VOA慢速讲解:治疗中风时间的新发现
Battling a Stroke,and the Clock
This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
Strokes are a major cause of death and disability.A stroke is a loss of blood flow in the brain.There are two kinds.An ischemic stroke happens when a blood vessel in the brain gets blocked.A hemorrhagic,or bleeding,stroke happens when a blood vessel breaks.
People are more likely to die from a bleeding stroke.But ischemic strokes are more common,and doctors may be able to treat them.
A drug called tPA can break up blood clots.But traditional guidelines say not to use tPA if more than three hours have passed after the first signs of a stroke. There is a risk that giving a patient a strong blood thinner during a stroke can cause bleeding inside the brain.The longer the wait,experts say,the more likely that the risks of treatment will outweigh the benefits.
But recent findings have suggested that tPA may be effective in saving brain tissue even if three to four and a half hours have passed.
Some studies have failed to produce clear evidence to support treatment after three hours.But scientists reported that the evidence was stronger when they combined the results of the four major studies done so far.The new findings appeared in the journal Stroke.
The researchers said tPA improved the chances of a successful result by
thirty-one percent and produced no change in the death rate.
Maarten Lansberg at the Stanford University medical school in California worked with scientists from Belgium and Germany.One of them worked for a company that makes tPA for use in Europe.The United States National Institutes of Health paid for the study.
If you think someone is having a stroke,you should seek help immediately.The warning signs usually appear suddenly.These include trouble walking, weakness especially on one side of the body,difficulty seeing and difficulty speaking.
Yet people who seem healthy can suffer a stroke without even knowing it.A study published in Stroke last year involved about two thousand people with an average age of sixty-two.Brain imaging showed that nearly eleven percent of them had suffered what is known as a silent stroke.
The researchers reported a link between silent strokes and a condition called atrial fibrillation.This is the most common cause of abnormal heartbeat in older adults.Other risk factors for a silent stroke are high blood pressure,heart disease,diabetes and tobacco use.
And that's the VOA Special English Health Report.For more health news,go to https://www.doczj.com/doc/5b6277897.html,.I'm Steve Ember.
中风是导致死亡和残疾的重大原因。中风主要是由于大脑缺血，主要分为两种：脑部血管阻塞时发生缺血性中风。另外一种是出血性中风，发生在血管破裂时。
出血性中风导致死亡的可能性更大。但是缺血性中风更常见，医生可能病人进行治疗。
一种叫做tPA的药物可以分解血块。但是传统的指导方法表示，如果出现中风症状已超过三小时就不要再服用tPA。
如果在病人中风期间注射血液稀释剂容易造成大脑内出血。专家表示，等待的时间越长，治疗的风险就比好处更大。
但是最近的研究结果表明，即使已经过去3-4.5个小时，tPA仍然能够有效的拯救脑组织。一些研究没有提供中风三个小时后进行治疗仍然有效的明显证据。但是科学家报道称，如果将最近进行的四项主要调查结合起来就能够找到更加充分的证据。最新的研究结果发表在《中风学杂志》上。
研究人员称，tPA将治疗成功的可能性提高了31%，而死亡率则没有变化。
加利福尼亚斯坦福大学医学院的Maarten Lansberg与来自比利时和德国的科学家一起进行了研究。其中一人就职于制造tPA的公司，该公司的药物主要供给欧洲的使用。美国国家卫生院为这项研究提供资金。
如果你认为某人中风，应该立即寻求帮助。预警症状通常会立即出现，包括行走困难，身体一侧微弱，视力和讲话出现问题。
但是，即使是看上去很健康的人也有可能在完全不知道的情况下发生中风。去年发表在《中风学杂志》上的一项研究对平均年龄62岁的2000人进行了调查。脑电图显示，接近11%的人曾经发生过无声中风。
研究人员报道了无声中风和心房纤维性颤动之间的联系。这是年长人群出现心跳异常最常见的原因。造成无声中风的其他风险因素包括高血压，心脏病，糖尿病和抽烟。
1.disability n.无力,无能,残疾
例句：His disability prevents him from holding a job.
他的伤残妨碍他就业。
Blindness is a very serious disability.
失明是非常严重的残疾。
2.vessel n.血管,导管
3.guideline n.指导路线
例句：Accounting practice needs certain guidelines to action.会计实践需要行动指南。
4.outweigh vt.比…为重,比…重要,比…有价值
例句：The advantages outweigh the drawbacks.
优点胜过缺点。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5b6277897.html,bine v.使结合,使联合;兼有,兼备;使化合
例句：The allies combined their forces.
同盟国把他们的兵力联合起来。
He combines theory with practice.
他结合理论与实践。
6.abnormal a.不正常
例句：We do not think such an abnormal phenomenon will last long.
我们认为这样的反常现象不会持续很久。
1.People are more likely to die from a bleeding stroke.
die from/of因某事而死
例句：He died from an overdose of barbiturates.
他因服用过量巴比土而死亡。
2.A drug called tPA can break up blood clots.
break up打碎,破碎,分裂,结束,衰落,分解,变坏,驱散
例句：Police were called in to break up the meeting.
出动了警察将集会驱散。
3.But recent findings have suggested that tPA may be effective in saving brain tissue even if three to four and a half hours have passed.
even if即使,尽管,纵然。引导让步状语从句
例句：Don't let down even if the going is good.
即使在顺利的情况下也不要松劲。
4.These include trouble walking,weakness especially on one side of the body, difficulty seeing and difficulty speaking.
have difficulty doing sth做某事有困难
例句：I have difficulty remembering names.
我不易记住人名。
VOA慢速讲解:胡佛水坝:有趣的旅游景点
Hoover Dam,Finished in1936,Is Still a Hugely Interesting Place VOICE ONE:
This is Bob Doughty.
VOICE TWO:
And this is Steve Ember with EXPLORATIONS in VOA Special English.Today we tell about Hoover Dam.It was the largest and most difficult structure of its kind ever built when work started in nineteen thirty-one.
(MUSIC.
VOICE ONE:
Our report today about Hoover Dam must begin
with the Colorado River.This river made the
dam necessary.The Colorado River begins high
in the Rocky Mountains.It begins slowly,during
the dark months of winter.Heavy snow falls on
the Rocky Mountains.
