绝密★考试结束前
全国2013年7月高等教育自学考试
英语语法试题
课程代码：00831
请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。
一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）
Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. At the sight of a cute kitty, the baby gave a loud ______.
A. laugh
B. laughter
C. laughing
D. laugher
2. As it is a freezing cold day, the people that used to bank fish from ______ side of the river are nowhere to be found.
A. either
B. both
C. any
D. neither
3. It is true that ______ people living in today’s Shanghai are still fascinated by ______ Shanghai described in Eileen Chang’s novels.
A. the; /
B. /; the
C. the; the
D. /;/
4. The HR manager will have already finished her meeting before the new recruit ______ to her office.
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A. shall come
B. came
C. is coming
D. comes
5. If she ______ you, she would be happy to take two days off and have a good rest.
A. is
B. were
C. was
D. had been
6. The economist’s suggestion for the country was that it ______ on the development of an educational system available to everyone.
A. focused
B. focuses
C. focus
D. would focus
7. The criminal ______ finally in a house abandoned for years.
A. has located
B. was located
C. had been located
D. had located
8. The umbrella I put here just now is gone. Someone ______ it up by mistake.
A. might have picked
B. must pick
C. could pick
D. need have picked
9. I really appreciate ______ such comfortable shoes for me.
A. on your finding
B. you to find
C. for you to find
D. your finding
10. Rather than ______ the new and more powerful drugs, the scientist managed to persuade people to reduce their intake of antibiotics.
A. invent
B. inventing
C. to invent
D. invented
11. In an age of fuel shortage, green cars are obviously ______ superior ______ the cars that run on petrol.
A. more; than
B. more; to
C. /; than
D. /; to
12. In the apartment building lives a(n) ______ lawyer, who is working on a bribery case.
A. American brilliant young
B. young brilliant American
C. brilliant young American
D. brilliant American young
13. The boy took a look ______ his watch and knew his girl friend was late again.
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A. above
B. into
C. at
D. over
14. The singer receives an occasional letter from the young fan ______ he has set a good example.
A. who
B. that
C. for whom
D. to whom
15. Nobody can explain the reason ______ the project was abandoned two years ago and then renewed earlier this year.
A. by which
B. why
C. which
D. how
16. ______ you are young, you will be blessed with beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power.
A. So long as
B. Although
C. In case
D. In that
17. I noticed there ______ a pen, two notebooks and a knife stained with blood. But they are gone!
A. be
B. would be
C. was
D. were
18. Both air and water ______ what most creatures cannot live without.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
19. According to new data from the census bureau, one out of every four adults in Houston ______ have a high school diploma.
A. don’t
B. doesn’t
C. haven’t
D. would not
20. We think of ______ as an international practice not to interfere with other countries’ internal affairs.
A. ourselves
B. that
C. /
D. it
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非选择题部分
注意事项：
用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
二、填空题（本大题共28小题，共36分）
Section A: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.
（共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）
21. which, what, that, nobody, anybody, none
The old fur trader trapped some animals of ______ ______ of us had ever heard before.
22. what, which, that, the other, another, each other
Robots differ from auto machines in ______ after the completion of one task they can be reprogrammed to do ______ one.
23. concentrate, concentrated, concentrating, something, anything, nothing
Some ______ study each day is better than many study hours one day and ______ the next.
24. confess, confessed, to confess, severe, severer, severest
Whether he ______ or not, he shall face the ______ punishment.
25. brave, bravely, bravity, don’t to, doesn’t to, not to
She ______ convinced the attacker ______ commit crime.
26. obvious, obviously, obviousness, both, either, neither
It is ______ that television has ______ advantage and disadvantage.
27. What, When, Which, reach, reached, be reached
______ one is healthy in body and mind, it seems that any goal can ______.
28. was, were, be, lose, lost, losing
The police ______ busy searching the wood for a ______ child.
Section B: Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes or add something where necessary. （共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）
29. Looking into crime and violence in the United States is like ______ (open) the proverbial can of worms.
30. We must now ______ (conclude) with further aspects of lateral and vertical thinking.
31. I had a chance to go out with a friend who ______ (take) a climbing course before he entered
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the university.
