2008年全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～5题，每题l分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 With immense relief. I stopped running.
A some B、enormous C little D extensive
2 The scientists began to accumulate data.
A collect
B handle
C analyze
D investigate
3 Jack eventually overtook the last truck.
A hit.
B passed
C reached
D led
4 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.
A possible
B profitable
C easy
D wise
5 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.
A fact
B mystery
C statement
D game
6 That guy is really witty.
A smart
B ugly
C honorable
D popular
7 The world champion suffered a sensational defeat.
A reasonable
B dramatic
C humiliating
D horrifying
8 It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.
A prepared
B trained
C qualified
D guided
9 This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.
A praises
B writes
C imitates
D describes
10 The meaning is still obscure.
A vague
B transparent
C alien
D significant
11 Dumped waste might contaminate Water supplies.
A destroy
B decrease
C delay
D pollute
12 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia.
A assumes
B expects
C predicts
D considers
13 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.
A remember
B follow
C understand
D learn
14 I hope that I didn't do anything absurd last night.
A awkward
B strange
C stupid
D awful
15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.
A forbid
B advocate
C inherit
D withdraw
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22垒题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.
Green Roof Research
The concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs，thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent（流行）in Germany，which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research.
The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as 'extensive' and
'intensive' systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses，grasses and herbs，which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not Reed much maintenance. can be grown in a layer of substrate（土层）that can be as shallow as l.5 inches，and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs，such as shrubs（灌木）and even trees，which require deeper substrate layers，and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people.
There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic（美学的）benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you，some of the common economic and ecological benefits are：a reduction in the consumption of energy；air and water purification；recovering green spaces；and the mitigation（缓解）of the heat island effect in urban areas.
The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs，the methods of propagation（繁殖）as well as establishment，nutrient（养料）and water requirement，substrates，and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are：at what rate they can be established：their capacity to withstand invasive weeds：tolerance of cold and heat: tolerance of drought conditions: capacity of persistence and survival.
A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment，which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms.
Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for
landscape contractors. And all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market-a market that is too huge to be overlooked.
16 It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
17 German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
18 Small plants like grasses and herbs are grown widely on intensive green roofs.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
19 Green roof is an ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areas.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
20 0ne of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effect
in cities.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
21 0ne focus；n the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant
species.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
22 Although green roof technology can create a garden-like environment，its
potential market is rather small.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题l分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
The Supercomputer Network
1 Recently. ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked。Their computers have been connected so they can "talk" to each other. This may not seem Mery dramatic news，but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously：
2 The Internet is an interconnected（互联）system of networks that, connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the internet is by accessing this network. This depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download（下载）files，how much data you can store，etc. If your computer is old and slow, accessing the information can be very difficult.
3 The new development in information technology has been called "the grid"（网格技术），and it will be a network of computers that are linked together, The "grid"
will work in a different way from the Internet，enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is that while you access information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations.
4 0ne advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The "grid" will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the lob you want. This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska.
5 The "grid" can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant. You can give your assistant a task and "he" will do it for you. The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data. Compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the "grid" that happen to have the relevant information. All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait.
6 At present，possible applications of the "grid" in scientific research are being explored. While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the "grid" could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly. Scientists working on "grid" Projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years.
23 Paragraph 2
24 Paragraph 3
25 Paragraph 4
26 Paragraph 5
A How does the "grid" work?
B Power shared
C Just make a request
D Limitations of present Internet use
E Distance is not a problem
F A new era for the Internet
27 Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access .
28 The "grid" will enable you to get on your computer the power of in the world。
29 The "grid" would be like ，who can perform your tasks efficiently.
30 It is believed that the widespread use of the "grid" will become possible in the next 。
A the bigger computer stations
B the advantage
C ten years
D information
E your personal assistant
F fifteen years
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
Centers of the Great European Cities
The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting，metropolitan atmosphere.
Squares，plazas（广场）and arcades（拱廊）form the heart of Europe's cities.
Venice in ltaly has the Piazza San Marco—a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes. In Barcelona，Spain，La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. London's Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians，acrobats （杂技演员）and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London，they serve as a beautiful backdrop（背景）to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames.
