.
Unit 4
Astronomy: the science of the stars
Ⅰ .单词—在语境中默写，在联想中积累
[写得准 ]
[用得活 ]
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.fundamental
adj .
1.
(like) most people
基本的； 基
office who come
to
础的
in the
work by car, I usually come
2.astronomy
n .
天文学
3.crash vi .& vt . to work by bus.
碰撞；坠落 live
in a
4.system n . 2.We
系统；体系；制度 village,
but
this
5.theory n . (globe)
学说；理论 ’t mean that we all
6.atmosphere
doesn
n . 大气层；气氛
7.thus adv .
behave in the same way.
因此；于是
you believe
the 8.pull n ．& vt . 3.Do 拉 (力 ) ；拖；牵引力
Perhaps
they
9.float vi .& vt . of ghosts? (使 )浮动； (使 )漂浮
____ in the minds of
n . 漂浮物
only
some people.(exist)
10.harmful
adj . 有 害 的 →harm
night
we
had a
n ．害处 vt .对 有害
https://www.doczj.com/doc/563141230.html,st
discussion, which
became 11.violent
adj .猛烈的；激烈的；强
. Finally
暴的→ violence
more and more
n ．暴力→ violently
an agreement
adv .猛烈地；激烈地
we reached that
we will
never
use
12.puzzle
vt .& vi .(使 )迷惑；(使 )为难
n ．谜；难题→ puzzling
whatever happens.(violent)
adj .令人迷
was a
look
5.There
惑的→ puzzled adj .迷惑不解的
little girl ’ s face
13.unlike
on the
prep .不同；不像→ like ( 反
a
义词 ) prep .像→ dislike because
v ． & n ．不
喜欢
________problem
her.(puzzle)
14.exist
vi .存在；生存→ existence
n ．存在
6.Playing computer games
will not only do
to
15.globe
n ．球体；地球仪；地球
→global
your physical health, but it
adj .全球性的；全世界的
________ to your
16.religion
is also
n ． 宗 教 ； 宗 教 信 仰
→religious adj .宗教的
mental health.So there is no
in advising you to
give it up.(harm)
[积得多 ]
1. 与“太空”有关的高频单词集锦
① astronomy n ．
天文
学
② astronaut n . 宇航员
③ gravity n . 万有引力
④ satellite n . 卫星
⑤ orbit n . 轨道
⑥ spaceship n . 宇宙飞船
⑦ universe n . 宇宙
⑧ launch vt . 发射
2.各种“碰撞”聚焦 ① crash v ． 碰撞；
坠落
② bump n ． & v . 撞；碰撞 (声 )
③ collide v . 碰撞；相撞
④ collision n . 撞击；碰撞
⑤ run into
撞上 ⑥ knock into 撞上
3.un-
前缀高频形容词全接触
① unlike 不像的
② unable
不能 的
③ unacceptable 不能接受
的
④ unbelievable 不可相信
的
⑤ uncertain 不确定的 ⑥ unclear
不清楚的
⑦ uncomfortable 不舒服
的
⑧ unfair 不公平的
Ⅱ .短语—在应用中记牢，在归纳中记多
[写得准 ]
[用得活 ]
[积得多 ]
.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/563141230.html,y_eggs 下蛋 1.Do remember to 短语荟萃
3.give_birth_to 产生；分娩 watch_out_forcars while
① watch out (for) 小心；当
4.in_one ’s_turn 轮到某人； crossing the street.
心( )
接着
2.Cheer_up!You
must ② look out 当心 5.watch_out_for 密 切 注 believe in yourself and you
③ take care 小心
意；当心；提防
will get success.
④ be careful
小心
6.cheer_up 感到高兴； 感到 3.Pleasetell mewhen
2. “阻止/ 禁止某人做某事” 振奋
Mr.Smith is arriving at
the
的多种表达
7.depend_on 依靠；取决于 train station so that I can
(1) 阻止某人做某事
8.break_out
突发；爆发
pick him up in_time.
