2001英语精读教学大纲及复习资料：
本学期精读教材为《大学英语》一二册。每册共有十个单元，每一个单元由课文（Text）、生词（New Words）、注释（Notes）、练习（Study & Practice）、阅读练习（Reading Activity）和有引导的写作（Guided Writing）六部分组成。重点是培养学习者的阅读能力，同时兼顾写和说的能力的培养。课文全部是选用原文材料，学习时应着眼全篇内容，同时掌握一些常用词和词组的用法。练习包括朗读和背诵（Reading loud and Memorizing）、课文理解（Comprehension of Text）、词汇（V ocabulary）、构词（Word Building）、结构（Structure）、完形填空（Cloze）和翻译（Translation）等部分。朗读和背诵练习主要要求掌握句重音和意群的划分，并熟记课文的有关段落。课文理解练习要求根据课文回答问题或针对某些内容陈述自己的看法，通过练习提高理解能力和口头表达能力。词汇和构词练习目的是掌握现代英语中的主要构词法，借以扩大词汇量。完形填空分A、B两篇。前者目的是在语篇基础上巩固操练重点词和词组的用法。后者较难，供学有余力不从心的学员借以进一步提高自己的英语水平。翻译练习旨在培养熟练使用英语的能力。阅读练习旨在培养学生的阅读技能,书中每一(或二)单元编列一项技能,并配有一篇内容与课文相近但难度较浅的阅读材料;其中之一1-4级的大纲词汇均加注汉语，要求掌握。书中所设的复习题或自测题可以帮助巩固所学内容。《大学英语》第一册较简单，学习时请参照注释进行，并完成课后练习。第二册难度相对较大，现将每单元重点列举如下。
Unit one:
Language focal points:
1.manage (to do sth): succeed in accomplishing or handling,esp. with an effort
Example: He managed to paint the whole room in one hour.
2.signal: (n.) movement, message, device, ect. Used to convey information
Example: All vehicles must stop when the traffic signal turns red.
(v.) send a signal or signals to
Example: Sailors signal SOS by flags.
3.ever since: from then till now
Example: I have known them ever since they came here in 1982.
4.known as: generally recognized as; called
Example: The radiation zones around the earth, known as Van Allen Belts, were discovered in 1958.
5.be named after: be given the same name (of) as
Example: Our elder son was named George after his uncle.
6.as to: about; concerning
Example: There is no doubt as to her honesty.
7.base… on: build or found… on ; use… as a basis for
Example: We should always base our opinions on facts.
8.for one thing: in the first place (used to introduce a reason, often the reason that first
comes to the mind; sometimes followed by “for another”)
Example: We’d better give up the idea of making a long trip fort the coming holiday. For
one thing, there isn’t time; for another, we don’t have enough money.
9.be composed of: be made up of
Example: A car is mainly composed of a body, an engine, and four wheels.
10.survive: (1) remain alive
Example: According to the Theory of Evolution , only the fittest animals survive.
(2) live longer than
Example: It is unnatural for parents to survive their children.
11.indicate: show
Example : Early results of the election indicate that the {rime Minister will soon lose his job.
12.be unfit(to do sth./for sth.): be not suitable (for sth. /doing sth.)
Example: Those who have a low voice are unfit to teach large classes.
13.keep doing sth: continue doing sth
Example: My parents kept encouraging me to study hard.
14.stick up: project upwards ; stand upright ort on end
Example : The girl’s hair has stuck up straight with fright.
15.give off: send out; emit( a smell, ect)
Example: The chimney gives off a lot of waste gas.
16.set back: cause to put off or get behind schedule; reverse he progress off
Example: Bad weather set back the construction of the building by one month.
17.Proceed: continue after having stopped
Example: He glanced at the newcomer and proceeded with typing.
Unit two
1.shortly: soon
Example: He died shortly after the car crash.
2.track down: find by determined searching or hunting
Example: She spent weeks in the library tracking down reference information in almost all the books on the subject.
3.bare: (a.) not covered; with no plants growing on it
no more than; mere
(v.) reveal
4.spring up: arise, develop or grow quickly and as if from nowhere
Example: Suspicion sprang up in her mind.
5.at (the) sight of: on seeing
Example: At sight of the police officer the thief took to his heels.
6.feel like: feel a desire for; be inclined for or to
Example: What lovely weather! I do feel like a swim.
7.motion(v.) give a signal by moving the hand ort head
(n..) signal by hand or head; moving
Example: He motioned me to sit down while talking into the phone.
He made a motion with his hand to make me sit down.
8.fighten sb. into doing: cause sb. to do sth. By frightening him
Example: They tried every possible means to frighten the old man into signing the paper.
9.emerge: come or appear from somewhere
Example: The moon emerged from behind clouds.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/555648943.html,e to: return to consciousness
Example: The driver came to slowly after the accident.
11.make for: go toward; start in the direction of
Example: It was getting dark; they turned and made for home.
12.light up: give light to; become or make bright with light or colour
Example: The sky lights up at sunset.
Unit three
1.obtain: get through effort
Example: the old woman who obtained her degree at the age of 74 won respect from others
2.go out of one’s way ( to do sth.): make a special effort or exert oneself more than usual
(to do sth.)
Example: Jane went out of her way to be nice to the newcomer.
3.threaten: hang over dangerously; utter a threat against
give warning of
Example: Oliver Twist was threatened into stealing.
The dark coluds threatened rain.
4.refuse, decline, reject: they all mean “to be unwilling to accept, receive or take into
consideration”. But refuse is stronger than decline, often suggesting firmness and sometimes even bluntness. Decline, on the other hand, is to refuse politely and is often applicable to situations where invitations to social events are turned down. And reject is more emphatic than refuse, implying an unmistakable denial.
Examples: I wonder why he refused to discuss the problem at the meeting.
I declined her invitation to the dinner party because I had a prior
appointment.
She rejected his marriage proposal.
5.leave…to… leave sb. in charge of
Example: I’ll leave it to you to settle all the business.
6.prefer: choose (one thing ) rather than(another)
Example: I prefer typing to writing by hand.
7.act on: do sth. In accordance with; follow
Example: Acting on the doctor’s suggestion, the women has decided to go on a diet.
8. leave behind: abandon; forget to take or bring along
9.of one’s age: of the period or time in which one lives
Example: He was the most brilliant composer of his age/
10.be superior to: be better than
Example: They were far superior in number to their enemy.
11.talent: special natural ability
sb. with special natural ability
Examples: She gave up playing the piano because she did not have much talent for music.
Mozart was known as a talent when he was very young
12.above all: most important of all
Example: Never waste anything, but above all never waste time.
13.owe sth. to sb./sth.: be obliged to sb.. for sth.;
Example: We owe that important new discovery to Albert Einstein.
Unit four
1.apply: write to ask for (a job, membership,)
(cause to ) have a bearing on; concern
make use of
Examples: Out of th 5000 high school graduates who applied for this famous university, only a handful was omitted
This rule only applies to people above 60.
Einstein was not interested n knowing how people applied his theories to
practice.
2.be short of: have not enough ; be in want of
Example: I am short of cash at the moment.
3.chance: possibility; probability
Example: We have little chance of winning the game.
4.depress: make sad; press, push ort pull down; make lower
Examples: I was depressed after reading so much depressing news.
If you depress the button there, a robot will come out to serve tea.
The OPEC countries depressed their oil output a month ago.
5.undo: untie; cancel
Examples: In the struggle her hair turned undone.
What is done cannot be undone.
6.stale: uninteresting because heard before
7.attach: give( to) , fasten(to): He attached a cable to his TV set
join: Several hospitals are attached to this medical school.
bind by love or affection: The majority of overseas Chinese are deeply attached
to their mother country.
8.in turn: one after another
Example: They spoke in turn at the meeting.
9. consist of: be made up of
10.protest: (v.)( n.) He protested to the boss that he was overworked.
Steel workers made/ lodge/ enter a protest against wage reduction
11.constitute: form, make up
Example: Nine planets constitute the solar system.
Unit five
1.modest: moderate; not large in size or amount
Example: They bought a modest house in the northern suburb.
2.at ease: relaxed and comfortable
The doctor soon made the worried patient feel at ease.
3. correspond with: exchange letters with
4.so much so that: to such an extent that
Example: He longed to visit Pares, so much so that he often dreamt about it.
5.revert to : go back to
Example: My thought reverted to my childhood days.
6. exclusively: only; completely
7. pursue: go after
Example: It is illegal fort hunters to pursue extremely young animals
8.take apart: separate (sth) into parts
Example: The professor spent the whole afternoon taking apart his old car.
