To love and to loved is the greatest happiness of existence.-----Sydney Smith
爱人和被人爱是人生最大的幸福。 -------悉尼。史密斯
All love is sweet, given or returned. Common as light is loved, and its familiar voice wearies not ever. ------Shelley
所有的爱都是甜蜜的，无论是给予还是回报。爱就像阳光一样无所不在，他那熟悉的嗓音永远不会消沉。 ----雪莱
Hatred paralyzes life; love release it. Hatred confuses life; loveharmonizes it. Hatred darken life; love illuminates it.
-----MartinLuther King
恨使生活瘫痪无力，爱使他重获新生。恨使生活混乱不堪，爱是它变得和谐。恨使什么漆黑一团，爱使它光彩夺目。 --马丁。路德。金
It's difficult to know at what moment love begins; it is less difficult to know that it has begun. ---H.W.Longfellow
知道爱情开始是困难的，但知道爱情已经开始则不那么困难了。 ----H。W。朗费罗
If you'd be loved, be worthy to be loved. ----Ovid
要得到别人的爱，就必须要有值得爱的地方。 ---奥维德
Love is ever matter of comedies, and how and then of tragedies.
----Bacon
爱情常是喜剧，偶尔是悲剧。 ----培根
Love lives in cottages as well as in courts. ----George Herbert 爱在茅屋，亦在深宫。 ----乔治。赫伯特
Human nature is so constructed that it gives affection most readily tothose who seem least to demand it. ------Bertrand Russell 人的天性就是如此，他最乐意将爱给予那些似乎最不强求爱的人。 -----
罗素
Love triumphs over everything. Love has no age, no limit and no death. ----John Galsworthy
爱情战胜一切。爱情没有寿命，没有极限，没有死亡。 ----约翰。高尔斯华
Sweetest joy ,the wildest woe is love.------philip bailey
爱情是最甜蜜的欢乐，最强烈的痛苦。-----菲利浦。贝利
There is hardly any activity,any enterprise ,which is started
withsuch tremendous hopes and expectations,and yet which fails soregularly,as love.------erich fromm
几乎没有任何活动、任何事业如同爱情一般；开始时充满着无限的希望与期待；而结束时却毫不例外地落空。-----埃里克。弗洛姆
Man's love is of man's life a thing apart,'Tis woman's whole existence.------byron
爱情是男人生命中的一部分，却是女人生命的全部。------拜伦
Marriage is like life in this --that it is field of battle ,and not a bed of roses.------robert Stevenson
婚姻生活---乃战场而玫瑰花朵。-----罗伯特。史蒂文森
Men are April when they woo,December when they wed;maids are May whenthey are maids,but the sky changes when they are
wives.------Shakespear
男人求婚时像四月天，婚后像十二月天；女人少女时像五月天，为人妻后就变天。-----莎士比亚
It ishard for the human soul not to love something ,and our mind must ofnecessity be drawn to some kind of affection. -----Jerome 要使人的灵魂不去爱是很难的，而我们的思想也有必要被某在种爱所吸引。------杰洛姆
One is easily fooled by that which one love. -----Moliere
人容易被所爱的人愚弄。 ----莫里衰
An immature person may achieve great success in a carreer but never in a marriage. -----Benjamin Spock
不成熟的人或许在事业上有很大的成就，在婚姻上则不然。 ----本杰明。史波克
The happiest women, like the happiest nations, have no history. -----George Eliot
最幸福的女人，像最幸福的民族一样，没有历史。 ----乔治。艾略特
When success comes in the door, it seems, love often goes out the window. -----Joyce Brothers
成功来到门前时，爱情往往就走出了窗外。 -----乔伊斯。卜洛泽
Love should be a tree whose roots are deep in the earth, but whose branches extend into heaven. ---Bertrand Russell
爱情之树应该深深扎根在泥土中，而起枝条则要伸展与广阔的天空。 ------罗素
Loveliness, needs not the foreign aid of ornament, but is when unadorned, adorned the most. ---James Thompson
可爱，并不需要外来的装饰，天然的可爱远比雕饰的更可爱。 -----詹姆斯。汤普森
As selfishness and complaint cloud the mind, so love with its joy clears and sharpens the vision. ------Helen Keller
自私和抱怨是心灵阴暗，愉悦的爱则使视野明朗开阔。 ----海仑。凯勒
Be of love a little more careful than of anything. ----E.E.Cummings 对待爱情应该比对其它任何事都更谨慎。 ---E。E。康明斯
Wives are young men's mistresses; companions for middle ages and old men's nurses. ----Bacon
妻子是年轻人的情妇；中年人的伴侣；老年人的看护。 ----培根