① prevent sb. from doing 9.prevent_..._from 阻止；制 4.At last the firefighters put
sth.
止
out
the
fire
in the ② stop sb. from doing sth. 10.block_out
挡住 (光线 ) supermarket,
which
③ keep sb. from doing sth. 11.get_the_hang_of 熟悉； broke_out at
ten
this
(2) 禁止某人做某事
掌握；理解
morning.
④ prohibit sb. from doing 12.now_that
既然
5.You ’ve made me suffer in sth.
the
past,
so
now
you, ⑤ ban sb. from doing sth. in_your_turn,_suffer ⑥ forbid sb. from
doing
again ！
sth.
Ⅲ .句式—在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
[背原句 ]
[记句式 ]
[会仿用 ]
1.This produced a chain reaction,
这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找到
一份好工作。
which made it possible for life to
句中的 it 是形式宾语，真正
girl
knows
three
foreign develop .
The
的 宾 语 是 不 定 式 短 语 to
which
这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命 develop 。
languages,
makes_it_easier_for_her_to_find a
就有可能开始发展了。
good job.
2.But when I tried to step forward,
杰西卡付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，
I found I was carried twice as far “ ...
倍数as ＋＋形容词 / 副词
所 以 我 相 信 她 这 次 能 成 功 。 Jessica
as on the earth and fell over. 原级＋ as ...”是倍数表达法devoted 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被 之一，意为“ 是 的多 three_times_as_much_time_and_ener 送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球 少倍”。
gy_as she did before, so I believe she 上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
will succeed this time.
3. “ Oh, dear ，” I cried,
“ walking
does need a bit of practice now “既然；由于”， 既然它对我们的好处如此多，为什么不试
that g ravity has changed.
now that
”
一 试 呢 ？ Now_that_it_benefits_usso “天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改 引导原因状语从句，有时 that 可以省略。
much, why not have a try
？
变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练 了。”
第一板块 | 核心单词归纳集释
1 ． harmful adj .有害的
[经典例句 ] Experts point out
that fruit juices can be harmful to children
’s
teeth.
专家指出果汁可能损害儿童的牙齿。
① Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very
(harm) to their health. 有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。
2 ． exist vi . 存在；生存
[教材原句 ]
They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140
million years.
它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
(1)There exists ... 某地有 ；存在
(2)existence n . 存在；生存
come into existence
产生；成立；开始存在
① There_exists a generation gap between the young and the old.
青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。
② You can ’t imagine what
difficulty they have existing on the money he ’s
earning.
你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。
③ Scientists
have many theories about how the universe first came into
(exist) ．
关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。
[ 名师指津 ] exist 是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
3 ． puzzle vt .使迷惑；使为难
n ．谜；难题； ( 游戏的 ) 猜谜
scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难
题之一。
(1)puzzle about冥思苦想；苦苦思索
(2)a puzzle to sb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(3)puzzling adj .令人迷惑的
puzzled adj .迷惑不解的；困惑的
be puzzled about对迷惑不解
② Where the lost boy has gone still remains puzzle to us.
丢失的男孩去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。
③ His last paintings are perhaps the most,_which even all the artists.(puzzle)
他最后的一批画作也许是最让人困惑的，这些画作甚至使所有的艺术家们都非常困惑。
[ 单词集成训练 ]
Ⅰ .基础点全练
1．单句语法填空
① I can say that it is the most(violence) film that I have ever seen.
② The festival of this year has been a great success,(like) the year before when it rained non-stop.
③ The conversation was carried on a harmonious and friendly atmosphere.
④ As the old saying goes, it is easier to pull than to build up.
⑤ Her(puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what
I said.
⑥ The driver lost control of the car on the slippery road and crashed a truck.
Ⅱ .重难点多练
1． exist 全方位
(1)单句语法填空
① There(exist) a good way to solve the(exist) problem at present.
③ As is known to us, the Republic of China came into(exist) as an independent country in 1949.
2． harmful面面观
(1) 用所给词的适当形式填空
① As we all know, a bad eating habit is(harm) to one’ s health.