32. When might a doctor ______ (choose) not to tell a patient the truth?
33. Salads are good for you and you ______ (not have) to cook them.
34. The workers ______ (build) the bridge this time last year.
35. It’s only natural ______ (think) that through humor two different cultures could find some common ground.
36. Children have a natural ______ (curious) about the world around them.
37. Attractive men are ______ (confident) than less attractive men.
38. Every man and woman, old or young, ______ (be) required to take the inoculation.
39. Mr. Smith is responsible ______ (hire) painters for the company.
40. When we listen, we actually ______ (listen) a purpose.
41. Pubs are places ______ (which) people of all ages and social classes mix to talk.
42. I’d like to have these ______ (fragile, porcelain, Chinese) vases sent by special delivery.
43. She rarely visits her parents these years, ______ (she) ?
44. It’s so noisy here. Somebody ______ (turn) down the radio.
45. As a Christian, Mary’s mother goes to ______ (church) every Sunday morning.
46. My younger sister has to practice ______ (play) piano for hours every day for she will take part in a competition next month.
47. I don’t know ______ (who) I ought to address the request.
48. The old worker is retiring and the factory needs a younger ______ (take) over.
三、改错题（本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分）
Correct one error in each of the following sentences.
49. Whole Newcastle was excited at the news that Newcastle United had won the championship of the National League.
50. I wish I have enough money to buy a big house in the suburbs of London.
51. My wife used to jog in the alley behind our house because she felt embarrassed to see jogging in public.
52. Look at the traffic jam. The road can be blocked not far from here.
53. Since our car has totally broken down, I’m afraid we’ll have to make to do with bicycles.
54. The new tenant in the flat was both suspicious and interested in his neighbors.
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55. He stole a book from the library, that was something unexpected.
56. The police finally caught up with the man whom they thought was the escaped prisoner.
57. He no sooner said it than he felt regretted.
58. If he will be found guilty, he will be deprived of the guardianship of his children.
59. The Stars and Stripes are flying from the flagpole in the square.
60. —Is John the right person for this job?
—I suppose is.
四、改写句子（本大题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分）
Rewrite the following sentences as required.
61. Turning the following statement into an exclamation:
It would be a disaster if they were to appoint his son.
62. Adding a suitable tag to the following statement:
Nothing could make me give it up.
63. Using a non-finite verb form:
He admitted that he had made the same mistake again.
64. Using a correlative coordinator:
Kathy was not satisfied with her own achievement or with the team’s performance.
65. Combining the two sentences by using a relative clause:
The policeman picked up the child. The child’s arm was broken.
66. Using a disjunct:
It is odd enough that he did not raise any objection to the plan.
67. Using a conjunct:
Most people can learn the basics of a craft quickly. They can learn to carve, weave or solder in weeks.
68. Using passive voice:
One has to sign the form in the presence of a witness.
69. Using extraposition:
How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.
70. Using a cleft sentence:
Queen Elizabeth, the daughter of Henry Ⅷ, finally led England to greatness as a merchant power.
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71. Using inversion:
There was a sudden gust of wind and his hat went away.
72. Rewriting the second sentence by using a cohesive device:
The child doesn’t like this book. Show him a more interesting book.
五、简答题（本大题共2小题，每小题4分，共8分）
Answer the following questions.
73. What are determiners? In terms of function, which two types can they break into? Give one example for each type.
74. Why are some verbs called non-finite verbs? How many types of non-finite verbs do we recognize? Give one example for each type.
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考研英语语法练习题【附答案详解】 1. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? —Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided. A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose 2. October 15th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget. A. when B. that C. what D. which 3. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. where C. which D. whose 4. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. where C. when D. what 5. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all. A. which B. what C. that D. when 6. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside. A. as B. when C. until D. before 7. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.
