初中英语阅读理解-议论文篇（1）
（1）
Do you want to live a happier, less stressful (有压力的) life? Try laughing for no reason at all. That’s how thousands of people start their day at Laughter Clubs around the world — and many doctors now think that having a good laugh might be one of the best ways to stay healthy.
The first Laughter Club was started in Mumbai, India, in 1995 by Dr. Madan Kataria. “Young children laugh about 300 times a day. Adults laugh between 7 and 15 times a day,” says Dr. Kataria. “Everyone’s natural ly good at laughing —it’s the universal language. We want people to feel happy with their lives.” There are now more than 500 Laughter Clubs in India and over 1,300 worldwide.
Many doctors are also interested in the effects (效果) of laughter on our health. According to a 5-year study at the UCLA School of Medicine in California, with laughing there is less stress in the body. Laughter improves our health against illness by about 40%.
So, what happens at a Laughter Club? I went along to my nearest club in South London to find out. I was quite nervous at the beginning of the class, to be honest —I wasn’t interested in laughing with a group of strangers, and I was worried about looking stupid. Our laughter teacher told us to c lap our hands and say “ho ho ho, ha ha ha,” while looking at each other. However, our bodies can’t tell the difference between fake laughter and real laughter, so they still produce the same healthy effects.
Surprisingly, it works! After ten minutes everybody in the room was laughing for real — and some people just couldn’t stop! At the end of the class I was surprised by how relaxed and comfortable I felt. So if you’re under stress, then start laughing. You might be very pleased with the results!
48. In which country was the first Laughter Club started?
A. Britain.
B. America.
C. Australia.
D. India.
49. How did the writer feel at the beginning of the class?
A. Surprised.
B. Pleased.
C. Nervous.
D. Stressful.
50. When did the people in the club begin to laugh for real?
A. After a few minutes.
B. After a few hours.
C. After a few seconds.
D. After a few days.
51. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Fake laughter and real laughter are both good for health.
B. 40% of the people in Laughter Clubs are good friends.
C. Adults laugh more often than children in a day.
D. Laughing is the best way to prevent illness.
（2）
Nowadays，a new method is used to decide who are the top students in school．The best students are those who not only get high marks，but also follow the rules and the behavior standards(标准) for middle school students．Here are some of the new rules and standards．
Tell the truth．Have you ever copied someone else’s work on an exam? If you have，then don’t do it again! That’s not something an honest student should do．If you have played computer games for two hours in your room. don’t tell your parents you were doing homework．
Learn to be loving and caring．Good students love animals and care for other people．
Learn to work together with others．It would be mole fun when more people work together．Did you quarrel with your teammates when your basketball team lost? Only working together can make your team stronger．Be friendly to the people you are with．Try to think of others，instead of only yourself．
Be open to new ideas．Have you ever thought that people could lire on the moon? Perhaps you’ll discover Earth Ⅱ someday．Don’t look down on new ideas．Everyone’s ideas are important．You should welcome them，because new ideas make lire better for everyone．
Use the Internet carefully．The Internet can be very useful for your studies．Some websites(网站) on the I nternet aren’t for kids，so make sure to visit the web pages that are good for you．You can use the web for fun or homework．Can’t you find any good websites for children?
61．The new rules tell kids ________．
A．how they can study well B．what they should do at school
C．how they can get high marks D．what is right and what is wrong
62．The main idea of the fourth paragraph is about ________．
A．making the team stronger B．being a good friend to others
C．working together with others D．quarrelling with others
63．If someone says that human beings will discover Earth Ⅱ someday，what should you do?
A．Laugh at it．B．Welcome it．
C．Leave it alone．D．Refuse it．
64．Good websites for children can ________．
A．help them with their studies B．do homework for them
C．make life easier D．be a waste of time
65．The passage mainly tells us how to ________．
A．do more at school B．care for others
C．use the Internet D．be top students
（3）
Just a Quick Nap 只要打个盹儿
Do you fe el a little sleepy after lunch? Well, that’s normal. Your body naturally slows down then. What should you do about it? Don’t reach for a coffee! Instead, take a nap.