② As far as I ’ m concerned, there is no(harmful) in making an apology to
him first.
第二板块 | 短语句型归纳集释
1． in time及时；终于；总有一天
(1)in no time立刻；马上at a time每次；一次
at the same time同时from time to time有时；偶尔
2 ． in one’ s turn轮到某人；接着
in turn依次；轮流；反之；相应地
by turns轮流；交替地
take turns to do sth.轮流做某事
It is one’ s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
It turns/turned out that ...结果
3 ． cheer up(使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋
4 ．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as
on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因
而我摔倒了。
twice as far as ...是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是的两倍远”。as far as ...“远到”。
英语中常见的倍数表达法有：
A ＋ be ＋倍数＋ as ＋adj ./ adv . 原级＋ as B
A ＋ be ＋倍数＋adj ./ adv .比较级＋ than B
A ＋ be ＋倍数＋ the ＋名词size/weight/length ...＋of B
A ＋倍数＋ what 从句，表示“A是的多少倍”。
① The red ruler is three times as(long) as the yellow one.
＝The red ruler is three times longer (long) than the yellow one.
＝ The red ruler is three times the(long) of the yellow one.
这个红尺子是黄尺子的三倍长。
5．“ Oh dear”，I cried,“ walking does need a bit of practicenow_that_gravity
has changed.”
“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
now that“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句。在语义上相当于since ， that在口语
中可以省略。
[ 短语句型集成训练]
Ⅰ .基础点全练
① Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer,_hoping to make his parents
less worried.
② The two girls are so alike that strangers find difficult to tell one from the other.
③was needed at that time, she told me, was some good luck.
④ Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week its turn.
⑤ I had meant to call you, but was prevented doing so.
Ⅰ .单句语法填空
1． I could feel the wind(gentle) blowing through my hair, it was a warm
summer breeze.
2． Watch out sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.
3． The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times
(big) than the present one.
4． As we know, getting angry not only does harm one ’ s health but also has a bad effect the relationship between people.
5． It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe in
yourself.
6． He failed the exam and I didn’ t know how to cheer him.
7． After several years of practice, I think I will finally get the hang spoken English.
8． All theories come from practice and turn serve practice.
9． Sometimes he found very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see
the doctor.
10 ．There were many fish(float) in the river because of the serious pollution.
Ⅱ .单句改错
1．There is so much rain on the island that its annual rainfall reaches as many as
sixty inches.
2． You ’ ll succeed on time because you are always working hard.
3． Do you know when the Marriage Law came into an existence？
4． We recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happened.
5． The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere that his
employees enjoy their work.
6． The twin brothers stood under the tree, puzzling and saying nothing.
练 ( 一 )英语知识运用·组块专练——练准度
Ⅰ. 完形填空
The other day I was having a meal in an Italian restaurant when I got a phone
call from a long lost friend. In my excitement I talked slightly __1__ than usual and in
Spanish, my mother tongue. A few minutes into the __2__ the lady sitting at the table beside mine got up, seemingly __3__ ， and asked the restaurant staff to find
for her another __4__ as far away as possible from me. I __5__ in my seat out of embarrassment, feeling the __6__ to go over and apologize.
I looked around and __7__ the lady was alone and staring out the window at the
table furthest away from me. I was about to stand up when it hit me that she might
prefer not to be __8__. Right then I __9__ my plans for a conventional apology and
decided to conduct an experiment. Seeing those __10__ smile cards in my wallet I
took one out. On signing my restaurant check I asked my waiter to __11__ charge
the lady ’ s meal to my credit card and __12__ her a smile card instead of her bill.
When I was __13__ I told the staff I would be back in a few hours to pick up my
credit card and close the bill. I returned later as I promised, excited to learn the __14__ of the experiment. To my pleasant surprise, things __15__ the best possible
way. The restaurant staff happily approached me, telling me that in the many times
she had had dinner there before __16__ had they seen the old lady smile and laugh
like she did __17__ receiving the smile card and the D|S0 __18__. She thanked the
staff __19__ they explained that someone else did the job.
