2018年考研英语完型填空深度解析
一、大纲考查要求
“英语知识运用”（完型填空）多项选择题在新大纲中规定为20题，共10分（详见表1）。在一篇240-280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的四个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
本部分主要考察考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考察考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。这种题型旨在测试考生运用所学过的语法知识和词汇以及通过上下文的逻辑关系等，进行综合填空的能力，要求考生既要有扎实的语法知识基础和丰富的词汇量，又要有较强的阅读能力。考生在这一部分进行解题时，必须灵活运用自己所掌握的所有英语知识，并且能够融会贯通。
英语知识运用测试要点及方式：部分为考生提供的信息指导性语言测试要点题型题目数量计分答题卡种类英语知识运用（10分）1篇文章(240～280词)英语词汇、语法和结构完形填空多项选择题（四选一）2010答题卡1（机器阅卷）
二、命题规律
完型填空的文章结构最常采用总分对照型。此种结构对于整篇文章而言，是通过总述句概括出文章的中心思想，然后由分述部分对中心主线展开详细描述。因此文章的首句或首段就是中心句（topic sentence），做题时一定要特别重视。
完型填空的文章体裁以说明文和议论文为主。完形填空所选的短文多是观点鲜明、条理清楚的说明文或议论文，所涉及的多是科普、经济、历史、社会、文化、教育等，具有一定时代感、现实性或科学性的文章。如：1998年：对英国工业革命的看法；2003年：青少年的身心教育；1999年：劳动安全措施；2004年：青少年犯罪；2000年：农业经济；2005年：人类嗅觉的灵敏度；2001年：新闻立法；2006年：美国无家可归人口问题；2007年：殖民地国家独立后的改革；2008年：人类智能。2009年：聪明的代价。考生如果平时多读这一类文章，积累多方面的词汇和背景知识，就能很容易地弄清文章的大意和逻辑关系，为做题打下良好的基础。
三、能力考查
根据教育部考试中心编辑出版的《全国硕士研究生入学考试分析》，完型填空对考生具有以下能力要求：
1、巩固、扎实、熟练的英语语法知识和丰富的英语词语知识
当前英语中的完形填空试题，并不直接地去考查语法知识。但是，解答试题的前提是读懂文章，而读懂文章就必须懂得语法。所以，完型不直接考查语法知识，并不是不需要语法知识，它是通过检查你的理解程度，来间接地考查你的语法知识。一个人的英语语法知识越丰富，阅读速度就越快，理解就会更为全面、深刻。
2、英语阅读理解能力，良好的阅读习惯，熟练的阅读技巧
特别是快速阅读理解能力，甚至是跳过一些词语（空格），浏览文章，掌握大意的能力很重要。完型填空试题是为阅读理解服务的，其主旨是考查阅读理解能力。对文章内容理解得越全面、越深刻，就越容易选择正确答案。而这种阅读理解能力是靠平时的练习得来的。
3、分析认识文章结构，理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间逻辑关系的能力
只有明白文章结构，了解各段落之间的关系，才能加深对文章的理解，也就更容易把握有空格的句子所需要内容，就更容易选准答案。
4、逻辑思维能力，特别是总结概括、推理判断和分析归纳的能力
这些能力的发挥，有助于抓住文章的主题思想，加深对文章深层次意义的理解，从而更容易完成“完型”的任务，恢复文章的原貌。
5、在阅读中捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力
在选择每一个答案时，我们要求依据文章的整体内容，这就要照顾文章的方方面面，不能顾此失彼。特别是一些结构词，如but，however，therefore，though等等，更要给予特别的注意。但是，我们在做题的实践中，不可能总是重复地阅读文章。这就需要对关键内容、关键词语的记忆能力。
四、考点分析
(一)考点紧紧围绕着语篇
综观近年的考题，我们发现，完型填空不是要考词义辨析、固定搭配、语法等孤立的知识点，而是从语篇的角度综合测试考生对文章的理解能力和对基础知识的运用能力。也就是说，考生的语感及其对整篇文章的理解程度在做题中起到了至关重要的作用。请看下面的例子：
The roughly 20 million __1__ of these nations looked __2__ to the future. (2007
2)
A.confusedly
B.cheerfully
C.worriedly
D.hopefully
空格处填入的副词修饰动词短语looked to，look to the future表示“展望未来”；confusedly意为“迷惑地，混乱地”；cheerfully意为“欢快地”；worriedly意为“忧心忡忡地”；hopefully意为“怀有希望地”。上文提到很多殖民地已经成为独立的国家，再结合下文提到的freedom, new nations, sovereign等，可以推断出这些国家的居民对于未来应该是“充满希望地”。所以选D项hopefully。
因此，考生在做完型填空题时，切忌只见树木，不见森林；抛开语篇孤立地看句子的做题方法是绝不可取的。
(二)定语从句、同位语从句、倒装句、比较句与平行结构是语法考查的重点
近年来，完型填空专门测试语法的题目不多，重点在词汇及对上下文的理解上，但我们发现，完型填空一旦考语法，就一定是与定语从句、同位语从句、倒装句、比较句或平行结构有关。例如：
Concerns were raised49witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to50guilty verdicts.(2001年49)
A.what
B.whenV.whichD.that
本题显然考查同位语从句，空格后面是concerns的同位语，表明其具体内容。四个选项都可以引导同位语从句，但是that引导同位语从句时，不在同位语从句中作句子成分。从句意来看，这个从句中成分齐全，因此选that。另外，为了避免由于从句太长而使句子头重脚轻的现象，同位语从句没有直接跟在concerns的后面。
因此考生要特别关注这几个语法现象，并能将其吃透。
(三)在上下文中的认词、辨词能力是词汇考查的重点
对词汇的测试在研究生入学英语考试中应该说是无处不在的，它贯穿考卷的各个部分。在完型填空题中重点考查考生在上下文中认词和辨词的能力。近年来完型填空所设置的选项要求考生在掌握一定词汇量的基础上，通过大量阅读并具有一定的语感才能区分正确与错误。测试词汇引申含义的情况也越来越多。例如：
