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英语音标学习入门

英语音标学习入门
英语音标学习入门

音标入门讲解一、元音

(一)单元音

(1)前元音:[ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [ ? ]

[ i: ]

发音组合: e ee ea ie ei

代表单词:me he w e even

bee fee l breeze dee p fr ee

seat bea t lea d tea ea t rea son

grief bel ie ve ach ie ve

rec eive conc eive

音标对比: [ i: ] [ i ]

seat sit

beat bit

sh eep ship

[ e ]

发音组合: e ea a

代表单词:pen ten best beg egg net

brea d hea ven

marry any many

音标对比:[ i ] [ e ]

sit set

lift left

did dea d

(2)中元音:[?:] [?]

[?: ]

发音组合:or ir er ur ear

代表单词:work w orker worm

bird dirt aff irm

term

burn surf

pear l lear n

[ i ]

发音组合: i

代表单词: sit bit kick pick

w ish

[?]

发音组合: a

代表单词: cap map bad mad

bank thank lamp

音标对比: [e] [?]

beg bag

met m at

bed bad

[? ]

发音组合: a er or

代表单词:appear arise again

alike a man a pen

teach er moth er

broth er driv er ang er

doct or act or tut or

fam ous jeal ou s

(3)后元音: [a:] [?] [u:][u][?:] [?]

[a:]

发音组合:ar ear al

代表单词:far dar k hart farm garden bar

hear t

half

音标对比:[a:] [?]

fast fun

hart but

card cut

[u:]

发音组合:oo o ou u

代表单词:foo d foo l boo m coo l poo l sh oo t

tomb gr oup

blue cl ue rule truth concl ude

音标对比:[u:] [u]

f oot foo d

boo t boo k

coo l cou ld

[?:]

发音组合: a oo aw ou ore au or ar 代表单词:talk ball hall call

doo r floo r

law saw

bought fou ght th ou ght tou ght

bef ore ign ore

caught naughty nautical

force born sort

warn [u]

发音组合:oo u ou

代表单词:foo t goo d cook too k

pull full bull

shou ld

[?]

发音组合:u o

代表单词:up cut but bus luck

butter

monk onion

[?]

发音组合:o

代表单词:ox on not cop rot

hot lot

音标对比:[?:] [?]

sort dog

tort nod

sh ort sh op

(二)双元音

(1)合口双元音为: [ei][ai][??][au][?u] [ei]

发音组合:ei a ai ay

代表单词:eight

cake fate sn ake l ake m ake n ame

paid m ain

day may

[ai]

发音组合:y i uy

代表单词:cry dry my

kite high bike tight fine t ime

buy guy

[??]

发音组合:oy oi

代表单词:toy boy loyal

noise voi ce point soil coi n

[au]

发音组合:ou ow

代表单词:house sou nd ou t nou n

bow tow n now tow er

[?u]

发音组合:o ow oa

代表单词:host nose tone h ole note

bow l kn ow low ow n

boa t coa t 音标对比:[?] [ei] [ e ]

at eight bed

bat bade set

lab late pen

sand same hen

音标对比:[ ? ] [ai]

bat bite

back bike

lamp line

sack sign

音标对比:[?? ] [?]

boy boss

toy top

sp oil stop

音标对比:[au] [ai]

now night

cow kite

sound side

音标对比:[au] [?u]

how hole

lou d loa d

(2)集中双元音为:[i?][??][u?]

[i?]

发音组合:eer ear ere

代表单词:beer deer

hear near fear

here

[??]

发音组合:air ear are ere

代表单词:hair f air air ch air

bear swear

dare hare

there

[u?]

发音组合:oor ure our

代表单词:poor

lure sure

tour

二、辅音

(一)爆破音:[ p ] [ b ] [ t ] [ d ] [ k ] [ g ]

[ p ]

发音组合:p

代表单词:pay pipe put pie peach

sport speed spend

[ t ]

发音组合:t

代表单词:tea teacher team tare tank t ip it mee t ca t fate tent boa t

st udent stand s tick

[ d ]

发音组合: d

代表单词:do did does deer

date dig doom

nee d be d climbe d [ b ]

发音组合: b

代表单词:bird bed bag big buy bake

bill bear book

音标对比:[i?] [il]

here hill

fear feel

dear deal

音标对比:[??] [ai?]

hair hire

fare fire

sp are spire

音标对比:[u?] [?u]

poo r post

sure sold

lure loa d

[ k ]

发音组合: c k ck

代表单词:cake car can cat come

kite sky keep

pic k bac k

(二)摩擦音:[ f ][ v ] [θ][e] [?] [?]

[ s ][ z ][ h][ r]

[ f ]

发音组合: f ph

代表单词:five first life fine fat f ail fair fall

tele phone ph onetics ph oto

[θ]

发音组合:th

代表单词:think tee th th ick theme thank

bo th toot h truth fif th mou th fai th

音标对比:[θ][e]

thick th is

theme than

tee th they

dea th these

[?]

发音组合:sh s ss ch

代表单词:sh ip fish sh eet sheep di sh

sure ensure

ass ure

ma ch ine [?]