9.approach: (n.) method of doing sth.; way; coming near
(v.) come near
Examples: Writers take a more romantic approach to the historic event than
historians.
All approaches to the park were blocked after the explosion.
The pop star is easy of approach.
10.work out: solve
Example: You seem to have the problem nicely worked out.
11.profound: deep
Example: The Bermuda Triangle holds one of the world’s most profound mysteries. 12. single out: separate or choose from a group for special treatment or notice
Example: All of us did a very good job but the teacher singled him out for praise.
Unit six
1.encounter, meet:
Encounter is a synonym for meet. It is a more formal word and strongly implies a casual or unexpected meeting.
Examples: He promised to meet her at the airport.
He encountered an old friend of mine who I had not seen for ages.
2.critical: fault-finding
Example: She blushed upon hearing those critical remarks.
3.have trouble doing sth.: have difficulty doing sth.
Example: The boy had a lot of trouble getting up early in winter.
4.resolve: (v.) solve; decide (n.) sth. that has been decided; decision
Examples: To the amazement of all , the little boy resolved the equation in five minutes.
He resolved that nothing would hold him back.
On New Year’s Day, he made a resolve to go fogging twice a week.. By
March his resolve was so weakened that he jogged twice a month .
5.live with: accept (sth. unpleasant)
Example: You must live with the fact that you are no longer as healthy as you were.
6.dwell on: think about; speak or write a lot about
Example: Let bygones be bygones. Don’t dwell so much on the past.
7.be bound to: be certain to ; be sure to
Example: You are bound to succeed if you keep on trying.
8.sound: correct; healthy, in god condition
Example: You can depend on her for a sound judgment.
I doubt if he is sound in his mind.
9. butterflies in one’s stomach: a feeling of fear or anxiety
9.anticipate: see beforehand
Example: I anticipate having an enjoyable working relationship with you all.
10.in advance: ahead of time; beforehand
Example: You have to pay the rent in advance.
11.sit on : neglect; do nothing about
Example: I sent in my application in good time, but the secretary sat on it for a month.
12.sole: one and only; unshared
Example: His sole wish is to live an undisturbed life.
13.chances are /were (that): it is/was likely (that)
Example: Chances are he has already heard the news.
14. trying moments: moments that cause severe strain; moments that try one’ s nerve
15. bother: (vi.) annoy; trouble (vt.) worry (n.) worry; trouble
Examples: I am sorry for bothering you with so many questions.
I don’t see any reason for bother with such a petty matter.
What a lot of bother about nothing!
Unit seven
1.pull out: leave; move away
Example: The train pulled out of the station.
2.release: set free; allow (news) to be known or published; allow (goods) to be put on sale;
loosen
Examples: He was released from hospital after a week’s treatment.
President Nixon resigned after the Watergate tapes had been released by the
press.
In panic he released the handlebar of his bicycle.
3. the split second: the very brief moment of time
4 specific: detailed and precise; relating to one particular thing, etc.; not general
Examples: The word can only be used in specific situations.
What are your specific aims in visiting our university
5. contented: satisfied; happy
6.clean up the country: put an end to crime and corruption
7.What good is…/What’s the god of…?: what is the use of…?
Example: What good is money to a person when he is dying?
8.turn out: appear; be present
Example: The whole city turned out to welcome the Olympic heroes and heroines.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/555648943.html,e to : concern; become a matter about( usually used in the phrase “ when it comes
to”
Example: Joe is not good at sports, but when it comes to arithmetic he is the best in the class.
10.trail off: become increasingly weaker and fade away eventually
Example: Her voice trailed off to a whisper.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/555648943.html,st: go on; be enough (for)
Example: How long will the rain season last?
12.relive: live through or undergo again
Example: That was an experience I should not like to relive.
13.end up: reach a final situation ; finish; come to an end
Example: If you continue stealing, you will surely end up in prison.
14.illusion: false perception; sth. that does not really exist
Unit eight
1.go out of style: become no longer or cease to be fashionable
2.be faced with : be confronted with; meet face to face
3.admit to: (formal) confess to; not deny
4.be hard on: be stern or strict with; be an unjust or unlucky burden on
Example: Faced with such a rival , he has little chance of winning.
5.indication: sign or suggestion; pointing to or out
Example: We use different tones for the indication of different meanings.
6.corresponding : matching ; the same
Examples: The peace talk was held between corresponding officials n the two governments.
You win the lottery if you had chosen a number corresponding to the one
published in the newspaper.
7. on the rise : increasing
8. a case in point: a fit example
Example: Nearly all major cities in the US are crime-ridden. A case in point is Chincago.
9.charge: (n.) price asked for gods or services; amount of electricity contained in a
substance
(v.) accuse; ask as a price; put an amount of electricity into
https://www.doczj.com/doc/555648943.html,unch: (v.) set a rocket, missile , ect. in motion; start,set going
(n.) setting in motion
Examples: It is expensive to launch an astronaut into outer space.
The world was shocked at the failed launch of spaceship
“ Challenger”.
11.in the case of : so far as someone or something is concerned
Example: We can’t make an exception in the case of Mary.
12.lie in: exist in; be found in
Example: The cure for ignorance lies in education.
13.overnight: for or during the night; suddenly
Example: Those who grow rich overnight are eyed with suspicion.
14.tend to : be apt to ; have a tendency to
Example: Farmers tend to use more machinery now.
15.anyway: in any case; by any possible means
Examples: Anyway you can try.
There must be something wrong with my computer. I couldn’t get hooked up
to the Internet anyway.
16. tempt: attract
Example: I feel tempted to eat more than is good for my health.
Unit nine
1.aptitude: natural ability or skill
Example: She has an aptitude for dealing with people.
2.against a normal of 100, scored 160: (in an I. Q. test) scored 160 in contrast to an
average I. Q. of 100
against: in contrast to or with
Example: She looked pale against the dim light in the room.
3.make a fuss over (about): show unnecessary nervous excitement( esp. about unimportant
things)
Example: He asked himself why he had made such a big fuss about so simple a matter.
4. register: (n) record or list ; (v) write in a list or record
5.worthy of: deserving
Example: I don’t think this problem is worthy of serious consideration.
6.by my estimate: according to my judgment
7.take for granted: consider as true or already settled; accept as a matter of course
Example: The father often told his children not to take things for granted.
8.determine: made up one’s mind
Example: He detrmined to learn how to operate the machine in two day s’ time.
9.foist on: impose upon by coercion or trickery
Example: Stores should not foist defective goods on customers.
10.pick out: select; choose
Example: It took Mary a ling time to pick out a new dress at the store.
11.whereupon: upon that; immediately following that
Example: I described my disastrous morning, whereupon, he laughed and laughed.
12. for sure: without doubt; surely or certaintly
13. Did you catch many? : Did you trap many people with your trick?
14.uneasy: awkward; not easy in mind or body
Example: He gave an uneasy smile when he met his mother-in- law for the first time. Unit ten
1.profit: (n) advantage or good obtained form sth.; money gained in business
(v) be of advantage to ; be benefited or helped
2.exhaust: (v) tire out ; use up (n.) outlet, in an engine or machine, for steam, vapor. Etc.
that has done his work
Examples: We al felt exhausted by the stiff hike.
The hero’s strength was exhausted after along time in prison.
The young man committed suicide by breathing in car exhaust.
3.make out: write out
Example: The shop assistant made out a receipt for the customer who bought a camera.
4.only too: very
Example: If you invite him , he will be only too glad to attend.
5.somehow: in one way or another
Example: Time is pressing, but I’ll finish this work somehow.
6.not much of a : not a very good
Example: He is not much of an artist.
7.shrug off: dismiss sth. as not deserving one’s attention or as unimportant
Example: She can shrug off her troubles and keep smiling.
8.pass on: convey to another
Example: I received y our message, and have passed it on to all those whom it concerns.
9. paper boy: a boy who delivers (or sells) newspapers
10.routine: (n) fixed and regular way of doing things
Example: His daily routine begins with checking E-mail messages.
11.constructive: helping
Example: The Advisory Group offered some constructive advice.
12.favorably: with approval
Example: The president spoke favorably of the plan to clean up the country.
13. something above his usual standard: something better than what he usually wrote
14.criticize: find fault with ; form and give a judgment of
Example: The Sunday newspaper devotes a page to criticizing new books, films and plays.
15.react: respond; respond to sth. with a feeling or take action (against)
Examples: The company reacted to criticism and improved its image shortly.
People start to react against her pretentiousness.
2001英语精读课程作业:
Part one Grammar and Vocabulary
1.I remember I ____clear to you that experiment would be done next week.
