当前位置:文档之家› 【最新】高考英语阅读理解推理判断题命题方式与技巧点拨讲义(附练习答案)整理

【最新】高考英语阅读理解推理判断题命题方式与技巧点拨讲义(附练习答案)整理

【最新】高考英语阅读理解推理判断题命题方式与技巧点拨讲义(附练习答案)整理
【最新】高考英语阅读理解推理判断题命题方式与技巧点拨讲义(附练习答案)整理

高三英语阅读理解推理判断题命题方式与技巧点拨讲课

导入:

高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求:

阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说

明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具

体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有:细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主

旨大意题。本节主要解决推理判断题解题策略。

推理判断题解题指导:

■考点突破

一、命题方式:

推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上,通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的

暗示,做出一定的判断和推理,从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。主要考查

考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中

某一句话,也可能是某几句话,要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上,对文章字面信息进

行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理,揭示其深层含义。

推理判断题的命题区间往往出现在以下几个方面:

◆文章或者段落的首尾部分。这一部分往往会引出文章的主题,总结全文或者全段

内容,通常也会设计推理判断题;

◆引言部分。议论文或者说明文中作者经常引用他人语言来支撑自己的观点,引用

的内容可能从正面或者反面来支持作者的观点,引文的字里行间隐含的渗透的内容往往

也是命题人设题的依据;

◆结论建议处。命题人往往在文章中出现the study suggests, the research indicates, the report shows 等类似结论、建议性表达方式时,此处通常是文章中提到的研究结果或者报

告的结论,命题人往往在此设置推理判断题

◆表达观点态度处。在作者表达观点态度的地方往往设置推理判断题。文中出现

doubt, appreciate, hate, prefer ,against等表达观点态度的部分,以及一些带有感情色彩的特

殊句式,例如感叹句、反问句等。

1.细节推断

细节推断要求考生根据文章内容,推断具体的细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人

物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生

要把握文章的内在关系,理解文章的真正含义,然后作出判断。题干中常出现infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示).conclude(作出结论),assume (假定,设想)等词。主要设题方式有:

It can be inferred from the passage that________.

The author strongly suggests that________

It can be concluded from the passage that________.

The writer implies but not directly states that________

The writer/author indicates/implies/suggests that________

The writer talked about. .. Because he thought________

考点 1 细节推断题

典例(2016·全国卷3D节选)

“The‘if it bleeds’rule works for mass media," says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania."They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don't want

them to think of you as a Debbie Do wner.”

33. What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?

A. They're socially inactive.

B. They're good at telling stories.

C. They're inconsiderate of others.

D. They're careful with their words.

2.写作意图推断

写作意图推断要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作者一

般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或

观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意,而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进

行归纳总结和分析的能力主要设题方式有:

What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?

The purpose of the text is to get more people to__________

The writer of the story wants to tell us that____________

The fact... Is mentioned by the author to show__________

The author writes the last paragraph in order to________________

作者写文章的目的通常有三类(灵活借鉴应用):

(1) to entertain readers(使读者愉悦、发笑):常见于个人经历或故事类的文章。

(2) to persuade readers(说服读者接受某种观点):常见于广告或议论文。广告是作者

要推销一种产品或一种服务:吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等。议论文是为了说

服读者接受或赞同某一观点。

(3)to inform readers (告知读者某些信息):多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社

会类的文章, 以及劝告性或建议性的文章。弄清其写作目的, 需要找准主题句, 把握文章

主旨。

典例:2016北京卷A节选)

December 15,2014

Dear Alfred,

I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.

Growing up, I had people telling me Iwas toostow, though, with an IQ of 150 + at am anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADHD(注意力缺陷多动17, I’

障碍).Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.

Thank you. You’ve given me hope that I can follow m y heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.

This is why you're saving my life.

Yours,

Tanis

8). Tanis wrote this letter in order to__________________

A. explain why she was interested in the computer

B. share the ideas she had for her profession

C. show how grateful she was to the center

D. describe the courses she had taken so far

3.观点态度推断

观点态度推断题考查考生是否了解文章作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的观点或者

态度。这就要求考生在正确理解文章大意的基础上,对观点或者态度倾向进行分析、识

别,关注作者对人物心理或者细节的描写,对文章所交代的人或者事情进行评判。主要

设题方式有:

The attitude of the author towards something is______________

The writer of the passage seems to think that________________

What's the author's opinion on... ?

What do we know about sb. in the passage?

Somebody can be said___________.

What does the author think about... ?

典例(2016·四川卷C节选)

"I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years? " says Gin."I' ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don't see it as a lawless land. But rather see it as an area of freedom."

30). What is Gin’

s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?