The snow is so deep in some areas that it will stay on the ground well into the hot days of summer.But the snow does melt.Ice cold water travels down the mountains and forms several rivers-the Gila River,the Green River,the Little Colorado,the San Juan,the Virgin and the Gunnison rivers.
These rivers link together and form the beginnings of the Colorado River.The Colorado River flows through,or provides water for,the states of Wyoming, Colorado,Utah,New Mexico,Arizona,Nevada and California.Then it crosses the border into Mexico.
VOICE TWO:
The Colorado River has always been extremely powerful.The river created the huge Grand Canyon.The violent water cut hundreds of meters deep into the desert floor of Arizona.The Grand Canyon is proof of the power of this great river.
The Grand Canyon was cut into the desert floor beginning thousands of years ago.But the power of this river has been demonstrated in more modern times. Between nineteen-oh-five and nineteen-oh-seven,the Colorado River caused great amounts of flooding in parts of Arizona and California.Huge amounts of water ran into a low area in the dry,waterless desert that had once been an ancient lake.In two years of flooding,the Colorado River filled the ancient lake. That lake is called the Salton Sea.Today,it is about fifty-six kilometers long by twenty-five kilometers wide.It is even larger in years of heavy rain.
VOICE ONE:
The flooding that created the Salton Sea also flooded homes,towns and farming areas.Many people were forced to flee their https://www.doczj.com/doc/5b6277897.html,ernment leaders knew they had to do something to prevent such floods in the future.
In nineteen eighteen,a man named Arthur Davis proposed building a dam to control the Colorado River.Mister Davis was a government engineer.He said the dam should be built in an area called Boulder Canyon on the border between the states of Arizona and Nevada.
VOICE TWO:
Building the dam would not be a simple matter.The people of seven states and the people of Mexico needed and used the water of the Colorado River.Much of that area is desert land.Water is extremely important.Without water from the Colorado River,farming is not possible.Without water,life in the desert is not possible.
On November twenty-fourth,nineteen twenty-two,officials signed a document in Santa Fe,New Mexico.That document is called the Colorado River Compact. The document tells how the seven states would share the water of the Colorado River.It was agreed this could be more easily done with the aid of a https://www.doczj.com/doc/5b6277897.html,ter an agreement was signed with Mexico to supply it with water from the Colorado River.
(MUSIC.
VOICE ONE:
The area chosen for the dam was called Black Canyon.The walls of Black Canyon rise almost two hundred forty-three meters above the river.An ancient volcano formed the rock in Black Canyon.Engineers decided the rock would provide a good strong support for the proposed dam.
However,the area also presented problems.The nearest railroad was sixty kilometers away.There was no electric power.And,in the summer,the temperature in the desert in Black Canyon could reach as high as forty-eight degrees Celsius.
A great deal of work was done before operations started on the dam.Workers built a town called Boulder City to house employees working on the dam.They built a large road from Boulder City to the area of the dam.They built a railroad from a main line in Las Vegas,Nevada,to Boulder City.They built another railroad from Boulder City to the dam area.And they built a three hundred fifty kilometer power line from San Bernadino,California.This provided electric power to the area where the dam was being built.
VOICE TWO:
The work on the dam began in April of nineteen thirty-one.Workers called"high scalers"were some of the first to begin building the dam.They were suspended from ropes as they used heavy air-powered hammers to break any loose rock away from the face of the canyon walls.When they could not use hammers, they used dynamite.One high scaler became very famous.His name was Arnold Parks.He caught another worker who had fallen off the top of the canyon.
Mister Parks held the worker to the wall of the canyon until others came to help. Today,visitors can see a statue of the men who worked as high scalers to build Hoover Dam.
The high scalers worked on the sides of the canyon.Other workers dug huge tunnels deep in the floor of the canyon.This was done to permit the Colorado River to flow away from the construction area.This had to be done so the floor of the dam could be built.
On June sixth,nineteen thirty-three,workers poured the first load of a building material called concrete.Men in two special factories worked day and night to make the concrete building material for the dam.
Huge equipment moved millions of tons of rock and sand.In the summer months,the terrible desert heat slowed the work but did not stop it.Men who worked at night on the dam suffered less,but the heat was still as high as thirty degrees Celsius.
VOICE ONE:
Slowly the great dam began to rise from the floor of the canyon.From the canyon floor it reaches two hundred twenty-one meters high.Workers poured the last of the concrete on May twenty-ninth,nineteen thirty-five.They had used almost four million cubic meters of concrete in the dam.Workers also used more than twenty million kilograms of steel to strengthen the concrete in the dam.
VOICE TWO:
The work was dangerous for the more than five thousand men who worked on the structure.The extreme temperatures,falling objects and heavy equipment caused accidents.The workers were provided with medical care and two emergency vehicles to take them to a new hospital in Boulder City.However, ninety-six men lost their lives during the building of the great dam.
The companies building the dam had been given seven years to complete the work.They did it in only five.The dam was finished on March first,nineteen thirty-six.
Other work now began.This work would make the dam into one of the largest producers of electric power ever built.The dam was built to control the powerful Colorado River.But it was also meant to use the river to produce large amounts of electric power.
Today,seventeen huge machines use the river's power to produce electric power.The states of Arizona and Nevada share the power.So do many cities in California,including Los Angeles,Burbank and Pasadena.
(MUSIC.
VOICE ONE:
When the Hoover Dam was finished in nineteen thirty-six,it was the largest dam in the world.It was also the tallest.And it was the largest power producer that used water power to make electricity.Today this is no longer true.Taller dams, larger dams and a few that produce more power have been created.But Hoover Dam is still a huge and interesting place.
Visitors to Hoover Dam drive on a small road that passes Lake Mead.They enter a special visitors'center to learn about the dam and the men who built it.They ride high-speed elevators that go deep inside the dam.They see the huge machines that produce electric power.
Many visitors say they thought the name of the huge structure was Boulder Dam. They are told that Hoover Dam is often called Boulder Dam.However,it is named after former President Herbert Hoover.
Before he was president,Mister Hoover worked for many years to make the construction of the dam possible.It was officially named to honor him in nineteen forty-seven.
Visitors leave the great dam with an understanding of how difficult the project was.They learn that it still safely controls the great Colorado River.And it also provides water and electric power to millions of people in the American southwest.