A. made that
B. made very
C. made it
D. made so
2.His parents____, the orphan is now taken care of by the local government.
A . have died B. having did C. were dead D. are dying
3.____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountains do not seem high at all.
A. When compared
B. To compare
C. Comparing them
D. Having compared
4.Many of us want very much to see the new films, especially____ mentioned by you.
A. which
B. those
C. who
D. what
5._____for your help, we’d never have been able to get over the difficulties.
A. Had it not
B. If it were not
C. Had it not been
D. If we had not been
6.It makes on ____to me whether he comes to my birthday party or not.
A. difference
B. matter
C. importance
D. change
7.During his first year____, he took some measures to change the traffic conditions in this city.
A. in office
B. at the office
C. out of office
D. into the office
8.You seem to be afraid that life might pass you by without giving you time to enjoy it____.
A. in full
B. to the full
C. at the full
D. full yourself
9.____you poor record in school, we think you should study harder.
A. In spite of
B. In change of
C. In case of
D. In view of
10.Though ____in a big city, he had always preferred to live in a small town.
A. raised
B. grown
C. cultivated
D. developed
11.According to the weather forecast, which is usually ____, it will snow this afternoon.
A. emotion
B. delight
C. opinion
D. impact
12.He played each note so hot and fast and with such feeling that it had tremendous____ on the
audience.
A. increased
B. delight
C. opinion
D. impact
13.Scholarship students ____ nearly a third of the whole enrollment in our college.
A. increased by
B. accounted for
C. added up
D. amounted to
14.The fact ____ a child asks a question indicates the dawn of understanding, ____without this,
no question would arise in his mind.
A. that …for
B. which…because
C. that…if
D. which…though
15.People who cannot____ between colors are said to be color-blind.
A. polish
B. distinguish
C. accomplish
D. negotiate
16.Finally, the headmaster consented to ____ proposal into consideration.
A. make
B. set
C. get
D. take
17.What adults need to realize is that child goes through a____ of stages in his understanding of
the world.
A. sequence
B. consequence
C. frequency
D. have conveyed
18.Children ask questions to supplement or confirm in formation they ____through personal
experience.
A. have acquired
B. have given
C. have rejected
D. have conveyed
19. We are____ of the latest developments in science and technology by watching TV.
A. defined V. expected C. possessed D. informed
.
20.Kara’s mother occasionally speaks at schools and other organizations, ____to increase
people’s understanding of AIDS.
A. trys
B. trying
C. and trys
D. try
21.I was seven months pregnant with my third child, and Megan____ with me to name the new
baby after Kara.
A. preached
B. pressed
C. pleaded
D. delt
22. The secretary carefully folded the letter and ___it into the drawer.
A. slid
B. scolded
C. skipped
D. slipped
23.His agreement to buy our house was conditional ____us leaving all the furniture in it.
A. to
B. in
C. on
D. for
24.The picture ____me of the village where we spent our holidays last summer.
A. remembers
B. reminds
C. recalls
D. convinces
25.Those who first arrived in the U.S.A. had a good start but hadn’t ____ turned out to be the
most successful.
A. probably
B. likely
C. necessarily
D. possibly
26.My great-grandmother didn’t_____ too much from life and was satisfied with what she had.
A. preserve
B. want
C. protect
D. expect
27. He is not the sort of man _____whom I would readily confide.
A. in
B. with
C. about
D. for
28.When we feel guilty and down in the ____, friends will come and reassure us.
A. senses
B. knots
C. stamps
D. dumps
29.Mr. Black was not satisfied with his elder son, so he ____ him of his property right of
inheritance.
A. interfered
B. imitated
C. insured
D. deprived
30.The school-age girl can____ any problems she has come across by herself.
A. figure out
B. single out
C. bring out C. act out
31.This is the same story ___ I heard ten years ago.
A. that
B. which
C. about that
D. of which
32.I advised her that in the presence of the princess she should not say any thing until____ .
A. being asked
B. asked
C. to be asked
D. having been asked
33.It is necessary that an efficient worker ____ his work on time.
A. completes
B. completed
C. can complete
D. complete
34.It is during his stay in London ____he began to learn English.
A. when
B. which
C. that
D. what
35.He was attending a meeting, ____come to your birthday party then.
A. unless he would have
B. or he would
C. nevertheless he did not
D. or he would have
36.The curious children watched the towers _____.
A. erected
B. be erected
C. to be erected
D. being erected
37.She never laughed, ____ever lose her temper.
A. so did she
B. but she did not
C. and nor she did
D. nor did she
38.I regret_____ him a thief, but I regret even more his stealing my watch!
A. to call
B. to have called
C. having called
D. called
39.You are supposed to ____ in your composition yesterday.
A. hand
B. be handing
C. have handed
D. handing
40.A new technique _____worked out, we set about our project.
A. being
B. to be
C. having
D. having been
41.Some people hope, the rains will return and ease the hardship____ the peasants of North
China.
A. faced
B. faces
C. facing
D. to face
42.Ever since the Smiths moved to the suburbs a year ago, they ____better health.
A. could have enjoyed
B. had enjoyed
C. have been enjoying
D. are enjoying
43.He loves doing some reading at home____ t the cinema.
A. than to go
B. more than going
C. than going
D. rather than to go
44.____ of neglecting our education, my parents sent my sister and me to an evening school.
A. Accused
B. Accusing
C. That they were accused
D. To be accused
45.She never regretted paying $200 for the bookcase. As a matter of fact she would gladly have
paid ____for it.
A. as much twice
B. as twice much
C. much as twice
D. twice as much
46.I was held up by the traffic jam, otherwise I ____here 50 minutes sooner.
A. would be
B. ought to have been
C. would have been
D. must have been
47.That is the distinguished guest ____ the state dinner was given.
A. whom
B. for which
C. that
D. in whose honor
48.The driver carefully checked his car ____ it should go wrong.
A. in order that
B. so that
C. lest
D. or else
49.“ _____his second heart attack if he hadn’t smoked?”
A. Would he have had
B. Would he have
C. Had he had
D. Were he to have
50.Only after a bay seal is pushed into the sea by its mother ____to swim.
A. how will it learn
B. will it learn how
C. it will learn how
D. and it learns how Part two Cloze
Passage one
(1) has there been such a wide choice of attractive foods for tile house-wife to buy. Producers and manufacturers use all expertise to (2) us first-class food in first-class condition at competitive prices, and with most of the hard work already (3) . Convenience foods are here to stay, since more and more women are running jobs and homes, and so (4) neither time (5)energy for unnecessary chores.
No sacrifice of quality (6) involved; indeed, pre-packed foods are often fresher and of more even standard ( 7) similar goods (8 ) .
Every district has its quota of shops, large and small, stores; supermarkets and shopping centers within easy reach. Every country villages are catered for in ways( 9 ) would have been (10) a generation ago . Try all the facilities in your area,(11) you will find clean, bright , airy premises, well-(12) good and friendly assistants (13) to advise and help you in your choice. It is your custom they want! (14) you have time, “shop around”for special offers and bargain buys. Everyone makes a bad buy occasionally, (15) never make the same mistakes twice. When you
have reason to be (16) , register a complaint and return unsatisfactory goods.
1. A. So B. Thus C. Never D. As
2. A. present B. provide C. induce D. give
3. A. doing B. done C. do D. done
4. A. have B. having C. with D. that
5. A. and B. no C. or D. nor
6. A. being B. is C. been D. were
7. A. than B. as C. that D. like
8. A . processed B. unprocessed C. processing D. unprocessing
9. A. what B. as C. such D. that
10. A. possible B. impossible C. avaible D. unavailable
11. A. or B. then C. and D. thus
12. A. arranged B. qualified C. attracted D. distributed
13. A. prepare B. preparing C. readily D. ready
14. A. since B. If C. While D. Although
15. A. but B. though C. however D. whereas
16. A. dissatisfy B. satisfied C. dissatisfied D. unsatisfactory
Passage two
Video games have become a pervasive form of (1 )in the 1990s. Today an estimated 69 percent of American families own or (2 )video and computer games . Most are (3) entertainment, but in far too many of the most (4) ones , kids are acting out realistic violent (5) on their TV and computer screens.
These are not just (6) anymore. These are learning machines. We are (7) kids in the most incredible manner what it’s like to pull the trigger. The focus is on the thrill, enjoyment and reward. What they’re not (8 )are the real-life consequences.
Interactive, video games introduce kids to a (9) world that features amazingly lifelike characters, detailed images of brutality, and an audio mix of heart- pounding music. Unlike movies and television, where you (10)the violence acts. When you are into the game, you are (11) the game.
