英汉语言学著作前言中致谢部分的语类分析[摘要] 本文以Swales的CARS理论为理论背景,运用内容分析和频率分析的
研究方法,分析了英汉著作前言的各30个样本,对比分析研究了中英语言学著作前言中致谢部分的语类结构。分析结果表明,它们的致谢部分存在部分差异。作者对造成差异的原因进行了分析和阐述。
[关键词] 语类致谢语步步骤
前言(Preface)作为一种交互式语类,有着自己的文体和特性并遵从一定的常规格式。根据韦氏字典对前言的定义,前言指的是“说话者或作者对一本书中引言的引入性评论,通常阐述了本书的目的或者它的讨论范围”。作为书本正文前的一个重要部分,前言对作者及读者具有重要的价值意义。
John Swales是“语类分析之父”。他于1981年提出了一个“四语步模式”(four-move model)。Swales认为在学术文章中,一般需要四语步,即前言、研究方法、研究结果和讨论( Introduction,Method,Result and Discussion )。每个语步中又包含几个数量不等的“步骤”(steps)。后来,Swales据此(1990)对他的模式作了修改,总结出三个语步,这就是后来被称为CARS(Creating a Research Space)的论文开头模式。
本研究借鉴Swales的CARS理论,旨在分析对中英文语言学著作中通常放在最后一个语步的致谢部分的语类结构,并对二者致谢部分的语类结构进行对比研究。
作者用内容分析和频率分析的研究方法分析了60个前言的样本,其中30个样本取自英文语言学学术著作,另外30个样本取自汉语语言学学术著作。在对60个样本的原文结构进行了全面分析以后,作者对比分析了样本的语步和步骤,然后记录并计算了每个语步和步骤在样本中的分布和频率。
致谢部分是通常放在前言的最后语步。在此语步中,作者通常会表达对一些人和机构的感谢。通过对文本的分析,作者得出前言的致谢部分大致主要有三个步骤。
步骤一,作者表达对本书帮助过的人和机构的感谢;
步骤二,作者表示愿意为书中所可能出现的错误承担责任;
步骤三,附上作者为想表达尊敬的人写的献词。
但在研究中发现,第三个语步没有在汉语著作中出现过。
《英语翻译基础》期末复习 13年12月 题型： 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） Section A; 选择译文中最符合原文意思的选项（考查翻译实践能力） Section B: 关于翻译理论知识的题目 二、改译句子。（每小题2分，共10分） 三、翻译句子。（每小题3分，共15分） 四、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分） 五、案例分析题（每小题15分，共15分） 注意：本门课程为：“闭卷（只允许考生带一本正规英汉词典参加考试，不得携带除此之外的任何查字工具。） I、Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 2 points each) A : Directions : This part consists of five sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1. I prefer driving to being driven. B A. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢别人开车。 B. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢坐车。 C. 我开车比被开车更喜欢。 D. 我喜欢开车，也喜欢被开车。 2. She had deprived herself of the advice of all but yesmen. C A．她丧失了除了唯唯诺诺的人之外的所有人的劝告。 B．她剥夺了自己的所有人的劝告，唯唯诺诺的人除外。 C．她喜欢唯唯诺诺的人，根本听不进所有其他人的劝告。 D．她剥夺了所有人的劝告，除了唯唯诺诺的人。 3．我第一次听她在晚上唱歌，她的歌声就深深地打动了我。B A．Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her song moved me deeply. B. When I first heard her sing at a party, I was deeply moved. C. I first heard her singing a party, I was deeply moved. D. Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her voice moved me deeply. 4.When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. B
系统功能语言学英汉术语对照表 作者：翁素贤提供 转贴自：摘自《系统功能语言学多维思考》 您要打印的文件是：系统功能语言学英汉术语对照表 打印本文 系统功能语言学英汉术语对照表 ―――摘自《系统功能语言学多维思考》 A Abitliy 能力 Actor 施动者 Addressee 受话者 Addresser 发话者 Agent 施事 Anaphoric 指前的 Antonym 反义词 Antonymy 反义意义 Autonomy 自治性 B Behavior 行为 Behavioral process 行为过程 Beneficiary 受益者 C Cataphoric 指后的 Categorical 绝对的 Categorization 范畴化 Central token 中心标志 Chain 链 Channel 渠道 Choice 选择 Clause 小句 Clause as theme 句项主位 Cleft sentence 分裂句 Closed system 封闭系统 Coclassisfication 相互区分
