聚焦that引导的宾语从句（上）
【焦点一】概念理解宾语从句,就是一个句子充当宾语，即由“主谓宾”构成的句子,当它的宾语部分是由一个句子充当时,这个句子就叫宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词很多，下面让我们谈谈由连接代词that引导的宾语从句。
【焦点二】引导词亮相that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。
【焦点三】用法透视that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。
1. 作及物动词，如：say, think, tell, know, hear, see, hope, wish, remember, forget 等的宾语。如：
She says that she will help me learn English this evening. 她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。
2. 作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in之后。如：
He is a good boy except that he is careless. 他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。
3. 作“be + 形容词”结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure, glad, certain, pleased, sorry, happy, afraid等，连词that可省略。如：
I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。
【焦点四】关注时态主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较：
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
【特别提醒】当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如：
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。
聚焦that引导的宾语从句（下）
【焦点五】难点探测
1. that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都省略，在以下情况下，that不能省略。
(1) 从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；
We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。
(2) and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：
He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。
(3) that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
2. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：
We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday. 小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。
3. 宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如：
(1) 我认为今晚他不能来。
【误】I think he can’t come this evening.
【正】I don’t think he can come this evening.
(2) 他认为我们现在不在教室里。
【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now.
【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.
【特别警示】含有“否定转移”现象的句子，主句的主语必须是第一人称，此时，变成反意疑问句，附加问句要由从句来决定；如果主句的主语是其他人称，附加问句要由主句来决定。如：
I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？
He thinks I can come, doesn’t he? 他认为我能来，是不是？
4. 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如：hardly, never, seldom, no, few, little等，其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如：
We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he? 我们发现他不常看他的妈妈，是吗？
5. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that ...（据说……）；It is known that ...（众所周知……）；It is reported that ...（据报告……）等等当作固定句式来运用。如：
It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。
涉及that等引导的定语从句 定语从句历年都是高考的重难点，尤其是涉及that，which，as的考题。下面是定语从句的语法规则和具体应用，希望同学们好好揣摩。 一、限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况 1. 当先行词是anything，everything，nothing （something 除外），few，all，none，little，some等代词时，或者是由every，any，all，some，no，little，few，much，each等词修饰时。例如： Have you taken down everything （that）Mr. Smith has said？你记下了斯密思先生说的一切吗？ There seems to be nothing （that）seems impossible for him in the world. 对他来说，没有什么不可能。 There is little （that）I can do for you. 对你，我无能无力。 由此可知，一般情况下，可将that用括号括住。部分时候that也可以省略。例如： All that can be done has been done. 今日事，今日毕。 此外，当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who。例如： Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a bad
thing. 任何一个有责任感的人不会做这样的坏事。 2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时，例如： The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 他们访问伦敦时，首先去看大本钟。 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，例如： This is the best movie that I have seen. 这是我看过最棒 的电影。 4. 当形容词被the very，the only，the same，the last，any，little等修饰时，例如： This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy. 这是很好的词典，我想买。 After the fire in his house，the old motorcycle is the only thing that he owned. 家里失火后，旧摩托是他唯一所有的东西了。 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who，例如： Erik is the only person in our company who will attend the meeting. 艾里克是我们公司唯一出席会议的人。 5. 当先行词前面有who，which等疑问代词时，例如： Who is the man that is sitting at the corner？坐在角落里的是谁？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most？什么T恤衫最配我？