To top it off, the staff asked me about the smile cards so as to conduct their
own __20__. It was an interesting, fun experiment which may hopefully result in many more.
1． A.better B． more C． faster D ． louder
2． A.call B．speech C． quarrel D ． saying
3． A.tired B．worried C．annoyed D ． confused
4． A.chair B． table C． room D ．space
5． A.hid B． lay C． sank D ． took
6． A.chance B．urge C． pity D ．mistake
7． A.spotted B． told C． heard D． recognized
8． A.attracted B． watched C． noticed D ．disturbed
9． A.had B． made C．abandoned D ． refused
10 ．A.funny B． useless C． expensive D ． strange
11 ．A.instantly B． secretly C． slightly D ． freely
12 ．A.draw B． buy C． drop D ． hand
13 ．A.going B． arriving C． leaving D ． walking
14 ．A.outcome B． effects C．rules D ．situations
15 ．A.worked out B． turned out C． went out D ． figured out
16 ．A.ever B． even C． still D ．never
17 ．A.on B．to C． at D ． with
18 ．A.gift B． note C． check D ． expense
19 ．A.unless B． because C． as though D ． even though
20 ．A.shops B．experiments C． businesses D ． restaurants
Ⅱ. 语法填空
What should you do if you are not able to sleep? The best thing is to try to
avoid bad habits. __1__ you always go to bed and get up at about the same time,
this sets a __2__ (health) rhythm in your life. Don ’ t drink caffeine drinks in the evening. Smoking and alcohol can also keep you awake. You may have trouble __3__
(sleep) if you have a heavy meal just before you go to bed.
You may also find it difficult __4__ (get) to sleep if you have a problem or something else on your mind. This is __5__ you need to relax. As you lie in bed, tense the muscles in your feet and then relax __6__. Continue up the body, tensing
and relaxing the muscles until you reach the head. Start with the feet again if you
are still tense. If you __7__ (think) about a problem or about something exciting that
is going to happen the next day, get up and write about it. That will help to take it
off your mind. You can also get up and read, but be sure to choose __8__ book that
is not too difficult. __9__ ， you may get so interested that you won ’t want to go to sleep even when you feel sleepy. Sleep well! Sweet __10__ (dream)!
练 (二) 第Ⅱ卷强化增分·组块专练——练规范
Ⅰ .语法填空
Most Americans don ’ t like to get advice from members of their family. They
get advice from “ strangers ”When. they need advice, they __1__ (rare) go to people they know. Instead, many of __2__ write letters to newspapers and magazines __3__ give advice on many different subjects __4__ (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, and even on how to buy a house or a car.
Most newspapers regularly print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are answers written by people who __5__ (suppose) to know
how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, and others are lawyers or __6__ (educate). Among the writers, two women are famous. __7__ they
have no special training for this kind of work, they can give the readers suitable
advice because they are rich __8__ life experience and good at communicating with others. A survey was done last year about why people __9__ (turn) to strangers
for help and why the two women were well-received. Most people interviewed in
__10__ survey said this way could help protect their privacy and the advice from the
women was practical and effective.
Ⅱ. 短文改错
Last Saturday, our school had organized an activity to visit the children at a local orphanage. As one of the volunteer, I took part in it. We took many books as
well many kinds of school supplies and toys to the children. They were delighting to
receive the gifts. In the morning, we played some games with them when we used
to play in our childhood. Then we cooked and had lunch here. In the afternoon, we
gave them some performances. Before leaving the orphanage, we had photos take
with them and gave them our contact details so that they could keep in touch with
one another. Each of us had a happily time. We gave the children our care and help,
but in return, they gave us their smiles and love.
