ice. The ice represents 25,000 years of history. It provides one of the clearest records of ancient weather. European and American scientific teams have been studyi ng ice from the same area to con firm each other s findings. The scie ntists examine the ice that was formed each year. They measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide in the ice. These measurements tell about the year's temperature ・From these measurements, the scientific teams say that the past 10,000 years is the only period during which the weather has not changed very much. Before that time, they believe very large, sudden changes in the weather were comm on. The ice appears to show that at some periods, earth's weather changed from very hot to very cold in only ten years.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIt is common nowadays for companies and industries to sponsor big sports events. For example, many companies sponsored the 8th National Games held in Shanghai in 1997. Then, what exactly do companies and industries get out of spon sori ng big sports eve nts, such as in ter national games? And why n eed they do so?There is an obvious answer and a not so obvious one. The obvious answer is that they get known worldwide, particularly if they are the principal sponsor of an eve nt. This is especially importa nt when you con sider the number of coun tries around the world that might show the event on TV. The not so obvious answer is that sponsorship can help firms to save money.Then how can they save money in this way? Companies can claim expenditures on sponsorship or ''support to sport and the arts" against the amount of tax that they owe. So, if they are going to have to pay tax any way, why not spend the money on promoting their name or product?However, sponsorship is surely a very expensive business. So, how does one decide which events or activities to support? Companies spend a lot of time making sure that they have a perfect match between the products to be represented and the activity that needs sponsorship. Basically, companies have to make sure that the image is right and that the product gets maximum coverage through the event・ I mean, you wouldn't expect a company whose product has a young in ter national image to spon sor a sport that has a followi ng among older people. There are all sorts of reasons behind sponsorship. That's what the game's about for those who are trying to sell it.There are some important points to consider before agreeing to sponsor an eve nt. First and foremost, I suppose, is the popularity of the eve nt in go-betweer\ I mean. Events like the World Cup and the Olympics have businesses queuing up to offer sponsorship. There are the big media events: hours and hours of TV and satellite coverage guaranteed all over the world, as well as press coverage and the possibility of photographs that in some way advertise your product. Most eve nts are n't quite like that though. I suppose you've got the national games every four years in China. But most events appeal to only a limited proportion of the potential audience・tennis，for example. Most of the audienee there is young, so products for the young are the ones that you would associate with the event recently. Then how do you match up the product with the eve nt? The most important thing with the smaller eve nt is to identify the audienee it's going to appeal to in this instanee, tennis and young people. That should attract drinks manufactures, sports fashion designe「s, cosmetics producers, and so on. Then you look at the potential coverage in the media. It z s the sort of event that might attract Coca-Cola or Pepsi maybe even McDonalds.In sponsori ng sports events, it is not just the media coverage that matters. The importa nt questi on is whether the people who've either bee n to the eve nt or read about it in the press will be more likely to buy your product as a result. A lot of the advantages of investment in sponsorship are longer-term. People who have possibly read about or watched an eve nt on TV may not even be able to tell you who was spon sori ng the eve nt, yet will react favorably if asked to comme nt on products marketed by the spon sori ng compa ny. They have bee n conditioned in some way. Conditioning the mind is what advertising is about. Believe it or not, straight advertising is a far more expensive way of promoting your image than sponsorship, and what's more, sponsorship is mostly tax-free・ To sum up, today we have talked about sponsorship of sports events by companies: the reasons behind and a few related points. I hope this will help you gain some insight into the issue・PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALK1.答案：C【问句译文】使机器噪咅小一些的技术如何？【试题分析】本题为细节区分题。