2007年4月全国自考现代英语语法试题和答案 一、单项选择题（本大题共21小题，每小题1分，共21分） to bed until 1. The general sent out word that no one in the bunker further orders.【】 A. will go B. would go C. was about to go D. was to go 答案：D 2. He violin when I want to sleep.【】 A. always plays B. play always C. is always playing D. always is playing 答案：C until yesterday.【】 3. James has just arrived,but I didn＇t know he A. will come B. was coming C. had been coming D. comes 答案：B everything else.【】 4. I only called the police when I A. tried B. was trying C. had tried D. had been trying 答案：C .【】 5. Mother wished I you what she A. didn＇t tell; said B. didn＇t tell; has said C. didn＇t tell; had said D. hadn＇t told; said 答案：D 6. Jean Wagner＇s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro American poetry is his insistence that it in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.【】
动词部分（第5,6,7,8章） 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. 1.2010040 2. My train is going to arrive at Shanghai at about eight o’clock tonight. The plane I’d like to take from there ______ by then. ( ) A. would leave B. will have left C. has left D. had left 2.2010040 3. The young man who has applied for the post ______ in the general manager’s office.( ) A. is interviewing B. is being interviewed C. to be interviewed D. had been interviewed 3.2010040 4. It is essential that all the exam papers ______ back before the end of the term. ( ) A. must be sent B. are sent C. will be sent D. be sent 4.2010040 5. ______ for my illness, I would have got the job in the Disneyland. ( ) A. Not being B. Without being C. Had it not been D. Not having been 5.2010040 6. The car ahead of me suddenly stopped by the roadside. I think it ______ out of gas.( ) A. may run B. may have run C. must run D. should have run 6.2010040 7. The teacher won’t mind ______ the term paper. ( ) A. us to delay handing in B. our delaying handing in C. our delaying to hand in D. us delay to hand in 7.20100408. All the tasks ______ ahead of time, they decided to have a dinner party to celebrate.( ) A. have been finished B. had been finished C. having been finished D. were finished. 8.20100702. It seems that oil ____ from the tank for some time. We’ll have to take the oil tank apart to see what's wrong. （） A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking 9.20100703. A great deal of research _____ into the possible cures to AIDS in recent years.（） A. is done B. was done C. has been done D. will be done 10.20100704. Gone ____ when the Chinese people had to struggle to make a living and to worry about lack of food all day. （） A. the days B. are the days C. have the days D. the days have 11.20100705. Sometimes I wish I ____ extraordinary power to make all the impossible possible.（） A. have B. had C. have had D. am having 12.20100706. I've tried several times today, but the line is always busy; someone ____ the telephone. （） A. should be using B. must have been using C. must have used D. must be using 13.20100707. It's no use ______ the result of the exam; it's already finished. （） A. worrying about B. to worry about C. to worrying about D. having worried about 14.20100708. With so much noise outside, the speaker had to raise his voice to have himself____.（） A. hear B. heard C. to be heard D. to hear 15.20110402. The child ought to have a rest; she ______ the piano for nearly three hours. ( ) A. had practiced B. is practicing C. has been practicing D. practices