Ⅲ. 书面表达
近年来，人们对中国传统节日的关注程度日益下降，而洋节日却越来越受到人们的追捧。
你们班就这一现象进行了热烈讨论，请用英语写一篇短文。要点如下：
1.有助于吸收外来文化，促进跨文化交流；
赞成的理由
2.有些节日具有教育意义，如母亲节、感恩节等
1.外来文化入侵，特别是宗教节日；
反对的理由
2.失去对中国传统节日的兴趣
个人观点
注意： 1.词数 100 左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Nowadays, western festivals such as Christmas and Valentine ’ s Day are becoming more and more popular in China. Whether we Chinese should celebrate these festivals has raised a heated discussion.
Great European Cities PARIS Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. One of the world’s largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. The city is also located in Paris. The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres. About two-thirds of France’s artists and writers live in Paris. BARCELONA Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometres east of the Spanish capital, Madrid. One of Barcelona’s most famous landmarks is the Church of Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926. The church hasn’t been finished yet! FLORENCE Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred ears. During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. Many of Florence’s most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches and museums. The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city. ATHENS Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilization. Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the world’s most powerful city. Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period. Greece’s best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their work has influenced other writers ever since. The Human Development Report In the year 2000, 147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier. From this agreement came the Human Development Report. One of the most important sections of this report is the Human Development Index. This examines the achievements of 175 countries. The Index measures a country’s achievements in three ways: life expectancy (how long people usually live), education and income. The index has some surprises. Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. The other top five countries are: Iceland(2), Sweden(3), Australia(4), the Netherlands(5). The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list. The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone(in West Africa) at the bottom of the list. The report describes eight Development Goals. The most important goals are to: Reduce poverty and hunger; Make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11; Fight AIDS and other diseases; Improve the environment of poor people, e.g. make sure they have safe drinking water; Encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries. The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of successful development. For example, in nine years, China increased life expectancy by 13 years. In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the challenges are still great. Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa. Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water. However, in other regions of the world, e.g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.
精选5篇高一英语知识点总结 一. 直接引语和间接引语 (一)直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放 在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将 引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指 示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。 1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过 去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进 行时，等等。例如： Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.” →Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化：根 据意义进行相应的变化，例如： She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his. (二)直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。直接引语如果是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if;如果是特殊疑问句，则用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked，可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。如： She said,“Is your father at home?” →She asked me if/whether my father was at home. “What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me. →My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
. 个性化教学辅导教案 学员姓名：任课教师：所授科目：英语 学员年级：上课时间：年月日时分至时分共课时
3.在一般现在时中，句中有be动词或情态动词时，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not，一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。 4.在一般现在时中，句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn’t)，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用do+not (don’t)，一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。 动词+s的变化规则 1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 一般现在时基本用法介绍 【No. 1】一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的构成 1. be动词：主语be(am,is,are) 其它。如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语行为动词( 其它)。如： We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 【No. 2】一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。 否定句：主语be not 其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be 主语其它。
小学英语必考40个重要知识点！ 2015-11-30 1.现在进行时 表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作，常与now,listen,look等词连用，结构是主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing. 如：It is raining now. 外面正在下雨 It is six o’clock now. 现在6点了 My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room. 我父母正在客厅看报纸 Look!The children are having a running race now. 看！孩子们正在赛跑 问句将be动词移前，否定句在be动词后+not. 2.一般现在时 表示经常反复发生的事情或动作，常与often, usually, sometimes, always,every day(week year…) on Sundays等词连用。 结构是主语+动词原形；当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时，动词后加s或es. 如：We have an English lesson every day. 我们每天都要上英语课 Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do. 男孩比女孩跑的快吗？是的 ，后面动词一定要还原。 问句借助于do, does否定句借助于don’t,doesn’ｔ 3.一般过去时 表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态，常与just now; a moment ago; … ago;yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。 结构是主语+be动词的过去式（was;were）或主语+动词的过去式。 注意：be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。 如：My earphones were on the ground just now. 我的耳机刚刚还在呢。 Where were you last week? I was at a camp. 你上个星期去哪了？我去野营了 What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm
高一英语人教版必修三-全册课文原文 Unit 1 Festivals around the world FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Festivals of the dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In