1999年1月托福听力文字-托福考试99年1月托福听力文字1. Why are you leaving so early? The movie doesn't start till seven.I don't want to be at the traffic there. It's a nightmare on the express way during rush hour.What does the man mean? (A)2. Excuse me, but could you tell me how to get to the Excelsior Hotel? I thought it was on this corner but I seem to have made a mistake.Hmm. I'm sorry. Maybe you should try calling them. There is a phone over there by the candy store.What does the woman suggest the man do? (C)3. Can I borrow your calculus textbook? I left mine in the classroom. And it was gone when I went back.That happened to me once. I'd almost given up on finding ituntil I checked it at the lost-and-found at the information desk downstairs in the lobby.What does the woman imply about the man should do? (D)4. Did you see the diamond ring Bill gave to Linda?I sure did. It must have cost him an arm and a leg.What does the woman imply about the ring (C)5. I'm always late for my morning classes. It's because of all the traffic out near where I live.Well, you wouldn't have that problem if you move into our campus.What does the man suggest the woman do? (D)6. Jennifer is going to the shore again this weekend.Well, she's always been a beach person.What can be inferred about Jennifer. (A)7. Hey, Larry. Wanna meet a few of us for coffee in a little while?Hmm. I would if I weren't so far behind in this reading I'mdoing for history.What will the man probably do? (A)8. Oh, something in this room is making my eyes edge. I must be allergic to something.Hmm. I wonder what it is.What does the woman want to know? (C)9. My brother is coming this weekend and I thought three of us could go out to dinner Saturday night. Any suggestions?It's up to you. I don't know the restaurants around here that well. So you know a better place to go than me.What does the man mean? (B)10. Can I get a ride into the office with you tomorrow?Another day would be fine. But I got to be downtown for a meeting first thing in the morning.What does the woman imply? (D)11. After two weeks of tennis lessons I think I finally managed to improve my backhand.Like my mom always says: "Practice makes perfect."What does the woman mean? (B)12. I just heard about your acceptance into law school. Do you think you will be able to join your brother's firm when you graduate?Not likely. He is a tax lawyer and I'm going to major in criminal law.What does the woman imply? (D)13. Could you give me a ride to the dean's office? My interview for the scholarship is in an hour.Don't you have anything else to wear other than that sweater?What does the woman imply? (D)14. Well, if you are seriously considering buying a car, I'm trying to get rid of mine. All it needs is some new paint.Thanks. But most used cars end up being more trouble than they are worth.What will the man probably do? (C)15. Did you watch that comedy special on TV last night? I don'tthink I ever laughed so hard.Don't even talk to me about it. The only night I really wanted to watch something and we had a power fail in my building.What does the woman mean? (A)16. Do you think it'll be able to get this ink stain out of my pants?It won't be a problem but I'll need to send them over to the main cleaning facility. That's an extra day's time.What does the woman mean? (A)17. You'll have to be a lot more persuasive if you want to convince the committee to accept your proposal.I'm not sure what else I could say. Besides I don't think they will reject it.What does the woman mean? (C)18. I'm having trouble slicing the bread with this knife.Oh. Sorry about that. I haven't gotten around to sharpening it yet.What can be inferred about the knife? (B)19. Do you know if Sarah has reserved the room for the committee meeting yet?No. But if she hasn't we should have her try to get it at the auditorium.We'll need the space.What does the woman want Sarah to do? (C)20. I lost the piece of paper Laura gave me. You know, the one with her address on it.You might be able to find it listed in the phone book/What does the woman mean? (D)21. I heard on the radio that not only is it going to be super hot tomorrow but also the humidity's going way up.Sounds like I'm going to have to find an air-conditioned place to be in.What does the man mean? (B)22. I can't concentrate on this final report any longer. Maybe Ishould take a nap before we continue.You know they say the physical activity makes you more alert.What does the woman imply? (B)23. I hope you like the novel I lent you. I wasn't sure whether it was the kind of book you would be interested in.You know, I had the same doubt at first. But once I started I simply couldn't put it down.What does the man mean? (C)24. The museum exhibit that our professor recommended just closed. Last day yesterday.Oh. I was really looking forward to seeing it.What does the man mean? (C)25. If George misses one more meeting we are going to have to find one new committee secretary.We'd better give him a n ultimatum.What does the man suggest they do? (B)1 2 3。