When we lose one we love, our bitterest tears are called for by thememory of hours when we loved not enough. -----Maurice Maeterlinck 当失去心爱的人时，我们抛洒悲苦的眼泪，那是因为我们想起了过去没有好好的深爱他们。 ----莫里斯。梅特林克
New love is brightest, and long love is greatest; but revived love is the tenderest thing known upon earth. -----Thomas Hardy 新生的爱情殉丽多彩，长久的爱情崇高伟大；但复苏的爱情则是世界上最温柔的事情。 -----托马斯。哈代
One cannot be strong without love. For love is not an irrelevantemotion; it is the blood of life, the power of reunion of theseparated. -----Paul Tillich
没有爱，人无法坚强，因为爱不是一种无足轻重的情感；它是生命的血液，是分离者重新团聚的力量。 ---保罗。蒂里希
Our hours in love have wings; in absence crutches. -----Colley Cibber 爱情的时光长出了翅膀；离别时，它们是我们的精神支柱。 ----科雷。西柏
True love's the gift which God has given to man alone beneath the heaven. ----Sir Walter Scott
真爱是上帝单独赐予普天下芸芸众生的礼物。 -----沃尔特。司各特
And when love speaks, the voice of all the gods makes heaven drowsy with the harmony. ----Shakespeare
当爱说话时，众神的声音是苍天沉浸在和谐的静寂中。 ----莎士比亚
Love is an endless mystery, fot it has nothing else to explain it. -----Tagore
爱是一个无穷无尽的迷，因为没有任何其他东西能够解释它。 ----泰戈尔
Among those whom I like, i can find no common denominator, but amongthose whom i love, i can: all of them make me laugh. ----W.H.Auden 我无法在我所喜欢的人中间找到共同的特征，但我能在我所爱的人中间找到它：他们都会是我欢笑。 ---W。H。奥登
There's noting half so sweet in life as love's young dream.
-----Thomas Moore
生命中没有任何东西能像进入充满活力的爱之梦那样甜美。 ----托马斯。莫尔
Love is the joy of the good, the wonder of the wise, the amazement ofthe gods; desired by those who have no part in him , and precious tothose who have the better part in him. ---Plato
爱是美好带来的欢欣，智慧创造的奇观，神仙赋予的惊奇。缺乏爱的人渴望得到它，拥有爱的人又万般珍惜它。 ---柏拉图
There is no paradise on earth equal to the union of love and innocence. ---Rousseau
人世间最大的幸福莫过于既有爱情又爱的纯洁无暇。 ---卢梭
The good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge.
-----Bertrand Russell
美好的生活是一种由爱激励和由知识指导的生活。 ----罗素
The best proof of love is trust. ----Joyce Brothers
爱的最好的证明就是信任。 -----乔治斯。布格泽斯
Love is an active power in man, a power which breaks through the wallswhich separate man from his fellow men which unites him with others;love makes him overcome the sense of isolation and separateness, yet itermits to be himself, to retain his integrity. ----Erich Fromm 爱是活跃于人心中的一种力量，它冲破人与人之间的隔阂，是我们紧紧相连；它使我们战胜孤独无助，但仍使我们保持自我个性的独立完整。 ----埃里克。拂洛姆
Love, friendship, respect, do not unite people as much as a common hatred for something. ---chekhov
爱情，友谊和尊敬都不如对某事物的共同的恨那样能把人们团结起来。
-----契可夫
I love you not because of who you are, but because of who I am when I am with you.
我爱你，不是因为你是一个怎样的人，而是因为我喜欢与你在一起时的感觉。
No man or woman is worth your tears, and the one who is ,won't make you cry.
没有人值得你流泪，值得让你这么做的人不会让你哭泣。
The worst way to miss someone is to be sitting right beside them knowing you can't have them.
失去某人，最糟糕的莫过于，他近在身旁，却犹如远在天边。
Never frown, even when you are sad, because you never know who is falling in love with your smile.
纵然伤心，也不要愁眉不展，因为你不知是谁会爱上你的笑容。
To the world you may be one person, but to one person you may be the world.
对于世界而言，你是一个人；但是对于某人，你是他的整个世界。
Don't waste your time on a man/woman, who isn't willing to waste their time on you.
不要为那些不愿在你身上花费时间的人而浪费你的时间。
Just because someone doesn't love you the way you want them to, doesn't mean they don't love you with all they have.
爱你的人如果没有按你所希望的方式爱你，那并不代表他们没有全心全意地爱你。
Don't try to hard, the best things come when you least expect them to.