1. A.. education B. creation C. entertainment D. experience
2. A. buy B. rent C. sell D. hire
3. A. harmless B. helpless C. hopeless D. useless
4. A. educational B. interesting C. regular D. popular
5. A. parts B. experiences C. ideas D. roles
6. A. computers B. videos C. games D. experience
7. A. teaching B. watching C. educating D. learning
8. A. thinking B. learning C. playing D. seeing
9. A. creative B. music C. fantasy D. real
10. A. imitate B. dislike C. avoid D. watch
11. A. in B. for C. above D. off
Passage three
One of the biggest problems the Fire Services faces is to (1) emergency exits in many
buildings free. Increasingly, actions are (2) against companies for factories which (3 )a deaf ear to the warnings of tile Fire Services.
“We’re (4) of the every high rent and land costs. The need to maximize the use of space and the fact that production deadlines have to be (5) , and the need to find space for storing goods,”said a Fire Officer, “but we are equally concerned (6) the fact that people within the premises must, in the (7) of a fire, have a clear and positive means of escape.” Therefore certain parts of the premises must be kept clear.
Indeed, factory owners and businessmen should take precautions against fires. In an effort to (8) home the importance of protecting the premises (9) fires, the Fire Officer noted that seven out (10) ten business firms that (11) from a major fire close (12) within twelve months. Even (13) the company does not go out o f (14) , it may suffer other losses. It may lose valuable customers, be unable to meet specific deadlines and quite often lose good personnel as there is the fear of unemployment, even for a few months while the factory is refurnished.
Hong Kong’s firemen are (15) to none in the world. The difficulty of (16) fires in high-rise buildings can be imagined. Furthermore, the fact that Hong Kong is (17) –populated and residential, commercial and industrial units often pack into one building makes fire-fighting a most hazardous task.
“Do not increase the risk firemen face ,” the Fire Officer continued. “Do not (18) us to the dangerous and unexpected incidents that injure or kill our colleagues or your family and employees. We would much (19) receive your recognition of our service by ensuring that your home, office factory or school is properly (20) against fires, receive your comforting words and wreaths after a tragedy.”
1. A. get B. make C. keep D. set
2. A. made B. done C. taken D. performed
3. A. turn B. set C. put D. give
4. A. conscious B. aware C. known D. comprehensible
5. A. filled B. met C. accomplished D. attained
6. A. with B. in C. at D. over
7. A. case B. event C .time D. occasion
8. A. get B. reach C. take D. drive
9. A .to B. against C. off D. on
10. A. in B. of C. from D. of
11. A. lose B. survive C. suffer D. recover
12. A. off B. over C. down D. in
13. A. though B. if C. when D. after
14. A. work B. way C. business D. life
15. A. next B. near C. second D. close
16. A. putting B. fighting C. combating D. suppressing
17. A. excessively B. closely C. heavily D. densely
18. A. expose B. send C. confront D. put
19. A. better B. rather C. like D. prefer
20. A. preserved B. warned C. guarded D. protest
Part three Reading comprehension
Passage one
Opportunities for rewarding work become fewer for both men and women as they grow older. After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection. Our youth-oriented, throw-away culture sees little value in older people. In writer Lilian Hellman’s words, they have “the wisdom that come with age that we can’t make use of.”
Unemployment and economic need for work is higher among older women, especially minorities, than among younger white women. A national council reports these findings: Though unemployed longer when seeking work, older women job-hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism(缺勤), perform as well, or better, are more reliable, and are more willing to learn than men or younger women. Yet many older women earn poor pay and face a future of poverty in their retirement years. When “sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer on the door step ----It moves in”according to Tish Sommers, director of a special study on older women for the National Organization for Women.
Yet a 1981 report on the White House Conference on Aging shows that as a group, older Americans are the “wealthier, best fed, best housed, healthiest, most self-reliant older population in our history.” This statement is small comfort to those living below the poverty line but it does explore some of the old traditional belief and fears. Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small business, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years. They have few role models because in previous generations the life span was much shorter and expectations of life were fewer. They are plowing new ground.
Employers are beginning to recognize that the mature person can bring a great deal of stability and responsibility to position. One doesn’t lose ability and experience on the eve of one’s 65th of 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.
1.After the age of 41, _____.
A.most workers are tired of their present jobs
B.many workers tend to stick to their present jobs
C.people find their jobs more rewarding than before
D.people still to hunt for more suitable jobs
2.From Heilman’ remark, we can see that ____.
A.full use has been made of the wisdom of older people
B.the wisdom of the old people is not valued by American society
C.old people are no less intelligent than young people
D.the wisdom of older people is of great value to American society
3.Tish Sommers argues that ______.
A.older women find it hard to escape poverty
B.older women usually perform better in their jobs
C.the major cause of poverty of older women is sexism
D.more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism
4.According to the third paragraph, it can be seen that older Americans ____
A.have more job opportunities than young people
B.live below poverty line
C.have new opportunity to remain active in society
D.no longer believe in the promise of a happy life up
Passage two
A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One’s physical assets and liabilities don’t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.
Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so- beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do mater, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.
Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mounting pieties(虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group----college students, perhaps., or teachers or corporate personnel managers----a piece of paper relating an individual’s accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly exactly the attractive person, some an average –looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.
Almost invariably, the better liking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.
In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire(追求) to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.
1.According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as
manager____.
A. a person’s property or debts do not matter much
B. a person’s outward appearance is not a critical qualification
C.women should always dress fashionably
D.women should not only be attractive but also high-minded
2.The result of research carried out by social scientists show that _____.
A.people do not realized the importance of looking one’s best
B.women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well
C.good-looking women aspire to managerial positions
D.attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not
3.Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain
attributes____.
A.they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deep
B.they do not usually act according to views they support
C.they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratings
D.they tend to base their judgment on the individual’s achievements
4.“Good looks cut both ways for women”(Line 1, Para 5) means that _____.
A.attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs
B.good-looking women always get the best of everything
C.being attractive is not always an advantage for women
D.attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions
5.It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world_____.
A.handsome men are not affected an much by their looks as attractive women are
B.physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well
C.physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite
well
D.gook-looks are important for women as they are for men
passage three
It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do with out . We live in a consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti-nuclear energy group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive source of fuel. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to t environment but also to civil liberties.
Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in American, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. In the long run, enviromentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. Thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programs are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.
1.The writer’s attitude toward nuclear energy is ____.
A. indifferent
B. favorable
C. tolerant
D. negative
2.According to the opponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is true of nuclear
energy?
A. Primitive
B. Exhaustible
C. Cheap
D. Unsafe
3.Some people claim that nuclear energy is essential because ____.
A.it provides a perfect solution to mass unemployment
B.it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution
C.it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society
D.nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and
administrative staff
4.Which of the following statements does the writer support?
A.The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing.
B.Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without
C.Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons
D.Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programs
5.The function of the last sentence is to ____.
A.advance the final argument
B.reflect the writer’s attitude
C.reverse previously expressed thoughts
D.show disadvantages of nuclear power
Passage four
Lyndon Johnson once said of a political opponent, “He can’t walk and chew gum at the same time.” Most of us can manage to walk and chew gum, but it doesn’t take much introspection to realize that there is a very distinct limit to the number of different items or tasks you can remember or perform at the same time. About seven “things” is the most that most adults can work with at any one time (Miller, 1956). But what about children? Do they have a smaller capacity (a less “powerful” computer, to use that analogy one more time)?
Maybe. When children and adults are given simple memory tasks, like repeating string of numbers backward, the typical finding is that very young children can remember fewer than can adults (Dempster, 1981). That may mean that 2-year-olds can only handle “bits “ of information at a time, while adults can handle seven.
Given what we know about the growth of the brain during the first years after birth, some systematic growth in physiological capacity seems plausible. But it could also simply mean that children have had much less experience with numbers, so they don’t have any “tricks”to help them remember. We are back, then, to the same problem that plagued us with IQ tests: We cannot measure capacity. All I can say at the moment is that it is reasonable to assume that there are some changes with age in the processing capacity of the infant and child but researchers haven’t been able to figure out a way to demonstrate it unequivocally.
1.Lyndon Johnson’s comment on his political opponent means that ____.
A.his opponent likes gum too much
B.his opponent should do two things at the same time
C.his opponent is an utterly incapable person
D.his opponent should not neglect his appearance
2.From its context, the word “analogy” in the last sentence of the first paragraph means_____.
A. comparison
B. contrast
C. measurement
D. standard
3.From the 2nd paragraph , we can see that the writer is not quite sure _____.