97年1月份托福听力1.(A) His mother was on hr lunch break.(B) His mother can’t talk about her new job.(C) His mother doesn’t like going to lunch.(D) His other’s new job keeps her busy.2.(A) She thinks the man should drive to town.(B) She likes to pass cars.(C) The man should mind his won business.(D) The traffic won’t be detoured after tomorrow.3.(A) See his professor about the paper.(B) Try to get better grades.(C) Be on time for his appointment.(D) Pick a different topic for his paper.4.(A) She doesn’t like fresh vegetables.(B) She doesn’t have time to go to the market.(C) She has already been shopping.(D) She only has enough for herself.5.(A) She prefers to exercise in the morning.(B) It is important to warm up before exercising.(C) The man should start running daily.(D) The man should continue his exercise program.6.(A) The party doesn’t interest him.(B) He may already have plans.(C) He’d like to bring a guest to the party.(D) He’d rather come another time.7.(A) She is embarrassed.(B) She had forgotten all about the test.(C) She just got one question correct.(D) She is very pleased.8.(A) He prefers to go to the concert tonight.(B) He doesn’t like to go to movies at night.(C) The others should do what they like.(D) They should go to more movies and concerts this year.9.(A) The books slipped off the table.(B) He forgot to get the books.(C) He reminded Ron about the books.(D) Ron should pick up the books.10.(A) She left them at home.(B) She needs them right now.(C) They might be hard to read.(D) They are incomplete.11.(A) Wait until the sale is over.(B) Watch for the ad on television.(C) Return his suit to Canard’s.(D) Buy a new suit.12.(A) The woman should return his tape player by Friday.(B) The woman should buy him a new tape player.(C) By Friday he should be able to borrow a tape player.(D) He can’t wait until Friday for his tape player.13.(A) Start writing letters.(B) Mail her letters immediately.(C) Stop thinking about her exams.(D) Study instead of writing letters.14.(A) She’s looking forward to her history class.(B) She’s surprised how long her reading assignment is.(C) She thinks the book is too expensive.(D) She is late for hr history class.15.(A) She is away for a few days.(B) She recently hurt herself.(C) She tore her skirt on a book.(D) She seldom stops studying.16.(A) Sit further back.(B) Sit closer together.(C) Find their reserved seats.(D) Find seats closer to the screen.17.(A) His paycheck is late.(B) The book bag is too expensive.(C) He can’t lend the woman any money.(D) The woman doesn’t need a new book bag.18.(A) Buy an Italian cookbook.(B) Go to an Italian restaurant.(C) Take a night flight to Italy instead.(D) Cook some Italian dishes on Saturday.19.(A) Move to a cheaper apartment.(B) Find a person to share their apartment.(C) Hire a new worker.(D) Write an accurate description of a friend.20.(A) The man should buy a watch in a jewelry store.(B) The jewelry store doesn’t have a good selection of watches.(C) The man has been looking at poorly made watches.(D) The watches in the jewelry store are even more expensive.21.(A) He isn’t ready to work on the next lab experiment.(B) He’s surprised the woman chose him.(C) He doesn’t understand why the experiment didn’t work.(D) Finding a lab partner is difficult.22.(A) Both games are played worldwide.(B) Chess is more difficult.(C) Both games can be learned by children.(D) He can’t compare the two games.23.(A) All of the applicants received fellowships.(B) The dean is waiting to see her.(C) Her fellowship is being delayed until her grades are available.(D) Her fellowship was announced first.24.(A) He can’t see very well.(B) He’s not feeling well.(C) His eye doesn’t hurt very much.(D) His eye isn’t healing very quickly.25.(A) Join an engineering firm.(B) Start his own company.(C) Join the woman in graduate school.(D) Go to business school.26.(A) He should move the desk back.(B) He should go to the doctor.(C) He should have had someone help him.(D) He should have known the desk was heavy.27.(A) Buy a new television for the woman.(B) Check to see if the woman’s television has been repaired.(C) Fix the woman’s television.(D) Order parts for the woman’s television.28.(A) He wants to learn to play the clarinet.(B) He wants to play in the band.(C) His hand is performing next week.(D) He wasn’t playing very loudly.29.(A) She also plans to get a pet.(B) Dan is allergic to cats.(C) Animals will soon be allowed in Dan’s building.(D) Dan will get a lift to his apartment from a relative.30.(A) He wants to know how the concert was.(B) He disagrees with the woman.(C) He likes to play the piano.(D) He also enjoyed the music.31.(A) Planning a sightseeing tour.(B) Writing to his uncle.(C) Arranging his class schedule.(D) Looking through a language textbook.32.(A) Get the university’s apartment approval in advance.(B) Follow Susan’s advice about traveling abroad.(C) Take more French courses to improve his skill.(D) Make inquires about the requirements for teaching chemistry.33.(A) He has fulfilled his graduation requirements.(B) He wants to change his field of study.(C) He needs to get better grades.(D) He needs to earn a graduate degree.34.(A) The benefits of new reflectors.(B) Identifying different varieties of quarter.(C) A particular kind of heating device.(D) Using solar energy for heat.35.