Coextension相互扩展Coherence连贯 Cohesion链接 Cohesive chain链接链Cohesive tie链接纽带Cohyponym共同下义词Collocation搭配Collocational chain搭配链Comeronym共同局部关系词Command命令 Comment述题 Competence（语言）能力Complementarity互补性Congruence一致性Conjunction连接，连词Consonant辅音 Consonant grammar协和语法Constructivism构建主义Context语境，上下文Context of culture文化语境Context of situation情境语境Continuity连续体Continuum连续体Conventional meaning常规意义Coocurrence同现Cooperative principle合作原则Coordination并列Coreference相互对应Correspondence对应 Critical linguistics批评语言学Cross-coupling交互匹配 D Decategorization非范畴化Declarative陈述的 Delicacy精密度 Dialect方言 Dialectal variety方言变体Diatypic variety功能变体Didactic教导性的 Direct speech act直接言语行为Discontinuity脱节，间断性Discourse话语 Discourse analysis话语分析
【语言学名著选读】 课型/编号专业选修课/161007251 学时/学分 36/2 课程简介 语言学名著选读是汉语国际教育专业 和汉语言文字学专业的专业必修课。语言学名著选读课属于语言学范畴，主要向学生介绍古今中外在语言学史上有重大贡献的书籍。 教学目的 开设语言学名著选读课，主要目的不光是让学生认识阅读这些名著，更重要的是对语言学的发展脉络有清楚的认识，从而拓宽学生的思路，对于今后的语言学研究有很大帮助。 教学内容 分为两大部分，汉语语言学名著和西方语言学名著。汉语语言学名著包括：《马氏文通》、《中国文法要略》、《新著国语文法》、《现代汉语》、《语法讲义》、《语法答问》等；西方语言学名著包括：《论人类语言结构的差异及对人类精神发展的影响》、《普通语言学教程》、《语言论》、《句法结构》、《现代语言学教程》等。通过泛读这些经典语言学名著，让学生对语言学有整体上的把握，为今后的语言学研究打下基础。 教学方式 课上以教师授课为主，辅以课堂讨论，课后学生阅读名著，做研究报告等形式。 考核方式 论文或考试节课。成绩比例为平时成绩和期中成绩占40%，期末考试成绩占60%。 使用教材 自编讲义。 参考书目 1.马建忠：《马氏文通》，商务印书馆，1983。 2.吕叔湘：《中国文法要略》，商务印书馆，1956。 3.黎锦熙：《新著国语文法》，湖南教育出版社，2007。 4.王力：《中国现代语法》，商务印书馆，1985。 5.朱德熙：《语法讲义》，商务印书馆，2003。 6.朱德熙：《语法答问》，商务印书馆，1985。 7.[瑞士]索绪尔：《普通语言学教程》，商务印书馆，1980。 8.[德]威廉·冯·洪堡特：《论人类语言结构的差异及其对人类精神发展的影响》，商务印书馆，1999。 9.[美]爱德华·萨丕尔：《语言论》，商务印书馆，1985。 10.[美]布隆菲尔德：《语言论》，商务印书馆，1998。 11.[美]乔姆斯基：《句法结构》，中国社会科学出版社，1984。 12.[美]霍凯特：《现代语言学教程》，北京大学出版社，2003。
语言学教程chapter1-3 1.design feature: are features that define our human languages,such as arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc. 本质特征：决定了我们语言性质的特征。如任意性、二重性、创造性、移位性等等。 2.function: the use of language to communicate,to think ,https://www.doczj.com/doc/564492412.html,nguage functions inclucle imformative function,interpersonal function,performative function, emotive function,phatic communion,recreational function and metalingual function. 功能：运用语言进行交流、思考等等。语言的功能包括信息功能、人际功能、施为功能、感情功能。3.etic: a term in contrast with emi c which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.Being etic means making far too many, as well as behaviously inconsequential,differentiations,just as was ofter the case with phonetic vx.phonemic analysis in linguistics proper. 非位的：相对于“位学的”源于美国语言学家派克对于语音学和音位学的区分。 4.emic: a term in contrast with etic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.An emic set of speech acts and events must be one that is validated as meaningful via final resource to the native members of a speech communith rather than via a ppeal to the investigator’s ingenuith or intuition alone. 位学的：相对于“非位的”源于美国语言学家派克对于语音学和音位学的区分。言语行为和事件中的位学系统必须是有效而有意义的，是通过言语社会中的本族语者而不仅仅是调查者的聪明和直觉获得的。5.synchronic: a kind of description which takes a fixed instant(usually,but not necessarily,the present),as its point of observation.Most grammars are of this kind. 共时：以一个固定的时间（通常，但非必须，是现在）为它的观察角度的描写。大多数的语法书属于此类型。 6.diachronic:study of a language is carried through the course of its history. 历时：在语言的历史过程中研究语言。 7.prescriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are prescribed how ought to be,https://www.doczj.com/doc/564492412.html,ying down rules for language use. 