It’s good to have a daily nap. First of all , you are more efficient（有效的）after napping . You remember things better and make fewer mistakes. Also, you can learn things more easily after taking a nap. A nap may increase your self-confidence（自信）and make you more active . It may even cheer you up. But, there are some simple rules you should follow about taking a nap. First, take a nap in the middle of day, about eight hours after you wake up. Next, a 20-minute nap is best. If you sleep longer, you may fall into a deep sleep. After waking from a deep sleep, you will feel worse. Also, you should set an alarm clock. That way, you can fully relax during your nap. You won’t have to keep looking at the clock so you don’t oversleep.
Now，the next time you feel sleepy after lunch , don’t get stressed . Put your head down, close your eyes, and catch forty winks.
56. It is to get sleepy for you at noon.
A. normal
B. strange
C. amazing
57. After taking a nap, you may feel more .
A. stressed
B. confident
C. sleepy
58. The proper period（一段时间）of time for taking a nap is .
A. as long as you like
B. eight hours
C. about twenty minutes
59. What can help you have a fully relaxing nap according to the passage?
A. A cup of coffee.
B. A quick meal.
C. An alarm clock.
60. What is the text mainly about?
A. Why and how to take a nap.
B. Rules to increase your self –confidence.
C. How to make your body slow down.
（4）
There are many advantages of becoming a professional musician. The biggest advantage is being able to do something you love. You will have the chance to travel to many different places and meet a lot of different people. That will open up your eyes.
However, there are also disadvantages of being a professional musician. One of the biggest disadvantages for most musicians is that they don't always have enough money. Most of the time, you will be looking for jobs. Sometimes you won't be able to find a good job. Another disadvantage is the place you live in. If you want to be a musician, you usually have to move to an area that has a lot of jobs, such as New York City. The cost of living in these areas is usually very high. The third disadvantage is that you can't have a stable family life. Different jobs will take a musician to different places, so most musicians are unable to have a regular family.
61. The advantages of being a professional musician include all the following EXCEPT ________.
A. making a lot of money all the time
B. traveling to many different places
C. meeting a lot of different people
62. Which is NOT a disadvantage of being a professional musician?
A. Not always having enough money.
B. Being unable to have a stable family life.
C. Having the chance to meet many different people.
63. What does the underlined word "stable" mean in Chinese?
A. 幸福的
B. 稳定的
C. 健康的
64. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The biggest advantage of being a musician is being able to live in big cities.
B. Most musicians are unable to have a regular family life because they enjoy traveling.
C. It's difficult for some musicians to find a good job sometimes.
65. The author mainly tells us in the passage.
A. becoming a professional musician can also have problems
B. why people want to become professional musicians
C. not to become professional musicians
（5）
Every year several thousand people are killed and between one and two hundred thousand people are inured on the roads in Great Britain．These people are killed or injured in road accidents．
There are rules to make the roads safe，but people do not always obey the rules．They are careless．If everybody obeys the rules，the roads will be much safer．How can we make the roads safer?
Remember this rule．In Great Britain traffic keeps to the left．Cars and buses and bikes must all keep to the left side of the road．In most other countries traffic keeps to the right．
Before crossing the road，stop and look both ways．Look right，look left，look right again．Then，if you are sure that the road is clear，it is safe to cross the road．If there are small children，or very old people，or blind people，waiting to cross the road，it is a kind act to help them cross the road in safety．
We must teach young children to cross the road safely．We must always give them a good example．Small children must not play in the street．