表语从句用法详解(例句丰富) 一、表语从句的引导词 引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词，关系代词型what，以及as if, as though, because等连词。 1. 由that引导 The fact is that he doesn’t really try. 事实是他没有做真正的努力。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。 My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。 His sole requirement was (is) that the system work. 他唯一的要求是这个制度能起作用。 My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. 我的意见是我们马上就开始做准备工作。 2. 由whether引导 The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。 3. 由连接代词引导 You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我过去所想像的人。 The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
The question is who (m) we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。 What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。 4. 由连接副词引导 The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。 That was when I was fifteen. 这是我15岁时发生的事。 That’s where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。 That’s why he didn’t come. 这就是他没有来的缘故。 That’s why I object to the plan. 这就是我反对这个计划的原因。 That’s where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。 5. 由关系代词型what引导 That’s what I want to stress. 这是我想强调的。 That’s what we are here for. 我们来这里就为了这个。 Fame and personal gain is what they’re after. 他们追求的是名利。 He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的他了。 6. 由as if / as though引导 It isn’t as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你离开不回来了。
THAT用法总结 第一、that 用作形容词（后接复数名词时用those） 它用来指已被提到的人或物；也可表对比，指两个中较远的那个。 What about that book you borrowed from me last month？ 请注意，that 有时候在句子中具有喜欢或轻蔑等感情色彩。 that little son of his 他那个小宝贝儿子 That George！乔治那家伙！（含有轻蔑语气） 第二、that 用作代词。 1. that 用作指示代词（复数形式是those），其指代意义同形容词用法，同时它还可以用作定语从句中的先行词；还可为了避免重复，代替前述名词。 .that用来替代前面提到的特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词.代替可数名词可以用the one替换.但其前面不可用任何限定词修饰.例如: 1)The population of China is larger than that of Japan.(that代替不可数名词population,不可用the one替换) 2)The headteacher in your class is younger and more active than that in theirs.(that代替可数名词headteacher,可用the one替换) that 代替指物的单数可数名词或抽象不可数名词，一般是特指的 those 代替指人或指物的复数名词，一般是特指的=the ones one 代替指人或指物的单数可数名词，一般是泛指的 ones 代替指人或指物的复数名词，一般是泛指的 That is what he told me. What is that (which) you have got in your hand? The price of rice is higher than that of flour. 2. that 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句。先行词可人可物，用法相当于who或which。（但是在下列情况下多用that：先行词既有人又有物时；先行词有形容词最高级、序数词、不定代词、very，only等修饰时；先行词是不定代词时）He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. I think it one of the most wonderful films that the film company has ever produced. She has little information that is useful for our research. Is there anything that I can do for you? 请注意，that 在定语从句中作宾语时通常可省略。 The books (that) I sent you will help you in your studies. 第三、that 用作连词，引导名词性从句,状语从句和强调句。 1. that名词性从句。 ①引导宾语从句。及物动词后的引导词that可省略。 I didn't expect (that) he could win the championship. The teacher pointed out that Tom was not working hard enough.
That 引导的宾语从句 如：he suggests that the park is very popular. Lingling thinks the park will be busy . I don’t think they allow people to swim in the lake . 放在动词后面作宾语的句子，叫宾语从句。分三类，，一类是that 引导的宾语从句，二是whether(无论)/if 如果，引导的宾语从句。还有就是连接代词，连接副词引导的宾语从句。 （1）that 引导宾语从句，that 没有实际意义，通常可以省略。但不一定所有的动词可以接that 宾语从句。常用的有：suggest think believe expect feel hear hope prefer Promise report say see tell understand warn(警告) （2）有时that 是不能省略 宾语从句主语是that,如：he says that that is a useful book. 当宾语从句前有插入语时。如：it says ,on the card ,that it is made in China. 当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。I’m afraid that you lost it ,you must pay for it 当两个或多个宾语从句并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中that 可以省略外，其 它从句的that 不能省略。如：he says the film was interesting and that he enjoy it. (3)宾语从句的时态 主句现在的现在某种时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时）从句可根实际情况来定。 如果主句是过去的某种时态（过去进行时，一般过去时）宾语从句一定要过去的某种时态。（包括，一般过去，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时） 宾语从句表示是客观事实或真理，主句是过去式，从句也用一般现在时。 Teacher told me that the earth is round . (4)宾语从句中的否定转移， 谓语动词是think believe 等，做否定时，主句是否定，从句是肯定句。