A. Cautious.

B. Doubtful.

C. Uninterested.

D. Appreciative.

4.文章来源和读者对象推断

推测文章的来源或者读者对象要求读者本身要具备一定的常识,这样文章的内容才

能与读者本身具备的常识结合起来。比如读者本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样才能根据文章的特点对号人

座,选出正确的答案。举几个例子:1).报纸前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。

2).广告因其用词和格式特殊,客易辨认。3).产品说明器皿、设备的使用说明会有

产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用说明会告知服用。需要指出的是:有时命题者为了

增加试题的难度,特殊的格式或日期可能不出现,这时需要根据文章的题材内容进行推

断。如果内客是发布新闻,最可能是出现在报纸上;如果是科普读物,可能是出自科普杂志上。

主要设题方式有:

This passage would be most likely to be found in____________

The passage is probably taken out of _____________

Where does this text probably come from?

Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from?

The text is intended for_________________.

典例:Have you ever dreamed of having a fashionable watch of great value?

A small watchmaker in Switzerland in 1922 designed the first automatic watch to show

the day, month, and date... Today, it is so hard to get an original watch that some watch historians are evenwilling to offer $200,000 for one.

These watches attracted a lot of people for their splendid color, fashionable s ty, and new uses in the 1920s...

Today, you are offered the same kind of watch with improvement. It has a 24-jewel mechanicalmovement...

You can get the watch either in person or by mail all an affordable price. You will also receive good service from the watch seller. If you are not satisfied with the watch after you get it, you may simply return it within 30 days. Don't miss the chance to realize your dream.

题目The passage is probably taken from a ___________________

A. report

B. magazine

C. text book

D. science book

5.推理判断题选项特点

(1)正确选项特点:

◆是"弦外之音°。是立足原文推断出来的内容,不是直接叙述的具体信息;

◆没有绝对概念的字眼,如only, never, all absolutely 等。因为的推断出来的内容,

略有模糊成分,留有余地,通常含有usually. may, some, might. can,possibly 等同汇.

(2)干拢选项特点:

◆张冠李戴。使用了原文出现的词汇或者句式。但不是本题的内容;

◆颠倒是非。选项内容涉及了原文中提及的内容,但是选项意思与之恰恰相反;

◆无中生有。这类选项往往是基本的生活常识,观点是正确的,但不是本文表示的

内容;

◆扩缩范围。原文中可能出现了almost, all, nearly, more than, normally, usually等词语对文章内容加以限制,干扰选项改变了原文范围;

◆曲解文意。根据文章某一句话或者利用了里面的字间设计出选项,看似表达了文

章的意思,实际上是借题发挥,曲解了文章原意。

二、技巧点拨

1.领悟隐含意义

“既要理解字面意思,也要理解深层含义。”这是高考对阅读理解能力测试的一项重

要内容。由于某种原因,有的文章作者不能鲜明地表达自己的观点,而将其隐含在字里

行间,流露于修辞手法之中。这类题要求考生对作者这种没有明确说明的事实信息和思

想倾向做出合理的推断。读懂这种“言外之意,弦外之音”要求考生具有无障碍的阅读

能力,"锣鼓听音"的敏锐感觉,合理推断的思维品质。做题的关键是根据题干要求,在原文中找到相关信息,并依此进行推理。

2.理清文章脉络

这类题旨在测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的

逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局做出合理的推断,或根据作者所阐述的观点或理论,

对文章未涉及的现象或事例给以解释。

考生首先要仔细阅读短文,充分了解信息,才能弄清文章结构,理清文章脉络。在

做出推理判断时,考生一定要依据短文内容或作者的观点,切忌主观臆断,切忌以自己

的观点取代作者的原意。

3.抓住作者的态度和观点

做此类题目必须通过作者的用词及叙述口吻等去理解。作者的态度和观点无非就是

三种(1)支持、赞同、乐观;(2)反对、批评、怀疑、悲观;(3)中立、客观。作者的

态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达,如possible, impossible, seem. strange。此题需要注意的是一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是

相反的。在议论文中,作者的观点态度常在末段出现,但有些文章作者的观点态度隐含

在文章的字里行间,需要通读全文,才能作出正确的判断。熟悉一些常见的有关作者情

感、态度的词语:

褒义词:supportive(支持的);positive(积极的)optimistic(乐观的)enthusiastic (热情的)等。

贬义词:negative(否定的,消极的)ironic(讽刺的)critical(批评的)disgusted(厌恶的)disappointed(失望的)等。

中性词:indifferent(漠不关心的)uninterested(不感兴趣的);objective(客观的)neutral中立的)等。

当堂分类检测

1. 细节推断 A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.

Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if

they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them

after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of

survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged

wooden ship.

13). What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?