考研英语十二大基础语法体系 对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 （一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异： 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。英语就不同了，book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。 （二）英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1)动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后， 或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表：
即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如：weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。 态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。 比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中，动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中，所以叫现在进行时； 在“They have done their exercises.”这句中，动词由原形do 变成have done的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态，所以叫现在完成时； 在“They always do their exercises.”中，动词用原形do 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此，所以叫一般现在时。 在这三句话中，动词do 虽然用了不同的形态，其意义没有变化，而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。 （三）时态详解 16个时态中，常用的有12个：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。 下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。
2010年4月全国自考现代英语语法真题 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. 1:参考答案：A 试题内容：That definition leaves___for disagreement. A:much roomB:a small roomC:many roomsD:a big room 2:参考答案：B 试题内容：My train is going to arrive at Shanghai at about eight o’clock tonight. The plane Id like to take from there___by then. A:would leaveB:will have leftC:has leftD:had left 3:参考答案：B 试题内容：The young man who has applied for the post___in the general managers office. A:is interviewingB:is being interviewedC:to be interviewedD:had been Interviewed 4:参考答案：D 试题内容：It is essential that all the exam papers ______ back before the end of the term. A:must be sentB:are sentC:will be sentD:be sent 5:参考答案：C 试题内容：___for my illness, I would have got the job in the Disneyland. A:Not beingB:Without beingC:Had it not beenD:Not having been 6:参考答案：B 试题内容：The car ahead of me suddenly stopped by the roadside. I think it___out of gas. A:may runB:may have runC:must runD:should have run 7:参考答案：B 试题内容：The teacher won’t mind___the term paper. A:us to delay handing inB:our delaying handing inC:our delaying to hand inD:us delay to hand in 8:参考答案：C 试题内容：All the tasks___ahead of time, they decided to have a dinner party to celebrate. A:have been finishedB:had been finishedC:having been finishedD:were Finished 9:参考答案：A 试题内容：What he has done is___what I have done. A:superior toB:more superior toC:superior thanD:more superior than 10:参考答案：B 试题内容：Mary earns___as Jane does, but she spends less money on cosmetics than Jane. A:twice so muchB:twice as muchC:as much twiceD:so much twice 11:参考答案：C 试题内容：We’ll discuss a___issue before we move on to the problem of our major concern. A:lessB:moreC:lesserD:most12:参考答案：A
英语语法总结全集 名词和主谓一致 一、名词的分类 英语中名词主要可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词 可数名词一般都有单复数。单数时，名词前可加不定冠词a/an；复数时，前面可加数词，名词本身要改成复数形式。 可数名词的复数有规则和不规则两种变化。规则的名词，只要在单数名词之后加“s”，“es”或去“y”加“ies”就行，如：an umbrella, twelve umbrellas；a factory, three factories。不规则的名词变化则要靠积累记忆，如：a mouse, ten mice；a policeman, six policemen。 有少数可数名词，如sheep，works（工厂），Chinese等，它们的单复数同形：a sheep, four sheep；a chemical works, five chemical works。 此外，还有一些可数名词只有复数形式，如clothes，trousers，cattle，police，people(人，人民)等。 英语名词中还有一些合成词，它们的复数形式有三种可能：1）后面的部分变成复数形式：grown-ups，boy students，grandchildren。2）前面的部分变成复数形式：passers-by，lookers-on，sons-in-law。3）前、后都变成复数形式：men doctors，women drivers。 2．不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数的变化，前面也不能加a/an，或数词。但是我们可以用量词来表示不可数名词的数量，单复数表现在量词上，如：a piece of paper；two pieces of paper。 在有些情况下，不可数名词也可用a/an，表“一种”、“某种”的意思，如have a wonderful time，receive a good education，be made into a fine paper。 有时为了表示量大，不可数名词的后面也可加“s”，如sands，ashes，waters等。 