不要着急，最好的总会在最不经意的时候出现。
MaybeGod wants us to meet a few wrong people before meeting the right one,so that when we finally meet the person, we will know how to begrateful.
在遇到梦中人之前，上天也许会安排我们先遇到别人；在我们终于遇见心仪的人时，便应当心存感激。
Don't cry because it is over, smile because it happened.
不要因为结束而哭泣，微笑吧，为你的曾经拥有。
回答人的补充 2009-09-24 00:12
Where there is great love, there are always miracles.
哪里有真爱存在，哪里就有奇迹。
Love is like a butterfly. It goes where it pleases and it pleases where it goes.
爱情就像一只蝴蝶，它喜欢飞到哪里，就把欢乐带到哪里。
If I had a single flower for every time I think about you, I could walk
forever in my garden.
假如每次想起你我都会得到一朵鲜花，那么我将永远在花丛中徜徉。
Within you I lose myself, without you I find myself wanting to be lost again.
有了你，我迷失了自我。失去你，我多么希望自己再度迷失。
At the touch of love everyone becomes a poet.
每一个沐浴在爱河中的人都是诗人。
Look into my eyes - you will see what you mean to me.
看看我的眼睛，你会发现你对我而言意味着什么。
Distance makes the hearts grow fonder.
距离使两颗心靠得更近。
I need him like I need the air to breathe.
我需要他，正如我需要呼吸空气。
If equal affection cannot be, let the more loving be me.
如果没有相等的爱，那就让我爱多一些吧。
Love is a vine that grows into our hearts.
爱是长在我们心里的藤蔓。
If I know what love is, it is because of you.
因为你，我懂得了爱。
Love is the greatest refreshment in life.
爱情是生活最好的提神剂。
Love never dies.
爱情永不死。
The darkness is no darkness with thee.
有了你，黑暗不再是黑暗。
We cease loving ourselves if no one loves us.
如果没有人爱我们，我们也就不会再爱自己了。
There is no remedy for love but to love more.
治疗爱的创伤唯有加倍地去爱。
When love is not madness, it is not love.
如果爱不疯狂就不是爱了。
A heart that loves is always young.
有爱的心永远年轻。
Love is blind.
爱情是盲目的。
Love is like the moon, when it does not increase, it decreases.
爱情就像月亮，不增则减。
The soul cannot live without love.
灵魂不能没有爱而存在。
Brief is life, but love is long.
生命虽短，爱却绵长。
Who travels for love finds a thousand miles not longer than one.
在爱人眼里，一千里的旅程不过一里。
Love keeps the cold out better than a cloak.
爱比大衣更能驱走寒冷。
Take away love, and our earth is a tomb.
没有了爱，地球便成了坟墓。
My heart is with you.
我的爱与你同在。
I miss you so much already and I haven't even left yet!
尽管还不曾离开，我已对你朝思暮想！
I'll think of you every step of the way.
我会想你，在漫漫长路的每一步。
Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you. 无论你身在何处，无论你为何忙碌，我都会在此守候。
Passionate love is a quenchless thirst.
热烈的爱情是不可抑制的渴望。
The most precious possession that ever comes to a man in this world is a woman's heart.
在这个世界上，男人最珍贵的财产就是一个女人的心。
One word frees us of all the weight and pain in life.That word is love. 有一个词可以让我们摆脱生活中所有的负担和痛苦，那就是"爱情"。
Every day without you is like a book without pages.
没有你的日子就像一本没有书页的书。
Love is hard to get into, but harder to get out of.
爱很难投入，但一旦投入，便更难走出。
Love is a light that never dims.
爱是一盏永不昏暗的明灯。
May your love soar on the wings of a dove in flight.
愿你的爱乘着飞翔的白鸽，展翅高飞。
She who has never loved, has never lived.
人活着总要爱一回。
Life is the flower for which love is the honey.
生命如花，爱情是蜜。
No words are necessary between two loving hearts.
两颗相爱的心之间不需要言语。
Precious things are very few in this world. That is the reason there is just one you.
在这世上珍贵的东西总是罕有，所以这世上只有一个你。
You make my heart smile.
我的心因你而笑。
The road to a lover's house is never long.
通往爱人家里的路总不会漫长。
Why do the good girls, always want the bad boys?
为何好女孩总喜欢坏男孩？
Being with you is like walking on a very clear morning.
和你在一起就像在一个清爽的早晨漫步。
It is never too late to fall in love.
爱永远不会嫌晚。
To the world you may be just one person. To the person you may be the world. 对于世界，你可能只是一个人，但对于某个人，你却是整个世界。
Where there is love, there are always wishes.