(MUSIC.
VOICE TWO:
This program was written by Paul Thompson.It was produced by Mario Ritter. This is Steve Ember.
VOICE ONE:
And this is Bob Doughty.Join us again next week for another EXPLORATIONS program in VOA Special English.
1.demonstrate v.示威;论证,示范,显示,展示,演示,表示
例句：This fully demonstrates their willingness to cooperate.
这充分表明他们愿意合作。
2.ancient a.古代的；古老的；旧的；以往的；古来的
例句：It has been a flourishing place here since ancient times.
这个地方自古就是个繁华之地。
3.flee v.逃避,逃跑,逃走
例句：Citizens were forced to flee the besieged city.
居民被迫逃离这座被围困的城市。
4.permit v.允许,容许
例句：The words hardly permit doubt.
这些话几乎不容置疑。
1.The snow is so deep in some areas that it will stay on the ground well into the hot days of summer.But the snow does melt.
does起强调作用
I do want to see him now.我现在确实很想去见他。
do是做的意思,但这里要说一下do的其它意思。上面的do是帮助构成强调句的，又例如：Do come,please.请一定来。
I do believe you.我确实相信你。
为了构成强调句而在动词前加do,后面的动词就只能用原形。
2.Many people were forced to flee their homes.
be forced to不得不，被迫
例句：Citizens were forced to flee the besieged city.
居民被迫逃离这座被围困的城市。
3.It was agreed this could be more easily done with the aid of a dam.
with the aid of借助于…,在…的帮助下
例句：They seized power with the aid of the armed forces.
他们靠武装夺取了政权。
4.So do many cities in California,including Los Angeles,Burbank and Pasadena.
So do表示……也一样。通常用so+系动词或do+主语表示某某也一样。
胡佛水坝(Hoover Dam)位于亚利桑那州的西北部，拉斯维加斯东南约40公里处，是一座重力混凝土拱坝，座跨科罗拉多河，为美国最大的水坝并被赞誉为“沙漠里之钻石”。
胡佛水坝的建造耗费了大量资金，动员了大批入力，首席工程师是法兰克·高尔(Frank Crowe)，于1936年竣工并交付使用,它是一座拱门式重力人造混凝土水坝。坝高220米，底宽200米，顶宽14米，堤长377米。这样巨大的水坝在世界上是不多见的，它宛如一
条巨龙盘卧在大地上，显得十分威武。建成后对工农业发展起着巨大的作用,因此它在世界水利工程行列中占有重要的地位。
胡佛水坝的命名还经历过一番曲折。1936年水坝落成时，共和党领袖胡佛正在台上，水坝遂以他的名字命名;但是民主党人对此耿耿于怀，很不服气;胡佛下台后，他们便把胡佛水坝更名为鲍德水坝，鲍德是附近一个城市的名字。此后共和党人重新得势，鲍德水坝又变成了胡佛水坝,从水坝的两度易名，人们不难窥见美国资产阶级党派纠纷之一斑。
坝建成后形成人工湖米德湖，该湖为西半球最大人工湖，它不仅景色优美，而且能灌溉庄稼和利用水力发电，对发展生产起着不容忽视的作用,胡佛水坝的发电功率为1345兆瓦，可供应太平洋沿岸的西南部大部分地区，可见胡佛水坝贡献之大。湖区有6个码头，景致优美，已成为美国人游艇、滑水、钓鱼、露营渡假圣地。
VOA常速讲解:国际红十字会呼吁更好地遵守日内瓦公约
ICRC Calls for Greater Compliance with Geneva Conventions
The International Committee of the Red Cross is calling for greater compliance with the rules of war by states and armed groups around the world.As the ICRC marks the60th anniversary of the four Geneva Conventions on August12,the Swiss humanitarian agency warns that many of the laws enacted in1949to protect civilians and other vulnerable people caught in war are not being respected.The Conventions set out rules governing the conduct of international wars.But since1949,these wars have increasingly given way to civil conflicts and few of the rules in the Conventions apply to them.
International Committee of the Red Cross President Jakob Kellenberger,says the Geneva Conventions are still relevant.But he agrees that far too many of the laws of war are being violated.
Although Kellenberger says Red Cross delegates in the field regularly witness violations ranging from the mass displacement of civilians to indiscriminate attacks and ill treatment of civilians,he notes it is not the norm.
"I would simply like to say it would be quite a wrong impression if one were to think that the violations are the rule and the respect of the law is the exception," Kellenberger said.
Kellenberger says Red Cross delegates intervene in conflicts all over the world and they are instrumental in improving conditions of detention and preventing the forcible return of displaced people to their homes.
He says more and more armed conflicts are taking place in civilian areas,not in separate battlefields.This not only increases the risk to civilians,he says,but it makes it more difficult to distinguish between combatants and civilians. Kellenberger says it is vitally important that this distinction be made because a growing number of civilians are being deliberately targeted due to their supposed involvement in hostilities.
"If you are interpreting this concept too widely,far too many civilians become lawful targets,"Kellenberger said."So if you want to maximize the protection of civilians,it is very important to have a very clear and narrow definition of direct participation of hostilities."
Kellenberger says he does not think that respect for international humanitarian law has weakened globally.But he acknowledges that in some respects the Geneva Conventions have been undermined since the terrorist attacks in the United States in2001.
Analysts say the relevance of international humanitarian law is supported by the findings of a recent opinion poll that surveyed4,000people across eight
war-torn countries.The survey indicates that while people believe the Geneva Conventions are important and should be respected,rules of war should be better enforced.