A.whether children can remember as much as adults
B.whether we can measure a person’s capacity
C.what prevents children from remembering as much as adults
D.how many things an adult can do at the same time
4.Talking about IQ tests, the writer seems to be of the opinion that____.
A.performance cannot be regarded as an indication of one’s intelligence
B.by using IQ tests, one can predict quite accurately a child’s future
C.IQ tests should be abandoned all together
D.IQ tests cannot tell accurately what a child can do in the future
5. At the end of the passage, the word “unequivocally” means____.
A. definitely
B. incredibly
C. vaguely
D. unintelligently Part four Writing
1.weekends(100-120)
Outline: (1) 我认为周末是重要的。
(2) 在周末可安排各种不同类型活动。
(3) 我的周末活动是……
2.Sports and Economy
Outline: (1) 体育和经济不可分。
(2) 体育能促进国家经济的发展。
(3) 经济能使体育迅速提高。
3.Cheating on Tests
Outline: (1) 学生中舞弊现象严重。
(2) 舞弊现象的害处。
(3) 你认为杜绝这种现象应采取什么措施。
《英语报刊阅读》课程教学大纲 课程编码：30614003 学分：2 总学时：36 说明 【课程性质】 英语报刊阅读是全日制英语专业本科高年级阶段的一门专业任意选修课，开设时间为第五学期。 【教学目的】 1. 通过为学生提供一定数量的英美报刊阅读，使学生了解国际重大时事，获得最新信息，增加国际知识，提高独立阅读的能力。 2.通过课堂讲授，使学生了解世界主流英文报刊，了解英文报刊阅读常识，提高对信息分析、判断的能力。 3．通过课堂讲授与课后练习，提高学生阅读报刊文章并进行摘要写作的能力。 【教学任务】 此课程教学旨在使学生大致了解英美等英语国家报刊的基本特点，初步掌握阅读英语报刊的技能，学会运用各种工具书和各方面的知识，了解英语报刊的内容和实质，进而在提高学生语言能力的同时提高综合能力和知识水平。 【教学内容】 英语报刊阅读主要包括英语国家报刊简介、英语报刊中的术语、新闻的写作等报刊知识以及报刊文章选读，所选的文章主要来源于国内的21st Century 、China Daily 以及美国《读者文摘》、《今日美国》、《时代周刊》及《新闻周刊》等报刊以及部分互联网文章。选材注重思想性和代表性及学生的实际英语水平。 【教学原则和方法】 教学原则：在《英美报刊阅读》课程当中，强调学生思维能力的培养，我们要有意识地思维能力的培养有机地融合在英语专业技能、英语专业知识和相关知识课程的教学中。要努力为学生创造发表个人见解的机会，对不同的意见和看法要采取鼓励和宽容的态度。 教学方法：以讲授为主，辅以学生查阅相关资料，探究式学习。 【先修课程要求】 可以在第一、二、三、四学期开设了基础英语，以及第二，三学期的英语阅读课的基础上开设此课程。
大学英语精读第三版(上海外语教育出版社董亚芬主编) 第三册Book3 Unit1~Unit10 翻译答案 ? Unit1 翻译 1) 发言人（spokesman）明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取消（cancel）这次旅行。 The spokesman made it clear that the President would not cancel the trip under any circumstances. 2) 杰克对书架上那些书一本也不了解，所以他的选择是很随意的。 Jack didn't know anything about any of the books on the bookshelf, so his choice was quite arbitrary. 3) 随后发生的那些事件再次证明了我的猜疑（suspicions）是对的。(confirm) The subsequent events confirmed my suspicions once again. 4) 我认为我们应该鼓励中学生在暑假找临时工作。 I think we should encourage high school students to find temporary jobs / employment during their summer holidays. 5) 令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长（governor）竟然是个贪官（corrupt official）。 To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty turned out to be a corrupt official. 6) 少数工人得到提升（be promoted），与此同时却有数百名工人被解雇。 A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed. 7) 如果有机会，约翰也许已成为一位杰出的画家了。(given) Given the chance, John might have become an outstanding painter. 8) 数小时后，有人看见那个男孩在林子里瞎转。 Several hours later, the boy was found wandering around in the woods. Unit3 翻译 1) 许多美国大学生申请政府贷款交付学费。 Many American students apply for government loans to pay for their education / tuition. 2) 除阅读材料外，使用电影和多媒体（multimedia）会激发学生学习的兴趣。 Besides reading materials, the use of films and multimedia can stimulate students' interest in a subject. 3) 这位律师试图说服陪审团（jury）他的当事人（client）是无辜的。(convince sb. of) The attorney / lawyer tried to convince the jury of his client's innocence. 4) 提问常常会引发创造的火花。 Asking questions often generates the spark of creativity. 5) 我已经把我的简历（résumé）寄往几家公司，但尚未收到回复。 I have sent off my résuméto several corporations, but haven't yet received a reply. 6) 她的结论是建立在对当前国际情况进行了认真的分析的基础上的。 Her conclusion is built / based on a careful analysis of current international affairs. 7) 我们满怀期望地来参加会议，离开时却大失所望。 We came to the meeting full of expectations, yet we left very disappointed. 8) 暂时他只得接受了一份给一家化妆品公司发促销传单的活儿。 At the moment he has to take the job of distributing leaflets to promote products for a cosmetic company.
大学英语精读课改革模式 关键词：教学模式；二语习得；阅读技巧；交际能力 长期以来，外语一直把精读课作为基础教学阶段的一门主课。笔者认为，有必要尝试一下改变精读课的传统做法。下面透过目前精读课存在的主要问题，提出几点改进建议。 一、主要问题 目前，基础教学阶段的精读课，名为精读，实为融听、说、读、写、译为一体的语言综合入门课。这在语言素材信手拈来的今天，对于入学时已掌握1600个单词、已具有基本语法知识，而听、说、读、写、译却又发展极不平衡的学生来说，这种传统精读课的教学模式已不再完全适用。其弊端在于：(1)语言素材不足。精读课基本是围绕有限的几篇文章进行解释和训练，不利于语言的自然习得，无法增强学生的语感。(2)忽视对阅读技能的训练。精读课注重对课文中语言现象的分析、讲解和操练，而对一系列阅读技能却没有必要的指导和训练。(3)无法兼顾学生入学时听、说、读、写、译的能力发展不平衡的状况。学生入学时的阅读能力远比其他能力强，但为了照顾其他能力的培养，只能选用语言较简单、内容较肤浅的素材。教材不能满足学生提高阅读水平的需求，限制了学生阅读能力的发展，抑制了学生的求知欲，影响了他们的知识面扩展。(4)忽略书面语和口语的差异。精读课十分重视围绕课文所进行的口语表达的准确性。为表达准确，学生往往要使用课文的语言，其结果是将书面语与口头语混为一体，忽视了语言的得体性。(5)忽略学生能力的发展。在精读课上，教师精讲，学生操炼。教学常常以掌握课文为目的，不重视对学生学习方法的指导，不重视学生独立思考、综合、分析能力的培养和发展。 二、建议 1．课程设置 目前新生入学时已掌握1600个单词并掌握了一定的语法知识，鉴于学生 的听、说、读、写、译能力发展不平衡，建议开设阅读、听力、口语、语法、写作等课程。这些课程分别将各门课程的技能训练作为教学的主要内容，并兼顾其他课程的技能训练，以促进和保证学生听、说、读、写、译五项技能的全面发展。 2．关于阅读课 阅读课旨在提高学生对书面语言的处理和表达能力。为此，一方面要不断扩大学生的词汇量和巩固语法知识；另一方面则要指导学生运用自己已有的阅读母语的技能，进行阅读技能的训练。因此，阅读课应注意以下原则：(1)提供数量为精读教材三倍的语言素材，以创造语言习得的条件。(2)教材的题材和体裁力
精读翻译 1. 经理先生，明天我可以不来上班吗？我母亲要来看我 Mr. Manager, may I take a day off tomorrow? My mother is coming to see me. 2. 警察悬赏捉拿抢劫银行罪犯的线索 The police offered a reward for clues about the bank robbers. 3. 上周我生病时，她主动提出来帮助我照顾孩子。 When I was ill last week, she offered to look after my child. 4. 除了厨房以外，这套公寓应该说是非常令人满意的了 Except for the kitchen, the flat is very satisfactory. 5. 她去年被提升为部门经理。 She was promoted to branch manager last year. 6. 人人都累极了，只有约翰没事。 Everyone was exhausted except John. 7. 谁在经营这家公司？ Who's running this company? 8. 他伸手到口袋里去拿钱包。 He reached into his pocket for the wallet 1.我想在镇上买幢房子，但现在买不起 I want to buy a house in town, but can't afford it now. 2.今年生意很好，我们可以买一辆新汽车了。 We can afford a new car this year because of good business/thanks to good business. 3.他把房子照料得很好，每两年粉刷一次 He took good care of the house and painted it every second year/every other year/once in two years 4.她每隔三天回家一次，帮母亲打扫房间。 She went home to help mother to clean the rooms every fourth day/every four days/once in four days. 5.他把家具搬进了另一个房间。 He moved the furniture into another room. 6.他们不喜欢住在这个地区，所以想搬到别处去。 They don't like this place, and have decided to move house to another residential area. 7.李明和其他四位同学合住一个房间。 Li Ming shares the dormitory with four other students. 8.他们俩合买了一台电视机。 They shared the payment for a TV. 1.对不起，我们不招聘学生。 I'm afraid that the position is not open to students. 2.前两天我突然看到一封法国的来信。 I came across a letter from France the other day. 3.他把手放在胸口，显得十分诚恳。 He put his hand on his chest as if to show sincerity. 4.我已经填好了申请表 I've filled in the application form. 5.她身上穿了件外套。
