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语音和动词归纳资料

认识语音

一、 中考考点 1. 基本读音:

(1)26个字母的读音

(2)元音字母在单词中的基本读音

(3)常见元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 (4)常见辅音字母组合在重读音节中的读音

(5)辅音连缀的读音:bl ack cl asss fl ag gl ass sl eep sp ring sc reen qu iet (6)成音节的读音 2、重音:(1)单词重音 (2)句子重读

3、意群的读音: (1)连读和失去爆破 (2)弱读与同化

4、语调与节奏: (1)语调(声调和降调) (2) 节奏

音标分类表

元音

半元音:/w/ /j/

辅音

舌边音(浊):/l/

26个字母及读音:

A a [ei]

B b [bi:]

C c [si:]

D d [di:]

E e [i:]

F f [ef]

G g [d3i:]

H h [eit∫]

I i [ai] J j [d3ei] K k [kei] L l [el]

M m [em] N n [en] O o [?u] P p [pi:]

Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:]

U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′d∧blju:]

X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:] [zed]

元音字母在重读音节中的读音:

开音节闭音节

a [ei ] lake I [?] have bag

e [e i] she be [e] get bed

i [ai] hi kite [i] big bit

o [?u] home ago [?] hot box

u [ju:] use [∧] but bus

关于开音节和闭音节

以“一个元音字母”结尾:a ,she, I , go

开音节:

以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(r, w除外)+不发音的字母e”结尾:

home, bike, cake, name, use, age

闭音节:以“一个元音字母+一个(或一个以上)辅音字母(r, w除外)”结尾:

at, bed, hot, but, cost

单词重音的一般规律

“有轻有重”是英语单词的特点。英语的词重音如同汉语的四声,是单词不可分割的一部分,是学好语调的基础,而且一些词的重音还有区分词性、词义的作用。因此我们记单词时要记住其重音位置。

重音:单音节词单独读时都重读,而不必标重音符号;两个或两个以上的音节才有重音。两个音节,重音符号标注在第二个音节上。

多音节词重读规则:多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读.

ex-cuse se-cret el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion

关于连读

连读的条件:相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关,同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可读得太重,也不可音。(连读符号:~)

在同一个意群里,如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。

I’m~an~English boy.

It~is~an~old book.

Let me have~a look~at~it.

Ms Black worked~in~an~office last~year.

I called~you half~an~hour~ago.

Please pick~it~up.

关于“失去爆破”

“爆破音+爆破音”型:

失去爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情况下,只须做

发音的准备,但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。

6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时,前一个爆破音会失去爆

即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势,稍做停顿后即

后面的爆破音。

Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?

This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.

The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.

元音字母组合及其发音

元音字母互相结合或元音字母与辅音字母结合,就是元音字

母组合.

ar 在重读音节,读:[a:] 如:farm,hard,star,car

在非重读音节, 读:[?] 如:'sugar,'grammar,singular,ar在w之后,读:[?:] 如:war,warm,'warship,

are读:[ε?] 如:stare,care,square,

ai读:[ei] 如:train,tail,wait,main

air 读:[ε?] 如:hair,pair,chair,re'pair

al 在大多数情况下读:[?:]如:all,walk,talk,wall,fall 在少数情况下读:[?:]如:also,al'ready,alto'gether

在f,m之前读:[a:] 如:half,calm,palm

au读:[?:]如:'autumn,'august,cause

augh读:[?:]如:daughter,'caught,taught

aw 读:[?:]如:draw,law,saw

ay在重读音节读:[ei] 如:day,play,stay,to'day,在轻读音节读:如:'holiday,'tuesday,'yesterday,e在绝对开音节读:[i:] 如:me,she,he,we,在相对开音节读:[i:] 如:these,theme,