红十字国际委员会呼吁各国及武装团体更好地遵守战争法则。在红十字国际委员会纪念1949年8月12日签署的日内瓦公约60周年，该瑞士人道主义机构警告称，这部签署在1949年用于保护战争中的平民和受害者的法律并没有收到应有的尊重。日内瓦公约列举了管理国际战争行为的条款。但是自1949年以来，这些战争逐渐让步于内部冲突，而日内瓦公约的条款都不适用。
红十字国际委员会主席雅各布·克伦贝格尔表示日内瓦公约仍然是适用的。但是他同意，要改善该法的遵守情况仍是一大挑战。
然而，克伦贝格尔说，从平民大规模流离失所到不分皂白的攻击和虐待战俘，我们看到一线常常发生违反国际人道法的行为。这是不符合规范的。
“简单的说，如果有人认为这仅仅是违反了规则，而对法律的尊重是另外一回事，那么这就完全错了。”克伦贝格尔说。
克伦贝格尔说，世界各地的战争中，红十字会的代表们都在进行干预，他们企图改善拘留环境，防止被转移难民再次返回家园。
他说，越来越多的武装冲突发生在平民居住区，而不是发生在独立的战场。这不仅增加了平民的风险，还让区分战士和平民的工作更加困难。
克伦贝格尔说，区分出战士和平民是非常重要的，由于他们被认为参与恶意斗争，平民越来越多的被列为战争目标。
“如果广义的来解释这个概念，现在已有太多平民成为合法的目标。所以，如果你想最大化的保护平民，对于平民必须有非常明确和狭窄的定义。”
克伦贝格尔说，他认为对这部人道主义法律的尊重并没有在全球范围内减弱。但是他承认，在某些方面，自2001年美国发生的恐怖主义袭击以来，对日内瓦公约的一些尊重已经受到损害。
分析家称，最近在8个受到战争摧残的国家针对4,000人进行了民意调查，结果显示日内瓦公约仍然适用。调查显示，尽管人们相信日内瓦公约非常重要，应该被遵守，然而你有一些条款还应该得到更好的执行。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5b6277897.html,pliance n.顺从,依从,服从,按照,一致
例句：Voluntary compliance with the tax laws is achieved.
自觉遵守的效果就达到了。
2.enact vt.制定法律,扮演,颁布
例句：There was a huge controversy and a new law was enacted.
那次事件引起了很大的争议并导致一条新法律的颁布。
3.relevant a.有关联的,中肯的,有关系的,适当的,成比例的,相应的
例句：Which is the relevant government department?
哪一个是合适的政府部门？
4.indiscriminate a.无差别的,不分皂白的,杂陈的
例句：The terrorists indiscriminate murder of ordinary people.
恐怖主义者不分青红皂白地杀害普通百姓。
5.instrumental a.仪器的,器具的,可做为手段的
例句：The neighBours were instrumental in catching the criminal.邻居们发挥了作用帮助捉拿了那个罪犯。
6.deliberately ad.故意地
例句：The terms of the agreement were deliberately vague.
协议的条款故意含糊其词。
7.concept n.概念,观念,思想
例句：That the earth is flat is an erroneous concept.
认为地球是平的观念是错的。
8.undermine vt.渐渐破坏,挖掘地基,暗地里破坏
例句：My father's health was undermined by drink.
我爸爸的健康逐渐为酒所损害。
9.enforce vt.实施,执行;强制,强迫;加强
例句：The teacher enforced the principle by examples.
这教师引用实例极力强调这原则。
1.The Conventions set out rules governing the conduct of international wars. set out出发,开始,装饰,陈列,测定,宣布,移植,陈述启程展示
例句：He set out his objections to the scheme.
他说他反对这项计划.
The party set out[released]its manifesto yesterday.
该党昨天发表了它的声明。
2.But since1949,these wars have increasingly given way to civil conflicts and few of the rules in the Conventions apply to them.
apply to将...应用于，适用
例句：But I know the same does not apply to you.
我知道这一点对你不能适用。
BBC新闻重点讲解:台风莫拉克袭击中国沿海地区(2009-8-12)
BBC News with Fiona MacDonald.
Nearly one million people have been evacuated from the coastal regions of China which have been battered by Typhoon Morakot.It's brought torrential
英语新闻报道写作的主要技巧 新闻报道的结构一般分为四个部分：（一）标题、（二）导语、（三）主体、（四）结语。 标题是新闻的题目，是编辑对最有新闻价值内容的浓缩、概括、提炼和再创造。撰写标题是为了撷取新闻要点、诠释新闻意义、吸引读者阅读。在今天繁忙的现代社会中，报纸的读者大多是标题浏览者。导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话，它扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。主体是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主题，是对导语内容的进一步开展和阐释。新闻报道的结语一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结，或对新闻事件的发展趋势作出预测。有时，作者根据报道的事实在结语中提出令人深思的问题。 一般来说，标题、导语和主体是构成新闻报道的必不可少的三部分。可根据新闻报道的内容而确定是否要结语或其它内容（如事件和历史背景等），有时，还可将它们暗含在主体中。 在写新闻报道时，首先要注意新闻的标题具有语言幽默风趣的特点，有较强的吸引力。同时，写作依据的材料要充分，要用事实来说话，语言力求简洁。最后，报道中要有亮点，能引人深思或能让人产生强烈的兴趣。 请阅读下面一则关于刘翔获得奥运金牌的体育报道,并试着找出这则新闻报道的标题、导语和主体：
Liu Xiang：Dark Horse in the Athens Olympics Liu Xiang , born on July 13, 1983 in Shanghai, China, is a Chinese hurdling athlete. In 2002, Liu launched his career in fine style by winning the first IAAF (国际业余田径联合会) Grand Prix in Lausanne with a world youth and Asian record time of 13.12 seconds in the 110 metres hurdles. He has since made the finals at the IAAF World Championships in Athletics and IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. Two of the three cases has seen American hurdling great Allen Johnson take the major prize, but in the last in May at Osaka, Liu managed to beat Johnson with an Asian-record time of 13.2014 seconds. Still young, Liu has improved steadily, and won a gold medal at the 2014 Summer Olympics in the 110 meters hurdles event. In the final, he equaled the world record of 12.91 seconds held since 1993 by Colin Jackson of Wales. This is the first time an athlete of non-African descent (后裔) has dipped under 13 seconds for the 110 meter hurdles.