A. They were made last week

B. They showed undersea sceneries

C. They were found by a cameraman

D. They recorded a disastrous adventure

2. 写作意图推断

Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn

to change their practices in different cultures. They understand the importance of avoiding

business decisions based on misconceptions---mistaken ideas.

One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism, the belief that one’s own culture doing things is better than the way of other cultures. It’s ethnocentrism that leads to fa

to study the different elements(组

international business. To avoid ethnocentrism, it’s necessary

成部分) of culture: language, values and attitudes, and customs and manners.

A knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways.

etween right and wrong, good and Values are people’s basic beliefs about the difference b

bad. An attitude is a way of thinking or acting. Values and attitudes influence international

business. …

Customs are common social practices. Manners are ways of acting that the society believes

are polite. …

64). The author’s purpose of writing this article is to tell people _________.

how to take a right attitude in business

B. how to avoid misunderstandings in business

C. how to use a local language in business

D. how to act politely and properly in business

3. 观点态度推断再提醒:

这类试题的题干中常有the writer’s attitude toward(s), The author thoughts/ think(s),

According to the author, What does the author think about,等。

作者的态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定,对记叙或描写

的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色

彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间,或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此,在推断过程中,应特

别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子,推

断出作者的弦外之音。干扰项具有三个特点:

(1) 可能是考生自己的某种观点。(易误选)

(2) 社会普遍的一种倾向,文中没有信息支持。

(3) 与本文无关或与作者相反的观点等。

此外,还要注意区分作者态度或观点与引用的别人的态度或观点。

观点态度推断

It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied.The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr.Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night.I've never heard anything soridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn't follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way,though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.

题目:What does the author think about Dr.Frederic Truby King?

A.He is strict.

B.He is unkind.

C.He has the wrong idea.

D.He sets a timetable for mothers.

4.文章来源和读者对象推断

The Basics of Math—Made Clear

[1]Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics,as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数)and beyond.

...

[7]If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you,you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.

题目:

59).Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?

A.A news report.B.A book review.

C.A lesson plan. D.An advertisement.

5.综合训练

Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into

part of your diet plan.

Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious (难为情) when they're in poorly lit

高考英语阅读理解推理判断题

专题07 阅读理解推理判断题 推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时,考生应在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,运用逻辑思维,同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时,问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断,暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思,更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义,和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是:意思要靠推断得出,而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容;明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的;分析文章里所给的有关信息;注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义;最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理,挖出文章的伏笔,得出正确的推论。 这种问题的提问方式通常有: 1.From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that . 2.We can infer from the text that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude from the passage that… 3.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that. 4.The author implies that by the year 2080, . 5.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should. 6.The author mentions the fact that…to show. 7. This passage would most likely be found in _________? 8.The author’s attitude toward …is _________? 9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到,必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算,从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说,考生应当注意以下几点: 1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知,推断未知,遵循“词不离句,句不离段,段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替

高中英语阅读之推理判断题的解题技巧资料

高考阅读理解专题:推理判断题的解题技巧 推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题,做这类题目时,考生要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气,找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句,然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断,从而得出符合逻辑的结论。 近年的高考题中常出现以下五种推理判断题: 1. 这类题干中通常含有learn( ), infer( ), suggest( ), imply( ), conclude (), indicate( )等标志性词语, 常见的提问方式有: 1).We can know from the passage that ________. 2). We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ________. 3).The passage/author implies/suggests that ______. 4).It can be concluded from the passage that ________. 5).The underlined sentence indicates that ________ 2. 解题技巧 ①针对细节推断: 在原文中找到相关的信息源--- 对具体内容分析-- 推理判断得出结论 实例1:Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called “the deathwatch beetle." 1. It can be inferred from the text that the sound of this beetle ________. A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people. ②针对主题思想:以主题为核心----- 分析逻辑关系----- 得出结论 实例2:In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest. While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn’t have TVs in their bedrooms. 1. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A. More time should be spent on computers. B. Children should be forbidden to watch TV. C. TV sets shouldn't be allowed in children's bedrooms. D. Further studies on high-achieving students should be done. 1. 题干中通常含有attitude, view ,opinion,, in the author’s opinion/mind等标志性词语。提问方式: 1).The author seems to be in favor of/against ______. 2).The author may probably agree with/support ________. 3).What's the author's opinion about...? 4).In the author's opinion...?