哪里有爱，哪里就有希望。
You don't love a woman because she is beautiful, but she is beautiful because you love her.
你不会因为美丽去爱一个女人，但她却会因为你的爱而变得美丽。
Love is something eternal; the aspect may change, but not the essence. 爱是永恒的，外表可能改变，但本质永远不变。
Love is not a matter of counting the days. It's making the days count. 爱情不是数着日子过去，它让每个日子都变得有意义。
With the wonder of your love, the sun above always shines.
拥有你美丽的爱情，太阳就永远明媚。
Love is a fabric that nature wove and fantasy embroidered.
爱情是一方织巾，用自然编织，用幻想点缀。
First love is unforgettable all one's life.
初恋是永生难忘的。
In the very smallest cot there is room enough for a loving pair.
哪怕是最小的茅舍，对一对恋人来说都有足够的空间。
Love without end hath no end.
情绵绵，爱无边。
Love's tongue is in the eyes.
爱情的话语全在双眼之中。
In love folly is always sweet.
恋爱中，干傻事总是让人感到十分美妙。
There is no hiding from lover's eyes.
什么也瞒不过恋人的眼睛。
The only present love demands is love.
爱所祈求的唯一礼物就是爱。
The heart that once truly loves never forgets.
真挚恋爱过的心永不忘却。
Love warms more than a thousand fires.
爱情的炽热胜过千万团的火。
Y our smiling at me is my daily dose of magic.
你嫣然的微笑是我每日享受到的魅力。
Y our kiss still burns on my lips, everyday of mine is so beautiful.
你的吻还在我的唇上发烫，从此我的日子变得如此美丽。
Love understands love; it needs no talk.
相爱的心息息相通，无需用言语倾诉。
Love me little and love me long.
不求情意绵绵，但求天长地久。
First impression of you is most lasting.
对你最初的印象，久久难以忘怀。
When the words "I love you" were said by you for the first time, my world blossoms. 第一次听到你对我说"我爱你"，我的世界一瞬间鲜花绽开。
Tell me you are mine. I'll be yours through all the years, till the end of time.
请告诉我你是我的。岁岁年年，我都属于你，永远永远。
Love is a fire which burns unseen.
爱情是无形燃烧的火焰。
I feel happy at times we have had angry words but these have been kissed away.
我们生气争执时，爱的双唇把它们吻得无影无踪，我的心也顿觉甜蜜。
Y ou cannot appreciate happiness unless you have known sadness too.
不知道什么是忧伤，就不会真正感激幸福。
But if the while I think on thee, dear friend, all losses are restored, and sorrows end. 只要我一想起你，亲爱的人，所有的失落和遗憾烟消云散.
The story was set in one of the Universities in the United States of America. Dobie, according to his own assessment, is a cool, logical, keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute guy who wanted to have a girl named Polly. Polly was a beautiful, gracious, intelligent girl. Polly by then was dating the main character's roommate Petey. Petey was eager to have a raccoon coat so that he can be in the swim as the Big Men in campus. Dobie wanted to exchange the girl by giving him a raccoon coat. The narrator’s tone was humorous in the later story when he was hanging out with Polly and he thought he was excellent enough to date with Polly. Rather than being nothing upstairs and emotional type just like Petey, he taught Polly 8 logic fallacies in order to make her smart. However, it is a satire that the girl turn down Dobie’s request of being his girlfriend with the logical statement Dobie taught her. And it is also a satire that Polly finally received Petey’s love just because he had a raccoon coat. The love relationship between the three characters is actually a fallacy itself. Dobie thought love was only to be a perfect guy so as to deserve a perfect girlfriend. After his great endeavor to perfect Polly to have a logic thinking, Polly got her acknowledge of love, that is follow her own desire. Petey thought he lost his lover when he accept Dobie’s raccoon coat, however, he was the last one to own Polly as he had a raccoon coat. All the three were given the result they hadn’t expected at first. In my opinion, the funny story was exiting due to the wrong personal