但是我们在学习不可数名词的时候，特别要记住英语中有一些名词，它们无论在什么情况下，前面都不能用a/an，后面也不可加“s”，如weather，information，等。 3．有的名词既可是可数名词，也可是不可数名词 英语中有相当一部分的名词，既可以是可数，也可以是不可数，它们的意义有时略有不同，有时则完全不同。如：difficulty, success, time, work，paper，glass，等。 4．用于表示可数与不可数名词的数量“多”“少”的常用词和词组 跟可数名词连用的如：few, a few, many。 跟不可数名词连用的如：little, a little, much。 可数与不可数都能用的是：a lot of , plenty of。 二、主谓一致 1．通常被看作单数的主语部分 1）不定式、动名词和主语从句。 eg.. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said was different from what he did. 2）表示“时间”“距离”“金钱数量”的名词。 eg. Twenty years is quite a long time. 10 kilometers doesn’t seem to be a long distance to Mira. 300 dollars is too much for this old coin. 3）数学式子。 eg. Two plus five is seven. 4）书报杂志、国家、单位的名字。 eg. The Times is published daily. The United States is a big country. 5）前面用a kind of, a sort of或this kind of, this sort of等词组的名词。 eg. This kind of tree(s) often grows well in warm weather. 6）代词either, neither作主语。
名词和名词短语（2） 限定词和属格 4.1 限定词 Determiner 在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指，类指以及表示数量等限定的词。 Determiners refer to the words which are used in the pre-modification of a noun phrase which typically precede any adj. that pre-modify the head word. 限定词和形容词区别 Difference between Determiner and Adjective 1.前置限定, 限定词在形容词前面.Determiner usually precede adj. in pre-modification. 2.限定词的选择受中心词影响而形容词不受。The choice of Determiner is determined by the head word but not that of adj. 3.形容词表明中心词的特征，而限定词限定中心词的意义数量。Adj. describe the head word by showing its characteristic while determiner determine the head word by identifying or quantifying. 4.形容词可位于中心词后，而限定词不可。 Adj. can post-modify the head word but not Determiner. 5.形容词有比较级而限定词没有(除few, little, many much 外) 。 Adj. has comparative form but not Determiner （except few, little, many much ）. 4.1.2 Co-occurrence of Determiners Determiner may co-occurrence in the pre-modification of a noun phrase: two or more determiner may modify one and the same head word. Each determiner takes a fixed position , we identify their relative positions in the case of co-occurrence. 定义 考点1 定义
本次语法串讲分三个部分，第一，方法篇；第二，命题特点分析；第三，重点章节复习。 第一、方法篇 自学考试英语专业《英语语法》科目是一门理论性和实践性都非常强的课程，旨在考核考生能否熟练掌握现代英语语法的基本理论和概念，掌握词的形态变化和用词造句的规则，以及组句成篇的一般形式和规律。 由于存在着英汉语言体系上的差异、教材的全英版和术语的生僻、语法本身乏味枯燥等外部因素，以及考生英语基础知识薄弱、精读和泛读的阅读数量尚未达到一定量因此不能将一些语法规则变成感性认识加以推演和归纳、甚至还有同学有畏难情绪，一旦跟不上就放弃，或者偷懒，不愿多做一些练习和多记一些概念解释，结果仅以一、二分之差没有及格，令人扼腕。 但是有志者事竟成，这句名言还没有过时。我们举几个成功的例子吧。 我教过的学生中有人刻意让自己爱上语法，首先，她克服困难，把全书通读一遍，可是有那么多不懂的单词和术语怎么办？她问我。我说，把它们暂时放在一边，然后通过例句猜测该词的含义，结果既记住了概念又结合了例句，相辅相成，直到掌握。 比如：什么是extraposition？这个词是由extra－（在……之外，额外）加position（位置），联想到appositive phrase（同位短语），appositive clause （同位语分句）等，那么从该词的外形上可以判定extraposition是“位置放在外围”。 它出现在我们教材中的《信息结构和强调》一章中，我们知道，突出强调信息的几种主要方法（postponement, fronting，inversion， cleaving，existential sentence）之一的后移又有三种后移的方法：passive voice, extraposition and discontinuity。从课本上我们看到这样的例句：To make fun of a disabled man is not funny at all. It is not funny at all to make fun of a disabled man. He found it annoying that his neighbor kept calling him by the wrong name. 你注意到这里有it出现在句中做形式主语和形式宾语，真正的主语和宾语在句末，然后，结合解释“When we re move a clausal subject or object to the final focal position, we use the anticipatory it to fill in the slot. Grammatically speaking, it is the formal subject or object while the extraposed clause is the real or notional subject or object. In function, the extraposed item can be subject or object; in form it can be finite or non-finite. 后移的结果就是满足了末尾重心（end-weight）的原则，达到强调的效果。