阅读理解之推理判断题解题指导-教师版精品资料

阅读理解之推理判断题解题指导 一、推理判断题常见提问方式 1. The writer / author / passage implies / suggests (暗示) that ________. 2. It can be inferred (推断)from the story that ________. 3. We can learn from the passage that ________. 4. The passage is intended to ________. 5. The first paragraph of this passage is to ________. 6. From the passage, we can learn / conclude that ________. 7. The passage may be a / an ________. 8. How does the author seem to feel about this issue? 9. Which of the following might happen later? 10. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage? 二、选项特点分析 推理判断题目选项的设置有一定的特点和规律,了解这些,可以帮助提高答题的正确率。 1.正确选项的特点: (1)正确选项一般含义比较丰富,具有一定的综合性和概括性; (2)正确选项的表述一般不会太绝对,而是会用一些相对宽泛的词汇,如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等; (3)正确选项有时候与通过常识判断得出的结论相反,要特别注意。 2.干扰选项的特点: (1)只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出的结论; (2)看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符; (3)根据常识判断是正确的,然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点; (4)虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为依据,但推理过头、概括过度; (5)部分选项的内容纯属编造。 三、推理判断题的解题方法 解决此类题要注意:一是与原文相同的细节不能选;二是不能跳出文章做推断。 1. 抓住特定关键信息进行推理。 做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息,即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断,利用正向推理或逆向思维,从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。 【例1】 The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates (计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well. The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 means “_______”. A. Receivers B. GPS devices C. Satellites D. Ground stations 【解析】根据这段文字,我们可以推断出They指的是ground stations(地面卫星接收站),故选D。【例2】 Cost Adult: $7.40 Children (under 15 y ears): half … John and his 10-year-old son want to watch Secret of the Dragon. How much should they pay? A . $7.40. B. $11.10. C. $14.80. D. $23.20. 【解析】根据上面的信息可知,15岁以下的孩子是半价。所以,一个成人和一个10岁的孩子应该花$7.40+$3.70=$11.10,故选B。 【例3】

公务员考试判断推理题库含答案解析

公务员考试判断推理题库含答案解析

逻辑判断练习题及精解 1.所有市场经济搞得好的国家都是因为法律秩序比较好。其实建立市场并不难,一旦放开,人们受利益的驱使,市场很快就能形成,可是,一个没有秩序的市场一旦形成,再来整治就非常困难了。因此()。 A. 市场调节是“无形的手”,市场自发地处于稳定、均衡的状态 B. 要建立市场经济体制,必须高度重视法制建设 C. 市场经济的优越之处就在于它能使人们受利益驱使,因而能调动人的积极性 D. 市场只有依靠法制才能形成 2.过去人们都认为知识就是力量,大多数教师都传授具体知识。教师教、学生听,学生被动地接受知识。新的教育观念认为:学生必须掌握独立探索的方法,获得不断深造的能力,具有与集体合作的品质,与她人合作解决问题的社交能力,具备自如表示思想的能力等等。这意味着()。 A. 旧的传统教育观念不教授学习方法 B. 知识本身没有多大的力量 C. 掌握方法比掌握知识更重要 D. 新旧两种教育观念是互相矛盾,互不相容的 3.田径场上正在进行100米决赛。参加决赛的是A、B、C、D、E、F六个人。关于谁会得冠军,看台上甲、乙、丙谈了自己的看法。 乙认为,冠军不是A就是B。 丙坚信,冠军绝不是C。 甲则认为,D、F都不可能取得冠军。 比赛结束后,人们发现她们三个中只有一个人的看法是正确的,请问谁是100米赛冠军?() A. A B. B C. C D. E 4.小说离不开现实生活,没有深入体验生活的人是不可能写出优秀作品的。因此()。 A. 诗人、小说家不可能年轻 B. 创作小说都是老人们的事 C. 要创作小说必须有足够的生活经验 D. 作小说要靠运气 5.羌特勒是一种野生的蘑菇,生长在能为它提供所需糖分的寄主树木——例如道格拉斯冷杉下面。反过来,羌特勒在地下的根茎细丝能够分解这些糖分,并为其寄主提供养分和水分。正是因为这种互惠的关系,采割道格拉斯冷杉下面生长的羌特勒会给这种树木造成严重的伤害。下面哪一个如果正确,对上面的结论提出了最强有力的质疑?() A. 近年来,野生蘑菇的采割数量一直在增加 B. 羌特勒不但生长在道格拉斯冷杉树下,也生长在其它寄主树木下面 C. 许多种野生蘑菇只能在森林里找到,它们不能轻易在别处被种植 D. 对野生蘑菇的采割激发了这些蘑菇将来的生长 )参考答案解析 1.B【解析】题干表示的意思是市场不能没有秩序,法律秩序好则市场经济好,因此得出的结论应当是B项。 2.C【解析】旧的教育观念是掌握知识,新的教育观念是掌握方法,新的之因此能够取代旧的就是认识到方法比知识更重要,因此答案为C。 3.C【解析】由题干可知,甲认为A、B、C或E是冠军,乙认为A或B是冠军,丙则认为 A、B、D、E或F可能是冠军,因为只有一个人正确,因此冠军应该是C或F,但选项中只有C,故答案为C。