(A) Quartz heaters.(B) Sympathetic vibration.(C) Infrared heat.(D) Convection.36.(A) He asks her for an example.(B) He asks her to give a definition.(C) He asks her how a quartz heater works.(D) He asks her to explain his design.37.(A) It heats only the objects in a room.(B) It is lighter in weight.(C) It is more expensive.(D) It is more common.38.(A) It measures the temperature of a room.(B) It collects sunlight.(C) It moves air around the room.(D) It directs radiation at objects.39.(A) To interest students in a career in counseling.(B) To recruit counselors to work in the placement office.(C) To inform students of a university program.(D) To convince local merchants to hire college students.40.(A) A job listing.(B) A resume.(C) A permission slip.(D) Their salary requirements.41.(A) Refine their interviewing techniques.(B) Arrange their work schedules.(C) Select appropriate courses.(D) Write cover letters.42.(A) They pay the same wage.(B) They involve working outdoors.(C) They can be substituted for college courses.(D) They are part-time.43.(A) A painter and a sculptor.(B) Paintings inspired by photographs.(C) Early photographic techniques.(D) The work of two photographers.44.(A) He photographed her house.(B) He gave her advice on photography.(C) He gave her advice on photography.(D) He gave her advice on painting techniques.45.(A) Painting.(B) Architecture.(C) Photographing.(D) Photographing people.46.(A) It is the only record left of the painting.(B) It is not an accurate representation of the painting.(C) It has become more valuable than the painting.(D) It was destroyed with the painting in a fire.47.(A) Irrigating desert areas.(B) Uses for cold seawater.(C) Techniques for preserving the environment.(D) The importance of conserving energy.48.(A) Produce larger vegetables.(B) Transport produce more quickly.(C) Grow crops in nontraditional climates.(D) Keep vegetables fresher for a longer period.49.(A) To transport water to higher elevations.(B) To provide air-conditioning.(C) To bring nutrients to the soil.(D) To adjust the soil temperature.50.(A) It is another possible use for seawater.(B) It is necessary for growing vegetables in hot climate.(C) It is used to cool water used for irrigation.(D) It is the primary use for electricity in the United States.。

90年1月托福听力文字1990年1月TOEFL听力文字PART A1. I must have left my keys at my sister's house.2. We need to arrive early for the graduation ceremony.3. Sarah spent twice as much time on computer as I do.4. Let's listen to what Robert has to say.5. I told you two to cut it out.6. No one in the world could you expect to find a harder worker than Lois.7. Dean Williams was invited by the college president to address the faculty.8. I'll have this finished in a little while.9. He's sick of his job.10. Framed posters make interesting decorations, don't you think?11. That's precisely the kind of camera I brought with me.12. If he 'd only give our quizzes back.13. I didn't mean to cause you so much trouble.14. It's fun to sit in the students' section at the football game.15. There will be someone at the airport to meet us, won't there?16. When will you ever learn!17. I don't recall locking my suitcase.18. To pay to see that movie would be foolish, when you can see it on television for nothing.19. I didn't know that both reports were due today.20. The classes should have shorter sessions.PART B21. M: Do you want the same cut as last time.W: The same on top, but I'd like it a little longer over the ears and in the back.Q: Where does this conversation probably take place.22. W: We are supposed to meet John here at the train station.M: That's like looking for a needle in a hay stack.Q: What does the man suggest about John?23. M: Did you say you were driving to town this morning?W: Yes, I had to get a check cashed to pay my bookstore bill.Q: What is the woman going to do in town?24. W: I'm thinking of take five courses next semester.M: Wouldn't four be wiser?Q: What does the man imply about the Courses?25. M: What are you working on so diligently?W: An editorial for the newspaper. If I miss the midnight deadline, it won't be printed until next week. Q: What is the woman trying to do?26. M: Have you seen the author's latest bestseller?W: I've just finished it, I really recommend it.Q: What does the man and woman discussing?27. W: You didn't have too much trouble doing that experiment, did you?M: It only took me most of the day.Q: What does the man and woman discussing?28. M: There are terrible light bulbs. I have to replace the one in this lamp.W: What about checking the wiring in the lamp.Q: What does the woman suggest?29. W: Where can I find a map of the university campus?M: Have you tried the information certre?Q: What does the man imply about the information office?30. W: could I hand in my paper a few days late?W: I'm afraid that's out of the question.Q: What does the woman mean?31. M: We've sure been having a lot of rain lately.W: Haven't we, ever.Q: What do we learn form the woman's response?32. W: I can't believe your room is such a mess.M: That's Joan's room.Q: What does the woman mean?33. W: did you get the part you tried out for in the play.M: That role was given to someone else, but I got a better part.Q: How does the man probably feel?34. W: A policeman saw you go through that red light.M: It was yellow. Anyway he turned left at the last cornor.Q: What will the driver probably do now?35. W: Thanks for the note you left for me.M: Oh, then you did get it.Q: What had the man assumed?PART CWelcome to Physiology 100. I'm Doctor Ann Roberts. I assume everyone here is a sophomore, since this is the Nursing Department second-year physiology course. If you are first-year nursing students, please see me after class about transferring into introductory course. Okay, I'd like to begin my first lecture by introducing two important terms, vitalism versus mechanism. How many of you have heard of these terms? Oh, I see some of you have. Well, vitalism and mechanism are two completelyopposite approaches to human physiology. According to the vitalist, the laws of physics and chemistry alone can not explain the processes of life. To the vitalist, there is a so-called vital force, and this vital force is totally separate from that of energy. As you may have guessed, vitalism is a kind of philosophical approach. Mechanism, on the other hand, is the view that all life phenomena, no matter how complex, can be explained according to chemical and physical laws. Since we can support mechanism through scientific experimentation, the modern scientist tends to be a mechanist. But vitalism is not totally dismissed, especially in fields such as brain physiology, where terms such as human consciousness haven't been defined yet in physic-chemical terms.I recently read an interesting article dealt with this very question. Is the mind separate from brain, or is the mind only the chemical and physiological workings of the brain? I'd like to continue with this next time, so that we can speak in more detail. I have some copies of that article. And I want you to take it with you and read it for next week.36. For whom is the lecture intended?37. When is this lecture given?38. How would a vitalist view the functions of the mind?39. What does the professor tell her students to do?W: Art Department, the treasurer Brown speaking.M: Hello, Professor Brown, my name is Frak Meloy. I'm thinking of taking your course in acrylic painting, and I'm calling to find more about it.W: Have you ever worked with acrylic paints?M: I've done very little painting at all. I'm a chemistry major, but I enjoy drawing and the course description says that any student can sign up. I assume that means that experience inpainting isn't necessary.W: Yes, that's right. We'll be using acrylic paints instead of oils because they are easier to handle and dry more quickly. Also, beginning students can get a good feel for what they can do with textures by working with acrylic paints.M: My roommate is also a chemistry major but he has painted quite a bit. If he signed up for the course, would he find it too easy?W: No, he could work on using techniques he already knows and applying them to principles of composition, color and design. There's something for everyone in this course.M: One more question: Do we need to bring our own brushes and paints to class?W: Yes, you can buy them at the bookstore. I'll provide drawing board and any other supplies that's necessary. I hope you decide to join us.M: It sounds interesting, I'll definitely register today.W: Fine. See you next Monday afternoon, Don't forget your brushes and paints.40. Who's the man?41. What does the man want to find out?42. According to the woman, what is one main advantage of the acrylic paints?43. According to the woman, what can beginning painters do with the acrylic paints？44. What night the man's roommate do in the course?45. What will the man do before the end of the day?Now I 'd like to talk to you about the final exam. The exam will be held next Thursday, the last day of the exam week. Remember to bring along two or three pens in case you run outof ink. Unlike the midterm, this test will not include multiple-choice questions. It'll consist entirely of essays. You'll have to answer three of the five essay- questions. The exam will be comprehensive, which means you'll be responsible for all of the subject matter we've covered in class. I would suggest you review your mid-term's as well as the text book and your class notes, The final will count for 50% of your grade in the course. The research project will count for 20%, and the mid-tern 30%. I'll be in my office almost all day on Tuesday next week. If you run into any problems, please fell free to stop in. Good luck with your studying, and I'll see you on Thursday.46. When will the exam take place?47. What should the students bring with them to the exam?48. What will be format of the exam?49. Why does the teacher call the exam comprehensive?50. When is this talk most likely being given?。