56．In Britain，traffic keeps to the right side of the road，like most other countries．
57．The underlined sentence “the road is clear” means that “there is no car or bus running on the road and it is safe to cross the road”．
58．We make the roads safer by obeying the traffic rules．
参考答案
（1）48-51. DCAA
（2）61-65．BCBAD
（3）56-60 ABCCA
（4）61-65 ACBCA
（5）56．F 57．T 58．T
1．语言与结构特点：议论文一般观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理，有严密的逻辑性，通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题(引论)—分析问题(本论)—解决问题(结论)”。因此，要理解议论文有两个关键点，一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构。 2．答题误区：议论文阅读理解题易错点往往在于事实与观点的区分以及观点本身。解题时，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事实，哪些是作者的观点以及引述中不同人物的观点；二要弄清作者真正的观点是什么，既要考虑全文，又要重视结论部分，谨防将文章中引述的某人的观点和作者的观点混为一谈。 3．阅读策略：在阅读解题时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读全文，再区分事实和观点。通常来说，议论文会采用三段论式结构。首段会通过一个故事或对某种现象的描述来引入话题，明确论点；接下来是文章的主体部分，会用两个或两个以上的段落引用事实和理论论据进行论证，常用的论证方法有举例、引用和对比等，这一部分要注意作者所选用的论据，它们往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应，同时还要留意论证的方法；文章的最后一段是结论部分，要弄清作者最后得出了什么结论。在通读全文并了解文章的结构和内容后再阅读试题，到文章中去找相对应的信息，比如事实、观点、作者真正的意图和结论等。 文体分类练(四)——议论文 (限时30分钟) A (2019·山西太原五中阶段检测)Visitors to Hennna, a restaurant outside Nagasaki, Japan, are greeted by an unusual sight: Their food being prepared by a row of humanoid robots. The name of the “head chef”is Andrew. Using his two long arms, he stirs batter (面糊) in a metal bowl, then pours it onto a hot grill. In a nearby hotel, robots check guests into their rooms and help with their luggage. CEO Hideo Sawada, who runs the restaurant and the hotel, predicted that 70% of the jobs at Japan's hotels would be automated (自动化) in the next five years. He said, “Since you
一、中考英语阅读理解汇编 1．根据短文内容，判断正误。 Dear Alan, Guess what? I have a chance to choose my new place to live in. I am excited and a little nervous. Could you please give me some help? I am not sure whether I will live in a house or in an apartment. On the one hand, a house will be too big for just one person, so maybe I should rent an apartment, On the other hand, if I rent a house, I could find someone else to share with me. The only problem is that a house full of people might be too noisy for me. I prefer to have my own space. The city has some nice apartments, but they are also too expensive. However, if I could find a two-bedroom apartment and get a roommate, that would make it more affordable. I just need to search for a roommate who is neat and quiet. You know I can not live with someone who is loud and messy. I do not have a car, so I also need to think carefully about the location. I probably need to look for somewhere near a bus stop or an underground station. That way I will have more time to study and spend less time travelling. I'm looking forward to your reply. Love, Victor （1）Victor feels excited because he can decide where to live. （2）Victor wants to share the house with a（an）neat and quiet person. （3）If Victor finds a roommate, he will waste money. （4）Victor doesn't have a car, so he wants a two-bed-room apartment （5）Victor also needs to think carefully about the location. 【答案】（1）1 （2）1 （3）0 （4）0 （5）1 【解析】【分析】主要讲了Victor写信向Alan询问怎样选择新居住地。 （1）细节题。根据I have a chance to choose my new place to live in. I am excited and a little nervous.可知Victor是兴奋的，因为他有机会选择新住址，故选正确。 （2）细节题。根据I just need to search for a roommate who is neat and quiet.可知Victor希望舍友是干净和文静的，故选正确。 （3）细节题。根据However, if I could find a two-bedroom apartment and get a roommate, that would make it more affordable. 可知Victor找到舍友后会平分房租，所以不是浪费钱，故选错误。 （4）细节题。根据I do not have a car, so I also need to think carefully about the location.可知Victor没有车，所以也需要仔细考虑位置，而不是想要一个两间卧室的公寓，故选错误。（5）细节题。根据I do not have a car, so I also need to think carefully about the location.可知
（1）A Clever Bird A man has a bird. It is very clever. Every day the man speaks to the bird.“Hello!”he says. “Hello!”the bird answers.“What are you doing?”says the man.“What are you doing?”says the bird. The man is not at home one day. A thief comes in. He is taking many things.“Hello!”The thief hears the bird's words.“What are you doing?”The thief is very afraid，so he does not take any things and runs out of the house. 1. The man teaches the bird ________. A. how to say something B. how to sing songs C. how to eat something D. how to dance 2. The bird is ________. A. Very nice B. very clever C. very beautiful D. very silly(傻的) 3. The man speaks to the bird ________. A. Sometimes B. once a week C. every week D. every day 4. The thief is taking ________ things from the house. A. a few B. a little C. a lot of D. some 5. The thief ________ out of the room. A. walks B. comes C. runs D. goes
