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带式输送机英文翻译

带式输送机英文翻译
带式输送机英文翻译

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带式输送机系统的运作效率的最优控制

摘要:

带式输送机系统的能源效率的提高可以通过设备和操作水平实现。文献中提到的开关控制和可变速控制可以改善皮带输送机的能源效率。目前的应用主要集中在较低的水平控制循环或不在系统级别操作顾虑的个别皮带输送机。在本文中,最优开关控制和基于最优控制的变速驱动(VSD)可以提高皮带输送机系统在操作水平过程中的的能源效率,使用时间的效率,斜坡带速和其他率制度约束的也会被考虑到。把燃煤电厂煤碳输送系统作为一个案例研究,通过这两个最优控制策略实现了能源的巨大节约。此外,案例研究也证明,基于最优控制的VSD也实现了相当客观的的能源节约。

关键字:皮带输送系统运作效率最有开关控制基于变速驱动器的最优控制

1.说明

皮带输送机广泛用于处理散装材料的中长距离输送,因为它有比其他输送方式较高的运输效率。能源成本决定了很大一部分皮带输送机的运营成本(高达40%根据[1])。作为一个整体,材料处理消耗了大部分的能源供应,例如,在南非消耗材料处理部门消耗了电力供应的10%[2]。因此,为了减少能源消耗或者材料处理的能源成本,这对提高带式输送机的能源效率是非常重要的,这也是带式输送机技术主要发展之一[3]。

带式输送机是典型的从电气能转换为机械能的能源转换系统,其能源效率可分为四个部分:性能效率,操作效率,设备效率和技术效率。对于大多数的能源系统,能源效率的提高可以很容易的实施于操作效率和设备效率。这确实适用于带式输送机。同时它还指出设备效率和操作效率决定执行效率,执行效率通常由各种外部指标反映,比如能源消耗、能源成本或温室气体的排放。另一方面,性能指标可以驾驭一个操作并使其工作在最佳效率模式下。

带式输送机的设备效率的提高可以通过应尽高效率设备或者提高现有设备的工作效率来实现。托辊,皮带和驱动系统是提高设备效率的主要部件。所有的纵向主要通过托辊阻力转移,因此,托辊对带式输送机的效率有很大的影响。影响托辊的设计,装配,

润滑,轴承密封,维护参考[4]。长距离输送机的能源消耗通过改善托辊的安排来减少[5]。节能托辊的介绍和测试[6]。皮带的性能受到弯曲阻力至关重要的影响,这是总阻力最重要的因素。能源优化带的开发[7]通过改善带的结构和橡胶化合物来实现。节能电机和可变速驱动器(VSDS)推荐参考[8]。常用软启动器以减少在启动时的皮带张力,此外,他们还减少能源消耗[9]。一般来说,设备效率导向的方案需要额外的投资以及某些设备的效率提高的机会是有限的。

带式输送机能源效率的提高可以通过操作水平的提高来实现。通过协调两个或两个以上的内部子系统的运作效率,或通过系统组件和时间的协调,或通过系统和人工操作的协调来提高能源系统的运作效率。在[11,12,10]里提出了两种带式输送机负荷转移的方法。它们协调带式输送机的开/关状态和时间,以实现更高的运作效率,以此实现更高的性能效率。然而,这些设计方法,用来节省成本,而不是能源,因为他们只是根据使用时间效率把工作转移到不同的时间段。在文献中,为了带式输送机的能源效率建议使用速度控制。这样做的目的是为了控制皮带速度以保持沿着整个输送带上的大量物料。在大多数的文献中,进给率和皮带速度的妥善协调被认为具有较高的操作效率,即使这一说法偶尔招到怀疑,例如,在[13]中的两个特殊情况。在[14]中,带式输送机的VSDs得到进一步的调查。在[15]中基于输送和负载系统VSD的理论分析和实践验证显示,能源消耗大大减少(15-30%),维护成本(10-30%)随着动态皮带张力大大减少(30%)而减少。在[16,17]中采用皮带速度的闭环控制。负载依赖于控制策略,同样适用于在[18]中的乘客输送机能源优化。如今,速度控制的想法已经被工业行业所采用并成功地应用于一些实际项目[15,16,19,20]。目前的速度控制策略采用较低水平的控制循环或多速驱动器来提高个别带式输送机的运作效率[16,17]。额外的设备,如激光扫描仪[16]和辐射密度测量装置[17],需要测量加载水平,是电流控制策略的控制变量。此外,目前的控制策略不能用来处理系统的约束和外部约束,如存储容量,特别是有一个需要协调多个带输送机的输送系统的情况下。

本文的主要目的是引入最优控制皮带输送机系统,以提高能源利用效率。一个最佳的开关控制策略和基于最优控制的VSD战略将被提出。我们以皮带输送机的能量计算模型开始。那么皮带输送机系统最优开关控制的问题,VSD的运作效率的最优控制问题将被制定。他们把分时电价考虑在内,并考虑其他相关的约束,达到能源成本最小化。这种性能效率的经济指标是受雇于两个最优控制策略来驱动带式输送机运作在其最佳效

率状态。我们使用一个在燃煤电厂包括五个皮带输送机的煤炭输送系统作为案例研究。最佳开关控制策略,VSD的最优控制策略和电流控制策略将分别应用于没碳输送系统。其仿真结果将被提交。

文章的结构如下:在第2节,介绍皮带输送机的能源计算模型。第3节,两个最优控制策略的制定。第4节,采取在燃煤电厂的煤碳输送系统作为一个研究案例。第5节是仿真结果,最后一节是的结论。