发音组合:s

代表单词:plea sure usual lei sure mea sure

[e]

发音组合:th

代表单词:this that these th ose

then than though [ v ]

发音组合:v

代表单词:vote vine vat vail

very vase

lea ve five

[ g ]

发音组合:g

代表单词:geese go gap get

big ba g be g

-

[ s ]

发音组合:s c

代表单词:seem set s eek say see

book s den se mou se cup s

fa ce ice race pri ce

[ h ]

发音组合:h wh (wh 在元音字母o前才发此音)

代表单词:hot home house horse hate high

wh ole wh o wh ose wh om

(三)破擦音:[t?] [d?] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz]

[ t?]

发音组合:ch

代表单词:ch eap ch ild ch est choke check cat ch wat ch

音标对比:[ t] [?]

ch eap sh ip

ch ose sh oes

cat ch cash

[ tr ]

发音组合:tr

代表单词:tree tr eat trip train tram

音标对比:[ tr ] [ dr ]

tr ee dr eam

try dr y

treat dream

[d?]

发音组合:j g dg

代表单词:jeep joke jew juice

gin chan ge

jodg e judg e

音标对比:[t?] [d?]

charge judg e

choice join

mat ch pa ge

[ dr ]

发音组合:dr

代表单词:dream drag dr aw drink

chil dren

[ r ]

发音组合:r wr

代表单词:race red rice rain right

free fry pray

wrong write

[ z ]

发音组合:z s

代表单词:zoo pri ze zeal

raise knee s eye s

[ ts ]

发音组合:ts

代表单词:sits sea ts ma tes peasan ts paren ts

音标对比:[ ts] [ dz ] [ z ] [ dz ]

be ts be ds boy s boar ds

sea ts see ds glove s groun ds

ne ts nee ds stare s stan ds (四)鼻辅音:[ m ] [ n ] [ ? ]

[ m ]

发音组合:m

代表单词:so me co me dime

mother map m oon

[ n ]

发音组合:n

代表单词:noon nose note not no nothing

moo n soo n so n gu n thin run di ne gai n

(五)舌边音:[ l ]

发音组合: l

代表单词:清晰音[ l ] let lad late laid leap lap

代表单词:含糊音[ l ] dea l tell be lt sa le tab le (六)半元音:[ w ][ j ]

[ w ]

发音组合:w wh

代表单词:wait west w ay wet w ill wide wh eel wh at wh y wh en wh ere wh ile

音标对比:[ w ] [ v ]

wet vet

w inter inventure

w orld voice

w omen visit [ j ]

发音组合:y

代表单词:year yes yet yard young you

音标对比:[ i: ] [ j ]

ea t yet

ea st yes

ea ger yard

[?]

发音组合:ng n

代表单词:sing so ng sing er ki ng thi ng

ink si nk tha nk tank 音标对比:[ m ] [ n ]

ho me sto ne

the me thi n

ment net

[ dz ]

发音组合:ds

代表单词:nee ds see ds spen ds

补充:元音字母a, e, i, o, u在重读音节中的一般读音规则:

a e i o u

重读开音节:[ ei ] [ i: ][ ai ] [ ?u ][ju:] [u:]

重读闭音节:[ ? ][ e ][ i ] [ ?][ ?] [ u ]

注意:除了符合读音规则的词以外,还有一些词是例外的,需要逐个记忆。

重读开音节:一个辅音加e结尾的单词, 元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发长音

如: cake theme bike close cons ume

重读闭音节:元音字母 a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发短音

如: have bed sit love bus

一,单元音:[i:]、[i]、[?:]、[?]、[u:]、[u]、[?:]、[?]、[ɑ:]、[?]、[e]、[?]

[i:]——谐音为:易(yi);像数字1,记忆真容易.

[?:]——谐音为:噢(0);噢,这个音标就像个o.

[u:]——谐音为:雾(wu);杯子上有很多雾.

[?:]——谐音为:饿(e);一只鹅饿得晕倒了.

[ɑ:]——谐音为:啊(a);音标的读音跟拼音一样.

[e]——谐音为:夜(ye);这只鹅喜欢走夜路.

二,双元音:[ei]、[ai]、[?i]、[i?]、[??]、[u?]、[au]、[?u]

[ei]——谐音为:妹(mei);鹅有一个妹妹.

[ai]——谐音为:爱(ai);音标的读音跟拼音一样.

[?i]——这个音标找不到拼音的谐音,可以按照字母o、i的发音连读来进行谐音记忆.

[i?]——谐音和外形都像:12

[??]——谐音为:挨饿;外形像3只鹅;三只鹅都在挨饿.

[u?]——谐音为:屋鹅;一屋子的鹅都装在杯子里.

[au]——谐音为:傲(ao);一个杯子很骄傲,不让人拿它喝水.

[?u]——谐音为:鸥(ou);一只鹅在杯子里找海鸥.

三,辅音:[θ]、[e]、[?]、[?]

注:多数辅音的读音与拼音差别不大,可以通过拼音来进行谐音;还有一部分辅音没有对应的拼音字体,我们的记忆方法主要是针对这四个辅音.

其中,[θ]和[e]这两个音标,它们没有近似的拼音来对应,主要靠嘴形来记忆.

[θ]——外形像上下牙齿咬着舌头;[e]——外形则像舌头顶在上下牙齿之间.

而[?]和[?]这两个音标,则可以找到近似的拼音来作为谐音.

[?]——谐音为:嘘(xu);嘘,这里有条很长的蛇,赶快保持安静!

[?]——谐音为:雨(yu);外形像 3.今天下了3场大雨.

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