第一幕道具：皮毛衣 Petey 和polly 在湖边约会。正当petey很猥琐的想要亲polly时polly一把把他推进了湖里，Petey“what are you doing？！” polly“I am done with you, I love your roommate Jake.”并指着远远走过来的Jake Petey“why?” polly“because he has a raccoon coat.” 第二幕道具：酒瓶 Dobie抱着一堆书从门口进来，一边照镜子，一边自言自语说“Cool was I and logical. Keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute--I was all of these. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. And--think of it! --I was only eighteen.” 一不小心踢到了正坐在地上为失恋而伤心的petey， D“what’s wrong with you？Don't take a laxative. I'll get a doctor” petey“raccoon……”“raccoon……” D“what？Raccoon？” P“1 want a raccoon coat” D“Why do you want a raccoon coat?” P“1 should have known they'd come back when the Charleston came back..Like a fool I spent all my money for textbooks, and now I can't get a raccoon coat. So polly just want to leave me alone.” Petey突然站了起来，不小心撞到了正俯着身子看他的dobie，“I must get a raccoon coat!” D“Petey, why? Look at it rationally. Raccoon coats are shed. They smell bad. They weight too much. They're unsightly. They……” P“you don’t understand, I'd give anything for a raccoon coat. Anything!” D“anything？” 第三幕dobie筹谋着追polly D“petey, are you still in love with Polly?” P“maybe……I don’t know” D“well，do you have any kind of formal arrangement with her? I mean are you going steady or anything like that?” P “No. We see each other quite a bit, but we both have other dates. Why” D“Nothing.”转身准备行李，然后慢慢走向门口。 P“where are you going？” D“home for the weekend” P“can you lend some money to me so I can buy a raccoon coat？” D“1 may do better than that” 第四幕dobie问爸爸要皮衣爸爸在书房看书。 D“dad，you have a raccoon coat, haven’t you? A huge, hairy, gamy object that you had worn in his Stutz Bearcat in 1925. ”
Paraphrase 1.He is a nice enough young fellow, you know, but he is empty-headed. 2. A passing fashion or craze, in my opinion, shows a complete lack of reason. 3.I ought to have known that raccoon coats would come back to fashion when the Charleston dance, which was popular in the 1920s, came back. 4.All the important and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. How come you don't know? 5.My brain, which is a precision instrument, began to work at high speed. 6.Except for one thing (intelligence) Polly had all the other requirements. 7.She was not as beautiful as those girls in posters but I felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time. 8.In fact, she went in the opposite direction, that is, she is not intelligent but rather stupid. 9.If you were no longer involved with her (if you stopped dating her) others would be free to compete to get her as a girlfriend. 10.His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to give away Polly became weaker. 11.To teach her to think appeared to be a rather big task. 12.One must admit the outcome does not look very hopeful, but I decided to try one more time. 13.There is a limit to what any human being can bear. 14.I planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for myself, but I turned out to be Frankenstein because Polly (the result/product of my hard work) ultimately rejected me and ruined my plan. 15.Desperately I tried to stop the feeling of panic that was overwhelming me. Translation 1.我的大脑像发电机一样给力，像化学家的天平一样精确，像手术刀一样锋利· 2.遇到一个新潮流就紧跟，沉溺于愚蠢之事，仅仅因为别人在那么干一一一这 在我看来，简直愚蠢透顶。 3.我要特别说明的是，我想得到这妙龄女子并非感情的驱使。 4.毕竟，使一个漂亮的傻姑娘变得聪明比使一个聪明的丑姑娘变得漂亮要容易 些。 5.他的心情极其矛盾，犹豫不决。他先是用面包店窗前的流浪儿那种馋涎欲滴 的神情望着那件皮大衣，接着扭过头去，坚定地咬紧牙关。 6.说不定在她头脑里死火山口中的什么地方，还留有一些残余的火星呢。 7.毕竟，医生在做手术时可以看x光片，律师在审暗时可以看案由，木匠在造 房子时可以看蓝图。 8.假若居里夫人没有碰巧把一张底片放在装有沥青铀矿石的抽屉里，那么世人 今天就不会知道什么是镭。 9.突然，一道智慧之光一一．，这是我从未看到过的·一一闪现在她的眼中。 10.看到波莉并不那么傻，我的信心大增·。于是，我便开始把对她讲过的一切， 长时间地、耐心地复习了一遍。
…… “What? No!” The angriness was full of my mind. I had to tell Polly the fact that what kind of person Petey is. I explained peacefully, “The raccoon coat is not his. I lent him a few days ago when I found him lying on his bed with an expression of such distress on his face. He was dying to have a raccoon coat.” He treated me like that, which led me treat him the same way. “How can he consider the coat as his? Um…Maybe we can meet together tomorrow afternoon and figure all things out. How do you think?” “Okay! It sounds that what you said seems right. But, now, I don’t believe you! So, see you tomorrow.” Polly said, after some hesitation. When I got back to my room, Petey was reading a fashion magazine. “What did you do, Petey? Why did Polly say that she would go