一．把下列两个句子连接成含有宾语从句的主从复合句。 1.There will be a sports meeting next week.Our teacher says. 2.He can get well soon. I hope. 3.The boy runs the fastest in our school. I think. 4.He wants to travel to Beijing. He tells me. 5.Our Chinese teacher is going to America to study.I hear. 6.She isn’t at home right now.I’m afraid. 7.I can meet you here again. I’m glad. 8.Her mother is ill. She said. 9.He plans to plant a tree here. I heard. 10.Some foreigners will visit our school . Our teacher told us. 11.The earth is round. Our science teacher told us . 12.Light travels faster than sound. He said. 13.He is cleaning is car.His father said. 14.She slept very well yesterday. I felt. 15.Our football team will win. We are sure. 16.I missed the plane . I am sorry. 17.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. He told me. 18.He isn’t wrong. I think. 19.I know ____ he is a teacher. A. where
so…that 、such…that、so that的用法 so…that…和such…that…引导的分句都是结果状语从句，so that既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。 一、s o... that...句型中的so是副词，常常用来修饰形容词或副词，意思是“如此/这么……以致于……” 1. 常用句型为：主语+谓语+so+adj. / adv. + that从句。 The boy ran so fast that I couldn't catch him. He was so angry that he couldn't say a word. 2. so+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+that从句。例如： She made so good a meal that we all ate far too much. 她做的饭菜那么好吃，结果我们都吃得太多了。 It was so good an exhibition that I went to see it several times. 展览是那么好，结果我就去看了好几次。 It was so fine a day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic. 昨天天气很好，我们都出去野餐了。 3. so+many / much / few / little（少）+名词+that从句。 当名词前有many、much、few、little（少）等词修饰时，句子中要用so...that...而不能用such...that...。例如：I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over. 我跌了那么多跤，全身跌得青一块，紫一块的。 There was so much work to do that everybody got bored. 有这么多的事要做，人人都感到厌烦了。 There was so little water in the jar that it was not enough for all of us. 缸里的水太少，不够我们这些人用的。 （注：当little的意思是“小”时，仍用such...that...） 二、在such... that...句型中，such修饰名词，意思也是“如此……以致于……”。such…that…引导四种不同的 句子结构： 1. such+a(n)+形容词+单数名词+that从句。例如： This is such a good book that all of us like it very much. 这是一本很好的书，我们大家都喜欢读一读。 It was such a fine day that nobody wanted to stay at home. 天气这么好，没有人愿意呆在家里不出去。 It was such an interesting film that I saw it twice. 这是一部很有意思的电影，我看了两次。 2. such+形容词+复数名词+that从句。例如： He had such long arms that he could almost touch his knees. 他的胳膊很长，几乎就能够到他的膝盖。 They are such good students that the teacher likes them. 他们都是很好的学生，老师喜欢他们。 3. such+（形容词）+不可数名词+that从句，例如： It was such fine weather yesterday that we went swimming. 昨天天气很好，我们去游泳了。 4. one (no, any, all, many, some, several, 等)+such+可数名词+that从句。例如： There are many such good books that I can’t decide which one to choose. 有这么多的好书，我无法决定选择哪一本。He gave us several such examples about the phrase that we understood it pretty well. 关于这个短语，他举了好几个这样的例句，我们终于完全弄懂了。 三、so that 既可以引导目的状语从句又可以引导结果状语从句． 引导目的状语从句时可译为"为了" ,引导结果状语从句时可译为"以便" 如：I speak loudly so that all the students can hear me clearly.(目的状语从句) Maria likes the woolen dress so that she decides to buy it immediately .(结果状语从句) (1)so that引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should 等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词。 (2) So that引导的目的状语从句之前不用逗号，而so that引导的结果状语从句与主句之间往往有逗号相隔开 （即略作停顿），意思是“因此;所以”。请比较： He worked hard at his lessons so that he could gain high grades in the exams.他努力学习功课，争取考试能获得好成绩。 He worked hard at his lessons, so that he gained high grades in the exams.他努力学习，结果考试获得了好成绩。 四、“so…that…”和“such…that…”可以相互转换
表语从句详解 一、概念 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句.放在系动词之后,一般结构是主 语+系动词+表语从句可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等. 可以接表语从句的系动词有: 1.be(being,been,am,is,are,was,were) 2. feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3. stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay 4. become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run, fall 5. prove, turn out The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺. That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因. At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来. 引导表语从句的词: 从属连词that、whether、as though、as if(That引导表语从句时,在口语中,间或可以省略.) 关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等; 关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等. 由从属连词that,whether引导的表语从句. that在引导表语从句时无词义,而whether有词义,意为、是否.这时主句的 主语常常是些抽象名词,如question(问题), trouble(麻烦),problem(问 题),result(结果),chance(可能性),suggestion(建议),idea(想法),reason(理由)等.表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释,使主语的内容具体化.例如: The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱. The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要 一些冰淇淋.