高考英语阅读理解推理判断题的解题技巧

推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理,推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力,属深层理解题。此类试题的设计常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude等词。 这类题的设问方式主要有: (1)We can infer from the passage that ______. (2)What can be inferred from the passage? (3)Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? (4)It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ______. (5)The author suggest in this passage that ______. (6)The writer implies that ______. (7)It can be inferred that ______. (8)It can be concluded from the passage that ______. (9)On the whole, we can conclude that ______. (10)From the text we can conclude that ______. (11)After reading the passage we may conclude that ______. (12)What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? (13)The author is inclined to think that ______. (14)When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that______. (15)What's the writer's attitude towards...? (16)What's the author's feeling towards...?

阅读理解专题-推理判断题

2015年阅读理解专题--推理判断题 一.考纲解读: 设题角度: (1)细节推断题 (2). 推断隐含意义 (3). 推断作者观点或态度 (4). 推断写作目的 (5). 推断文章出处 (6). 推断上下文内容等 4.设问方式:It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know/learn (about) that …is most likely . The writer’s attitude toward… is______. The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____. The passage implies that _____. In writing the passage, the author intends to _____. The passage is most likely to be taken from______. Where would this passage most probably appear? The next paragraph would most probably deal with _______ 二. 技巧点拨 1. 细节推断题。 根据语篇关系,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等.一般可根据短文提供的信息,或结合生活常识来推断①要吃透文章的字面意思,捕捉有用的提示和线索②对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,进行深层处理,符合逻辑地推理。③要忠实 于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知,推断未知。 【题例1】In September, 1940, my mother, sister and I went to Swansea, where my father's ship was getting ready to sail, we brought him a family photograph to be kept with him at all times and keep him safe. (2011·湖南卷B篇)(1.5分钟) 61. We can infer that the mother and children went to Swansea ______. A. to meet a friend B. to see the father off C. to take a family photo D. to enjoy the sailing of the ship 【题例2】Understanding why members of her family and her friends would be there, AT asked why her dance teacher had traveled so far to see her compete(比赛). “She's always been my role model. I've danced with her since I was six. She's been through so many difficulties and came through them all. I've learned to get over bad life's experiences and learned how to move on because of her.”(the fourth paragraph) (2012·全国大纲卷 E篇)(2分钟) 57. Shelley takes her dance teachers as a role model mainly because she is ______. A. determined B. friendly C. strict D. experienced 2. 隐含意义题 这类题目往往要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理,推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事情。这类试题的题干中常含

中考英语阅读理解题细节理解题和推理判断题的解题技巧

中考英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题和推理判断题的解题技 巧 中考英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题和推理判断题的解题技巧细节理解题 阅读理解是中考的必考题型,因为它能全面快速地反映出学生的英语水平。阅读理解题型有很多种,但从命题角度来看,通常可以分为四种:即事实细节题、推理判断题、猜测词义题和主旨大意题。 事实理解题主要考查学生对文章中的细节与具体事实的把 握能力,内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果和目的等,属于浅层次的理解题,难度较低。同学们需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,发现文章中的细节信息,然后遵循由整体到细节的原则,把握作者的思路,按全文—段落—词语的步骤来解题。 一、命题特点 事实细节题的考点非常明确,主要有以下几处: 1、列举信息处常考。 文章中first…second, to begin with, in addition, on one hand, on the other hand等并列关系出现的地方,常会要求考生从所列的内容中,选择符合题干要求的选项。 2、举列与打比方之处常考。

考生要对那些引出例子或比喻的标志词,如as, such as, for example, for instance等加以注意,因为这些词是作者为使自己的观点更具说服力而用来引出具体事例的,这些事例就是常考的细节处。 3、指示代词出现处常考。 这类考题常用来考查学生是否真正了解上下文句子之间的逻辑关系。 4、引用人物论断处常考。 作者为正确表达自己的观点或使论点更有依据,常会引用某些权威人士的论断或采纳其重要的发现。 5、特殊标点符号后的内容常考。 因为特殊标点符号后的内容往往是对前面内容的进一步解释或说明,同学们注意到这些标点,也就注意到了细节。这些特殊符号包括表示解释的破折号、括号和冒号以及表示引用的引号等。 另外,事实细节题的选项也很有特点:通常正确答案不是照搬的原文;干扰选项则正好相反,有的来自原文信息,但不是题目要求的内容;有的符合常识,但不符合原文内容;有的与原句内容极为相似,只是在程度上有些变动;有的与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反;也有的是部分正确或部分错误。 二、解题方法