《英语精读4》课程教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 课程代码： 课程类别：必修课 学 时：总96学时；6学时/周 学 分： 适用专业：翻译专业 开课院（系）：翻译系 开课学期：大二下学期 二、教学目标及教学要求 二年级精读课是英语专业学生必修的基础课。在一年级精读课的基础上进一步加强学生基本功的训练并提高学生的听、说、读、写、译的语言能力和交际能力，使学生在语言基本技能方面能上一个新的台阶。要求学生通过预习能正确回答与课文有关的问题，并熟悉文章的语篇结构；通过课堂讲解，要求学生能用简单的英文解释难句； 要求学生能用课文中学到的词汇、词组和句型在恰当的场合灵活熟练地运用，进一步扩大学生的词汇量；培养学生对语言的敏感性和实际运用能力，提高学生的逻辑推理能力和判断力；加强学生对英语国家文化的了解；培养学生的独立学习、自主学习和研究性学习的能力；为学生升入高年级打下扎实的基本功，达到《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》要求。 三、教学内容及学时分配 第一章Lesson 1 Thinking as a Hobby（20学时） 目的要求：学生通过本文的学习，认知作者的写作手法，写作目的和写作思 路；理解作者描述的三个不同层次的思考，并判断自己属于哪种 思考层次。 基本内容：课前练习；Text A详解；课后练习；小测试。 重点难点：修辞：借喻、换喻、反语、暗喻；核心词汇：lest, integrate, slip, rule, stand；语法：并列结构及其省略。
第二章Lesson 2 Spring Sowing（18学时） 目的要求：小说情节简单，但富有象征意义。学生应重点分析，体会自然、 传统中内在美以及他们和人类社会的关系，说明自然和传统是社 会发展的基础。 基本内容：课前练习；Text A详解；课后练习；小测试。 重点难点：修辞：拟声词；核心词汇：pretend, compare, burst, rebel, dot；语 法：“as”的用法 第三章Lesson 3 Groundless Beliefs（20学时） 目的要求：理解作者归纳的五种无根据的信念，判断自己的属于哪一种；警惕 无根据的信念，并思考如何培养理性思维。 基本内容：课前练习；Text A详解；课后练习；小测试。 重点难点：核心词汇：attribute, compel, conceive, dispose；语法：状语从句的 省略；虚拟语气。 第四章Lesson 4 Lions and Tigers and Bears（20学时） 目的要求：通过本文学习，学生应该在看到中央公园恐怖可怕的一面的同时， 学习作者如何意识到它的迷人之处并升华主题。同时欣赏本文语言 的韵律感、简洁性、和幽默感。 基本内容：课前练习；Text A详解；课后练习；小测试。 重点难点：修辞：委婉语；核心词汇：drift, appeal, tear, element, pick up，语法： 独立主格结构的用法和省略的用法。 第五章Lesson 9 The Damned Human Race（18学时） 目的要求：理解作者独树一帜的观点，认为人类是由“高等动物”退化而来； 通过归纳作者认为人类次于“高等动物”的七个方面，思考人类的 弱点。引导学生批判性地分析作者的观点。 基本内容：课前练习；Text A详解；课后练习；小测试。 重点难点：修辞：委婉语；核心词汇：appease, descent, humiliating, speculate; 语法：表示对比和转折的表达和句型。 四、考核方式 课程考核采取闭卷考试与平时成绩相结合的方式。总成绩为百分制，半期考试成
UNIT 1 As we are at the start of the course, this seems a good moment to offer some advice on how to make the task of learning English easier. 课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。 Some Strategies for Learning English Learning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort. 学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task easier. Here are some of them. 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。 1. Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary. 1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2. Watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things. Have you ever wondered why we say, "I am interested in English", but "I am good at French"? And have you ever asked yourself why native English speakers say, "learn the news or secret", but "learn of someone's success or arrival"? These are all examples of idiomatic usage. In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives. 2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说“我对英语感兴趣”是“I'm interested in English”，而说“我精于法语”则是“I'm good at French”？你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说“获悉消息或秘密”是“learn the news or secret”，而“获悉某
初等教育三年制大专《音乐》教学大纲 初等教育专业三年制大专的《音乐》课教学，是对本专业学生实施美育教育的重要途径。它在培养学生掌握基础音乐知识的同时，对加强学校的美育、德育工作，培养学生热爱祖国、热爱人民，培养学生具有良好的社会公德和教师职业道德，促进学生全面发展，成为求实创新的开拓性人才有着重要的作用。 一、教学目的 （一）通过音乐教学，提高学生的音乐素质，掌握音乐基础知识和基本技能，以适应实施义务教育的需要。 （二）使学生认识小学音乐教育的重要意义、教学目的、内容和要求，掌握小学音乐教育的基本方法。 （三）通过音乐艺术形象的感染，陶冶高尚情操，使学生确立正确的审美观念，激发学生的热爱祖国音乐艺术的感情，同 时培养学生的优秀品质和气质。 二、教学要求 （一）要注意培养学生对音乐艺术的兴趣、爱好。在丰富学生的感性知识的基础上，理解、巩固所学的音乐基础知识， 培养一定的音乐技能。 （二）要使学生懂得义务教育小学阶段音乐教育的重要意义和基本特点，培养学生具有一定的小学音乐教学的基本能力 和方法。 （三）要以建立一支思想、业务素质优良的小学教师队伍为出发点，遵循美育的原理和音乐教学规律，发挥学科特点，在 音乐艺术实践中培养中培养学生高尚的思想品德和良好 的师德。 三、确定教学内容的原则 （一）教学内容的确定应贯彻德、智、体全面发展德教育方针，以保证教学目的的实现。 （二）应从本学科时间性较强的特点出发，注意理论联系实际，加强基础知识、基本技能的教学，通过艺术实践培养能力， 促进学生的全面发展。 （三）应注意弘扬民族音乐文化，体现时代精神，做到思想性和艺术性的统一，寓思想教育于音乐教育之中。 （四）各项教学内容要精选，正确处理内容的逻辑顺序和学生生理、心理发展顺序的关系，使教学内容更加符合教育规律， 以利于提高教学质量。
Key (练习答案) Unit 6 Jewelry Reading I Exercise II 1. c 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. d III 1. accumulate 2. brilliant 3. choosy 4. malicious 5. bachelor 6. destined 7. odd 8. communion 9. intuition 10. fulfill IV 1. infect 2. was destined 3. joke about 4. to do with 5. takes her time 6. were to 7. in his stead 8. edge to her voice 9. fell apart 10. won’t be cut out for V 1. shortly 2. It’s very odd 3. choosy 4. in my stead 5. in communion with 6. be destined never to see each other again VI 1.revel 1) vt. to make known (something previously secret or unknown)揭示；揭 露；泄露 . The investigation has revealed some serious faults in the system. 2) vt. to show or allow sth. to be seen 展现;显露出 . The curtains opened, to reveal a darkened stage. [相关词] revealing adj. allowing parts to be seen which are usually kept covered 暴露的；裸露的 . a very revealing dress revelation n. the making known of some secret 展示；揭露；显露 . The revelation of his scandalous past led to his resignation. revelations n. (宗教)启示录 [相关搭配] reveal a scandal 揭露丑闻 reveal the inside story (of) 揭开内幕 reveal a secret 揭开秘密 reveal the objective laws 揭示客观规律 a. Her biography revealed that she was not as rich as everyone thought. b. A joke can be very revealing of what someone’s really thinking. c. He still did not reveal what he felt about me. 2. accumulate vi./ vt. to collect or grow into a mass积累；积聚 . A thick layer of dust had accumulated in the room.
