2018年寒假语法篇、感叹句
1. 感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜
2. 感叹句结构主要有以下几种：
How+ 形容词或副词+主语+谓语How + What + a/an+形容词+名词单数+主语+谓语What+
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词,
形容词+ a +名词+主语+谓语
形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语
What an in terest ing story it is! What fine weather it is! What beautiful flowers they are!
【说明】在感叹句中，What a /an常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用an。what是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词，如rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch等，当前面有形容词修饰，使
抽象名词具体化时，则要用what a /an,如:
What a heavy rain it is!
3.感叹句的省略
What a great surprise it is! What a rich breakfast it is!
常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。 What a naughty boy （he is）
断:将原来的陈述句断成两部分，在谓语动词后断开。
二加：加适当的感叹词，断开的后半部分的中心词如果是名词，则要加what；如果是形容词或副词，则要加how。如有very, too, quite 等词应去掉。
He is a good stude nt. ---- He is / a good stude nt. ------ H e is (what) a good stude nt.——What a good stude nt he is.
---- What a good student he is ！
She works very hard. ---- She works / very hard. ---- She works (how) hard. ---- How hard she works.
-----How hard she works!
练一练：用what, what a/an, how 填空:
1. _______ nice skirt it is!
2. _______ in teresti ng the film is!
3. _______ beautiful the park are!
4. _______delicious food it is!
5. _______ careless the man is!
6. _______ won derful ideas!
7. _______ lovely the baby is!
8. _______ cold weather it is!
9. _______ clever boy (he is)!
10. ______ in terest ing film this is! 把下列句子改为感叹句：
1. How lazy the boy is! 11. Look! ______ fast the boy is running!
12. ______ cold day it was yesterday!
13. ______ heavy the box is! I can ' t carry it
14. ______ in teresti ng story he told us!
15. ______ nice the moon cakes are!
16. ______ bad weather!
17. ______ clever childre n all of you are!
18. ______ importa nt n ews that is!
19. ______ time flies!
20. ______ beautiful flowers you bought me!
4.陈述句变感叹句：陈述句变为感叹句，可遵循“一断、二加、三换位、四改号”的原则。
三换位：把改变后第一、二部分前后调整位置。注意句中有关单词的大小
写。四改号：把原来的句号改为感叹号。
2. What an excit ing movie it is!
3. What delicious apples they are!
4. How pure the water is!
5. What a careful woma n she is!
6. They are running fast.
7. Her sister is a very lovely girl.
选择题：
二、宾语从句
1、 概念：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句；介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 宾语从句中要用陈述句的语序。 2、 宾语从句的连接词 1)
从属连词主要有：that ； if ； whether 。
that 引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，that 没有词汇意义，在从句中不充当任何句子成分， 常省略；if 和whether 引导表示 是
否”的宾语从句。
He told that he would go to the college the next year.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
1. fine the weather is!
a. What a What c. How d. How a
2. food you ' ve cooked! a
.How a n ice
b. What a nice
c. How n ice
d. What nice 3. great fun they had! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a 4. heavy rain it was!
a. What a
b. What
c. How
d. How a 5. fun place to go Shan ghai is! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a 6. happy life the old live! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a 7. nice fish they cooked! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a 8. blue the sky is!
a. What a
b. What
c. How
d. How a
9. useful work you did!
a. What
b. How
c. What a
d. How a 10. time you had! a. What good b. How good
c. What a good
d. How a good time
11. excit ing mome nt it is! a. What
b. How
c. What a
d. What an
12. nice shoes! a. What b. How c. What a
d. How a 13. she sin gs! a. How well
b. How good
1 c. What well d. What good
14.
fast the boys are running! a. What
b. How
c. What a
d. How a
2) 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,which ，whoever，whatever, whichever等，在从句中可充当主语、宾语等。连接代词一般指疑问，但what, whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述.
I don ' t know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁.
The book will show you what the best CEOs know.
3) 连接副词主要有when, where, why, how等，在从句中充当状语。
He didn ' t tell me when we should meet again. Could you please tell me how you get to the new hotel?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
宾语从句的引导词的选择坚持两个原则：
看这个引导词的具体词汇意义；
看这个引导词是否在从句中充当句子成分。
3、动词的宾语从句
1）大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。
2.）部分动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have bee n sold out.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?
3）动词短语也可以带宾语从句
make sure 确保make up one ' s ml下决心keep in mi nd 牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
4、介词的宾语从句
We are talk ing about whether we admit stude nts into our club.
The new book is about how Shen zhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
5、形容词的宾语从句
常用来弓丨导宾语从句的形容词有：sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised.
I am sure I will pass the exam. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
He is glad that Li Mi ng went to see him whe n he was ill.
6、if, whether在宾语从句中的区别
①介词后一般不用if
②whether后可以加or not，但是if不可以.
③在不定式前只能用whether。如：I can ' t decide whether to stay我不能决定是否留下。
7、宾语从句的时态
1）当主句为现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响
2）当主句为过去时的时候，从句的时态也要用过去的某种时态。
如果从句是一个客观真理，那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化。
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
当宾语从句的引导词是who, which, what, when, where, how, why 等表疑问，且句中含有do you think/believe等时，不能按正常语序安排，经常将这类引导词置于句首。
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite sin ger this year?
1.1 don't know ________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you .
A. if; Whether
B. whether; Whether
C. if; That
D. if; If
2. I don't know ________ the day after tomorrow.
A. whe n does he come
B. how will he come
C. if he comes
D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _______ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend
B. what did he mend
C.how he mended
D. what he men ded
4.1 want to know ________ .
A. whom is she look ing after
B. whom she is look ing
C. whom is she look ing
D. whom she is look ing after
5. The small childre n don't know ________ .
A. what is their stock ings in
B. what is in their stock ings
C. where is their stock ings in
D. what in their stock ings
10. I can't un dersta nd _______ .
A. what does Christmas mean
B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does
D. what Christmas means
11. The stude nts want to know whether they _________ dictati on today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are
12. I hardly un dersta nd. _________ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who
13. They don't know _________ their pare nts are. A. that B. what C. why D. which
14. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper ____ W ho Moved My Cheese was an in teresti ng book.
A. that
B. how
C. what
D. if
15. —I don't know ____Mr. Green will come to see us. —He will help us with our En glish. （杭州市）
A. why
B. whe n
C. how
D. where
16. —We n ever know ___ the old man is. —They say he is a teacher.（鄂州市）
A. what
B. who
C. which
D. where
17. I was told ____ Bill Gates was thirtee n he bega n to play with computers. （重庆市）
A. that how
B. how that
C. whe n that
D. that whe n
18. He asked me ___ I was sure my mother ____ .
A. if; will come
B. if; would come
C. that; will come
D. that; would come
19. —W here do you thi nk ___ he _____ the computer? —Sorry, I have no idea.
A. /; bought
B. has; bought
C. did; buy
D. does; buy
20. —Where is Jack?
—He is away to spe nd his holiday. He's gone either to Han gzhou or to Wuha n, but rm not sure ___ .
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. there
21. The teacher told the childre n that the sun round. A. was B. is C. were D. are
22. I believe that our team the basketball match. A. win B. won C. will win D. wins
23. I don ' t know to visit the old man. A. whether B. if C. that D. who
24. __ Tom didn 'goto school?
A. Do you know how
B. Why do you know
C. How you know why
D. Do you know why
25. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us? （改写句子）
Could you tell us _________ M r. Brow n ________ living in Chi na?
26. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know ________ the train _________ .
27. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
Li Lei wants to know ________ Peter _________ here yesterday.