行测-演绎推理题型分析及解题技巧总结

1、演绎推理题型分析及解题技巧总结 所谓推理,是指由一个或几个已知的判断推导出另外一个新的判断的思维形式。一切推理都必须由前提和结论两部分组成。一般来说,作为推理依据的已知判断称为前提,所推导出的新的判断则称为结论。推理大体分为直接推理和间接推理。 只有一个前提的推理叫直接推理。例如:有的高三学生是共产党员,所以有的共产党员是高三学生。 一般有两个或两个以上前提的推理就是间接推理。例如:贪赃枉法的人必会受到惩罚,你们一贯贪赃枉法,所以今天你们终于受到法律的制裁和人民的惩罚。 一般说,间接推理又可以分为演绎推理、归纳推理和类比推理等三种形式。 1、演绎推理及其分类 所谓演绎推理,是指从一般性的前提得出了特殊性的结论的推理。例如:贪赃枉法的人是必定会受到惩罚的,你们一贯贪赃枉法,所以,你们今天是必定要受到法律的制裁、人民的惩罚的。这里,“贪赃枉法的人是必定会受到惩罚的”是一般性前提,“你们一贯贪赃枉法”是特殊性前提。根据这两个前提推出”你们今天是必定要受到法律的制裁和人民的惩罚的”这个特殊性的结论。 演绎推理可分为三段论、假言推理和选言推理。 1、三段论 (1)所谓三段论是推理中最普通的一种形式。它由三个简单判断组成,其中两个是前提,一个是结论。例如:不法分子都害怕法律的制裁(大前提);杀人犯是不法分子(小前提);所以杀人犯害怕法律的制裁(结论)。 (2)三段论的推理一般有三个特点: ①有三个判断; ②每个判断都有两个概念,整个推理共有三个不同的概念,每个概念都出现两次; ③在前提中都有一个概念起媒介的作用。 在逻辑学中,阐述三段论时,概念和判断都有一定的名称。即,在作结论的判断中的谓项称为大项(P);作主项的称为小项(S);在结论中不出现,在前提中起媒介作用的称为中项(M)。一般,包含大项的判断称为大前提,包含小项的判断称为小前提。 (3)我们在运用三段论时,还要遵守三个原则: ①一个三段论必须(也只能)有三个概念,特别是中项必须是同一概念,否则就会产生错误(通常把这种错误说为“偷换概念”)。例如:茅盾著作不是几天可以读完的;《白杨礼赞》是茅盾著作;所以,《白杨礼赞》不是几天可以读完的。 这里,在大前提中的“茅盾著作”指所有茅盾著作构成的总体,而小前提中的“茅盾著作”则是茅盾许多著作中的一种具体的著作,两者含义不同,已经不是三个概念,而是变成了四个概念,致使推理产生了错误。 ②中项在前提中至少周延一次。周延是在一个判断中对于主项和谓项是否全部断定,如全部断定就是周延,否则就是不周延。如果违反这条规则,就会犯“中项不周延”的错误。例如:劳模都参加了这次代表大会;刘波参加了这次代表大会;所以,刘波是劳模。 在这个推理中,大前提里,中项并没有全部断定,因为参加代表大会的并不一定都是劳模。在小前提里,中项也没有完全断定,因为出席代表大会的肯定不是只有刘波一个人。由于在大小前提中,中项都是不周延,所以,这个推理犯了“中项不周延”的错误(逻辑错误)。 ③在大前提中不周延的概念,在结论中也不能周延。否则就会造成“不当周延”的错误。例如:书记是做人的思想工作的;她不是书记;所以,她不是做人的思想工作的。在这个推理

2019高考英语阅读理解-推理判断题(含解析)

2019高考英语阅读理解-推理判断题(含解析) 一、阅读理解 1.根据短文理解,选择正确答案。 Here are six steps to better studying. Pay attention in class Do you have trouble paying attention in class? Are you sitting next to a loud person? Tell your teacher or parents about any problem that is preventing you from paying attention. Take good notes Write down facts that your teacher mentions or writes on the board. Try to use good handwriting so you can read your notes later. It's a good idea to keep your notes organized by subject. Plan ahead for tests and projects Waiting until Thursday night to study for Friday's test will make it hard to do your best. One of the best ways to make sure that doesn't happen is to plan ahead. Write down your test dates. You can then plan how much to do after school each day, and how much time to spend on each topic. Break it up When there's a lot to study, it can help to break things into several parts. Let's say you have a spelling test on 20 words. Instead of thinking about all of the words at once, try breaking them down into five-word groups and work on one or two different groups each night. Ask for help You can't study effectively if you don't understand the material. Be sure to ask your teacher for help. If you're at home when the confusion occurs, your mom or dad might be able to help. Sleep tight So the test is tomorrow and you've followed your study plan—but suddenly you can't remember anything! Don't panic. Your brain needs time to digest all the information you've given it. Try to get a good night's sleep and you'll be surprised by what comes back to you in the morning. (1)We know from the passage that a loud person is ________. A. a student who always answers questions loudly in class B. someone who likes to talk with others in a loud voice C. a student who likes speaking with others in class D. a person who makes a lot of noise in public places (2)If you don't understand what you have learnt, you can ________. A. read your notes over and over again B. turn to people around you for help C. put aside the material for later review D. ask your teacher to explain it the next day (3)By saying “Sleep tight”, what does the author mean?