2.能源计算模型

3.带式输送机的最优控制

3.1最优开关控制的问题

3.2基于VSD的最优控制问题

4.燃煤发电厂煤炭输送系统的案例研究

4.1系统概述

4.2煤炭消耗量的预测

4.3 假设系统

4.4电流控制策略

4.5最佳开关控制策略的制定

5.仿真结果

在本节中,当前的控制策略,最优开关控制的策略和基于VSD的最优控制策略均被模拟。一个24小时负荷作业连同相应的煤的消耗速率,如Table2所示,用于以下的仿真。这两个单元都应该具有相同的负荷分配。这一假设来自两个单元都有相同的特征这一事实事实。以下所有的模拟,根据电厂的规格,ICB和w被分别设为50%×TCB和500,;另外,驱动器效率η和电机的效率η分别设为0.9408和0.945。

实际上,许多带式输送机操作低于额定的反馈速度,即使有带空载运行。馈线负载限制不当操作程序是造成这个现象的主要原因。为了分析有限反馈速度的影响,两个条件(反馈速度上限Tp=1500 t/h和Tp=750t/h)分别用于测试。

5.1. Tp= 1500 t/h

每小时一千五百吨是带式输送机的额定反馈速率。首先,没有最优化的电流控制策略应用于输送系统,结果如图2所示。其次,最优开关控制的策略进行了仿真,结果如图3所示。第三,基于VSD的最佳控制策略进行模拟仿真得到的结果如图4所示。在电流控制策略或最佳开关控制策略条件下,根据假设带式输送机运行参数为:V=2.5米/秒、T = 1500 t/h(当开关开启)或者V=0米/秒T = 0 t/h(开关关闭)。电流控制策略的可行性有图2可以证明。然而,在繁忙时间运行皮带输送机而没有考虑分时电价,结果将会导致更高的能源成本。在图3中,带式输送机运行在相关约束最优控制状态。这些操作指令总是使带式输送机的工作时间避开繁忙时间,以尽量减少能源成本。基于VSD的最优控制策略,在高峰时间带式输送机停止工作以节省能源成本,如图4所示。在非繁忙时间和标准时间,进给率和皮带速度优化协调,以获得较高的操作效率。在图4中,C7的速度总是比C4的低。这是由于经过破碎机后煤的容重增加。

图2. 电流控制策略 Tp= 1500 t/h.

图3. 最优开关控制策略Tp= 1500 t/h.

图4 基于VSD最优控制策略 Tp= 1500 t/h.

三个策略的累计能源成本和累计能源消耗分别如图5和图6。我们采取电流控制策略作为基准。如Table 3所示,最优开关控制策略把能源成本急剧减少到28.26%,然而,它几乎不能节省能源,因为它仅仅优化能源消耗的时间而并非如何消耗。在图6中,最优开关控制的策略比电流控制策略消耗更多的累积能量,因为前者输送更多的煤,如

Table 3所示。另一方面,从Table 3可以看出,基于VSD的最优控制策略节省5.38%的能源和37.38%的成本。其降低成本的大部分来自协调分时电价和皮带输送机的工作时间,另一部分来自能源的节约。能源节约是通过控制每个带式输送机反馈速率和带速来实现的,以保持它的QG接近最大价值Q G_ MAX。C4–C8的额定进给率不能协调带的最佳额定速度,这是来自基于VSD最优控制的能源节约。

图5 累计成本 Tp= 1500 t/h

图6 累计能源消耗 Tp= 1500 t/h

5.2. Tp= 1500 t/h

6.结论

一般可以通过四个组成部分中的任何一个来提高带式输送机系统的能源效率(性能,

操作,设备和技术)。本文侧重于最实用的部分——运行效率。最优开关控制策略和基于VSD的最优控制策略的提出分别提高了带式输送机的运作效率。前者结合运作状态和分时电价并考虑到其他系统和外部约束而形成一个目标函数。在此控制策略下,通过最佳协调皮带输送机的开/关状态和时间,带式输送机的运作效率得到提高。基于VSD的最优控制策略将带式输送机的能源模型、分时电价和带速度的斜率考虑在目标函数内。这个策略,通过最佳控制操作设备并考虑到这些设备的工作时间,带速和进给率来提高皮带输送机的运作效率。通过调度能源何时被利用或者是操作系统的人工技能来协调两个或两个以上的物理子系统,这的确反映了系统的运作效率。皮带输送系统的运作效率是通过优化性能指标来实现的,换句话说,性能指标驱动操作在其最佳效率状态。把燃煤发电厂的输煤系统作为一个研究案例,最佳的开关控制策略实现了能源成本大幅降低,但是,它几乎不能节约能源。另一方面,基于VSD的最优控制策略大大减少了能源成本,这意味着,它也能大大减少能源消耗。能源消耗的减少,考虑到经济意义,使得基于VSD的最优控制策略成为能源管理的一个可持续发展计划。此外,可以得出一个结论:具有较高带速或较低进给率的皮带输送机,对于提高运作效率具有很大的潜力。

仿真还表明,两个最优控制策略的计算不是非常复杂。因此,他们可以结合现存的CSC或通过个别工业控制计算机来实施(IPC)。这两个最优控制策略可以通过开环控制或闭环控制来实施。开环控制实现指导操作者在不用参阅现存控制系统的条件下,实现带式输送机系统的最优操作。另一方面,闭环控制直接驱动皮带输送机,使其实现最佳的操作指令。皮带输送机系统自动的工作在其最佳运作效率状态,与此同时,这也减轻了操作者的负担。这两个皮带输送机系统的最优控制策略被作为一般的最优控制问题而被制定。因此,它们可以方便地应用于其他输送系统或类似的工业应用领域。

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