BBC双语新闻讲解附字幕:对薇拉·布里顿回忆录的思考 听力文本 On this day in 1920 the United States voted not to join the League of Nations that had emerged out of the ‘never again’tide of feeling that accompanied the end of the First World War. Although President Woodrow Wilson had been appalled at the scale of human suffering he had seen, the increasingly isolationist tendencies of the US meant that the first organisation with an international peace agenda began its life without one of its potentially most powerful members. One of the early supporters of the League of Nations was Vera Brittain, whose classic memoir of the Great War, ‘Testament of Youth’, was released as a film on 16 January. Having read a review that found it sentimental I went to see it on Friday with mixed expectations. The film is primarily, like Brittain’s book, a commemoration of the lives and deaths of the young men whom she had loved and lost rather than an attempt to make a contemporary point. But the act of remembrance itself, can be a subversive and not just a sentimental act. Urged to forget and move on by those around her, Vera determined not only that she would not forget these young men, but that she would not forget what she herself had witnessed and learned as a V oluntary Nurse whilst at a military hospital in étaples. Confronted there with a hut full of German wounded Vera recognized, with shock, that these enemies were young men too, bleeding, suffering and dying far from home; the memory led to her initial support for the League of Nations, and in the face of the growing militarism of the 1930s, eventually to become one of the 20th century’s leading pacifists. As this month’s events in France continue to reverberate, and the release of the Guantanamo diaries raises inconvenient moral questions about western values, what we do with our memories is a key question. ‘Forgive and forget’is often not realistic, ignores the claims of justice, and is simply not safe, whilst the memory driven cycle of defending our own ‘high ground’runs the risk of causing more and more damage and of failing to see how our attitudes and actions –whoever we are - also need scrutiny. An alternative way to remember is offered by Miroslav V olf, a Croat theologian, writing out of the Balkan conflict of the 1990s. What he offers is a twofold way of remembering –a remembrance of harm done to us and ours that honours real anxiety and protects the vulnerable, but a remembrance which also honours the humanity of our enemies –a remembrance that restrains our desire for vengeance, opens up space for the scrutiny of our own actions, and constrains us to work for the
A Practical Guide for International News Reporting in English and Chinese 英语对外新闻报道、中文新闻写作指导手册 本系列讲座以英文对外新闻报道的原则与规范为主要内容，辅之以中文新闻写作的艺术和技巧。在座的同学虽然有的来自翻译社，有的来自文学社，但是作为英语专业的学生，英文、中文的新闻写作素养对大家来说都是必须要具备的基本素质。不同的是大家的侧重点不同而已。那么翻译社的同学侧重于英语新闻写作的学习，而文学社的同学则侧重于中文写作的学习。尤其是其中一些外语系的同学，由于专业不是英语，更要锻炼自己的中文写作能力，并且在有能力的基础上再多了解一些英语新闻写作知识。 我们这个系列讲座或者说是培训，是一项长期的活动，以及长期的任务。相信同学们也希望能有固定的上课时间以及实际锻炼的机会。虽然这个不是正式的课程，也没有考试，但是我想，既然大家都加入到我们这个组织里来了，就是希望能够有所收获，因此，希望大家能够严格要求自己。这个严格体现在如下几个方面： 第一、时间观念 每周上课时间为周六下午2：30—5：30 （课间休息20分钟） 上课地点：4331培训教室 第二、学习、工作态度 严谨的学术精神 一丝不苟的求学精神 灵活的学习方法 广采博取，多学多记，包括文学、语言学、哲学、社会学、心理学、史学、经济学、 法学、自然科学以及宗教、艺术等各个门类的知识充实自己。新闻记者要求知识面广 博而精深，要成为一门或几门学问的专家，具有“多能一专”的知识结构。如果信息 量储存丰富，迸发灵感的机会肯定多。如果没有生活信息、经验的积累，大脑仓库里 空空如也，是无论如何也激发不了灵感来的。 第三、新闻工作者必备素质 民国初年，《申报》记者黄远生谈到新闻记者应该具备的条件：“新闻记者须有四能一、脑筋能想；二、腿脚能奔走；三、耳能听；四、手能写。调查研究，有种 种素养，是谓能想，交游肆应，能深知各方面势力之所存，以时访接，是谓能走， 闻一知十，闻此知彼，由显达隐，由旁得通，是谓能听，刻画叙述，不溢不漏，尊 重彼此之人格，力守绅士之态度，是谓能写。 ●广泛的社会活动能力 ?比如要求大家善于同群众交往，善于做群众工作，善于反映群众的呼声、 愿望和要求，善于从群众中寻找新闻线索，搜集报道素材。那么我们这里 所说的群众就是指我们身边的同学们、老师们、朋友们等等，我们要善于 发现校园里、校园外发生的与我们息息相关的事件，搜集大家都关心的报 道素材。 ?同时，也要善于同领导机关及领导同志打交道，做到举止适度，有礼有心。 既要注意尊重被采访的领导同志，虚心向他们请教，又要注意时时把握新
[英语新闻的结构特征]英语新闻结构分析新闻由于记者写作风格不同，文体结构无定格。但大体上说新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、 正文三部分组成。 标题（headline）：浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题。 导语（1ead or introduction）：通常为的第一段。文章的第一段提供主要话题和最主要的事 实。 正文（body）：在导语的基础上，引入更多的与主题相关的事实，使之更加详实、具体，并展开评论， 进而得出结论。 在此我们以消息为例，详细分析一下它的基本结构。消息类新闻属于“硬新闻”，是广泛采用的的一种