现代英语语法 第三章名词、代词和数 3.0引言 简单来说，名词就是表示一个人地点事物事件或者想法的名字的词。名词是语言的重要组成部分，由名词作为主要构成要素的表达，比如a knockout,honesty和the possibility都叫做名词词组，每个名词词组有一个关键成分叫做中心词。（knockout,honesty,possibility），前面还有一个附属成分叫修饰语（a,the） 名词词组可根据外部功能和内部结构来进行分类。 典型的名词词组的结构如下，括号里的部分可能会出现，但并不是一定出现。 （前置修饰语+）中心词（+后置修饰词）。 名词词组的中心词很明显是名词或代词，可带有前置修饰语或后置修饰词，修饰语可为从字到句子的各种不同的层次，如： they people the people the old people people old and sick people in hospital all the sick people in hospital people to receive treatment people receiving treatment people who are receiving treatment etc. 在英语的实际应用中，名词词组结构的变化要受某些因素如中心词的词性、修饰词的结构及修饰词顺序的影响。 就功能而言，名词词组主要可以做主语，宾语，补语和修饰语，有的名词词组甚至可以做状语： The whole building is on fire.（主语）整个大楼都着火了。 I sold my car to my neighbour.（宾语）我把车卖给了我的邻居。 The lump in my chest has melted as I think about her display of love.（主语；宾语）一想到她的爱，我不再哽咽了。 A friend in need is a friend indeed.（主语补语）患难见真情。 You can call me John.（宾补）你可以叫我约翰。 I don't mind if you do it after school.（介词补语）我不介意你放学后是不是干这件事。 He rides a mountain bike.（修饰语）他骑了一辆山地自行车。 He was here yesterday,I'm sure.（状语）我肯定他昨天在这儿。 3.1名词分类 名词有各种各样的分类，可分为具体名词和抽象名词，也可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，还可以分为有生命的名词和无生命的名词。 名词可以根据意思和形式分类，根据意思，名词可以分为两类，专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是特定的人，地点或者事物的名称，拼写时首字母大写，普通名词则是一类人，事物或者抽象的想法的统称，普通名词又可以进一步的划分为个体名词，集体名词，物质名词和抽象名词。从形式上看，名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有复数，并可以与数字连用，带有限定词，而不可数名词则是只有一种形式的名词，使用时可以不带限定词。
2016年4月全国自考《现代英语语法》真题 (总分100, 考试时间90分钟) 1. Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. The Niagara Falls_______long been a popular tourist destination, boosted by a number of movies. ( ) A have B having C had D haven't 答案:A 解析：山脉、瀑布、岛屿等地理名词常常被当作复数。这些名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数，如the Alps，the highlands，the Himalayas，Niagara Falls等。答案为A。 2. There is nothing more wonderful in the world than swimming with a_______of fish around you. ( ) A sack B sheet C staff D school 答案:D 解析：本题考查单位名词。a school of fish一群(小)鱼，很多，a school of＝a lot of。答案为D。 3. There are stores on_______sides of the square. ( ) A both B every C each D all 答案:D 解析：the square(广场)是四面的，所以排除仅指两边的both。选项B和C后跟单数名词。答案为D。 4. You have not at all read my points carefully and_______the same mistakes. ( ) A continuously repeat B continuously repeated C are continuously repeating D continuously repeating 答案:C 解析：现在进行体和表示高频率的副词always，constantly，continually，continuously，all the time等连用时，失去了表示暂时性的语义含义，而经常被用来表示一种独特的习惯。答案为C。 5. Then you will come to a level plain, in which the Nile ____ round an island named Tachompso. ( ) A flows B flow C is flowing D flowing 答案:A 解析：表示客观事实用一般现在时。句意为：然后你会来到一个平坦的平原；在那里，尼罗河环绕一座名叫Tachompso的岛屿而流。答案为A。 6. He _______ hurt last year early in the playoffs and never came back. ( ) A got B were
《英语语法》串讲讲义 课程介绍 一、课程性质 《现代英语语法》是高等教育自学考试英语专业（本科段）的一门选修课，主要面向具有相当于英语专业本科二年级以上水平并有志参加高等教育自学考试英语专业（本科段）考试的学生。《现代英语语法》理论与实践并重，既是一部语法理论著作，有宏观的理论概述，对英语语言结构作了比较系统的描写。又可作为教学参考书，它根据教学要求精选语法项目、设计篇章结构，有取有舍，自成体系，既有知识性，又有实践性。本教程中例子丰富，在历年试题中直接从教材中选择的例句数量相当多，这就要求学员在学习的过程中能确实看懂例子，能真正理解理论并能把理论应用于实践。 二、教材的选用 《现代英语语法》课程所选用教材是全国高等教育自学考试指定教材，该书由李基安主编，外语教学与研究出版社出版。 三、章节体系 为了便于各位学员复习应考，我们的串讲严格按照教材章节来讲。共十六章，每章主要以哪种形式命题以及哪些是高频考点我在讲解的什么都会提到，以帮助大家在以后的复习中做到有的放矢，迅速抓住重点内容，以取得事半功倍的效果。 考情分析 一、历年真题的分布情况 根据对《现代英语语法》近5年考题（注：全国每年统考：4月，有些省份7月还有一次，浙江省每年10月份也有语法考试）分析，可以看出哪些部分是全书的重点章，具体看下列表格中的黑体。
二、题型分析 《现代英语语法》的考试题型包括五种：单项选择题、填空题、改错题、改写句子、简答题。 根据对近5年的试题进行分析，可以发现题型有变化，但总的题量没变，仍然是74个题目。 09年4月前（含09年4月）共7大题型： 一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 二、选择填空题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分） 如：21. were, was, had, animal, animals Small amounts of land ________ used for keeping ________. （该例选自0904） 三、填空题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） A. Fill in the blank with assertive, non-assertive or negative words: 29. I think I’ve lost that green scarf of mine; I can’t find it ________. B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb or verb phrase given: 34. It is time we ________ (think) about drawing up a detailed plan for the project. 