浅谈that在从句中的用法 摘要：that在英语中是一个非常常见的单词，它之所以常见，不仅仅是 因为它是一个在生活中常常要用到它，更因为它的用法相当的多。因此，同学们在使用that这个单词时，总会出现这样那样的问题，特别是that 在从句中的使用,更是令同学们常常模棱两可，分辨不清。 关键词：that 用法 1.主语从句2. 宾语从句 3. 表语从句 4.同位语从句 5. 目的状语从句6.定语从句 that在英语中是一个非常常见的单词，它之所以常见，不仅仅是因为它是一个在生活中常常要用到的字，更因为它的用法相当的多。因此，同学们在使用that这个单词时，总会出现这样那样的问题，特别是that在从句中的使用,更是令同学们常常模棱两可，分辨不清。但考试中又常出现，让我们和学生都比较头痛。我觉得要解决这个问题，首先要让学生弄清that在所引导的从句中它的词性，然后结合实例分析，这样学生就可一目了然了。具体来说，that可作连词或关系代词。具体的作用如下： 一．that引导主语从句(subject clauses)，在句中充当主语的成分。that在句中无实义，但放在句首时不能省略： a．that the attempt to save her had succeeded became widely known. b．that they did not tell us about their problems is a pity. 这种结构主要是对that从句的内容进行强调，属正式文体，that the attempt to save her had succeeded和that they did not tell us about their problems在句中都分别作了主语。但为了避免显得头重脚轻，常把that从句移到句子后面，而把it放在句首，作形式主语，此时that可以省。上面两个句子就可改为: a. it is widely known (that) the attempt to save her had succeeded b. it is a pity (that) they did not tell us about their problems.
特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 一、由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他们在等谁吗？ I can't imagine why he did that thing．我不能想像他为什么做了那件事。 注意： （1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子： How much does this coat cost? ——I want to know how much this coat costs． Where did you go yesterday? ——Please tell me where you went yesterday． （2）当疑问代词what，who在特殊疑问句中做主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来做宾语时，语序不需要调整。 例如：What's wrong with you? 怎么了? ——He asked the girl what was wrong with her．What's the matter? 怎么了? —— He asked the girl what was the matter． What has happened to him? ——We want to know what has happened to him． 小试牛刀：1. I said to her. Where did you go during the holiday? 2.Mr.Ding asked . What did you do during the holiday? 二、语从句的时态 1．若主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句的时态不限可视句子意义使用所需要的任何时态。 例如：Don't you think Jim is speaking too quick.难道你不认为吉姆讲的太快了吗？ He says he will come back.他说他会回来。 2．若主句是祈使句，从句谓语动词也可用所需要的任何时态。 例如：Show me which picture is yours.让我看看哪张照片是你的。 Please tell us where we will go.请告诉我要去哪里。 3．若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某一种。 例如：I knew she had swept the floor already.我知道她已经扫过地了。 He asked if I was doing my homework this time yesterday.他问我昨天这个时候是否在做作业。 4．若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。 例如：Our teacher told us light travels much faster than sound.老师告诉我们光传播的速度比声音快得多。 They knew the sun is much bigger than the earth then.他们那时就知道太阳比地球大得多， He said that one and one makes two.他说一加一等于二。 小试牛刀： 1、The radio says it __________ cloudy tomorrow. (be) 2、The headmaster hopes everything __________well. (go) 3、I hear they __________ it already. (return) 4、He said that they __________ members of the Party since 1948. (be) 5、Our teacher told us in class the sun __________ in the east. (rise) 三、特殊的宾语从句———间接引语 当直接引语是特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，用原句中的疑问词做连接词，疑问语序改为陈述语序。 例如：“What do you want?” he asked me. →He asked me what I wanted. He asked her,“Where are you going?” →He asked her where she was going. 小试牛刀： 1、She said to Tom,“How are you feeling now?”→. 2、The scientist asked me,”what are you doing?”→. 3、She asked,”How many boys are there in your class?”→ .