《大学英语精读》(预备级)教学大纲
《大学英语》(College English)课程教学大纲（艺术本科） 一、课程代码： 二、课程类型：必修课 三、课程性质：公共课 四、学分：16课时：256 五、考核方式：考试 六、先修课程：高中英语 七、适用专业：艺术设计专业（本科） 八、课程教学目标： 学生能在大学一，二年级的英语学习中，将英语学习的听，说，读，写，译各个方面能力提高到一个新的阶段。教学环节应覆盖课前预习，课堂讲授，习题讨论，课后深化扩展各个环节，教学内容应体现教学目的。具体要求如下：①词汇：学生应从800词起点逐步掌握4200词。其中复用式掌握2500词。掌 握的重点在于这些词的a)语言中最常见的词形。b)词汇的核心用法c)它们构成的典型组合搭配，并具有按照词语基本构成，词法识别生词的能力。 ②语法：巩固和加强基本语法知识，提高在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力。 ③阅读能力：阅读是掌握语言知识，打好语言基础，获取信息的重要渠道。阅 读能力是大部分大学生今后工作所需要的主要语言技能，在大学英语教学要始终注重阅能力的培养。具体来说，学生应能通过学习，顺利阅读语言难度中等的一般性题材的文章。掌握中心大意以及说明中心大意的事实和细节，并能进行一定的分析，推理和判断。领会作者的观点和态度。阅读速度达到每分钟70词。在阅读篇幅较长，难度较低，生词不超过总阅读3%的材料
时，能掌握中心大意，抓住主要事实和有关细节。阅读速度达到每分钟100词。 ④听的能力：随着交际的需要和大学英语四级题型的改变我们发现对学生听的 能力做了进一步的提高，在此基础上，学生应能基本听懂英语授课，并能听懂题材熟悉，句子结构比较简单，基本上无生词，语速为130-150词的简短会话，谈话，报道和讲座，掌握其中心大意，抓住要点和有关细节，领会讲话者的观点和态度。 ⑤说的能力：能就教材内容和适当的听力材料进行问答和复述，能用英语进行 一般的日常会话，能就听熟悉的话题经过准备后做简短发言，表达思想比较清楚，语音语调基本正确。 ⑥写的能力：能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时做笔记，回答问题，写提 纲，能就一定的话题或提纲在半小时内写出120-150的短文，能写短信和便条，表达思想清楚，无重大语言错误。 ⑦译的能力：能借助词典将难度稍低于课文的英语翻译成汉语，理解正确，译 文达意，译速为每小时300英语单词，能将内容熟悉的汉语文字材料翻译成英语，译文达意，无重大语言错误，译速为每小时250汉字。 随着国际交往的饿日益扩大，全面提高大学生的听，说，读，写，译等技能已经越来越重要。同时，英语应用能力是各种语言技能的综合反映，这些技能是相辅相成，互相促进的。在具体的教学过程中，听，说，读，写，译的训练可以根据学生的特点和需要有所侧重，但要作到协调发展。在培养听，说，读，写，译各项技能时，既要掌握和应用语言知识的准确性，又要注意应用语言时的流利程度和得体性。
目录 《音乐》教学大纲 (1) 《舞蹈基础》教学大纲 (4) 《服装表演》教学大纲 (7) 《服饰赏析》教学大纲 (10) 《公共关系》教学大纲 (12) 《市场营销》教学大纲 (14) 《现代推销理论与技巧》教学大纲 (17) 《服装表演编导》教学大纲 (20) 《广告影视表演》教学大纲 (22) 《秘书学》教学大纲 (24) 《消费心理学》教学大纲 (26) 《营销实务与案例分析》教学大纲 (29) 《应用文写作》教学大纲 (32) 《秘书实务》教学大纲 (34) 《乐器钢琴》教学大纲 (36) 《服饰搭配艺术》教学大纲 (38) 《摄影艺术》教学大纲 (41) 《文学欣赏》教学大纲 (43) 《客户关系管理》教学大纲 (45) 《服装品牌策划》教学大纲 (48) 《发型》教学大纲 (51)
《形象礼仪》教学大纲 (54) 《实用美容技术》教学大纲 (56) 《化妆》教学大纲 (58) 《服装表演实践》教学大纲 (60) 《现代营销模拟实训》教学大纲 (62) 《毕业设计与答辩》教学大纲 (64) 《岗位实习》教学大纲....................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。 《音乐》教学大纲
课程中文名称：《音乐》 课程代码：306035 课程性质：专业必修课 学时学分：50学时3.0学分（其中讲课30 学时，实践20学时） 先修课程：无 适用专业：服装表演 一、课程性质、目的和要求 音乐课程是服装表演与营销专业的一门专业必修课。该课程着眼于培养学生的审美素质、艺术思维能力及良好的音乐感觉，引导学生积极参与音乐实践活动，根据大学生的知识结构和理解能力，力图对音乐文化有一个较全面的了解。 基本要求： 1、要注意培养、发展学生演唱歌曲的兴趣与爱好，增强演唱的自信心；发展学生的表演潜 能及创造潜能，使他们能够运用歌唱的形式表达个人的情感。并在歌唱中享受到美的愉悦，得到情感的陶冶与升华。 2、通过指挥教学使学生学会歌唱指挥的基本技能。 3、音乐欣赏教学要采用多种形式，引导学生参与音乐实践活动，在聆听、歌唱等活动中，发展感受、体验和鉴赏音乐的能力。 二、课程内容 （一）课程重点与难点 本课程的重点：培养节奏感；掌握一定的音乐表现力；通过音乐的赏析，拓宽视野，提高学生对音乐语言的理解能力和对音乐作品的审美能力。 本课程的难点：学生对音乐语言的理解能力和对音乐作品的审美能力的掌握。 （二）课程内容 第一章歌唱指挥
U1 1. 飞机乘务员应对所有旅客的安全负责。be responsible for The crew of an airliner should be responsible for the safety of all the passengers. 2. 请尽快把这些英文报纸和杂志分送给每位订阅者。distribute to Please distribute these English newspapers and magazines to every subscriber as soon as possible. 3. 学院决定举办系列讲座,商务英语专业的学生必须出席。decide on The college has decided on a lecture series and Business English majors must be present. 4. 若需进一步的补充解释,请参阅教师参考书第58页。refer to For additional explanation, please refer to page 58 of the teacher’s reference book. 5. 大多数人都会关注与自己有关的事。relate to Most people will be interested in what relates to themselves. 6. 最近,下海经商的人越来越多。go into business Recently, more and more people have gone into business. 一个大批量出售货物的商人被称作批发商。in bulk 7. A businessman who sells goods in bulk is called a wholesaler. 8. 据报道,目前工资水平在某种程度上仍稍稍领先于物价水平。to a certain extent, ahead of It’s reported that nowadays wages are, to a certain extent, still one step ahead U2 1. 总经理将重要文件分发给部门经理。hand out The general manager handed out the important documents to the department managers. 2. 欺骗顾客和逃税构成了他们那个时期的商业政策。make up Cheating customers and evading taxes made up their business policy in those days. 3. 在英语中,数学可以简称作maths或math。for short Mathematics can be called maths or math for short in English. 4. 这座城市被认为是此经济合作区的龙头。be known as This city is known as leading the economic cooperative zone. 5. 虽然这对夫妇对所要买的家具的价格没有异议,但对式样意见不一。agree on Although the couple agreed on the price of the furniture they wanted to buy, they disagreed about the style. 6. 我上个月买了台笔记本电脑,不过花了大价钱。at a price I bought a laptop last month but only at a price. 7. 一个大a批量出售货物的商人被称作批发商。pay for The parents work hard to pay for their children’s tuition. 8. 你的不诚实是我最终与你断绝往来的原因。in the end Your dishonesty was the reason why I had to break off our relationship in the end. 9. 他叔父决意在乡下定居, 而不住在城里。choose to