新闻体裁。消息报道中的导语十分重要，它位于第一段或第一、二段。通过它点出新闻的主题，这是消 息这种新闻文体区别于其它文体的一个重要特征。五个w和一个h（when？where？who？what？why？和 how？）是构成一则完整的消息不可缺少的要素。直接的消息报道或纯消息报道一般采用“倒金字塔形 式”（the inverted pyramid form），其特点是按新闻报道最重要的五个w和一个h头重脚轻地安排材 料，把新闻的高潮和结论放在最前面的导语里，然后以事实的重要性递减的顺序来安排（in the order of descending importance）。 在报纸、广播、电视等新闻媒体每天刊载和播发的新闻中，百分之九十是用倒金字塔结构写成的。 对于报纸来说，倒金字塔结构的新闻有自己的优势。主要是可以使读者很快得到新闻的精华部分；在生
活节奏越来越快的今天，一般读者很少把一条新闻从头到尾读完，他们可能随时放下报纸，因此，报纸 有必要让读者首先读到最重要的新闻内容。 为了帮助读者了解这种倒金字塔式结构，请见西方新闻学著作中 的图表说明： the inverted pyramid form introduction containing most important or most interesting information 导语包括最重要或最吸引人的消息 more facts 更多的事实材料 supporting information or background 辅助性消息或背景材料 quotes or more facts of lesser importance引语或次要的事 实材料
英语新闻词汇大全accredited journalist n. 特派记者 advertisement n．广告． advance n．预发消息；预写消息 affair n．桃色新闻；绯闻 anecdote n．趣闻轶事 assignment n．采写任务 attribution n. 消息出处，消息来源 back alley news n. 小道消息 backgrounding n．新闻背景 Bad news travels quickly. 坏事传千里。 banner n．通栏标题 beat n．采写范围 blank vt. "开天窗" body n. 新闻正文 boil vt．压缩(篇幅) box n. 花边新闻 brief n. 简讯 bulletin n．新闻简报 byline n. 署名文章 caption n．图片说明 caricature n．漫画 carry vt．刊登 cartoon n．漫画 censor vt. 审查(新闻稿件)，新闻审查 chart n．每周流行音乐排行版 clipping n．剪报 column n．专栏；栏目 columnist n．专栏作家
continued story 连载故事;连载小说contributing editor 特约编辑 contribution n．(投给报刊的)稿件;投稿contributor n．投稿人 copy desk n．新闻编辑部 copy editor n．文字编辑 correction n．更正(启事) correspondence column读者来信专栏correspondent n.驻外记者；常驻外埠记者 cover vt．采访;采写 cover girl n. 封面女郎 covert coverage 隐性采访;秘密采访 crop vt．剪辑(图片) crusade n．宣传攻势 cut n．插图vt．删减(字数) cut line n．插图说明 daily n．日报 dateline n．新闻电头 deadline n．截稿时间 dig vt．深入采访；追踪(新闻线索)；“挖”(新闻) digest n．文摘 editorial n．社论 editorial office 编辑部 daily 日报 morning edition 晨报 evening edition 晚报 quality paper 高级报纸 popular paper 大众报纸 evening paper 晚报 government organ 官报
听懂英语新闻的十大方法 听懂英语新闻的十大方法 一、遇到听不懂的地方不要去想它，继续听下去 你一定有个经验，在听英语新闻或英语节目时，遇到一个你不会的字或没听清楚的段落，就开始想它的意思，往往造成接下来的内 容全都没听清楚。所谓“一心不能二用”，绝不可以在听的同时， 边想前一句的意思，要养成一个习惯，那就是遇到不太懂的地方不 要停下来思考，专心听下去。 某个段落没听懂，可能的原因有几个，也许有个没学过的单字，或有较特殊的句型，也许主播播报的速度一时加快，甚至自己分心 没听好。无论原因是什幺，不管它就继续听下去，还是有可能将主 要内容听懂，因为九成的时候，漏掉一点，不会是关键到让你无法 连接下面的意思，但是如果思维卡在前一句，肯定全军覆没。 但如果另外那一成确实是关键呢?要是有空，可以上网找相关内 容的新闻，了解一下是否有关键单字或内容较不熟悉，如果是重要 新闻，一般来讲不会报一次就不报了，可以收听当天其它整点新闻 的播报，也许还可以听到同样的新闻，也许听第二次就完全了解了! 二、尽量先以自己熟悉的语言了解新闻内容 在进行当天的英文新闻学习前，先从中文的媒体了解当天主要的国际或国内新闻内容，在听英文新闻时，就容易多了。当然，这是 在学习期间，过了入门的阶段，就不需要了。 三、掌握各类新闻的有限单字 世界之广，事件之多，大部分的人一定认为，要掌握新闻英语的相关单字，恐怕好几千个，要背完一整本的新闻字库，才有办法听懂。这个想法似乎很合逻辑，但是其实有个极大的错误，从政治新 闻到娱乐新闻，当然很可能有几千个单字，但是有些单字每几个月，甚至每几年才出现一次，就是所谓的rarelyusedvocabulary(罕见
英语新闻报导写作的主要技巧 新闻报导的构造一般分为四个部分：（一）题目、（二）导语、（三）主体、（四）结语。 题目是新闻的习题目，是编辑对最有新闻价值内容的浓缩、概括、提炼和再创造。撰写题目是为了撷取新闻要点、诠释新闻意义、吸引读者阅读。在今天繁忙的现代社会中，报纸的读者大多是题目阅读者。导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话，它扼要地提醒出消息的核心内容。主体是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主习题，是对导语内容的进一步开展和阐释。新闻报导的结语一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结归纳，或对新闻事件的开展趋势作出预测。有时，作者根据报导的事实在结语中提出令人深思的问习题。 一般来说，题目、导语和主体是构成新闻报导的必不可少的三部分。可根据新闻报导的内容而确定是否要结语或其它内容（如事件和历史背景等），有时，还可将它们暗含在主体中。 在写新闻报导时，首先要注意新闻的题目具有语言幽默幽默的特点，有较强的吸引力。同时，写作依据的材料要充分，要用事实来说话，语言力求简洁。最后，报导中要有亮点，能引人深思或能让人产生强烈的兴趣。 请阅读下面一则关于刘翔获得奥运金牌的体育报导,并试着找出这则新闻报导的题目、导语和主体：
Ｌiu Ｘiang：Ｄark Ｈorse in the Ａthens Ｏlympics Ｌiu Ｘiang , born on Ｊuly 13, 1983 in Ｓhanghai, Ｃhina, is a Ｃhinese hurdling athlete. Ｉn 20XX, Ｌiu launched his career in fine style by winning the first ＩＡＡＦ (国际业余田径联合会) Ｇrand Ｐrix in Ｌausanne with a world youth and Ａsian record time of 13.12 seconds in the 110 metres hurdles. Ｈe has since made the finals at the ＩＡＡＦＷorld Ｃhampionships in Ａthletics and ＩＡＡＦＷorld Ｉndoor Ｃhampionships in Ａthletics. Ｔwo of the three cases has seen Ａmerican hurdling great Ａllen Ｊohnson take the major prize, but in the last in Ｍay at Ｏsaka, Ｌiu managed to beat Ｊohnson with an Ａsian-record time of 13.20XX seconds. Ｓtill young, Ｌiu has improved steadily, and won a gold medal at the 20XX Ｓummer Ｏlympics in the 110 meters hurdles event. Ｉn the final, he equaled the world record of 12.91 seconds held since 1993 by Ｃolin Ｊackson of Ｗales. Ｔhis is the first time an athlete of non-Ａfrican descent (后裔) has dipped under 13 seconds for the 110 meter hurdles.