有趣的推理公开课

有趣的推理公开课 教学过程: 一、情境导入 今天,有一位神秘的嘉宾来到我们班,你们想知道他是谁吗?想。下面我们一起用热烈的掌声掌声欢迎他出场,他是谁啊?请看(黑猫警长),你们觉得黑猫警长聪明吗? 黑猫警长有很强的推理能力,他开了一个“名侦探训练营”你想参加吗?今天这节课,让我们跟随黑猫警长一起来学习“有趣的推理”。(板书:有趣的推理) 首先我们来了解一下今天的游戏规则,黑猫警长柯南给大家设下了三关,只要你们能顺利地闯过三关,黑猫警长将为你们颁发小小侦探家的徽章,有信心去闯关吗 二、教授新知 第一关(我说你猜) 范老师和好朋友徐老师、颜老师3人的年龄分别是24,26,28.这三个年龄中的一个,范老师不是最大的,但是比颜老师大一些,学生在猜,最后指出:像刚才这样,我们根据几个数学信息推出问题的答案,就叫做推理。 第二关(火眼金睛) 师:请看第二关(火眼金睛) 1.第一题,请看大屏幕,课件出示题目 (1)谁来把题目大声地读一读“学校组织有足球、航模和电脑兴趣小组。淘气、笑笑和奇思根据自己的爱好分别参加了其中一组。” (2)老师有一个疑问:“分别参加了其中一组”是什么意思? 生帮助老师解决问题。 (3)补充问题:现在你们能确定他们每人分别参加了哪个兴趣小组吗?为什么? 生:不能,因为他们没有给我们条件,我们不能确定他们各自参加了哪个兴趣小组 师:对,咱门要推理得到确定的结果,咱门确实要有凭有据。 那好,黑猫警长根据孩子们的需要啊,给了大家三条信息 (4)师补充信息,请看大屏幕,我们一起来把这三条信息读一读“笑笑不喜欢踢足球,淘气不是电脑兴趣小组的,奇思喜欢航模”。 师:现在有了这些信息,你们能推理了吗?现在前后桌四个同学为一组,把你的想法与小组同学说一说。 每个小组拿出提卡1,现在每个小组派一名同学负责记录,一起把你们小组推理的过程记录在这张题卡1上。看看哪个小组的过程更有利于我们之间的交流,更能让大家简单明了。可以用写一写、连一连、画一画等方法。开始吧。 (5)小组代表开始记录小组的推理过程。 (6)全班交流 师:哪个小组愿意上来把你们的推理过程跟全班小朋友一起分享一下 小组发表看法,与全班交流。 请两个小组同学发表看法。(文字、连线) 我发现同学们想到了很多不同的方法来给大家做出了正确的推理,他们从这道题目中读懂了信息,寻找到了线索,所以顺利推理出了结果。这就是黑猫警长教给大家推理的第一招“读懂信息,寻找线索”。(板书:读懂信息,寻找线索) 这道题目黑猫警长给了我们三个信息“①笑笑不喜欢踢足球②淘气不是电脑小组的③奇思喜欢航模”,这三个信息中, 师:有一个信息最关键,根据这个信息可直接得到一种结果,是哪一句呢(奇思喜欢航模)这句话就是这道题的关键信息,因为它是一种肯定的语句,所以我们可以由此直接推出一种