《大学英语》（一）精读+写作模块课程教学大纲 【课程基本情况】 一、课程代码：020001 二、课程类别及性质： 《大学英语》（一）为非英语专业本科生的一门公共基础必修课. 三、课程学时学分： 本课程学习为一学期，共72学时(每周4学时，18周），2学分。 四、教学对象： 非英语专业本科学生（艺术系和日语专业除外）。一年级（第一学期）开设。 五、课程教材： 大学英语综合教程（1）全新版【李荫华主编上海外语教育出版社】第一版 六、开设系（部）：全院非英语专业（艺术系和日语专业除外） 承担系（部）：外语系 七、先修课程：无。 【教学目的】 《大学英语》（一）是非英语专业一年级学生必修的一门重要基础课。开设《大学英语》（一）精读+写作模块旨在帮助学生熟练掌握语法知识，领会式掌握2000个单词（其中复用式掌握的单词为1200词），并在读、听、写、说等方面进行正规训练。通过学习，提高理解语篇及运用语法的能力，顺利阅读语言难度中等题材的文章，运用综合知识进行听、
说、读、写、译五项基本语言技能。在本学期末，通过本课程的学习，学生应该达到以下要求： 1、词汇 领会式掌握2000个单词（其中复用式掌握的单词为1200个词）以及由这些词构成的常用词组（并具有按照基本构词法识别生词的能力）。 2、语法 巩固和加深以前学过的语法知识，提高在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力。 3、阅读能力 能顺利阅读语言难度中等的一般性题材的文章，掌握中心大意以及说明中心大意的事实和细节，并能够进行一定的分析、推理和判断，领会作者的观点和态度，阅读速度达到每分钟50个词。在阅读篇幅较长、难度略低的生词不超过总词数的3%的材料时，能掌握中心大意，抓住主要事实和有关细节，阅读速度达到每分钟70词。 4、听的能力 能听懂英语讲课，并能听懂题材熟悉，句子结构比较简单，基本没有生词，语速为每分钟80-110个词的简短会话，报道和讲座，掌握其中心大意，抓住要点和有关细节，领会讲话者的观点和态度。 5、说的能力 能就教材内容和适当的听力材料进行问答和复述，能用英语进行一般的日常会话，能就熟悉的话题经准备后作简短发言，表达思想比较清楚，语音、语调基本正确。 6、写的能力 能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时做笔记，回答问题，写提纲，能就一定的话题在半小时内写出100-120个词的短文，能写短信和便条，表达意思清楚，无重大语言错误。 7、译的能力 能借助词典将难度略低和课文的英语短文译成汉语，理解正确，译文达意。 【教学内容、基本要求及学时分配】 Unit 1 Growing Up （8学时） 一、Text A Writing for Myself （理论教学6学时）
九年义务教育全日制小学音乐教学大纲（试用） 音乐教育是实施美育的重要途径，对于培养学生德、智、体全面发展，提高全民族的素质和建设社会主义精神文明有着重要的作用。 音乐课是九年义务教育小学阶段的必修课。小学音乐教育包括音乐课堂教学和课外音乐活动。 一、教学目的 （一）突出音乐学科的特点，把爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱社会主义的教育和活泼乐观情绪、集体主义精神的培养渗透到音乐教育之中，使学生成为有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的社会主义接班人和建设者。 （二）启迪智慧，陶冶情操，培养审美情趣，使学生身心得到健康的发展。 （三）培养学生对音乐的兴趣爱好，掌握浅显的音乐基础知识和简单的音乐技能，使学生具有认识简单乐谱的能力。 （四）了解我国各民族优秀的民族民间音乐，培养学生对祖国音乐艺术的感情和民族自豪感、自信心，并初步接触外国的优秀音乐作品，扩大视野，使学生具有初步的感受音乐、表现音乐的能力。 二、教学内容和基本要求 小学音乐教学内容包括唱歌、唱游、器乐、欣赏、识谱知识和视唱听音等。 （一）唱歌 1．揭示歌曲的思想性、艺术性，启发学生的音乐想象力，使其
有感情地歌唱，受到歌曲艺术形象的感染教育。 2．学习正确的歌唱姿势和呼吸方法，自然圆润地发声，清晰地咬字、吐字。重视中声区的发声训练。 3．注意音高，节奏准确。中年级起加入轮唱和二声部合唱，要求声音和谐、均衡。 4．保护儿童嗓音，防止喊唱和用嗓过度。 （二）唱游 1．唱游教学包括律动、音乐游戏、歌表演和集体舞等。 2．培养学生的节奏感、韵律感，在感受音乐的基础上有感情地进行唱游等活动。 （三）器乐 1．根据不同条件，可选学常见的儿童打击乐器、简易的民族乐器和口琴、竖笛、铝板琴、教学电子琴等。所选乐器，应注意音准和音色，鼓励师生自制简易打击乐器。 2．学习正确的演奏姿势和方法。 3．练习曲和乐曲应适合学生的接受程度，注意循序渐进。练习时注意音高，节奏要准确。 （四）欣赏 1．培养欣赏音乐的良好习惯。 2．欣赏我国优秀的民歌和说唱、戏曲音乐唱段，初步接触外国优秀音乐。 3．介绍人声分类和声乐演唱形式、常见乐器和器乐演奏形式，
大学英语精读课的教学心得 本学期本人任教一年级大学英语课程，工作中自觉遵守教学规律，贯彻党的教育方针，以身作则，教书育人。关注本学科及相关的学术发展动态，刻苦钻研，努力提高自身业务水平，坚持学习，与同事进行交流合作，积极参加科组教研活动，例如到深圳职业技术学院参观学习，学院第二英语角活动，主动提出意见建议，促进教学教改。关心学院发展与建设，服从工作安排，遵守各规章纪律，保持全勤，参与学院的集体活动。以下是本人的几点教学心得： 我们的学生在中学阶段已经掌握了较系统的语法知识，故目前在教学中重点是提高学生的阅读理解能力，进而培养学生的书面表达能力。据学生反映，他们的难题主要是单词和课文内容。相应的教学方法是： 一、单独讲解单词。如果只是简单地解释词性、意思、词组，然后做翻译练习，不免显得枯燥，而且学生很难整节课都集中注意力，因而达不到良好教学效果。本人采用的方法是尽量地把本课单词有机地串联起来，帮助学生形成一种记忆链条，并且给他们定一个目标：Try to put everything in mind instead of on the notebook！例如，在这个单元中，主要探讨科学的发展及其对我们生活的影响。上课的时候，首先从手机（mobile phone）展开话题，由其体积大小、价格的变化，引出技术发展两个新词：technology，develop，（development），继而是技术发展的动力之一“竞争”（competition），而当今的竞争是激烈的（severe）、“全球性的”（global），创造力（inventiveness）、自创精神（initiative）尤为重要，接下来讨论科技发展（technology development）对我们日常生活的影响或关联（relevance）。到此，让学生尝试用几句话把这些词串连起来：Technology develops at a rapid rate nowadays. Anyway, the rapid development has been brought about by the force of competition, which is severe and global, and needs initiative. Does the development have any relevance to our daily life? Sure. Ten years ago, it was impossible for a student to have a mobile phone. 在讲解完一组相关的词后，让学生做课本的选词填空练习，巩固对单词词义的理解和掌握正确用法。其次，以游戏的方式练习词汇。由一或两名学生背对黑板，教师写上词或词组，全班同学给提示直到他们猜出词语。这样既活跃课堂又使学生有机会练习口头表达能力，也可锻炼当众表演的胆量。例如，dream一词，提示有：something in your mind when you sleep, sometimes it is true, sometimes it is imagination, people may appear, animal may also come into sight, you might be happy, might be frightened, even in horror……大量旧词汇得到复习。 二、课文讲解。由于课是两节或三节连堂，如果按照传统的语言点、加语法、再加句子分析翻译，学生很难完全接受。较可行的方法是分成三部分。第一，先完成整篇的理解性问题，课本的“content question”，让学生了解课文大概。第二，语言点、语法结构讲解，分段落完成。学生们逐段阅读，留一定时间给他们提问，然后就学生忽视的内容个别提问、再总结，形成教与学的互动，促使学生思考。第三，完成第一、第二阶段的教学后，再分析整篇文章的结构，每部分的main ideas，总结全文观点。让学生练习表达能力。同时回顾一些重要的细节或段落、句子，构成完整的篇章学习。部份故事性趣味性强的文章，采用分组表演，促进学生团对合作。很受欢迎。 三、课后练习：时间充裕的话，可让学生在课堂完成，再评讲，或者布置为家庭作业，课堂评讲。这也可作为语法、语言点的练习与复习。尽量运用本单元新学的知识，再与先前所掌握的作比较。 四、随堂测验。每讲完一小单元，如单词、语法或语言点之后，用十分钟左右进行随堂测验，可用口头或书面形式。可深化学生的记忆，达到良好的教学效果。 五、作业批改。学生首先关注的是分数，往往忽视错误部分，故批改时只圈出错的地方，学生自己改正后再上交，然后针对个别辅导。真正巩固知识。 以上是本人的教学心得。在今后的工作中，本人将继续努力，不断提高教学水平，高质量完成教学任务。