这是一则有关火车出轨事故的报道。标题很精简，主句是被动语态，省略了助动词are. 并且为突出新闻的时效性，用了一般现在时。 第一段中，a rush-hour commuter train 意为“一列上班高峰时间的通勤列车”。Rush-hour, 我想大家都很熟悉啦，就是“交通高峰时间，交通拥挤时间”，还可以说 peak-hour. 请再看一个例子： I got caught in the rush-hour traffic. 我遇上了高峰时间的车辆，寸步难行。 Commuter, 其动词形式是commute, 意思是“定期往返于两地间，每天往返上下班”. commuter, 即“每天往返上下班的人，跑通勤的人”。这里用如形容词，commuter train, 就是“通勤列车”的意思。另外，commute一字也可做名词，此时表示来回往返的实例，尤指来回往返的路程。例如： a 22-mile commute二十二英里的通勤路程. Derail, 是由词头de- 和 rail（铁轨）构成的，意为“脱轨”。类似构词法的单字还有debone（剔骨），dethrone（废黜），demilitarize（解除武装，使…非军事化）等等很多。它还可用于比喻义，例如： Renewed fighting threatened to derail the peace talks. 再次发生的交战将要中断和平谈判。 Bushland, “未开垦的森林地带”。请注意接下来的trap,这是个很有用的词。它的意思是“使…陷入困境”。又如： Twenty miners were trapped underground after the gas explosion. 瓦斯爆炸后有二十名矿工被困井下。 还可以用get caught, stick表示相近的意思，例如： The company is caught between the need to invest more money and the need to keep costs as low as possible. 公司陷入了既需要增加投资，又需要尽可能压缩费用的两难境地。 The wheels of the car stuck in the mud and we could not go on. 车轮陷入泥里，我们不能前进了。 第二段中，wreckage, 指失事后飞机、车辆或轮船的残骸。我们还可以使用remains, ruins, remnants等，不过要注意这些词都是复数形式。Smash their way into是一个生动的说法，即警察用石块砸碎车厢的玻璃等进入车厢搜寻幸存者的。请再看一例： An uncontrolled race car slammed its way into the roadside onlookers. 一辆失控的赛车撞向路边旁观的人群。 第三段中，on standby，这又是个很有用的短语，意为“待命”。Ferry, 做名词的意思是“渡口、渡船”，做动词为“乘渡船度过”，更进一步引申为“（用交通工具）运送”。再看一例：
Why do people only do a spectator? On March 4th ,2017,a vedio that shot in the Beijing subway line 10 spread rapidly on the Internet .A young man abused two girls then wrested one girl＇s phone and pushed them out of the subway .On March 5th,the microblog of Beijing Peace released that the suspect had been arrested .The man apologized to the two girls. In this vedio,we can see a man who speak Beijing dialect arguing with two girls. The man is swearing at one of the girls .Another girl helps her friend and ready to report to police in order to protect themselves.Unexpectedly,this behavior stimulated the young man .He seized the girl＇s phone and continue to abuse.When the subway arriving at station ,the girls are pushed out of the subway by force.In this period of time ,no one stands up and stops it .Passengers are chilly . Later,many netizens criticized about the man＇s odious behavior .At the same time ,they expressed that it hard to accept the passengers indifference.They thought passengers should give a hand to the girls. Actually,it is not uncommon in the life that people just watch and not give a hand .Milan Kundera said "They only when stupid is
71 U.S. to Train Up to 5,000 Air Marshals 美国将增加5000名空中警察 Tue Sep 2, 7:10 AM ET Tue Sep 2,10:33 PM ET WASHINGTON - The Homeland Security Department will train as many as 5,000 customs and immigration agents to serve as air marshals when U.S. airliners are especially threatened by terrorists, officials said Tuesday. 美国官员本周二表示，国家安全部门将从海关和移民局培训5000名人员，在航班受到恐怖威胁时作为航班的武装空中警卫。 ★marshal,A military officer of the highest rank in some countries.元帅，最高指挥官某些国家最高军衔的军队官员.这里air marshals指的是空中警察,空中警卫. The Bush administration is shuffling its homeland security operation to make available more armed agents for airliner protection. According to a plan being unveiled Tuesday, the reorganization will combine the federal air marshal's program with the customs and immigration security programs so agents in both can be cross-trained and used for aviation security, officials said. 布什政府目前正对一些国内安全部门进行调整，以使更多的武装人员能够胜任航空保护。根据本周二公布的调整计划，这次调整将把海关和移民安全项目与空中警察项目结合起来，使得两个项目的参与人员能够接受交叉训练，接受航空安全任务。 ★shuffle，To slide （the feet）along the floor or ground while walking. 曳脚而行,走路时将（脚）沿着地板或地面滑动。本文中shuffle的意思是To move （something）from one place to another; transfer or shift. 搬移将（某物）从一个地方移到另一个地方；传送或移动shuffled around looking for work.到处找工作。to shuffle papers around .把文件到处搬来搬去。 ★unveil，To remove a veil or covering from.把面纱或覆盖物从…上拿下 ★aviation意思之一是The operation of aircraft. 另一个意思是飞行操纵飞机。The design, development, and production of aircraft. 飞机制造飞机的设计、发展及生产。 The number of air marshals is classified. In a news release, the department said its reorganization will "make available more than 5,000 additional armed federal law enforcement agents to the skies." 国家有关部门已对空中警卫员进行了分类。安全部门在新闻发布会上表示，这次重组可以向航运部门增加5000名联邦政府武装执法人员。 ★Reorganization，The act or process of organizing again or differently. 改组、重组或改组的行为或过程。A thorough alteration of the structure of a business corporation. 整顿某一企业的结构的彻底转变。 72
Must-know Facts for Chinese Female Football Fans The 2014 World Cup is going to be held in Brazil and the start of the 2014 World Cup is just three days away, and fans from all over the world are readying themselves for football’s biggest festival. [https://www.doczj.com/doc/5b6277897.html,] The start of the 2014 World Cup is just three days away, and fans from all over the world are readying themselves for football’s biggest festival. Now we will list some must-know things for Chinese female football fans. The 2014 World Cup is going to be held in Brazil. All the matches of the 2014 World Cup will kick off at night or in early morning. Previous England captain David Beckham will not participate in this World Cup as a football player. Brazil, Spain, Germany and the team that your boyfriend supports are most likely to be the winner of the World Cup. Please don’t say “I don’t know why a dozen of players simply run after the one football” because your ignorance toward football possibly annoys your boyfriend. You boyfriend probably only remember the game time and the name of football teams during the World Cup, so please don’t test his memories in this period even though some big dates such as an anniversary day for your love falls in this time.
