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中考英语总复习介词教案教学文案

中考英语总复习介词教案教学文案
中考英语总复习介词教案教学文案

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古之成大事者,不惟有超士之才,亦有坚韧不拔之志。

Every one can be successful,but there are so many different ways.Which one could make it come true,it's up to yourself! Just try your best to do it!

第二次课

一.主要内容

介词的分类,用法及区别

二.知识要点

1.介词的分类

①根据介词的构成形式分类

A.简单介词

由一个词构成的介词称为简单介词

at,in,on,or,near,after,with,before…

B. 合成介词

由两个词合成的介词称为合成介词

inside,outside,onto,into,nearby,without……

C. 双重介词

由两个简单介词重叠在一起构成的介词称为双重介词

fom behind,until after,from among……

D. 短语介词

由一个或者几个简单介词和一个或者几个其他词类组合而成的介词称为短语介词

a the back of,instead of,in place of,on the point of,thanks to……

E. V-ing形式介词

在英语中一部分V-ing式具备介词性质,在很多情况下将它们视为介词。

including,onsidering,regarding

②根据介词的意义分类

A.表示时间的介词

at,on,in,about,around,between,before,since……

B.表示地点方位的介词

at,under,beside,inside,close to,off,down,beyond,along……

C.表示手段施动者的介词

like, with, in,by

D.表示其他含义的介词

except,esides,instead of

2.介词短语的句法功能

介词和名词,代词,数词,副词,从句,v-ing形式一起构成介词短语,介词短语可以在句中作主语,表语,补足语,定语,状语,插入语等。

1.做主语

From Shanghai to Los Angels is about 17 hours flight.从上海到洛杉矶要飞行大约17个小时。

2.做表语

My father was in the army two years ago. 两年前我父亲在部队。

This book will be of great use to you. 这本书对你会有很大的用处。

3.做补足语

W hen she woke up,she found herself in hospital.当她醒来时,她发现自己躺在医院里。

He is considered as the greatest leader in China. 他被认为是中国最伟大的领袖。

4.做定语

The book on the desk is very interesting. 书桌上的那本书很有趣。

The young man from Guilin is my uncle. 从桂林来的那位年轻人是我叔叔。

We visited the museum in the centre of the city. 我们参观了市中心的博物馆。

5.做状语

Class begins at half past seven. (时间) 7时半开始上课。

His parents work on a farm. (地点) 他父母在农场工作。

She came here by train. (方式) 她乘火车来这里。

You don’t have to worry about that. (原因) 你不必为那件事担心。

6.做插入语

He was too careless,in a word,he made too many mistakes. 他太粗心了,总之,他犯的错误太多了。

3.介词的位置

介词一般放在介词宾语之前(介词宾语:用在介词后的名词或相当于名词的词或者短语),但是在下列情况中,介词一般后置

(1)介词宾语为疑问代词时

What are you interested in?你对什么感兴趣?

Whom did he talk with just now?刚才他在和谁说话?

(2)感叹句中介词也可后置

What great trouble we are in!我们现在的麻烦可真大啊!

(3)介词宾语为关系代词时

All that I am interested in is travelling. 我所感兴趣的是旅行。

(4)被动句中含有介词的短语动词

The sick and the old here are taken good care of. 病人和老人在这里都被照顾的很好。All these things will be talked about next time. 所有的一切将在下一次讨论。(5)其他情况下

She is a nice girl to work with. 她是一个值得一起工作的好女孩。

The music is worth listening to once again. 这首歌值得再听一遍。

4.介词的用法和区别

(1)时间介词的用法辨析

①时间介词in、on、at、by的用法辨析

介词in用来表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如:in the morning 介词on用来表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间。如:on a rainy day

介词at用来表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等。如:at noon

介词by表示…的时候、到、等到…已经等用在天、时间的前面。如:by 2 o‘clock ②时间介词in与after 的用法辨析

介词in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.

介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如:My mother came home after half an hour.

介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.

③时间介词for与since的用法辨析

介词for 表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years.

介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 2000.

④时间介词during与for的用法辨析

当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如:He swims every day during the summer.

如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如:I haven’t seen her for years.

⑤时间介词before与by的用法辨析

介词before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .

介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.

⑥时间介词till与until用法的异同

till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…为止”,如:I will wait till (until)seven o'clock.

till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。

如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.

till多用于普通文体,而 until则用于多种文体,并且在句子开头时,用until 而不用till。

如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.

⑦不用介词表达时间的几种情况

当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning

当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如:next Sunday

当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday

当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day.