steady with you? Can you tell me what’s going on right now?” I just grabbed his magazine, and yelled to him. “Hey, buddy! Don’t be like this. Listen to me. Here is the thing: this afternoon, I came across Polly in my raccoon. I said hello to her. I thought she fell in love with me, after we talked a lot, and so did I. You know, she is so adorable, charming and intelligent. So, I cannot be happy without her, and the deal is not a deal now. Sorry!”And he passed me the raccoon coat. “Owning a pretty girlfriend is also popular, which is better than owning a raccoon coat.” “Ok! Polly wants to see you tomorrow afternoon. You will know she is in love with the raccoon coat instead of you. ” “That’s impossible! I believe that I am the one she loves.” He said seriously. The next afternoon coming, we three all arrived at the place on time. “Petey, why don’t you wear your raccoon coat. You should look very good in the raccoon coat.” Polly stood very close to Petey. “Oh, Polly, I have something to tell you. The raccoon coat is not mine. I borrowed it from Dobie a few days ago. I thought I looked cool in the coat. I was wrong. I realized I don’t need a raccoon coat to let me look cool now, for I have you now. This let me look so cool!” “But if you don’t have a raccoon coat, I will not be with you. With a raccoon coat, you are in fashion, but you don’t have one. I love fashion. So I will not go steady with you.” Polly said disappointedly, and left Petey decisively. Suddenly, I recognized that what a stupid thing I am doing! I don’t want this Polly-style person to be my wife. Then, I accompanied Petey back to our room, telling him that love is a fallacy all the way. And the raccoon coat was back its home, too (in a trunk in the attic back home).
https://www.doczj.com/doc/543042701.html,/v_show/id_XMzI4OTIxNDQ=.html（这是6-59段的performance，可作参考） If to give an individual definition to love, what will your definition be? Love is ___________________. 每位学生想出一个词。上课提问。 Practicing (Appreciation of logic fallacies) In this story, there are many logical terms and examples about these terms which are given by the narrator in correspondence. You have previewed the story. Can you list all of them? Analyze the following fallacies with the help of the text. Dicto Simpliciter (绝对判断) Hasty Generalization(草率结论, 不完全归纳) Post Hoc (牵强附会, 假性因果) Contradictory Premises (矛盾前提, 二立背反，大前提有毛病 Ad Misericordiam：拉丁文，意思为诉诸同情文不对题(a Latin phrase meaning "to pity" ; a fallacy in logic of appealing to pity or compassion. ) False Analogy (错误类比) Hypothesis Contrary to Fact (与事实相反的假设) Poisoning the Well (投毒下井) 1. Dog is a pet. Everyone likes it. 2. I haven’t seen a UFO; Jason hasn’t either; Ms Yan hasn’t probably; so no UFO at all. 3. Don’t sing this song. Every time you sing this song, the baby gets sick. 4. This is the mightiest sword which is able to shatter any shield, and that is the most indestructible shield which is capable of enduring any stroke. 5. “He was late to the class today.” “Because he was scolded by his mother yesterday.” 6. Since we have moon cakes in the Moon Festival, why don’t we have spring cakes in the Spring Festival? 7. If the gunpowder hadn’t been invented, there wouldn’t have been so many wars in the world. 8. Don’t listen to any word from him, for he is most shameful cheating around the world. Please match the terms with those examples which will help you to understand how does the plot develop in the whole text. （study group） What are the characteristics of the title? What kind of genre the text belong to? Argumentation\narration\exposition\description? Elements of a story Setting: Conflict: fallacy & Love Characters: Protagonist: Antagonist: Point of view:
创作编号：BG7531400019813488897SX 创作者：别如克* Love is a Fallacy 翻译 标签：皮大衣浣熊波利查尔斯矛盾分类：别人的文章2008-04-12 10:02 查尔斯．兰姆是一个世所罕见的性情欢快、富有进取心的人，他那笔下的散文《古瓷器》和《梦中的孩子》无拘无束、自由奔放。实在令人难忘。下面这篇文章比兰姆的作品更加自由奔放。实际上，用“自由奔放”的字眼来形容这篇文章并不十分确切，或许用“柔软”、“轻松”或“轻软而富有弹性”更为恰如其分。 尽管很难说清这篇文章是属于哪一类，但可以肯定它是一篇散文小品文。它提出了论点。引用了许多例证，并得出了结论。卡菜尔能写得更好吗?罗斯金呢? 这篇文章意在论证逻辑学非但不枯燥乏味而且活泼、清新、富于关感和激情，并给人以启迪。诸位不妨一读。 ——作者注 我这个人头脑冷静，逻辑思维能力强。敏锐、慎重、聪慧、深刻、机智一一这些就是我的特点。我的大脑像发电机一样发达，孳化学家的天平一样精确，像手术刀一样锋利。一一你知道吗?我才十八岁呀。 年纪这么轻而智力又如此非凡的人并不常有。就拿在明尼苏达大学跟我同住一个房间的皮蒂·伯奇来说吧，他跟我年龄相哆’经历一样，可他笨得像头驴。小伙子长得年轻漂亮，可惜脑子里却空空如也。他易于激动，情绪反复无常，容易受别人的影响。最糟的是他爱赶时髦。我认为，赶时髦就是最缺乏理智的表现。见到一q9种新鲜的东西就跟着学，以为别人都在那么干，自己也就卷进去傻干——这在我看来，简直愚蠢至极，但皮蒂却不以为然。 一天下午我看见皮蒂躺在床上，脸上显露出一种痛苦不堪的表情，我立刻断定他是得了阑尾炎。“别动，”我说，“别吃泻药，我就请医生来。”
①绝对判断 Dicto simpliciter An argument based on an unqualified generalization Eg:1.exercise is good . There everybody should exercise.(who have heart disease) 2.meat will make people fat. (吃肉会长胖) ②草率结论 Hasty generalization Eg:1.you can`t speak french. I can`t speak french. Petey can`t speak french. So nobody at the university of minnesota can speak french. 2.齐国晏子楚国君王橘生淮南则为橘，生于淮北则为枳，叶徒相似，其实味不同。所以然者何？水土异也。今民生长于齐不盗，入楚则盗，得无楚之水土使民善盗耶？” ③牵强附会 Post hoc A faulty generalization by reaching an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence Eg:1.let`s not take Bill on our picnic. Evert time we take him out with us ,it rains. 2.Bill purchases a new Power Mac and it works fine for months. He then buys and installs a new piece of software. The next time he starts up his Mac, it freezes. Bill concludes that the software must be the cause of the freeze. ④前提矛盾 Contradictory premises An argument that draws conclusion from inconsistent or incompatible Essentially a proposition is contradictory when it asserts and denies the same thing Eg:1. if god can do anything,can he make a stone so heavy that he won`t be able to lift it? 2. ⑤文不对题 Ad misericordiam Eg:1.a man applies for a job. Instead he appeals to the boss`s sympathy. 2.We hope you'll accept our recommendations. We spent the last three months working extra time on it. ⑥错误类比 False analogy Eg:1.students should be allowed to look at their textbooks during examinations. After all, surgeons have x-rays to guide them during an operation ,lawyers have briefs to guide them during a trial. 2.
词汇(Vocabulary) fallacy (n.) : a false or mistaken idea，opinion，etc.；error谬论，谬见；错误 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- enterprising (adj.) :full of energy and initiative；willing to undertake new projects有进取心的；充满首创精神的；有胆量的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- unfetter (v.) : free from fetters；free from restraint of any kind；liberate 除掉…的脚镣；解放；使获得自由 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- limp (adj.) :1acking or having lost stiffness；flaccid；drooping，wilted 柔软的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- flaccid (adj.) : hanging in loose folds or wrinkles：soft and limp；flabby 不结实的；松驰的；松软的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- spongy (adj.) :of or like a sponge；soft and porous海绵(状)的；柔软有弹性的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pedantic (adj.) : of or like a pedant迂腐的，书呆子气的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- trauma (n.) :a painful emotional experience，or shock．often producing a lasting psychic effect and sometimes a neurosis(精神)心灵创伤 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- calculating (adj.) : shrewd or cunning. esp. in a selfish way；scheming 精明的；(尤指)专为自己打算的；有算计的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- perspicacious (adj.) :having keen judgement or understanding；acutely perceptive聪颖的；敏锐的 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- astute (adj.) : having or showing a clever or shrewd mind：cunning；crafty；