在闭音节读:[e] 如:pen,yes,well,desk,best,er在重读音节读:[з:]如:term,werb,’person,serve,在轻读音节读:[?] 如:’teacher,’exercise,writer,

ea 在大多数情况下读[i:]如:clean,peace,read,please,

有些例外的情况下还可以读[ei] 如:great,break,

ee 读:[i:] 如:meet,three,green,need,

ere规则的情况下读:[i?]如:here,mere

有时也读:[ε?]如:there,where,

ear大多数情况下读[i?] 如:near,hear,clear,

有时也读:[ε?]如:bear,wear,pear,

后面是辅音时读:[?:]如:’early,earth,search,

eer 读:[i?]如:deer,beer,pio’neer,

ei 读:[i:]如:re’ceive,’ceiling,

eigh读:[ei] 如:eight,neighbour,

ew 读:[ju:]如:new,few,dew

在l,j,r之后读[u:]如:blew,jew,threw

ey 读:[ei] 如:they,grey,

i 在绝对开音节读:[ai] 如:’china

在相对开音节读:[ai] 如:like,nice,time,fine,

在闭音节读:如:sit,big,his,wish,think,

ir读:[?:]如:girl,first,’thirty,bird,

ire读:[ai ?]如’fire,tired,

ie读:[i:] 如:field,piece,a’chieve,

在词尾则读:[ai] 如:die,tie,lie,

ig 读:[ai] 如:sign,de’sign,

igh 读:[ai] 如:light,right,bright,

ild读:[aind]如:kind,find,be’hind,

O 在绝对开音节读:[?u] 如:no,so

在相对开音节读:[?u] 如:home,note,wrote,

在闭音节读:[?] 如:hot,not,stop,lost,

在m,n,v,th,之前读:[∧] 如:son,month,some,front,love,词尾是st,ld时读:[?u] 如:most,post,cold,hold,

在轻读音节中读:[?] 如:’doctor,con’ductor,

在w之后则读:[?:] 如:work,word,world,worse,

ore读:[?:] 如:more,store,wore,be’fore,

oa 读:[?u]如:boat,coat,soap,ploat,

oar 读:[?:]如:board,blackboard,

oi 读:[? i]如:oil,join,voice,point,

oo通常情况下读:[u:] 如:school,moon,tooth,food,tool,

在k之前读:[u] 如:book,cook,look,took,hook,

有时在t,d之前读:[u] 如:foot,good,stood,

例外的情况下也读:[∧]如:blood,flood,

oor 读:[?:] 如:door,floor,

ou通常情况下读:[au] 如:out,house,round,mouth

有时也读:[∧] 如:young,country,touch,trouble,

少数情况下可以读作:[u:]如:group,youth,you,soup,

our 一般情况下读:[au ?]如:’our,’hour,flour,

有时也读:[?:] 如:four,pour,course,court,

ough 读:[?:] 如:bought,ought,fought,thought,

ous在词尾时读:[? s] 如:’famous,dangerous,cou’tinuous,

ow通常情况下读:[au] 如:down,how,now,town,cow,’flower,有时读:[?u] 如:slow,show,snow,window,low,

oy 读:[)i] 如:boy,joy,toy,

u 在绝对开音节读:[ju:]如:’duty,’unit,’universe,

在相对开音节读:[ju:]如:use,mute,huge,tune

在j,l,r之后读:[u:]如:true,rule,june,blue,

在闭音节中读:[∧] 如:sun,much,but,’summer,

闭音节中,在ll之前,在f,b,p,之后读:如:full,pull,bull,

闭音节在sh之前,在f,b,p,之后读:如:push,bush,

ur 在重读音节中读:[?:]如:fur,burn,turn,nurse,

ure读:[ju ?] 如:cure,pure,

y 在绝对开音节中读:[ai] 如:my,by,sky,fly,’typist,在相对开音节中读:[ai] 如:type,dye,

在闭音节中读:如:’system,’gypsy,‘pyramid,在轻读音节中读:如:city,’tiny,’thirty,‘country,

辅音字母及其字母组合的发音

规则如下:

一、ch/tch [t∫]如:

child [t∫aild] (孩子)

watch [w)t∫] (手表)

例外:ch [k] 如:

school [sku:l] (学校)

echo ['ek ?u] (回声)

christmas ['krism ?s] (圣诞节)

character ['k?r?kt?](特牲)

二、ck [k] 如:

black [bl ? k] (黑色)

ticket ['tikit] (票)