Officials Pledge to Improve Women’s Reproductive Health Officials and medical experts talk about women’s reproductive health issues at a launch ceremony for a program titled “Improving Chinese Women’s Reproduct ive Health” on March 21, 2014. [yiaijijin] Chinese officials recently made a commitment to place greater emphasis on women’s health issues, and improve women’s reproductive health at a launch ceremony for a program titled “Improving Chinese Women’s Reproductive Health,”Chinanews reported. The program was jointly initiated by the China Women's Development Foundation (CWDF), the National Research Institute for Family Planning and the Family Planning Association under the Chinese Medical Association. Zhen Yan, vice president of the CWDF, pointed out at the launch ceremony that the program aims to provide convenient and authoritative suggestions and information on contraception, as well as better family planning services for women of childbearing age. The Program for the Development of Chinese Women (2011-2020) has the stated objective of ensuring women's rights in order to let them make informed decisions about contraception and birth control, and reduce unwanted pregnancies and induced abortions.
听懂英语新闻的十种方法 听懂英语新闻的十种方法 （一）尽量先以自己熟悉的语言了解新闻内容 刚到ICRT国内新闻中心上班的外籍记者，虽然多半中文程度并 不差，但是有时候“新闻中文”并不强，在翻译或阅读一些中文的 新闻稿时，虽然可以查单字，但要完全了解整体的意思，往往有些 困难。 发生这样的状况，我会建议他们先去看英文报纸的同样一则新闻，透过自己的母语，了解其中的来龙去脉，再回来看中文稿时，本来 以为很复杂的内容，就变得简单多了。 世界之广，事件之多，大部分的人一定认为，要掌握新闻英语的相关单字，恐怕好几千个，要背完一整本的新闻字库，才有办法听懂。这个想法似乎很合逻辑，但是其实有个极大的错误，从政治新 闻到娱乐新闻，当然很可能有几千个单字，但是相关的单字每几个月，甚至每几年才出现一次，就是所谓的rarelyusedvocabulary （罕见单字），例如：multilateralcurrencyrealignment（跨国货 币调整）或plannedobsolescence（计画的陈废），如果连这些也 要背，那可真是不得了。 （三）遇到听不懂的地方不要去想它，继续听下去 你一定有个经验，在听英语新闻或英语节目时，遇到一个你不会的字或没听清楚的段落，就开始想它的意思，往往造成接下来的内 容全都没听清楚。所谓“一心不能二用”，绝不可以在听的同时， 边想前一句的意思，要养成一个习惯，那就是遇到不太懂的地方不 要停下来思考，专心听下去。 某个段落没听懂，可能的原因有几个，也许有个没学过的单字，或有较特殊的句型，也许主播播报的速度一时加快，甚至自己分心 没听好。无论原因是什幺，不管它就继续听下去，还是有可能将主
At Peking University's Weiming lakeside, students can be seen resting on chairs, walking around the lake or taking photographs. Few are aware of a tomb in the woods nearby. The tomb is the final resting place of Edgar Snow, an American journalist and author of "Red Star over China", the 1930s book that introduced the Communist Party of China (CPC) to the world. "I knew Snow wrote a book but I did not know his tomb was here," said law freshman Cao Fengyu. This year marks the 80th anniversary of the start of the Long March, a forced expedition that eventually laid an important foundation for the Communist victory in the civil war. The 12,500-km trek and the difficult terrain, which covered provinces and regions in Fujian; Gansu; Guangdong; Guangxi; Guizhou; Hunan; Jiangxi; Ningxia; Sichuan; Shaanxi; and Yunnan, was hard on the troops. From October 1934 to October 1936, more than three quarters of the Red Army's men had died or were reported missing. Born in 1905, Snow came to China in 1928. From 1935, he taught journalism at Peking University where he met many students who would go on to play major roles in the revolution. Influenced by his interactions with these young thinkers, Snow attended a meeting at the CPC revolutionary base in Shaanxi in 1936, which had been arranged by the wife of KMT founder Sun Yat-sen, Soong Ching-ling, where he met CPC leaders such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. When the KMT trumpeted its defeat of the CPC's army, Snow collected first-hand accounts on the Long March, as well as on the work and life style of Communists in Shaanxi. He published "Red Star over China" the following year, astonishing the world. "This book was significant because it recorded Soviet power in China thoroughly and systematically, including the related political views and diplomatic strategies," said Sun Hua, deputy director and secretary general of Peking University's China Center for Edgar Snow Studies (CCESS). "When the whole world had forgotten us, Snow came to see us and told the world what had happened. We will remember Snow's great help to China forever," Chairman Mao said during an interview with a German journalist in 1938. In response to the book, more than 40,000 youths headed to Shaanxi during the Anti-Japanese War Period from 1937 to 1945, calling on the two parties to end civil war and to work together to resist invasion. Many of these youths were well-educated and they injected strength into the Chinese Red Army after the Long March, according to Sun. Many Westerners were introduced to the party through his book. Norman Bethune, a Canadian doctor known for his efforts to save the lives of Chinese soldiers during World War II, came to China after reading Snow's book. It is still considered a must-read on China and the CPC in the western world even now, Sun said. Snow only left China when the KMT revoked his press card. He died in 1972 in Switzerland and, as per his wishes, some of his ashes were buried at Peking University. To commemorate the contribution foreigners, such as Snow, played in the revolution, China established a special research institution in 1984 called the China Society for People's Friendship Studies. The CCESS was established in 1993, and it co-founded a biennial symposium on Snow studies with the U.S.-based Edgar Snow Memorial Foundation. The symposium has become an important platform for Sino-U.S. cultural exchange. "The legacy Snow left behind has benefited a lot of people for decades," Sun said. 1