These vibrant（有活力的）hearts are the product of centuries of evolution，social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently. "The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don't see all the mistakes." said Garreau. "Those have all been removed." Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafés were near to people's homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans' life has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts. driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists，provide the city centers with their reason for existence.
Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos（浓咖啡）and cigarettes.
Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman
Catholic countries used to visit the Church On an almost daily basis. Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets. cafes and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, ltaly is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops，and caters not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community.
31 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe
A has many large squares.
B has many very magnificent sky-scrapers.
C draws tourists in large numbers every year.
D has a center where tourists meet their spouses.
32 Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden?
A It is crowded with people.
B It is located in London.
C It is filled with stalls.
D It is surrounded by shops, Churches, restaurants and cafes.
33 Why do people think that Venice is so great?
A Because it is a famous tourist attraction.
B Because you can reach anywhere by boat.
C Because it is well-known for its merchants。
D Because all the mistakes have been removed.
34 What are Parisians famous for?
A Their pursuit of independence.
B Their enthusiasm for conversation.
C Their ability to keep the city flourishing.
D Their devotion to developing a multiple culture.
35 The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that
A there is a tight link between church and society.
B all churches are magnificent.
C old churches are very popular.
D high-rise churches are impressive.
第二篇
Real-World Robots
When you think of a robot，do you imagine a shiny. metallic device having the same general shape as a human being，performing humanlike functions，and responding to your questions in a monotone（单调的）voice accentuated（强调）by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless. Box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today's robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence。that is，a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence. Such as reasoning，drawing conclusions，and learning from past experience.
A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two—legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does. however。move from place to place on wheels and axles（轮轴）that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that turn round and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings，a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot's base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to shake as it moves on an incline，a gyroscope（陀螺仪）inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object, the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions（障碍物）in its path. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer，which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot's actions. As science and technology advance，the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial intelligence programs.
36 The writer begins the passage by comparing
A the shape of a human being with a box.
B a real 1ife robot with a fictional robot.
C an imaginary machine with a human.
D a robot with a computer program.
37 The word "humanoid" in paragraph 1 means
A lacking human feelings.
B lacking human characteristics.
C lacking human intelligence.
D having a human form and characteristics.
38 According to the first paragraph，artificial intelligence is
A the unnatural way in which robots move.
B a voiceless. box-shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks。
C a sensor that detects troubles in a robot.
D a computer program that imitates human intellectual processes.
39 The last paragraph suggests that future robots will
A be more humanlike in behavior and action.
B surpass human beings in intelligence.
C use a laser to transmit information.
D will perform very complicated household jobs.
40 Another good title for this passage would be
A Robots：Taking the Place of Humans.
B Artificial Intelligence Programs.
C Today's Robots and How They Function.
D Modern-Day Sensors.
第三篇
Why Humans Walk on Two Legs
A team of scientists that studied chimpanzees（黑猩猩）trained to use treadmills（跑步机）has gathered new evidence suggesting that our earliest apelike ancestors started walking on two legs because it required less energy than getting around on all fours。
Michael Sockol, researcher of UC Davis, worked for two years to find an animal trainer willing to coax（劝诱）adult chimps to walk on two legs and to walk on all fours.
The five chimps also wore face masks used to help the researchers measure oxygen consumption. While the chimps worked out. the scientists collected data that allowed them to calculate which method of locomotion（移动）used less energy and why. The team gathered the same information for four adult humans walking on a treadmill.
The researchers found that human walking used about 75 percent less energy and burned 75 percent fewer calories than quadrupedal and bipedal walking in chimpanzees. They also found that for some but not all of the chimps, walking on two legs was no more costly than on all fours.
"We were prepared to find that all of the chimps used more energy walking on two legs-but that finding wouldn't have been as interesting." Sockol said. "What we found was much more telling. For three chimps，bipedalism was more expensive，but for the other two chimps, this wasn't the case, one spent about the same energy walking on two legs as On all fours. The other used less energy walking upright. These two chimps had different gaits（步法）and anatomy（解剖）than their quadrupedal peers.