规定式：规定事情应该是怎样的。如制定语言运用规则。 8.descriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are just described. 描写式：描述事情是怎样的。 9.arbitrariness: one design feature of human language,which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 任意性：人类语言的本质特征之一。它指语言符号的形式与意义之间没有自然的联系。 10.duality: one design feature of human language,which refers to the property of having two levels of are composed of elements of the secondary.level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. 二重性：人类语言的本质特征之一。拥有两层结构的这种特性，底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都有自身的组合规则。 11.displacement: one design feature of human language,which means human language enable their users to symbolize objects,events and concepts which are not present (in time and space),at the moment of communication.
黄山学院初等教育学院2008－2009学年度第二学期06级英语班《英语翻译》期末考试卷 班级序号姓名成绩 一、选择题。（请将答案写在序号前面）20% 1. Success in many fields depends on getting the latest information. A. 许多领域的成功都取决于能否得到最新消息。 B. 田里的收成在很多方面依靠获得最新的消息。 C. 从很多方面讲，成功主要依靠在最后的时刻还能得到信息。 D. 在众多领域里，成功是获得最晚信息的保障。 2. At least three persons died in the fire and 23 others were injured. A. 至少3人因这次火灾和另外23次火灾造成死亡。 B. 起码有3个人在大火中丧命，23个以外的人受伤。 C. 火灾造成至少3人死亡，23人受伤。 D. 至少有3人死于火海，23人被火海包围。 3. Not only has he a first-class brain, but he is also a tremendously hard worker. A. 在一班，他不仅是头领，而且，也是一个非常严肃的工作者。 B. 他有一流的头脑，是个非常难对付的家伙。 C. 他不仅头脑好用，而且，还喜欢做极端困难的工作。 D. 他不仅头脑非常聪明，而且，工作上也非常勤奋。 4. It is reported that some areas of Australia have had no rain for more than four years. A. 有报道说，澳大利亚地区已经4年多没下雨了。 B. 据报道，澳大利亚的部分地区有4年多没下雨了。 C. 澳大利亚的个别地方被报道说没下雨的时间已经超过了4年。 D. 报纸报道，某些澳大利亚地区已经有4年多没下雨的时间。 5. The village was named after the high mountain standing in front of it. A. 这个村庄是以矗立在它面前的那座高山命名的。 B. 这个村庄的名字是来自于它面前的那座高山。 C. 这个村庄的名字是在前面的那座高山之后起的。 D. 这个村庄的名字是以站立在它面前的那座高山起的。 6. It was officially announced that the birth rate dropped greatly in the past three years. A. 据官方宣布，出生率在过去的三年中有了大幅下降。 B. 正式宣布，过去三年的出生率大幅下降。 C. 正式宣布，出生率大幅下降在过去三年。 D. 据正式声明，过去三年的出生率大幅下降。 7. The introduction of the new technique reduced the cost of the product three times. A. 对新技术的介绍，使产品的成本减少到三分之一。 B. 新技术的引进使产品的成本减少了三倍。 C. 对新技术的介绍使产品的成本减少到原来的三分之二。 D. 新技术的引进使产品成本减少了三分之二。 8. If you are buying a car, you may pay for it out of savings. A. 假使你正在买一辆汽车，你也许会透支购买。 B. 如果你要买一辆汽车，你可以用自己的储蓄存款支付。 C. 假定你打算买一辆汽车，你得花掉你得全部存款。 D. 加入你买一辆汽车，你需要用你的积蓄交此款。 9. Full-service banks can offer services unavailable at smaller financial institutions. A. 全面服务的银行能提供在小财政机构所不能获得的服务。 B. 提供全方位服务的银行能提供较小的金融机构所不能提供的服务。 C. 充满了服务的银行可能提供给较小的财政机构某些无法获得的服务 D. 全面服务的银行可能提供服务，这种服务是较小的金融机构所不能提供的。 10. The following qualifications are required from the candidates for the above position. A. 我们要求应聘高职位的求职者需具备以下资历。 B. 应聘以上职位，需具备下列资格。 C. 候选人为了高职位要求自己具备以下资历。 D. 以下资历是对应聘此职位的候选人的要求。 二、用正反表达法翻译下列句子。20% 1. The teacher found some of the pupils absent. 2. I wonder if he is coming. 3. Your request is beyond my power. 4. You will fail unless you work harder. 