Concerns were raised49witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories
in court to50guilty verdicts.(2001年50)
A.assure
B.confide
C.ensure
D.guarantee
空格需要填入一个动词与guilty verdicts（定罪决定）搭配。Assure后面一般接某人，表示使别人确信,如I can assure you of its quality.(我可以向你保证它的质量。)；confide后接某事，意为吐露，托付，如he confided his troubles to a friend.(他向朋友倾述烦恼事。)：guarantee表示“保证”时多接褒义的名词，如guarantee a good crop(保证了好收成)；ensure意为“保证，担保”，强调对某行为有把握，所以正确答案为。
由此可见，考生仅仅学会大纲词汇表中的词或词组是远远不够的。应意识到，处于考研阶段，记忆单词不能只限于一词一义，一词一用。只有经常对词汇进行同义、反义、近义、同形、同音等多种比较，细心观察不同上下文、不同搭配的各种含义、各种用法特点，方可对它们有比较深刻全面的理解，才能有把握地选择正确的意义和搭配。
(四)逻辑衔接题比重加大
从近10年的考题来看，逻辑衔接题的比重加大，尤其是近3年，表现得更加明显。这就对考生从整体上把握文章的内容，注意句际间的关系提出了更高的要求。
例：
More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure.(200434)
［A］contrarily［B］consequently［C］similarly［D］simultaneously
空前“更多的单亲家庭和双亲就业家庭”与空后“孩子们受到较少的监管”有明显的因果关系，consequently“因此，所以，结果”，故选［B］。［A］contrarily“相反地”；［C］similarly“类似地，同样地”；［D］simultaneously“同时发生地”，均与上下文语义不符。对于逻辑衔接词的选择，虽可以从句法的角度进行判断，但考查的实质是上下文中的逻辑关系。
五、解题步骤
第一步:重视首句,把握主题
完型填空文章的第一句话通常是没有空白的完整句子，而且第一句往往是文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)，或是含有主题词的句子，考生可以根据它来把握文章的中心思想，为下面答题奠定基础。
首先我们要知道英文的主题句的特点。一个有效的主题句应该有以下两个标准：
1.Topic：主题或议题。明确指示段落的内容，起到限定主题范围的作用。
2.Opinion：反映作者对待主题的观点、印象、态度，起到限定段落基调的作用。
知道了英文主题句的特点之后，我们在阅读完型填空文章的第一句话时，就不应该只是读懂其字面中文意思，而是要透过首句来预测文章的中心内容，为接下来做题把准方向。
第二步:速读全文，掌握大意
一旦开始做题，就应该根据自己抓住的线索快速做出反应，找出关键词，掌握全文大意。若有个别难题，暂时跳过或初拟答案，随着文章的空越来越少，全文的意思就会越来越清楚。
第三步：瞻前顾后，先易后难
完型填空所选的文章尽管比较短小，但它仍是一个意义相联的语篇，它围绕一个话题论述，在行文中词语重复、词语替代现象都不可避免。或者还会出现词语和意义相互定义或相互解释的现象，即同义定义或反义定义，所以我们在解题时应“瞻前顾后”，联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。通过做题，大家会发现有时可以通过上下文就找出难解词的定义或解释，有时甚至原文中的短语或单词就是答案。
第四步：重读全文，核对检查
由于选答案时讲求一气呵成，初选过后还应根据上下文对有疑问或把握不准的答案进行推敲。这时，应重读文章，从语义和逻辑的角度检查文章是否有问题，根据上下文调整答案。
六、解题方法
1.无关词排除法
完型文章一般都有非常明确的中心主线，且整个文章很紧凑，就是紧紧围绕着中心主线展开。因此，理论上正确的选项一定是紧扣文章的主题和中心主线的。故而，一些看上去明显和文章主题和中心主线毫无关系的选项基本上可以排除在正确答案之外。
2.同现
同现是一种词汇的衔接手段。完型文章由于常常有明确的中心主线，所以作者往往会使用一些重点词汇围绕着中心主线贯穿全文。同现实际上就是一组具有相同倾向性的词语，这些词语所表现的倾向性往往与中心主线中的导向一致，或者说这些同现词语的任务就是对文章的导向进行展开支持。因此，文章的整体导向这个已知线索可以成为解出这些同现词语的关键信息。
3.复现
复现是完型文章中词汇的另一种衔接手段，即表达相同意思的词汇在文章的不同地方出现。复现可以是相同的词重复出现，也可以是用不同的词表达相同的意思。复现的解题意义在于：如果判断出一个未知填空与上下文的那些已知词汇有复现关系，只要从选项中选出与那些词汇意义相同的就是正确答案。
4.关联
关联是完型文章中经常出现的一种结构，即将两个或两个以上的同类别词语，比如两个动词、两个形容词以连续排比的结构出现。在这种情况下，两个关联词汇在句子中的语法地位一样，且常常起一样的语法作用，之间又明显具有某种逻辑关系。关联的解题意义在于：出题人一般会将一个关联词语设置成已知信息，另一个是未知的，这样那个已知的词语便成为破解未知词语的关键线索。
5.时间线索
若完型文章中出现的时间信息一般都是非常有用的线索，因为只要通过分析这些时间线索就可以很快把握与这些时间线索联系在一起的信息之间的关系。
6.总分结构对照分析法
由于总分之间的基本关系是互相支持，互相印证的对照关系，而且总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开。当一些未知填空出现在总述句时，解出这些填空的相关联已知线索往往可以在与其对应的分述部分找到。
7.对应成分分析法
由于完型文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，句子的各个成分之间便形成一定的对应关系，考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分作为线索，通过对应的已知成分推断出未知填空的答案。