高中英语易错知识点总结（内部资料） [1.定语从句在什么情况下用whose引导] whose 用于代替"表示人或物意义"的先行词，在从句中作定语， 往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。 Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。 例如： Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ? 你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？ Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor. 沸点在摄氏100度的水无色、无味。 [2.定语从句引导词that和which的区别] 定语从句中的8种情况:只能用that引导 1.在从句中为了避免与疑问词who重复时 2.从句修饰词被the one修饰时 3.从句修饰词被含有人和物的名词时 4.从举所修饰词被everything,anything,something等不定代词修饰时 5.从句所修饰词被all ,more,any等不定代词修饰时 6.从句所修饰的词又被the only ,the very(强调语气)the last,the same 修饰时 7.从句修饰的词又被叙述词修饰时 8.修饰的词被形容词最高级修饰时 [3. Turn的几个短语] turn down 不接受,把...调小 turn into sth. 转变 turn off 关闭, 使...停止
turn on 打开,是...开始 turn out 终于成为... turn out a light关灯 turn over 把...翻转 turn up到达 以上的turn均为动词词性 in turn逐个的 take turn at sth.=take it in turns to do sth.逐个做某事turing转弯口 以上的turn为名词词性 [4.几个道路的区别] way 范指一切的路 path 人或动物踩踏而成的小径 street两旁有建筑的 road供车辆行驶的 highway 公路 [5.几个旅游的区别] journey指有明确方向的,长途的,陆路的旅行,通常比较辛苦. travel范指旅行 voyage多指海路或空间的长途旅行 trip短距离的.又回到出发地的. tour巡游 [6.bed的用法] n.[C]
小学英语知识点汇总 目录 第一章词汇分类集中复。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。2第二章常用短语汇总。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。5 第一节动词短语。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。5第二节介词短语。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。6 第三节特殊疑问词。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。7 第四节缩写词。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。7 第五节时间词和短语。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。7 第六节常见介词。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。8 第七节时间介词at、on、in的用法。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。8 第三章日常用语。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。8 第一节小学生口语100句。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。8 第二节英语日常用语。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。9 第三节日常用语分类。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。12 第四章主要问句汇总。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。14第五章常用词性。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。17第一节名词。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。17 第二节冠词。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。22 第三节介词。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。27 第六章常见介词（连接词）的用法。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。32 系动词B e的用法。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。32 第二节Do的作用。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。33 第三节介词for的用法。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。34 第四节With的用法。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。34 第五节Some与any的用法。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。35 第六节How many与how much的区别与用法。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。36 第七节H ave和ha s的用法。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。36第八节Do和does的用法。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。36 第七章重要句型。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。37 第一节一般疑问句。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。37 第二节特殊疑问句。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。38
小学常见英语变化规则必背 名词变复数的规则： 1、一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s”,如map→maps, bag→bags等； 2、以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词加“es”,如bus→buses, watch→watches等； 3、以辅音字母＋y结尾的词,变y为i加es,如baby→babies等； 以元音字母＋y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数,如monkey→monkeys, holiday→holidays, 4、以o 结尾的名词变复数时： （1）加s的名词有（无生命）：photo→photos ,piano→pianos, radio→radios, zoo→zoos （2）加es的名词有（有生命）：potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes 5、以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时： 去掉f, fe 加ves的名词有： knife→knives wife→wives 6、特殊情况 不规则变化 1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意：由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women， 如an Englishman，two Englishmen。 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans； 2）单复同形， 如:deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese 等。 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如： people police等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman 动词原形变第三人称单数的变化规则 （1）大多数动词在词尾加“s” 如：stop－stops；make－makes；read－reads；play－plays （2）以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es” 如：fly－flies；study－studies；worry－worries （3）以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es” 如：teach－teaches；watch－watches （4）以“o”结尾的动词,加“es” 如：go－goes ；do－does 动词ing变化规则 动词加ing的变化规则 1.一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3.如果末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
Unit 5 CANADA- “THE TRUE NORTH” A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH” Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting. Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. He was going to take them and their baggage to catch “The True North”, the cross-Canada train. On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip. “You’re going to see some great scenery. Going eastward, you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you’re in Canada’s warmest part. People say it is Canada’s most popular cities to live in. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.” That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats. Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede. Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes. After two days’ travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty. At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country. They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. In fact, it has one-third of the world’s total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes. That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto. “THE TRUE NORTH” FROM TORONTO TO MONTREAL The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada. Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy city in Canada. They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city. They went up the tall CN Tower and looked across the lake. In the distance, they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. The water flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea. They saw the covered stadium, home of several famous basketball teams. As they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said, “Lin Fei, one of my mother’s old schoolmates, lives here. I should phone her from a telephone booth.”