（一）初中英语阅读理解 Little Tom down the street calls our dog "The keep dog".Zip is a sheep dog. But when Tom tries to say" Seep", it comes out "keep". And in a way Tom is right. Zip is always bringing things home for us to keep! I'll tell you about some of them. Zip's first present was a shoe. It was made of green silk. We didn't know how Zip found the shoe. But after a moment Mary, my big sister, told me the shoe had a strange smell. I nodded(点头)and held my nose. "What do you think it is?" "It smells like something for cleaning. I think someone tried to clean a spot (污点) off the shoe. Then he put it at the door to dry." "Along came Zip. And good-bye shoe!" I said."We should take it back." "We can't ".said my sister. "Maybe little Tom is right," Mary said. "Maybe Zip is a keep dog!" 1.The writer and Mary didn't know______. A.what Zip's first present was B.how Zip carried its first present home C.who owned Zip's first present D.what Zip's first present was made of 2.Tom calls Zip "the keep dog"because ______. A.the dog likes keeping things B.the dog likes playing with shoes C.he doesn't know the dog's name D.he can't pronounce the word "sheep"well 3.What made the shoe strange was ______. A.its colour B.its smell C.its size D.that it was a silk one 4.The word "keep"in the last sentence means "_____" A.keeping things for itself B.bringing things for other to keep C.not letting it run about D.taking care of a small child 5.We can know from the reading that the dog _____. A. likes to give presents to people B.has been kept in at the writer's home C.has brought some trouble D.likes to be called "the keep dog" Key: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C
（字数：266，生词量：3，难易度：B） If we want to deal with the association(社交) between boys and girls properly, here are some “dos and don’ts” for you to follow. Keep a normal and healthy state of mind. Our schools and classes are made up of boys and girls. It is very nature for the boys and girls to make friends with each other. We should make as many friends as possible. We should keep touch with the other sex(性别) in public instead of in secret. Don’t be too nervous or too shy. If you are a shy person, you ca n also find a way out. First of all, you can make friends with the students who have the same interest and hobby as you. As both of you have much in common, you may have much to talk about. If you keep doing like that, little by little, you will gladly find you are also as free to express yourself as others. Don’t fall into the ditch of early love. The boys and girls at a adolescence (青春期) are rich in feeling. They are easy to regard the friendship as a sign of love and fall in love with each other at an early age. In my opinion, early love is a green apple that can’t be eaten. An apple won’t taste sweet until it is full ripe. Boys and girls at middle school are too young to carry the heavy duty of love. Do keep out of early love. ( )71. The main idea of the passage is to _______. A. tell students to keep away from early love B. give some advice on how to associate between boys and girls C. tell students how to make friends D. teach boys how to talk with girls ( )72. We should keep touch with the other sex in following ways EXCEPT _______. A. with a good state of mind B. in real friendship C. in public D. in secret ( )73. If you are a shy person, you can ________. A. find friends with the same interest and hobby first B. only have a few friends of the same sex C. not make friends with the other sex D. not fall in love with other students easily ( )74. What does the underlined word “ditch” mean? A. 波浪 B. 泥潭 C. 圈套 D. 迷惑 ( )75. A person at adolescence is ________. A. complicated(复杂的)in feelings B. good at making friends with each other C. old enough to fall in love D. easy to regard the friendship as a sign of love 【答案】BDABD （字数：264，生词量：1，难易度：B） “Three, Two, One, Start”, with the light on, the final test in the Shanghai area of the English Contest in East China began. Fortunately, during the first three parts, my scores were lower only than the first one. But in the last item----quick response(回答), things changed. I knew that if only I could answer one question correctly, I would have the chance to go to Nanjing for the final contest. So as soon as Miss Zhang, the hostess, gave the question “name three of the novels written by Charles Dickens”, I pressed the button at once. Though I know many of the novels written by him very well, such as Hard Times, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, Old Curiosity shop,