四、改错题(本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分) 五、改句（本大题共13小题，每小题2分，共26分）Rewrite the following sentences as required. 六、名词解释（本大题共2小题，每小题2分，共4分）Define the following terms with examples. 七、简答题（本大题共3小题，每小题2分，共6分）Answer the following questions. 10年4月开始（含1004）共五大题型： 一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 二、填空题(本大题共28小题，共36分) Section A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.（共8小题，每小题2分，共16分） Section B. Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes where necessary. （共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 三、改错题（本大题共l 2小题，每小题1分,共12分） 四、改句题（本大题共1 2小题，每小题2分，共24分） 五、简答题（本大题共2小题，每小题4分，共8分） 从以上题型变化分析，我们可以看出1004把09年4月（前）的第二、三题合成了一个大题，并且少了名词解释的题型，因此总的题型少了两个。 学员答题时要注意以下两点：
自考《现代英语语法》总结 Chapter One 1.What are the four major types of sentence and what discourse functions are they normally associated with? Statements are normally associated with declaratives and primarily concerned with giving information. Questions are associated with interrogatives and primarily concerned with requiring information. Commands are associated with imperatives and primarily concerned with requiring actions. Exclamations are associated with exclamatives and primarily concerned with expressing the speaker’s impression of something. 2.What are the verbs which transferred negation often occurs with? What is their shared semantic feature? The verbs which transferred negation often occurs with are: think, believe, suppose imagine and expect. They are the verbs that express “opinion”. 3.Explain the differences between a tag question with a final rising tone and one with a final falling tone. With a rising tone, the question expresses the speaker’s neutral expectation of the hearer’s response and invites the hearer to verify the truth of the proposition in the statement. With a falling one, the speaker asks for the hearer’s confirmation of the statement. It can be regarded as similar to an exclamation. Chapter 4 4.Can the definite article be used for generic reference and the indefinite article for specific reference? If they can, give one example for each use. The definite article can be used for generic reference. For example, the panda is a rare animal. The panda here still denotes the whole species. The indefinite artic le can also be used for specific reference. For example, a dog chained at me when I was on my way home last night. Here a dog points to a particular, actual example of the class. Here “a”shows indefinite specific reference. 5.What are some of the constraints that the double genitive is subject to? The second noun in the double genitive almost always refers to persons, never to objects, and the first noun usually has indefinite reference (typically premodified by the indefinite article and the second noun is always definite.) Chapter 5 6.Why do most contemporary English grammarians adopt a two-tense system? Because tense is a verb form. Morphologically only present tense and past tense have their forms of verbs. A language which has no verb forms has no tense. 7.If tense is related to time, what is aspect related to? When ten points to the temporal location of an event or a state of affairs, aspect “reflects the way in which the verb action is regarded or experienced with respect to time.” 8.Why is the past tense often used for politeness? Because the past tense can make a question or a statement or a suggestion less direct. It is more polite to use the past tense on the part of the speaker.