2016考研英语真题解析：完形填空终于看懂了 2016考研英语一的完形填空主题是关于“柬埔寨青年的结婚习俗”,内容好理解,题目也很简单,如果有同学最后不做而靠蒙的话,可就有点可惜了! 下面跨考教育英语教研室孟老师以2016年真题为例，为考生详细解析完形填空：Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family. The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__198 0s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ pray ers of blessing. Par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in h oly water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily ma rried and respected couples to bless the __11__. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife' s parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common. Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months. 1. A. by way of B. with regard to C. on behalf of D. as well as 2. A. decide on B. provide for C. compete with D. adapt to 3. A. close B. arrange C. renew D. postpone 4. A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example 5. A. Unless B. Less C. After D. Although 6. A. into B. within C. from D. through 7. A. or B. since C. but D. so 8. A. test B. copy C. recite D. create 9. A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying 10. A. passing B. lighting C. hiding D. serving 11. A. association B. meeting C. collection D. union 12. A. deal B. part C. grow D. live 13. A. whereas B. until C. for D. if 14. A. avoid B. follow C. challenge D. obtain 15. A. isolated B. persuaded C. viewed D. exposed 16. A. wherever B. whatever C. whenever D. however
考研英语完形填空三大技巧 导语：完形填空是考研英语中的一个大题型，攻破考研完型填空题型要从三个方面入手，分别是词汇、阅读以及完成完型填空的技巧。 一、词汇是基础 不止是完形填空，考研英语(论坛)学习的过程中，词汇都是基础。完型填空题型的攻克，是以掌握一定的词汇量为基础的。但是掌握词汇并不是仅仅是背过而已，是指能在答题时灵活运用。词汇量的提高并非是数字的简单推理，而应该是灵活应辨的能力。有些同学在记忆词汇的过程中，背熟了若干本考研词汇书之后仍然无法正确做题，并且在写作文的时候经常词义混淆。 很多同学在记单词的时候，会忽略背诵的质量。记单词的时候不要停留在单词的表面意思上，一定要结合例句和文章来理解。同时运用发散思维，记住了动词，遇到不认识的相关的名词、形容词、副词时就要往这个动词的意思上联想。词汇不是孤立的，建议同学们在学习的过程中，不要将词汇的学习和阅读分离开来。 二、阅读是方法 很多高分学员可能都会有类似的感触，单词没有记住，但是仍然得高分。其中的秘诀就是于他们的语感好。所以阅读能力的培养是很重要的。在答题中第一遍可以带着问题浏览全文，这就需要快速阅读的能力。在寻找问题的答案时，又需要又快又准的回到原文中，迅速定位。平时的复习过程中，应该在每个复习阶段，侧重不同的阅读力度。随着复习的深入，逐渐加大阅读量。尤其是快速阅读理解能力，甚至是跳过一些空格，浏览文章，掌握大意的能力。从一定意义上讲，完形填空试题是为阅读理解服务的，其主旨是考查阅读理解能力。 阅读的过程也是培养语感的过程。临近考研，可以多读读真题，把真题里的完形填空和阅读理解作为素材每天读几遍。到了考场上看到考题时就不会那么陌生。 三、技巧为捷径 一般完型填空做题的步骤是四步，看到文章后，先用一、两分钟时间快速浏览全文，把握中心。明了作者意向、态度。注意文章首末句，因为往往文章的中心句在其中。看懂它们会缩短你读懂文章的时间;结合文章空格精读，对于难于动笔的`空格先跳过，通读;串读全文，连贯通顺。对个别难句进行语言结构上的分析，结合你对文章的理解，逻辑推理出选项;最后通读，检查全文。 完型填空不是没有规律可循的。要学会掌握一种“顺藤摸瓜”的方法，也就是寻找线索。句子本身的线索主要指空格前后所要求的搭配、词汇的并列等;句子之间的线索主要指逻辑关系，如转折、因果、递进等;全文线索主要指文章的主题、作者的倾向以及词汇的同义复现，即作者在上下文中以不同的词表达同一意思等。所以要根据不同情况寻找不同线索，然后确定答案。
The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1 this is largely because,2 animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.In fact5,we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million. Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary.This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be.We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire. 1.[A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while 2.[A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides 3.[A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined 4.[A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking 5.[A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore 6.