三、cc [k] (在元音字母o,u之前)如:

according [?'k ?:diη] (根据)

cc [ks] (在元音字母e,之前)如:

success [s ?k'ses] (成功)

accept [?k'sept] (接受)

四、dge [d3] 如:

bridge [br?d?] (桥)

judge [d3∧d3] (判断)

五、gh [f] 如:

cough [k?f] (咳嗽)

gh 有时不发音,如:

light [lait] (轻)

though [e??] (虽然)

thought [θ??t] (想)

六、gu/gue [g] 如:

guest [gest] (宾客)

guess [ges] (猜)

league [li:g] (联盟)

dialogue ['da??l?g] (对话)

例外:gu [gw] 如:language ['l?ηgwid3] (语言)

七、kn [n] 如:

knife [naif] (小刀)

knock [n?k] (敲)

八、mn 如:

autumn ['):t ?m] (秋天)

solemn ['s)l ?m] (庄严)

九、ng [η] 以-ng结尾的动词或名词,如:

sing [siη] (唱歌)

ring [riη] (戒指)

thing [θiη] (东西)

十、ng [ηg] -ng-位于单词的中间位置,或以-ng结尾的形容词或副词,在变成比较级和最高级时,念[ηg],如:

english [iηgli∫] (英语)

finger [fiηg?](手指)

anger ['?ηg]?(愤怒)

hunger ['h∧ηg]?(饥饿)

longer ['l)ηg?] (较长的)

youngest ['j∧ηgist] (最年轻的)

十一、ph [f] 如:

十二、ps [s] 如:

psychology [sai'k?l?d?i](心理学)

十三、qu [kw] 如:

question ['kwest∫?n] (问题)

quick [kw?k] (快的)

十四、sc [s] (在元音字母e,i之前)如:

scene [si:n] (场景)

science ['sai?ns] (科学)

sc [k] (在元音字母a,o,u之前)

scarf [ska:f] (围巾)、

scorn [sk):n] (轻视)

sculpture ['sk∧lpt∫ε] (雕塑)

例外,sc [∫] 如:conscious [' k)n∫εs] (自觉的)十五、sh [∫] 如:

fish [fi∫] (鱼)

ship [∫ip] (轮船)

十六、ss [s]

glass [gla:s] (玻璃)

lesson ['lesn] (课)

十七、stle [sl]

castle ['ka:sl] (城堡)

whistle [' wisl] (口哨)

十八、sten [sn]

listen ['lisn] (听)

fasten ['fa:sn] (捆紧)

十九、th [θ] 如:

thing [θiη] (东西)

thick [θik] (厚)

th [e] (一般在冠词,代词,介词和连词中)如:

this [e?s] (这)

they [[ee?] (他们)

than [e?n] (比)

without [wi'eaut] (没有)

-the [e] (在词尾)如:

breathe ['bri:e](呼吸)

bathe [be?e] (沐浴)

二十、wh [w] 如:

what [w ? t] (什么)

wh [h] (在元音字母o之前)如:

whose [hu:z] (谁的)

whole [h ? ul] (全部)

二十一、wr 如:

write [rait] (写)

wrist [rist] (手腕)

要求: 你们组的每个成员都要阅读学案的所有内容

I.个人任务:在空白处写下你对语音知识的理解,至少写出3条

1.

2.

3.

II.小组任务:每个人将自己写出的“理解”在组内交流。看看你同意哪些说法,不同意哪些说法。当然,你们可能有相似的感想,但是,不要抄袭他人的想法,用你自己的大脑写下你自己的笔记。

笔记(想法):

III.小组任务:在小组内部总结这个学案,并将结果写在下面空白处。

VI.根据你们总结的情况,从小组中选出一位成员给同学们做展示。

V.个人任务:对每位小组成员为工作所作出的贡献打分,最高分为10分。

1号得分:2好得分:3号:4号:

VI.因为完成了难度如此大的任务,拍拍对方的肩膀,互相

鼓励一下。

变“态”的动词

中考对于动词时态的考查:

1.一般现在时

2.一般过去时

3.一般将来时

4.现在进行时

5.过去进行时

6.现在完成时

英语中简单句的五种基本句型

1.S+ V(主语+谓语)

2.S+V+O (主语+谓语+宾语)

3.S+V+O+C (主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)

4.S+V+ IO+DO(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)

5.S+V+P(主语+系动词+表语)

肯定句否定句

主语为单三(she/he/) :She works. She doesn’t work.