Taken together，the findings provide support for the hypothesis that anatomical（解剖学的）differences affecting gait existed among our earliest apelike ancestors，and that these differences provided the genetic variation which natural selection could act on when changes in the environment gave bipeds an advantage over quadrupeds。
Fossil and molecular evidence suggests the earliest ancestors of the human family lived in forested areas in equatorial Africa in the late Miocene era（中世纪）some 8 to 10 million year ago. when changes in climate may have increased the distance between food patches. That would have forced our earliest ancestors to travel longer distances on the ground and favored those who could. cover more ground using less energy.
"This isn't the complete answer." Sockol said. "But it's a good piece of a puzzle humans have always wondered about：How and why did we become human? And why do we alone walk on two legs?"
41 Michael Sockol and his team were interested in
A where humans came from.
B how chimpanzees could be trained to use treadmills.
C why our apelike ancestors came to walk on two legs.
D when our earliest ancestors began to live In forested areas.
42 The phrase "worked out" in paragraph 3 could be replaced by
A exercised.
B calculated.
C understood.
D planned.
43 What did the researchers find in the experiment?
A Human walking used more energy than bipedal walking in chimps.
B One chimp used about the same energy in walking on two legs as on all fours.
C Two chimps used more energy walking on two legs.
D Three chimps used less energy walking on two legs.
44 The word "quadrupeds" in paragraph 6 is a technical word for
A creatures with two feet.
B creatures with four feet.
C creatures with six feet.
D creatures with eight feet.
45 What does fossil and molecular evidence tell US about our earliest ancestors?
A They experienced more climate changes than we do today.
B They were forced to travel between food patches.
C They were much taller than modern man.
D They could cover more ground with less energy.
第5部分：补全短文（第46 ～ 50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
What's Lacking in "Sicko"?
When it comes to economic decisions，there are always trade-offs（取舍）. Gain one thing and you lose something else. （46）
The central argument of Michael Moore's movie "Sicko" - that the cure to the nation's health care problems is a single-payer system - is hardly novel and is certainly worth consideration，whether or not you agree with it. But in comparing the American system with single, payer plans of other countries - Britain. France，Canada and Cuba - Mr. Moore left out the trade-Offs, characterizing those countries as health care paradises.
（47）
Kurt Loder，the film critic who is best known as the anchor（主持人）of "MTV News," wrote a critique（批评）of the film for MTV's website. " 'Sicko,'" he said，"does a real service" in portraying（描绘）victims of American insurance companies—like the people who died because their only treatment options were considered "experimental" and therefore not covered. （48）
When "governments attempt to regulate the balance between a limited supply of health care and an unlimited demand for it, they're inevitably forced to ration treatment," Mr. Loder asserted. （49）Mr. Loder cited the short film "Dead Meat." which presents anecdotes（轶事）of failure in the Canadian single-payer system. In its one-sidedness, "Dead Meat" might have made for a nice double feature with“Sicko.” and left moviegoers with a more complete understanding of the complications of deciding on a health care system.
（50）
This all makes an otherwise "emotionally compelling film not necessarily an intellectually satisfying one," wrote Darren Barefoot，a Canadian blogger（博客作者）.
A Mr. Moore also decided to ignore problems in other countries. 1ike France's high taxes and Britain's cash-short hospitals.
B But the film as a whole，he concluded，is "breathtakingly meretricious
（似是而非的）," in large part because of its characterizations of other countries' health care systems.
C The problems have been noticed—and criticism is coming not just from Mr. Moore's detractors（诋毁者）.
D He ticked off a number of negative statistics to counter the positive ones offered by Mr. Moore.
E Health care is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness.
F This is particularly true in health care，a market in which scarce（稀
罕的）goods are ridiculously expensive，but needed by everybody.
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题l分，共15分）
下面的短文有l5处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Debate over the Use of Renewable Energy
Ausubel of Rockefeller University in New York，US says the key renewable （可再生的）energy sources，including sun，wind and biofuels，would all require vast amounts of land if developed up to large scale production—unlike nuclear power. That land would be far better （51）alone，he says. Renewables look （52）when they are quite small. But if we start producing renewable energy on
a large （53），the fallout（结果）is going to be horrible.