[A]even if [B]if only [C]only if [D]as if 7.[A]distinguishing [B]discovering [C]determining [D]detecting 8.[A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining [D]diffused 9.[A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas 10.[A]unusual [B]particular [C]unique [D]typical 11.[A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses 12.[A]at first [B]at all [C]at large [D]at times 13.[A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed 14.[A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient 15.[A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create 16.[A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless 17.[A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired 18.[A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice 19.[A]available [B]reliable [C]identifiable [D]suitable 20.[A]similar to [B]such as [C]along with [D]aside from
2008年考研英语真题——完型填空 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection. This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,13 hey also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 ave previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 ucation. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 is argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 em to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 ate of affairs. 1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased 2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare 3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against 4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately 5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence 6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk 7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects 8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question 9. [A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating 10. [A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total 11. [A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately [C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably 12. [A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers 13. [A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve 14. [A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile 15. [A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down 16. [A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing 17. [A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument 18. [A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined 19. [A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed 20. [A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuous
2021考研英语完型填空复习 如何复习完形填空?什么时候开始准备? 答：完形填空是考研比较难的一部分，从历年的平均分可看出，每年平均分都在5分左右，低于及格分。又由于完形填空所占分值不高，许多同学都选择避开，复习阅读时顺带复习完形，或者干脆不管，考试时“蒙一水”。这种做法有一定道理，毕竟完型较难，分值不多，就算投入大量时间和精力也不一定能保证多几分。但是，就算如此，完型也不能甩手不管，需要投入一定时间去准备，另外就是了解一些完形填空出题规律以及做题的技巧和方法，争取达到及格分以上。 复习完形建议以真题为参考，立足真题。把完形出现的固定搭配、固定词组整理出来，在你开始接触真题时就该复习完型。一般在9月后开始系统准备、做题为宜。 完形填空有没有做题技巧? 答：完形填空做题技巧历来都是备受同学青睐。对于这种提分不容易，分值比例又较低的部分同学们都倾向于用“技巧”解题。在此要提醒同学们，任何技巧都是建立在基础上的，技巧不能决定成败，但可起到锦上添花作用。同时，下面给大家分享一些技巧： A、完形填空的第一句话作为文章的开篇，告诉我们文章的主题，下面的内容都是围绕它展开，因此第一句都是完整的，我们也要紧抓第一句话，自己所做的选择都应与第一句的意思相一致。另外注意完形填空选的是最佳答案，而不是正确答案
B、学会利用红花绿叶原则做题。完形词汇分为红花词和绿叶词。红花词就是每次出现在真题里都会选;绿叶词就是屡次出现屡次不选。比如说however、although、yet、because等属于红花词。Since、nowthat、what、if only、in case等都属于绿叶词。根据往年经验，利用红花绿叶原则做题能做对2-5题，但同时也有失手可能，失手也是有原因的，因为和后面提到的原则矛盾了。 C、同义原则：在四个选项中，当两个或三个实词互为同义词时，答案往往在其中。当两个或三个虚词互为同义词时，往往都不选。当四个选项都有一个共同意思时，该意思往往不能入选。更多的技巧和原则可参见李老师授课内容。 完形填空选项答案有没有什么规律? 答：根据我们对历年完形填空真题答案的整理和总结，得到答案分布是有规律可循的：A、四个选项都是4-6个之间，四个答案是均匀分布的。B、一般而言，A答案较多(至少五个)C、没有连续三个答案都是一样的情况。D、在五个一组的答案里，至少要出现三个字母。
2015年考研英语（一）深度解析：完型 1. [A] what 【解析】此题考查疑问代词辨析：题干中过去分词短语published from the University of California and Yale University…作后置定语，修饰study，而真正的句子主干是That is 1 a study has 2 .简化后的句子可以让我们清晰地看出第一题要说的是研究study的具体内容是what，不是方式how，也不是原因why，更不是时间when。 2. [B] concluded 【解析】此题考查动词辨析：同第一题一样，根据简化的句子That is what a study has 2 来解题。题目选择的动词是说明study怎样才有了上面what表示的内容。所以此题选择concluded“推断;得出结论”。其他的动词据不符合要求。 3. [D] on 【解析】此题考查介词辨析：根据题干The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects的要求，所选择的介词能用在conduct“实施;进行”之后，又得和subject 搭配，所以这个题目应该选择on，构成on some subjects“关于某类主题”。 4. [C] compared 【解析】此题考查动词辨析：通过观察题干，我们发现第4题位于which引导的定语从句之内，作从句的谓语动词。Which修饰主句的主语study“研究”，如此补全定语从句就是： The study 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers…所以正确答案选择C。该项研究是对比所选择的两个样本。其他选项都不符合题意。 5. [C] samples 【解析】此题考查名词辨析：The same people were used in both 5 .通过观察题干，我们发现第5题空前的单词是both，表示“两者都…”。而上文中提到两者的只有“unrelated friends”和“unrelated strangers”，即这项研究的两个样本，所以答案选择C. samples“样本”。 6.[A] insignificant 【解析】此题考查形容词辨析和让步关系：题干While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist句首的While引导让步状语从句，同时提示我们逗号后和逗号前的内容形成一定程度上的对立关系，而且作者的表达重点位于逗号之后，1%的数量对于基因研究者来说影响程度很大。那么对于普通人而言这个数据就显得微不足道了。正确答案只能选择A。 7. [C] know 【解析】此题考查动词辨析和转折关系：题干Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin中说“大多数人甚至不他们的第四代表亲，但是尽量选择和亲属人作为朋友”。even“甚至”这一个词就提示我们应该本题只能选择know“了解，认识”，其他选项都不符合题目要求。 8. [D] resemble
2011年考研英语完形填空答案及真题解析(沪江完美版) Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as ―a bodily exercise precious to health.‖ But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. __6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___
2011年考研英语完形填空答案及真题解析 阅读提示：本次研究生入学英语考试的完形填空部分原文摘自《科学美国人》网站，原文标题是"How Humor Makes You Friendlier, Sexier" （幽默感为什么能让你看来更友善性感），是一篇标准的科学说明类型文章。下面就请大家对照原题和我们一起来看看这篇文章： Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But ---__1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. __6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. ___20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. For an hour or __16__ she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and __17__ a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. And then, with all the things she needed __18__ she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour __19__ she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows. One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look __20__ without feeling they had to buy something. Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped __21__ before a green armchair. There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours __22__ less than a pound a week,” and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.” A pound a week... __23__, she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! A voice at her shoulder made her __24__. “Can I help you, Madam?”She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her __25__. “Oh, well, no,” she said. “I was just looking.”“We’ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.” Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need, left the shop hurriedly. 16. [A] so [B] more [C] else [D] another 17. [A] taking [B] making [C] fixing [D] keeping 18. [A] buy [B] bought [C] buying [D] to have bought 19. [A] in a way [B] by the way [C] in the way [D] on the way 20. [A] behind [B] round [C] back [D] on 21. [A] doubted [B] wondered [C] puzzled [D] delighted 22. [A] at [B] for [C] with [D] in 23. [A] Why [B] When [C] How [D] What 24. [A] jump [B] leap [C] laugh [D] wonder 25. [A] place [B] back [ C] side [D] front
2006年考研英语完形填空真题解析 The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population. 1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can't possibly 2 . To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates 6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. 7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8 , one of the federal government's studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16 . Boston Globe reporter Chris Reedy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it. "There has to be 20 of programs. What we need is a package deal." 1.[A]Indeed[B]Likewise[C]Therefore[D]Furthermore 2.[A]stand[B]cope[C]approve[D]retain 3.[A]in[B]for[C]with[D]toward 4.[A]raise[B]add[C]take[D]keep 5.[A]Generally[B]Almost[C]Hardly[D]Not 6.[A]cover[B]change[C]range[D]differ 7.[A]Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that 8.[A]inflating[B]expanding[C]increasing[D]extending 9.[A]predicts[B]displays[C]proves[D]discovers 10.[A]assist[B]track[C]sustain[D]dismiss 11.[A]Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only 12.[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house 13.[A]searching[B]strolling[C]crowding[D]wandering 14.[A]when[B]once[C]while[D]whereas 15.[A]life[B]existence[C]survival[D]maintenance 16.[A]around[B]over[C]on[D]up 17.[A]complex[B]comprehensive[C]complementary[D]compensating 18.[A]So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus 19.[A]puts[B]interprets[C]assumes[D]makes 20.[A]supervision[B]manipulation[C]regulation[D]coordination 文章背景 本文主要介绍了美国社会中的无家可归者，以及他们目前的现状：他们的数量已经增长至地方政府对付不了的地步，需要联邦政府采取措施帮助他们重新获得自立。但是，许多无家可归者即使在解决温饱之后仍然游荡街头，这是因为他们要么酗酒或吸毒成瘾，要么患严