一般现在时

主语为其它人称: I work. They work. I don’t work. They don’t work.

主语为单三:She worked. She don’t work.

一般过去时

主语为其它人称:I worked. They worked. I don’t work. They don’t work.

主语为单三:She will work.. She is going to work. She wo n’t work. She isn’t gong

to work.

一般将来时

主语为其它人称:They will work. They are going to work. They won’t work.

S+V ( 主语+不及物动词)

主语为单三:She is working. She isn’t working.

现在进行时

主语为其它人称:They are working. I am working. They aren’t working.

主语为单三:She was working. She wasn’t working.

过去进行时

主语为其它人称:I was working. They were working. I wasn’t working.

主语为单三:She has worked. She hasn’t worked.

现在完成时

主语为其它人称:I have worked. They have worked. I haven’t worked.

肯定句否定句

主语为单三(she/he/) :

一般现在时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

一般过去时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

一般将来时

主语为其它人称:

S+V+O

主语为单三:

现在进行时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

过去进行时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

现在完成时

主语为其它人称:

肯定句否定句

主语为单三(she/he/) :

一般现在时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

一般过去时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

一般将来时

主语为其它人称:

S+V+O+C

主语为单三:

现在进行时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

过去进行时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

肯定句否定句

主语为单三(she/he/) :

一般现在时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

一般过去时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

一般将来时

主语为其它人称:

S+V+O

主语为单三:

现在进行时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

过去进行时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

现在完成时

主语为其它人称:

肯定句否定句

主语为单三(she/he/) :

一般现在时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

一般过去时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

一般将来时

主语为其它人称:

S+V+IO+DO

主语为单三:

现在进行时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

过去进行时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

肯定句否定句

主语为单三(she/he/) :

一般现在时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

一般过去时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

一般将来时

主语为其它人称:

S+V+P

主语为单三:

现在进行时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

过去进行时

主语为其它人称:

主语为单三:

现在完成时

主语为其它人称:

初中英语语法知识—动词的知识点复习

一、选择题 1.I have bought a Chinese – English dictionary. When and where_____ you _____ it? A.have, bought B.did buy C.will, buy D.do , buy 2.In the past he often made his sister____, but now he is often made ___by his sister. A.to cry; to cry B.cry; cry C.to cry; cry D.cry; to cry 3.Colours can change our moods and make us happy or sad . A.feel B.to feel C.felt D.feeling 4.Here _______a nice photo of my family. A.am B.be C.is D.are 5.Our school basketball team ________ in the final of the basketball competition. Another team from No.5 Middle School ________ doing very well too. A.is; isn’t B.are; aren’t C.is; are D.are; is 6.My parents don’t_______me eat_______junk food. A.like; too many B.want; too much C.ask; too many D.let; too much 7.I think the music is great , and it is worth________ A.to listen B.to listen to C.listening D.listening to 8.I tried to make the baby ________by singing, and that worked well at last. A.stop crying B.to stop crying C.stop to cry D.to stop to cry 9.Which of the following sentences is right? A.My books on the desk B.Nice meet you, too C.These are my dictionaries D.Thanks you for your help. 10.There________some water in the bottle. A.is B.am C.are D.be 11.Amy and her best friend often________books together. A.read B.reads C.look D.looks 12.Many students are so crazy about mobile games that they lose interest in their schoolwork, which _________ their parents and teachers a lot. A.worries about B.is worried about C.worries D.is worried 13.Speak louder, ________ you can’t make yourself________. A.and; hear B.or; hear C.and; heard D.or; heard 14.Tom and I ________ good friends. He is twelve(12岁). A.are B.am C.is D.be 15.Alice, it's time for school. Let me _______, or I will be late for class. A.go B.come C.to go D.to come 16.The Great Wall (长城) ________ long and it ________ a long history (历史).

常见动词短语最全总结(1)

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