Ausubel draws his conclusions by analyzing the amount of energy that renewables. natural gas and nuclei（原子核）can （54）in terms of power per square metre of land used. Moreover, he claims that （55）renewable energy use increases. This measure of efficiency will decrease as the best land
for wind. Biofuels, and solar power gets used up.
Solar power is much more （56）than biofuel in terms of the area of land used. but it would still （57）150 square kilometres of photovoltaic （光电的）cells to match the energy production of the l000 MW nuclear plant. In another example, he says （58）the 2005 US electricity demand via wind power alone would need 780，000 square kilometres. an area the （59）
of Texas.
However, several experts are highly critical of Ausubel's （60）. John Turner of the US government's National Renewable Energy Laboratory says that even
if the US got all of its （61）from solar energy，it would still need less than half the amount of land that has been paved over （62）highways. Further.
it need not （63）up additional land. The US could get a quarter of its energy just from covering rooftops of existing buildings, he says.
According to Turner, the same "dual use" also （64）to wind power。“The footprint for wind is only 5％ of the land that it （65）. Farmers
can still farm the land that the turbines are on. "Turner says looking solely at land use is an oversimplification of the issue.
51 A owned B left C held D bought
52 A fresh B costly C dirty D attractive
53 A scale B number C part D extent
54 A reduce B increase C produce D consume
55 A as B since C because D until
56 A effective B important C efficient D special
57 A show B require C collect D discover
58 A making B keeping C creating D meeting
59 A size B form C region D scope
60 A decisions B conclusions C solutions D modifications
61 A force B volume C power D control
62 A to B in C on D for
63 A take B give C set D turn
64 A adapts B applies C relates D appeals
65 A touches B faces C holds D covers
2008年全国职称英语等级考试试题
理工类（A级）参考答案
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. D l0. A
11. D l2. A l3. B 14. C l5. A
16. C l7. C l8. B l9. A 20. A
21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. E
26. C 27. D 28. A 29. E 30. C
31. C 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. A
36. B 37. D 38. D 39. A 40. C
41. C 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. D
46. F 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. A
51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. A
56. C 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. B
61. C 62. D 63. A 64. B 65. D
其中：
1—30每题l分；
31—45每题3分；
46—50每题2分；
51—65每题l分。
试卷满分：100分。
2016职称英语考试真题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1、Have you talked to her?lately? https://www.doczj.com/doc/5b4967004.html,stly B.finally C.shortly D.recently 2、 About?one quarter of?the workers in the country are employed in factories. A.third B.fourth C.tenth D.fifteenth 3、 The dentist has decided to?extract?her bad tooth. A.take out B.repair C.push in D.dig 4、 We shall keep the money in a?secure?place. A.clean
B.secret C.distant D.safe 5、 This table is strongand?durable. A.long-lasting B.extensive C.far reaching D.eternal 6、 He endured agonies before he finally?expired. A.fired B.resigned C.died D.retreated 7、 There are only five minutes left, but the?outcome?of the match is still in doubt. A.result B.judgement C.estimation D.event 8、 The great changes of the city?astonished?every visitor to that city A.attacked
2017年职称英语理工类A类词汇练习题及答案2017年职称英语理工类A类词汇练习题及答案 1It is (ridiculous) to dispute about such things. A foolish B shocking C frightening D amusing 2It was (obvious) that she was not going home. A evident B necessary C possible D probable 3He (replied) that this was absolutely impossible. A stated B answered C said D claimed 4He (Confesses) that he has done it. A agrees B alleges C admits D answers 5He lacked the strength to (deal with) all these problems A think of B talk about C copy down D cope with 6He (purchased) a ticket and went up on the top deck. A bought B took C showed D made 7Foreign money can be (converted) into the local currency at this bank. A written B changed C moved D reported 8He looks like a (crazy) man. A lazy B patient C mad D happy 9We cannot permit such (conduct). A movement B words C principle D behavior 10 She (started) to clean the kitchen. A stopped B began C continued D kept 11 John (talked over) the new job offer with his wife. A discussed B mentioned C accepted D rejected 12 I (rarely) wear a raincoat because I spend most of my time in a car. A normally B continuously C seldom D usually 13 We (explored) the possibility of closer trade links at the conference. A rejected B investigated C proposed D postponed 14 He often (finds fault with) my work. A criticizes B praises C evaluates D talks about
2016年职称英语考试理工类A级真题 第1部分:词汇选项(第1——15题,每题1分,共15分下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1.The revelation of his past led to his resignation. A.imagination B.confirmation C.recall D.disclosure 2.Jensen is a dangerous man,and can be very brutal. A.careless B.Cruel C.strong D.hard 3.You’ll have to sprint if you want to catch the train. A.jump B.escape C.run D.prepare 4.We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.