初中英语阅读理解练习题及解析 一、阅读理解 1．根据短文内容出选择正确答案。 A A farmer had a brother in town who was a gardener, and his brother had a garden full of the finest fruit trees. So his skill and his beautiful trees were famous everywhere. One day the farmer went into the town to visit his brother, and was surprised at the trees that grew quite well. "Look, my brother," said the gardener. "I will give you an apple tree, the best from my garden, and you, and your children, and your children's children will enjoy it." Then the gardener called his workmen and ordered them to take up the tree and carry it to his brother's farm. They did so, and the next morning the farmer began to wonder where he should plant it. "If I plant it on the hill," he said to himself, "the wind might catch it and shake down the delicious fruit before it is ripe. If I plant it close to the road, passersby will see it and take away the apples--but if I plant it too near the door of my house, my children may pick the fruit." So, after he had thought the matter over, he planted the tree behind his barn （谷仓）. Time passed, but the tree had no fruit the first year, nor the second-then the farmer called his brother. When the gardener came, the farmer said angrily, "You have cheated me, and given me a useless tree instead of a fruitful one. This is the third year and still it brings out nothing but leaves! " The gardener laughed and said, "See where the tree was planted, it has no sun or warmth. How could you expect flowers and fruit?" （1）From the passage, we can see the farmer planted the apple tree A. behind his barn B. on the hill C. close to the road D. near his house （2）The underlined word "ripe" means "__________" in Chinese. A. 挂果 B. 成熟 C. 开花 D. 成长 （3）What is NOT mentioned in the fifth paragraph? A. What happened to the apple tree. B. Why the farmer got angry with his brother. C. What kind of man the farmer was. D. Why the farmer called his brother. （4）Which of the following is NOT true? A. The farmer's brother had a garden full of the finest fruit trees. B. The gardener gave his brother the best apple tree from his garden. C. No flowers, fruit or leaves were on the apple tree. D. The farmer thought his brother gave him a useless tree. （5）What do you know from the end of the story?
（21） A Clever Bird A man has a bird. It is very clever. Every day the man speaks to the bird.“Hello!”he says. “Hello!”the bird answers.“What are you doing”says the man.“What are you doing”says the bird. The man is not at home one day. A thief comes in. He is taking many things.“Hello!”The thief hears the bird's words.“What are you doing”The thief is very afraid，so he does not take any things and runs out of the house. 1. The man teaches the bird ________. A. how to say something B. how to sing songs C. how to eat something D. how to dance 2. The bird is ________. A. very nice B. very clever < C. very beautiful D. very silly(傻的) 3. The man speaks to the bird ________. A. sometimes B. once a week C. every week D. every day 4. The thief is taking ________ things from the house. A. a few B. a little C. a lot of D. some 5. The thief ________ out of the room. A. walks B. comes C. runs D. goes } 参考答案 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C (22 ) What Are Stars Like Have you ever wondered about the stars In some ways，stars are like people. They are born. They grow old. And they die. A star is born from dust and gas. Slowly the dust and gas make a ball. The ball gets very hot. Then it starts to give off light. The young star grows into a giant. Many years go by. The older star begins to get small again. At last its light goes out. The star's life is over. 【 1. Dust and _________ make a star.