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 （一）限定性定语从句 1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：this is the book （which）you want。] 2 如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样。 （二）非限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非
一、词类 1、名词 （1）不可数名词都默认为单数，用“is” （2）可数名词复数变化规则： 2、动词 3、形容词：主要修饰名词或代词，“......的”。 4、副词：主要修饰动词或形容词，“.....地”，变副词一般+ly，如loudly、happily、well（good） 5、代词 （1）人称代词和物主代词：动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。 （2）指示代词：指近处this（这个）-these（这些）;指远处that（那个）-those（那些） 6、冠词：a、an、the an：用于元音音素（一般a、e、i、o、u）前。 the：表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 7、数词 基数词：表示数量，如 one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten． eleven，twelve， thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen， seventeen，eighteen， nineteen．twenty ,thirty ,forty ,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety. a hundred,a thousand,a million,a billion,one hundred and one. 序数词：表示顺序，如first (1st) ,second (2nd) ,third (3rd) ,fourth (4th) ,fifth (5th) ,sixth (6th),seventh (7th) ,eighth (8th),ninth (9th),tenth (10th).... 二、重点考点 1．+动词原形 can、 let’s、do（do、 does、 don’t 、doesn’t、did\didn’t）、please、should、will、to后。 want to +动词原型， would like to + 动原， forget to + 动原， it’s time to + 动原。 2．+动词ing like/go + 动名词（V-ing）如：like eating ； go climbing ； go swimming ； go shopping ；
小学六年级英语 一、26个英文字母的书写 二、跟字母对应一起的单词 apple（苹果） banana（香蕉） cat（猫） dog（狗） elephant（大象） flower（花） goat（羊） horse（马） ice cream（冰淇淋） jellyfish（水母） kangaroo（袋鼠） lion（狮子） monkey（猴子） noodles（面） ox（牛） pig（猪） queen（皇后） rabbit（兔） snake（蛇） tiger（老虎） umbrella（伞） violin（小提琴）
watermelon（西瓜）box（盒子）yellow（黄色）zombie（僵尸） 三、句型 1、This is my leg. 这是我的腿。 Is this your leg? Yes, it is. No, it’s not. 这是你的腿吗？是的，是。不，不是。 leg（腿）foot（脚）mouth（嘴）arm（胳膊）hand（手）ear（耳朵）head（头）face（脸）eye（眼睛） 2、What color is it？ 它是什么颜色？ It’s … 它是… rainbow（彩虹）white（白色）black（黑色）green（绿色）orange（橙色）blue（蓝色）purple（紫色）red（红色）brown（棕色）gray（灰色）pink（粉色）yellow（黄色）
语法点：am is are（是） I（我）, we（我们）, you（你，你们）, they（他们）she（她）, he（他）, it（它） I 只能用于am， we ，you，they，用于are， she，he，it用于is， 比如： I am an apple. 我是一个苹果。 You \we \they are a banana. 你是一个香蕉。 She\he\it is a cat. 她\他\它是一只猫。 3. This is my d esk. 这是我的课桌. That is your desk. 那是你的课桌. Is this your desk? 这是你的课桌吗？ Point to the desk. 指向课桌。
Unit 1 Festivals around the world FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Festivals of the dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. Festivals to Honour People Festivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Y uan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. Harvest Festivals Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes. Spring Festivals The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.