A.Changeable B.Stable C.suitable D.adaptable 5.The new garment fits her perfectly. A.haircut B.purse C.Clothes D.necklace 6.The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma. A.fear B.joy C.hurt D.memory 7.They have to build canals to irrigate the desert. A.decorate B.water C.change D.visit
2015年职称英语理工类C级考试真题及答案第一部分：词汇选项 1. The weather last summer was awful. A. bad B. fair C. dry D. hot 参考答案：A 2. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. guilt C. obligation D. punishment 参考答案：D 3. My piano playing has improved significantly since I had a new teacher. A. definitely B. generally C. certainly D. greatly 参考答案：D 4. There is a need for radical changes in education.
A. revolutionary B. long-term C. short-term D. systematic 参考答案：A 5. It frustrates me that I‘m not able to put any of my ideas into practice. A. discourages B. shows C. surprises D. frightens 参考答案：A 6. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A. limit B. fear C. power D. fool 参考答案：B 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. gather B. clear C. share D. spare
2020年职称英语理工A概括大意真题及答案 Geothermal(地热)Energy 1.Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth's center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth's surface. It often remains well below the earth's surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth's surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants. 2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today. 3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either "flash" steam plants or binary(双重的)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300° to 700°Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or
Section A Directions: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You are required to complete each statement by choosing the appropriate answer from the 4 choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . You should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 16. The classroom needs______. A) clean B) to clean C) to be cleaned D) being cleaned 17.There is a nice-looking car there. I wonder ______. A) whom it belongs to B) whom does it belong to C) it belongs to whom D) whom does it belong 18. Wordsworth was one of the greatest poets ______ lived in the 19th century. A) which B) who C) those D) that 19. the population is too large, we have to take measures to control the birth rate. A) Although B) Since C) If D) Until 20. It is requested that every student ______ a paper on sustainable development. A) writes B) wrote C) writing D) write 21 .He said, "I ______ a lot of new poems by the end of last year." A) h ad already learnt B) have already learnt C) would have already learnt D) already learnt 22. As Edison grew ______, he became more and more interested in science. A) elder B) the elder C) older D) the older 23. Only in this way ______ catch up with your brothers. A) do you can B) can you C) you can D) you do can 24.No one, except his two best friends, ______ where he is. A) know B) knows C) to know D) knowing 25. Mr. John has decided that he will ______ the branch company set up in the small town. A) take over B) hand in C) put in D) lead to Section B Directions: There are also 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. Write .the word or words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet. 26. We started the attack when the enemy (cross) ______ the river. 27.My suggestion is that we (send) ______ a few people to help the other groups. 28.I am sorry to learn that you have made no (improve)______on the design at all. 29. I prefer (live) ______ in the country rather than in a city. 30. We had difficulty (carry) ______ out the plan. 31. Not(know) ______ her address, we couldn't get in touch with her. 32.Do you know the (high) ______ of St. Paul's Cathedral. 33. The great number of traffic accidents (emphasis) ______ the need for careful driving. 34. Many modern cars are equipped with an (automatically) ______ temperature control system. 35 .That one is no good; this one is even (bad) ______. Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Direction: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfil. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed. T ask 1 Direction:After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A) , B) , C) or D) . You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a Single line through the center.