2015考研英语阅读 推理判断题考点归纳

2015考研英语阅读推理判断题考点归纳 1、推理判断题的标志:infer,imply,suggest,All of the following/statements……NOT true/ correct/ mentioned EXCEPT 2. 应该每个选项都返回原文,找出出处 考生经常会在这种题型出错,其实主要就源于一个“懒”。 推理判断题经常四个选项是四个很长的句子,而且极有可能对应原文中截然不同的四个地方,考生就没有耐性一一定位。这是一种错误的方法,考生一定要每个选项都返回原文,找到相对应的考点。笔者接下来就考研经常在推理判断题中出现的考点做一个归纳总结。 A)正话反说: 这是考研的一个难点,即作者实际表达的意思和你读到的字面意思是相反的。很多考生没有真正理解文章意思,只停留在字面意思的理解,经常会选错答案。而正话反说又可以分为以下几类: Should:应该怎样?也就意味着实际上并没有那么干,也就是作者想表达的意思和字面意思相反。 It looks/sounds like/as if:看/听上去好像,实际并不是。如大纲样题(1997年真题第5篇)的首句“Much of the language used to describe monetary policy,such as ”steering the economy to a soft landing“ or ”a touch on the brakes“,makes it sound like a precise science.”下划线的字面意思直译“使之听上去好像一门精确的科学”,作者实际表达的意思货币政策并不是一门精确的科学。 虚拟语气:虚拟以所谓的反事实假设,即作者是既表达的意思和字面意思相反。如1996年第五篇的末句“And so it does - and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.”本句话字面意思直译是“如果理性成为创世论和进化论这场争 议的惟一评判标准,那么一切都会变得好了”,作者实际表达的意思就是理性既不是惟一评判标准,而今天情况也并不好。 让步论述:让步论述就是先假设作者观点负面成立,从而引发出一系列荒谬的、不合理的结局,倒过来再次论证作者自身观点的正确性。因为有假设能成立的过程,事实上并不能成立,因此字面意思和实际意思依然是相反的。如大纲样题(1997年第5篇)首段“Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen,a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty stee ring wheel.”如果把货币政策比成开汽车的话(前文论证过货币政策不能比喻成开汽车,这里就是假设其观点的负面成立),那么你就是开着一辆前挡风玻璃是黑的,后视镜是碎的,方向盘是坏的车(荒谬的不合理的结局)。倒过来论证货币政策不能比成开汽车。

阅读理解推理判断题的答题技巧

阅读理解推理判断题的答题技巧 主要考查学生对文章中隐含或深层的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断,包括考生对作者观点的理解,态度的判断,对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。题干关键词:infer(推断),indicate(象征;暗 示),imply/suggest(暗示),conclude(作出结论),assume(假定,设想)。 1.细节推理判断题 一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断,常见命题形式有: Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthetextthat_____. Theauthorimplies/suggeststhat_____. Wemayinferthat_____. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedbutNOTstated? 2.预测推理判断题 根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测,常见命题形式有: Whatdoyouthinkwillhap penif/when…? Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite_____. 3.推测文章来源或读者对象 常见命题形式有:

Thepassageisprobablytakeoutof_____. Thepassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_____. Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom? 4.写作意图、目的、态度推断题 作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里,只能通过细读文章,从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。 询问写作目的的题,选项里常出现的词是:explain(解 释),prove(证明),persuade(劝说),advise(劝告),comment(评论),praise(赞扬),criticize(批评),entertain(娱 乐),demonstrate(举例说明),argue(辩论),tell(讲述),analyze(分析)等。 询问语气态度的题,选项里常出现的词是:neutral(中立的),sympathetic(同情的),satisfied(满意的),friendly(友好 的),enthusiastic(热情的),subjective(主观的),objective(客观的),matter-of-fact(实事求是的),pessimistic(悲观 的),optimistic(乐观的),critical(批评的),doubtful(怀疑 的),hostile(敌对的),indifferent(冷淡的),disappointed(失望的)。常见命题形式有: Thepurposeofthetextis_____. Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext? Bymentioning…,theauthoraimstoshowthat_____. Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards…?

如何做高中英语阅读理解中的推理判断题 教案

Reading Comprehension —how to make inferences By Sun Yunping Gaoyou City No.1 Middle School Teaching aim: To i mprove the students’ ability of make inferences Teaching difficult point: How to improve the students’ ability of doing task-based reading Teaching aid: Multimedia Teaching procedures: Step One: Lead-in Have a free talk with students and find out the difficulty that they have in doing reading Comprehension. 1.How much time do you usually spend on this exam item? 2. 解读20XX年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能: 1、理解语篇主旨要义; 2、理解文中具体信息; 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义; 4、作出简单判断和理解; 5、理解文章的基本结构; 6、理解作者的意图和态度; 7 、根据所读,用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作关键词词语转换。3.How many question types are there in this exam item? 事实细节型;词义猜测型;主旨大意型;推理判断型 Step Two: Finding out ways Give students a sample and then help them get the relative ways to solve each question type. Then let them do some practice. 1).How to infer the implied meanings(推断隐含意义) 【Sample】 It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you don’t turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to(依附)the underside will die. You can tell that rocks ________.(B) A. hurt sea animals B. protect sea animals C. won’t be found on beaches D. can’t be found on beaches

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档