(2)方位介词与地点介词的用法辨析

①方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析

介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如:The book is on the table.

介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river?

介词above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed.

②方位介词under与below的用法辨析

介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”,如:They were seen under the tree.

介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us.

③方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析

介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。

如:She went across the street to make some purchases.

介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过。

如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.

介词over多表示从“上方越过”,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.

介词past表示从“面前经过”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.

④方位介词in、on、at的用法辨析

介词in表示“排、行、组”,如:We are in Team One.

介词on表示“左、右”,如:Li Ping is on my left.

介词at表示“前、后”,如:I sit at the front of the classroom.

⑤方位介词to、for的用法辨析

介词to表示目的地或去的目的,如:Wil you take a train to Tianjian.

介词for表示动身去某地,如:He got on a train for Shanghai.

⑥地点介词at与in的用法辨析

介词at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如:He lives at a small village.

介词in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.

⑦地点介词at与on的用法辨析

介词at用于门牌号,如:He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.

介词on用于路名,如:He lives on Nanjing Road.

⑧地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析

介词in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north of China.

介词on表示“紧邻”如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S.

介词to表示“没接触”如:France lies to the south of England.

(3)其他易混介词的用法辨析

①动作介词to与toward的用法辨析

介词to表示向某处移动,如:They were driving to work together.

介词toward 表示移向某处,如:We're moving toward the light.

②原因介词because、as、for的用法辨析

介词because表示“因为;由于”指直接的、明确的原因,用来回答why的问句,语气最强。

如:The boy was absent because he was ill.

介词as表示“由于;鉴于”指一种显而易见、谈话双方已知的理由。

如:She stayed at home as she had no car.

介词for表示“因为;由于”指一种间接原因,甚至只是一种附带的说明。

如:It must have rained last night, for the road is wet.

③材料介词of和from的用法

介词of用于成品与材料的性质不变时,如:The desk is made of wood.

介词from用于成品与材料的性质已变时,如:Wine is made from grapes.

④表示“用”的介词in、with、by的用法辨析

介词in表示“用材料、语言”如:Can you say it in English?

介词with表示“用工具、某物”如:with a pen

介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”如:He prefers traveling by car.

⑤介词between与among的用法辨析

介词between 表示“在两者之间”如:Don’t sit between the two girls.

介词among表示“在…当中(三者或以上)”如:They lived among the mountains in the past.

⑥介词besides与except的用法辨析

介词besides表示“除…之外(全部计算在内)”如:We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.

介词except表示“除…之外(不计算在内)”如:We are all Chinese except Tom in our class

5.介词的常见搭配

英语许多动词、形容词和名词都与特定的介词搭配,我们必须熟悉这些搭配关系。

1.动词与介词(或副词)的搭配

add…to 加到……上agree with 同意(某人)

arrive at(in) 到达ask for 询问

begin…with 从……开始believe in 相信

break into 闯入break off 打断

break out 爆发bring down 降低

bring in 引进bring up 教育,培养

build up 建起burn down 烧光

call back 回电话call for 要求约请

call in 召来call on 拜访访问

care for 喜欢carry on 继续开展

carry out 实行开展check out 查明结帐

clear up 整理,收拾come about 发生,产生

come across (偶然)遇见come out 出来

come to 共计达到compare…with 与……比较

compare to 比作cut off 切断

date from 始于depend on 依靠

devote to 献于die out 灭亡

divide up 分配dream of 梦想

fall off 下降fall over 跌倒

feed on 以……为食get down to 专心于

get through 通过give in 让步,屈服

give out 分发give up 放弃

go abroad 出国go against 反对

go on with 继续go through 浏览

grow up 生长hand down 传下来

hear about 听说hold out 伸出

join up 连接起来keep off 让开,不接近

keep on 继续lead to 导致

live on 靠……为生look down upon 看不起

look forward to 盼望look into 调查

look out 当心look(a) round 仔细查看

set off 动身set up 建立

show off 炫耀shut up 住口

speed up 加速stand for 代表,象征

stick to 坚持suffer from 遭受

talk of 谈论think of 考虑,想起

try out 试验turn down 调低

turn off 关掉worry about 担心

2.介词成语

1)英语中有大量成语由介词构成,单是一些常用介词就可构成大量成语:

at:

at a stretch 一连,连续地at a time 一次,每次

at ease 稍息,安心at first sight 一见(钟情)

at first 最初,开始时at heart 在内心

at home 在家,随便at last 最后

at least 至少at length 最后,详细地

at most 至多at once 立即,同时

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