单词词义例句例句翻译 abrupt a.突然的; 粗鲁的,(态度)生硬的The old man has an abrupt manner. 哪个老头举止粗鲁。 absurd a.荒谬的,荒唐可笑的What an absurd question you asked. 你问的问题真荒唐。 adverse a.不利的,相反的，有害的，The student has an aderse reaction to the teacher's proposal. 这个学生对老师的建议提出了异 议。 affirm vt.断言,肯定; 批准,使生效The guilty man affirmed that he was innocent. 那个罪犯坚称自己无罪。 alien a.外国(人)的,异已的; 性质不同的; n.外国人,外来人,外侨He is afraid of meeting alien people. 他害怕见到外国人。 alleviate vt.减轻,缓解,缓和This medicine can alleviate the pain. 这种药能减轻疼痛。 allocate vt.分配,分派,派给,拔给In this game,every boy was allocated a small ball. 在这个游戏中，每个男孩子都分 到了一个小球。 ambiguous a.模棱两可的,有两种(或多种)解释的We only got an ambiguous reply. 我们仅仅只得到了一个模棱两可 的答复。 amend vt.修改,修订The government has amended the law lately. 最近，政府修订了这项法律。 amplify vt.扩大,加大; 引伸,详述You should amplify your viewpoint. 你需要进一步阐述你的观点。 aptitude n.天分,才能He has an aptitude for playing 他有弹钢琴的天分。
全国职称英语考试历年真题及答案 理工类-A级 2003-2010 目录 1.2003年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (2) 2.2004年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (16) 3.2005年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (35) 4.2006年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (54) 5.2007年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (68) 6.2008年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (76) 7.2009年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (89) 8.2010年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (102)
2003年职称英语等级考试理工类A级试题及答案第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1. The union representative put across her argument very effectively. A explained B invented C considered D accepted 2. He talks tough but has a tender heart. A heavy B strong C kind D wild 3. It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy. A making B taking C discussing D expecting 4. Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing. A waste B buy C use D sell 5. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters. A function B ability C power D volume 6. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs. A tensely B nearly C carefully D closely 7. Her faith upheld her in times of sadness. A supported B excited C inspired D directed
2020年职称英语理工类A级真题及答案（词汇选项）2020年职称英语理工类A级词汇选项考试真题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项（第1——15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The revelation of his past ledto his resignation. A.imagination B. confirmation C.recall D. disclosure 答案为D. revelation(揭露)– disclosure(揭露) 2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can bevery brutal. A.careless B. cruel C.strong D. hard 答案为B. brutal(残忍的) – cruel 3. You’ll have to sprint if youwant to catch the train. A.jump B.escape C. run D.prepare 答案为C. sprint (快速奔跑) – run(奔跑) 4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty. A. changeable B. stable C.suitable D.adaptable
答案为A. fluid(不稳定的) –changeable (易变的) 5. The new garment fits herperfectly. A.haircut B. purse C. clothes D.necklace 答案为C. garment(衣服) –clothes(衣服) 6. The phobia may have its root in achildhood trauma. A.fear B. joy C. hurt D.memory 答案为C. trauma(精神上的创伤) – hurt(感情上的伤心或痛苦) 7. They have to build canals to irrigatethe desert. A.decorate B. water C.change D. visit 答案为B. irrigate(灌溉) –water(给…浇水) 8. Her overall language proficiencyremains that of a toddler. A.disabled B. pupil C.teenager D. baby 答案为D. toddler(学步的儿童) – baby(婴儿) 9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold. A. warm B.severe C.hard D.dry
2014 年 12 月 B 级考试真题 Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 4 sections. Section A Directions: This section is to test your ability to give proper responses. There are 7 recorded questions in it. After each question, there is a pause. The questions will be spoken two times . When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Example: You will hear: A) I m not sure. B) You 're right. C) Yes, certainly. D) That 's interesting. From the question we learn that the speaker is asking the listener to leave a message. Therefore, C) Yes, certainly . is the correct answer. You should mark C) on the Answer Sheet. ［A ］［B ］［C ］［D ］ Now the test will begin. Section B Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 7 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Now listen to the dialogues. Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) You will read: 1. A) How are you? C) Mind your step. 2. A) A good job. C) I know. 3. A) I 'm John Brown. C) She 'snot here. 4. A) Good idea. C) It 's over there. 5. A) Yes, of course. C) See you again. 6. A) Don 't mention it. C) Okay. 7. A) Never mind. C) Not too bad. B) Yes, I 'm looking for a gift. D) No hurry at all. B) Just call me. D) 20 dollars. B) At two o 'clock. D) Don 't worry. B) No, thanks. D) That 's all right. B) By train. D) It doesn 't matter. B) Let 's go. D) This way, please. B) Take care. D) Here you are.