在进入今天主题，讲述我和小美的故事之前我想先给大家推荐这样的一片文章，其实正是因为我自己的经历我才深深的懂得了这篇文章的内在，而我希望将它跟大家分享，如果你在爱情里面遇到类似的问题，那么我相信这篇文章会给你一点启示的，当然同时，你也可以提升自己的英文。 Love Is a Fallacy《爱情是个谬误》这是一篇我非常喜欢的文章，这也是在大学里我教授的三年级外语专业学生高级英语课本里面的一篇经典文章，国外的大学生也会同步在写作课学习这篇文章。以前我喜欢它只是单纯把它当做一篇幽默的文章来对待，其实也没有深深的去体会过其中滋味，但是现在我才真正体会到为什么爱情是一个谬误。 主人公是一个非常自信甚至很自负的法学院大一男生Dobbie,他自认为又帅，又有才，他看上了自己室友的女友，很想得到那个女生，但是这个女生Polly 只是一个表面很漂亮但却很没有脑子的女生，所以Dobbie决定要先改变这个女孩，把她变聪明之后再得到她。当然第一步是得先得到室友的同意。室友是一个拜金狂，依然没有脑子，于是Dobbie用一件浣熊大衣作为交换条件就轻松得到了室友的许可，于是就和Polly开始约会了。 约会的内容就是教不同的逻辑谬误给Polly，为的就是让她变聪明，因为主人公认为逻辑是让人变聪明的法宝，于是约会就这么开始了，他教授的逻辑问题如下： 1. 绝对判断（Dicto Simpliciter）的谬误。例子如下：“运动是非常有益的，它能增强体质，所以每个人都应该做运动!”，这个论断是明显错误的，因为运动有益是一种无条件的前提。比方说，假设你得了心脏病，运动不但无益，反而有害，有不少人医生就不准他们运动。你必须给这种前提加以限制。你应该说，一般来说运动是有益的。或者说，对大多数人是有益的。否则就是犯了绝对判断的错误 2. 草率结论（Hasty Generalization）的谬误。例子如下：“你不会讲法语，我不会讲法语，皮蒂也不会讲法语。因此我就会断定在明尼苏达大学谁也不会讲法语。”。这明显是一种谬误，这是一种草率的结论。因为支持这种结论的例证太少了。 3. 牵强附会（Post Hoc）的谬误。例子如下：“我们不要带比尔出去野餐。每次带他一起去，天就下雨。” 这是一种谬误。下雨并不是尤拉蓓克尔造成的，下雨与她没有任何关系。 4. 矛盾前提（Contradictory Premises）的例子：如果上帝是万能的，他能造出一块连他自己也搬不动的大石头吗?” ，这依然是谬误，因为如果一种论点的各个前提是矛盾的，那么这种论点就不能成立。如果有一种不可抗拒的
Love is a Fallacy Max Shulman 1 Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream's Children. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb's frontier, indeed, "informal" may not be quite the right word to describe this essay; "limp" or " flaccid" or possibly "spongy" are perhaps more appropriate. 2 Vague though its category, it is without doubt an essay. It develops an argument; it cites instances; it reaches a conclusion. Could Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin ? 3 Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma --Author's Note 4 Cool was I and logical. Keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute--I was all of these. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. And--think of it! --I was only eighteen. 5 It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. Take, for example, Petey Butch, my roommate at the University of Minnesota. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. A nice enough young fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs. Emotional type. Unstable. Impressionable. Worst of all, a faddist. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason. To be swept up in every new craze that comes along, to surrender yourself to idiocy just because everybody else is doing it--this, to me, is the acme of mindlessness. Not, however, to Petey. 6 One afternoon I found Petey lying on his bed with an expression of such distress on his face that I immediately diagnosed appendicitis. "Don't move," I said. "Don't take a laxative. I'll get a doctor." 7 "Raccoon," he mumbled thickly. 8 "Raccoon?" I said, pausing in my flight. 9 "1 want a raccoon coat," he wailed. 10 I perceived that his trouble was not physical, but mental. "Why do you want a raccoon coat?" 11 "1 should have known it," he cried, pounding his temples. "1 should have known they'd come back when the Charleston came back. Like a fool I spent all my money for textbooks, and now I can't get a raccoon coat." 12 "Can you mean." I said incredulously, "that people are actually wearing raccoon coats again?" 13 "All the Big Men on Campus are wearing them. Where've you been?" 14 "In the library," I said, naming a place not frequented by Big Men on Campus
姓名：王昭君 班级：英师本1106班 学号：20111411105 Love is a fallacy In the text, the author thinks that love is a thing that could be used for changing of the materials. In his mind, he just wants to marry a girl who is useful and suitable to his future. He makes a deal with his roommate by using the racoon coat to change for his girlfriend Polly. He simplifies the true meaning of love. He treats it as a deal or a changing of material which is the biggest mistake that he makes. In my point of view, love is the mutual appealing of the two people in their inner heart. It could not buy or change by anything. Love is the feeling that one wants to stay with another. It’s a feeling which beyond our description. Its the willing that one wants to take care of another. The deepest love is the appealing of the two people’s life, the staying together of the two people’s soul. In my mind, my Mr. Right should give me enough respect. He must have his own entrepreneur spirit in his life. The most important thing is that he must be concentrate on our love and be responsible for it.