5. That lazy boy went to class before he had prepared his lesson. 6. Be sure to lock the door when you leave. 7. Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon. 8. The doubt still unsolved after his repeated explanation. 9. Such flight couldn’t long escape notice. 10. All the articles are untouchable in the museum. 三、用重复法翻译下列句子。20% 1. We should learn how to analyze and solve problems. 2. It's our duty to rebuild and defend our home-land. 3. People forget your face first, then your name. 4. Each had his own business to handle. 5. Big families had their own difficulties.
英汉语言学词汇对照表 abbreviation ablative abrupt accent accusative acoustic phonetics acquisition action verb active active chart parser active knowledge active verb actor-action-goal actualization acute address adequacy adjacency pair adjective adjunct adjunction adverb adverbial idiom affective affirmative affix affixation affricate agent agentive-action verb agglutinative agreement AI (artificial intelligence) AI language Algebraic Linguistics algorithm alienable alignment allo- allomorph allophone alpha notation alphabetic writing alternation 缩写[省略语 ] 夺格 (的) 突发音 口音 /{Phonetics} 重音 受格（的） 声学语音学 习得 动作动词 主动语态 活动图句法剖析程序 主动知识 主动动词 施事 (者)-动作 -目标 实现 (化) 锐音 地址 { 信息科学 }/ 称呼（语） { 语言学 } 妥善性 邻对 形容词 附加语[ 附加修饰语 ] 加接 副词 副词词组 影响的 肯定（的；式） 词缀 加缀 塞擦音 施事 施事动作动词 胶着（性） 对谐 人工智能[人工智能 ] 人工智能语言[人工智能语言 ] 代数语言学 算法[算法 ] 可分割的 对照 [多国语言文章词；词组；句子翻译的 ] 同位 - 同位语素 同位音位 alpha 标记 拼音文字 交替
法语语言学导论 An Introduction to French Linguistics 课程简介： 本课程是针对法语专业四年级学生开设的专业选修课。本课程主要介绍了法语语言学的来源及其发展；语音和音位；词汇的结构和组织；缀词成句；语言的意义；使用中的语言等内容。本课程可以使得高年级学生对语言学各学科进行初步的了解，对语言系统有了进一步认识，初步掌握语言的研究方法，为研究语言奠定基础。 Course description: This course is a major optional course offered for the senior students majoring in French. The course mainly introduces the origin and development of French linguistics; phonetics and phonology; the structure and formation of words; structuring sentences ; the meaning of language; language in use, etc. This course enables seniors to get a preliminary understanding of sub-disciplines of linguistics, have a further understanding of language system and master preliminary research methods of language so as to lay a foundation for their study of language. 教学大纲： Syllabus: 一．教学目的和要求 本课程的教学目标是系统地介绍语言学各学科的知识和理论，使学生了解现代语言科学的相关术语和研究方法，培养学生语言研究的兴趣，获得运用科学方法考察语言现象的能力和习惯，提高学生的语言理论水平和语言分析能力，为学生学习其他语言课程提供必要的理论知识，为今后从事语言教学和语言研究工作奠定必要的基础。 Teaching objectives and requirements This course aims at introducing the knowledge and theories of sub-disciplines of linguistics systematically, enabling students to understand relative terms and research methods of modern linguistics, arousing their interests in language research, making them obtain the ability and habit of using the scientific methods to observe the phenomenon of language, and improving their abilities of learning linguistic theories and analyzing language, thus to provide necessary theoretical knowledge for the students learning other language courses and lay a solid foundation for their further language teaching and language studies. 