Day 5阅读理解(5)(议论文) Passage 1 文体：议论文词数：326 限时：6分钟 I log onto a computer at the doctor’s office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room. There, a robotic nurse directs me onto a device and then takes my blood pressure. Some time later, in steps the doctor, who is also a robot. He notes down my symptoms and gives me a prescription(处方). I pay for my visit using a credit card machine and return home without having met another human being. When I call my dentist’s office and actually get a human being on the line, I am thrilled. And when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like shouting, “When it comes to cashiers, make mine human, please!” After all, human cashiers sometimes give you a store coupon(优惠券) for items you are buying. Even more than that, real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can brighten a young mother’s day. A cashier may also show compassion(同情) for an elderly person struggling to get that last penny out of her purse. What technological device would do, any of this?I don’t want to go back to the Stone Age, but I’m also worried about a world run by
八年级英语上册阅读理解20篇
拓展阅读（01） My uncle James is a famous scientist．He likes to make lots of predictions about the future．He says that in 100 years some things will be better than now．For example, we will not have to wash the dishes or sweep(打扫) the floor because we’ll all have robots in our homes．Also, we won’t need to use paper money．We’ll all use credit cards（信用卡）to buy things．We’ll have more free time, and traveling will be faster and cheaper than it is now．Maybe some people will spend their vacations in space stations． However, Uncle James says that some things will get worse in the next century(世纪)．If more people use cars, there will be more pollution．Also, if there are fewer trees, the air will become dirtier．If pollution gets really bad, maybe people will have to go and live on Mars（火星）．Uncle James says we’ll be very sorry if pollution becomes worse． 1．What is Uncle James？(Uncle James是做什么的？) 2．Why doesn’t Uncle James think people in the future will do the dishes？3．What does he think people in the future will use to buy things？ 4．What will happen if more people use cars？ 5．If there are fewer trees, what will happen？ When the Americans were getting ready to send (送) their first men to the moon, an old Australian was watching TV in a restaurant (饭店). There was an Englishman in the restaurant, too, and he said to the Australian, "The Americans are clever(聪明的), aren't they? They are going to send some men to the moon. It is a very long way from our world." "Oh, that's nothing," the Australian answered quickly."Our country is going to send some people to the sun in a few months. That's much farther(更远) away than the moon, you know." "Oh, yes, it is," the Englishman said," but the sun is too hot for people to go to." The Australian laughed and said," We won't go to the sun in the day, of course( 当然). We'll go there at night." 1. Who were going to send their first men to the moon? 2. Where were the Australian and Englishman watching TV? 3. The Englishman thought______. 4. Both the Englishmen and the Australian knew that ______. 5. The Australian thought that ______. Tom and Fred are talking about the year 2050. "What will our world be like in the year 2050"asked Tom. "I don’t know. "says Fred." What do you think?" "Well, no one knows, but it’s interesting to guess(猜测). " "In the year 2050 everyone will carry(携带) a pocket(口袋) computer. The computer will give people the answer to all their problems. We will all have telephones, in our pockets, too, and we’ll be able to talk to our friends all over the world. Perhaps we’ll be able to see them at the same time. " "A lot of people will live and work under the sea. Maybe there will be big towns, factories, and farms under the sea, too. " "Robots will do most of the work, and so people will have more holidays. Perhaps(也许) they’ll work only two or three days a week. They’ll be able to fly to the moon by rockets and spend their holidays there. " "I’m looking forward to(期待) the year 2050. I hope to fly to the moon. " "And I hope I’ll be able to live under the sea," says Fred. "Won’t that be very interesting Just like a fish! 1.Tom and Fred talk about _______.
2020初三英语阅读理解及答案 下面有一篇文章，希望同学们用10分钟将此题做完，然后对照讲解找到准确的答案。 Passage 1 If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have never seen before, it might be a comet (彗星). A comet sometimes looks like a star. Like a planet, a comet has no light of its own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects (反射). Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but on a much longer path (轨道) than the earth travels. If a comet isn’t a sta r, what is it then? Some scientists think that a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock. When sunshine melts (融化) the ice in the comet, great clouds of gas go trailing after it. These clouds, together with the dust, form a long tail. Many people perhaps have seen a comet. However no one knows how many comets there are. There may be millions of comets, but only a few come close enough for us to see. An Englishman named Edmund Halley, who lived from 1656 to 1742, found out a lot about the paths that comets take through the sky. Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times. A big comet that keeps coming back was named after Halley because
1．学会分析议论文的论证思路。 2．学会分析议论文中的长难句，并积累高频词，为写作打下良好的基础。 3．将议论文的论证方法、论证结构迁移到开放作文写作中去。 常言道：“得阅读者得天下”。试看2007-2012年北京高考阅读理解部分，从A 篇至E 篇，文章的体裁分布： 课的学习，让大家领会议论文的论证思路。同时议论文往往存在大量的长难句，这对大家的语言功底是一个严峻的考验。希望大家通过本节课的学习，能够提高自己的议论文阅读能力。同时，希望大家能够把本节课学习的东西，迁移到开放作文写作中去。 议论文一：经济类 As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating(发电) and transmission (输送) system for the 21th century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around ① The 19th century saw land grants(政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land.② In much of the West, some of the railroad sections 满分必备攻略 命题人怎么想 高考考什么