2011年真题： 第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1.His shoes were shined to perfection. A. cleared B. polished C. washed D. Mended 2.She can be relied on in A. looked after C. turned on B.believedin D.depended on 3.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer. A. admitted B. reported C. hoped D. answered 4.The test produced disappointing results. A. unsatisfactory B. indirect C. similar D. positive 5.My doctor said I should vary my diet more A, change B. prepare C. cook D. choose 6.Greene spent a brief time at Cambridge. A. hard C. short B. good D. long 7. The book took ten years of thorough research A. basic B. careful. C, social D. major 8. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives. A. effor B. problem C. influence D. Concern 9.Eventually, she got a job and moved to London A. Certainly B. Luckily C. Naturally D. Finally 10.The love of money is the root of'all evil A. result B. end C. cause D. Force 11.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference A. offered B. investigated
++2010年全国职称英语综合类（A级）考试真题及答案 第一部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners. A. bad B. polite C. similar D. usual 2. Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment. A. love B. surprise C. doubt D. anger 3. Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day. A. energentic B. physical C. regular D. free 4. Our aggrangements were thrown into complete turmoil. A. failure B. confusion C. doubt D. relief 5. Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people. A. evidence B. danger C. case D. picture 6. I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues. A. long B. original C. humorous D. boring 7. He demolished my arguments in minutes. A. disproved B. disputed C. accepted D. supported 8. The two banks have announced plans to merge next year. A. combine B. sell C. close D. break 9. Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone. A. immediate B. great C. equal D. moderate 10. I want to provide my boys with a decent education. A. private B. general C. good D. special 11. Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth. A. attract B. encourage C. require D. spend 12. He was kept in appalling conditions in prison. A. critical B. temble C. necessary D. normal 13. I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer, it's driving me mad. A. measure B. generate C. tolerate D. reduce 14. The project required ten years of diligent research. A. hardworking B. scientific C. basic D. social 15. He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school. A. unclear B. bright C. bad D. general 第二部分：阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 The Writing's on the Wall? Is it art or is it just vandalism (野蛮行为)? Well, it's still a crime, but graffiti (涂鸦) has changed since the days of spraying your name on a wall to mark your territory. Street art has become much more sophisticated since a 17-year-old called Demetrius started spraying his "tag" , TAKI 183, all over the New York underground in 1971, and hip - hop culture was born. Hip-hop is a mixture of art, music and dancing, poetry, language and fashion. It came from young inner-city people who fell left out by their richer classmates and who were desperate to express themselves in any way they could. An experiment to control the spread of graffiti in Rochdale, Creater Manchester, has been sosuccessful that plans have been made by local street artists for an international convention in June. "We're planning to get people together from different countries like France and Cermany for a week, " says Liam, one of the organizers. The scheme started in 2000, and has attracted people of all age groups and both sexes. " We all share a commen interest and get on really well with each other. " The first site to be chosen was a subway. " Before we began, people were afraid to use the subway. We had it cleaned up and now, with all the artists hanging out down there, people are using it again. People can relate to graffiti much more now. " By providing places to display their talents legally, there has been a fall in the amount of "tagging" on people's private property. Street artists Temper developed his drawing skills at a young age. In art classes at school he was really frustrated because the Art teacher didn't spend time with him. They thought he was already very good at art and so spend more time with other students. So, at 12 years old, Temper started painting with all these guys he'd hooked up with who were about 22 years old. He looked