语法表语从句 一、课堂导入 1. That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. 2.That fact is that more than seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water. 3. This is what I want. 4. The reason why he was late is that his bike broke down. 5. Next Sunday is when we shall meet. 6. This is why I am late. 7. My problem is which computer to choose. 知识点1 ：表语从句的概念 概念：表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或 形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。 如：The problem is puzzling. 这问题令人困惑 主语连系动词形容词作表语 The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪. 主语连系动词一个句子作表语（表语从句） 注意：“主语+系动词+表语从句”。 常见的连系动词有：be动词(am, is, are, was, were)、表示持续的系动词（keep, remain, stay）、感官动词feel(摸起来，感觉) , smell(闻起来) , sound(听起来) , taste(尝起来，吃起来) 等、表示变化的系动词（become, grow, turn, fall, get, go,）、表终止的系动词prove, turn out(结果是，证明是)、seem, appear（看起来...） 表语从句都用陈述句语序： E.g.: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel 这个问题是他什么时候能到达宾馆。 That is what I want to tell you. 那就是我想要对你讲的。 知识点2：表语从句的引导词 引导表语从句的连接词分为三类： （1）从属连词：that, whether, as if.(从属连词在从句中不但当成分，只起连接作用，that无词义) （2）连接代词：Who, whoever, whom, whomever, what, whatever, which, whichever, whose. (连接代词在从句中充当主、宾、表、定的成分，起连接作用，有词义) （3）连接副词：when, where, why, how等。
定语从句中的that和which的用法 引导定语从句的关系代词有：that（指人或物）,which （指物）,who (指人）.指人时可用that或who ；指物时可用that 或which 。 That和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语，做宾语时可以省略。指物时，两者一般可以互换，但在下列情况下只能用that： 1）当先行词是all ,any ,anything ,everything ,nothing或被它们修饰时.例如： Is there anything that I can do for you 有什么可以为你做的吗? All that can be done must be done . 凡是能做的都必须做. 2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时.例如：That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop . 那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一. The first thing that we should do is to get some food . 我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的.
3）当先行词有：the only ,the very ,the same ,the last 等修饰时.例如： My necklace is not the only thing that's missing . 我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西. 4）当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或who .以避免重复.例如： Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat 正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁? 5）当先行词既有人又有物时,用that .例如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known . 你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名. 请注意: 以下几种只能使用which的情况: 1.引导非限制性定语从句，用which。 2.在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。 如：The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的
that, whether / if引导的宾语从句 在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫作宾语从句。我们需要从三方面来学习由that, whether / if引导的宾语从句。 一、关联词 1.陈述句作宾语时，宾语从句用that引导。that只起连接作用，没有实际意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，因此常省略。如： He can visit Beijing one day. My brother hopes. (合并为含有宾语从句的复合句)My brother hopes (that) he can visit Beijing one day. 2.一般疑问句作宾语时，宾语从句用whether或if引导。whether和if意为“是否”，在从句中不充当任何成分，但不可省略。如： Is Tom's sister an English teacher? May wants to know.(合并为含有宾语从句的复合句) May wants to know whether / if Tom's sister is an English teacher. 二、语序 that, whether / if引导的宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如： Will she go to Beijing tomorrow? I don't know.(合并为含有宾语从句的复合句)I don't know whether / if she will go to Beijing tomorrow. 三、时态 1.如果主句是一般现在时，that, whether / if引导的宾语从句可根据需要使用适当的时态；如果主句是一般过去时，that, whether / if引导的宾语从句用相应的过去时态(一般现在时→一般过去时，现在进行时→过去进行时，一般将来时→过去将来时，现在完成时→过去完成时，一般过去时→过去完成时)。如：Andy knows (that) his wife bought a nice dress yesterday. I want to know whether / if my father will go to London next week.
定语从句：只能用that引导的十三种情况 1.在there + be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。 例如： There are two novels that I want to read.我要读的有两本小说。 There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。 2.当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。 例如： This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。 Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。 3.以Here is (are)开头的句子时。 例如： Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。 Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。 4.It is (high)time +定语从句中。 例如： It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。 It is high time that they started out. 他们该动身了。 5.当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。 例如： This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。 She admired the way in which I answered the questions.她羡慕我回答问题的方式。 6.在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that 引导。 例如： He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.他是我曾经看到过跳得最高的学生。My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn't far from here. 我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。 7.当先行词被the last , the very 和the only修饰时。 例如： This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。 The only book I want to read is missing. 我唯一想看的书不见了。 8.在强调句子中，并且以who ,which, what开头时。 例如： Who was it that was lost ?究竟是谁迷路了？（此句中，最好不用who来代替that，避免重复。） What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了？ 9.当先行词有序数词时。 例如： You are the first person that I want to ask for.你是我要见的第一个人。 This is the second book that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书。 10.当先行词被all, every, no , some, few , little, much, both等修饰时， 例如：
、 表语从句讲解及专项练习 概念：表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句。 放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句” 可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。 " ★ The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。 ★ That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。 ★ At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。 引导表语从句的词： ' 从属连词that、whether、as though、 as if（That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。） 关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等； 关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。 ※ 由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。 that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。 : 例如： ★ The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。 ★ The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。 ★ The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。 ★ What she couldn’t unde rstand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。 ※ 由关系代词引导的表语从句。