教学内容 本课程主要概述语音学、音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学和类型学等学科的知识与理论，通过本课程的学习，学生能够正确理解、认识和分析语言的起源、特性、功能和内部各层次，了解语言在时空中的变异及其与思维、文化、社会、语境、文学等外部因素的关系，熟悉语言科学的概念和术语的意义，并用具体的证据加以说明。除此之外，《语言学导论》课程还介绍应用语言学、心理语言学、认知语言学及计算机语言学等学科的知识与理论。 Teaching contents This course mainly offers an overview of the knowledge and theories of some disciplines such as phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, typology and so on. Through this course, students can understand and analyze the origin, characteristics, functions and internal levels of language, understand the variation of language in the space and time and its relationship with some external factors
样卷 广东外语外贸大学国际商务英语学院 《英汉笔译》2011-2012学年上学期期末考试试卷（A） 考核方式：开卷 考核对象：国际商务英语学院法律英语系2009级考试时间：120分钟姓名______________ 班级________ 学号____________________ 分数___________ PART I. LEGAL TERMS (20%, one point for each) 1.outstanding liabilities 2.without prejudice to PART II. Translation Improvement (30%) Directions: There may be one or more errors or inappropriate treatment in each of the following TRANSLATED VERSIONS. Please underline it (or them) and then correct it (or them) in the corresponding space provided on the ANSWER SHEET. If you believe the whole translation is wrong or inappropriate, you are advised to underline the whole translation. Marks will be given if you have identified and properly marked the error(s). (2 points for each save as specified otherwise) 21.His retort was delivered with a strong note of vinegar. 原译：他的反驳是带着强烈的醋意发出的。 改译： 22.The new father wore a proud smile. 原译：那位新父亲面带得意笑容。 改译： PART III. SENTENCES (30%) Directions: Translate the following sentences. Employ the translation skill suggested in the brackets where appropriate. (3 points for each save as specified otherwise) https://www.doczj.com/doc/564492412.html,mission depends on the quantity of goods ordered. (Amplification) 32.We learn that you have been dealers of Chinese products for many years. (Conversion) PART IV. PASSAGE (20%) Translate the underlined part of the following passage. 1
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表 Glossary and Index (备注：因教材改版，部分章节标注等内容有出入。) A abbreviation 缩写词，略语3.3.1 Abercrombie 10.3.2 ablative 夺格，离格4.1.1 abstractness 抽象性1.3.2 accent 重音（符）2.4.4；2.4.5 accuracy 正确性11.6.4 accusative 宾格4.1.1 achievement test 成绩测试11.6.3 acoustic phonetics 声学语音学1.7.1；2.1 acquisition 习得6.1.2 acronym 缩略语3.3.1 action process 动作过程12.2.3 actor 动作者4.4.2；12.2.3 addition 添加3.3.2 address form 称呼形式7.2.3 addressee 受话人1.4；9.4.1 addresser 发话人1.4；9.4.1 adjective 形容词3.1.2；4.1.1；5.5.2 adjunct 修饰成分；附加语12.2.3 adverb 副词3.1.2 affix 词缀3.2.1 affix hopping 词缀跳跃4.3.1 affixation词缀附加法7.1.4 affricate 塞擦音2.4.3；2.4.5；2.9.1 agreement 一致关系4.1.3 airstream 气流2 alliteration 头韵9.3.2；9.3.6 allomorph 词/语素变体3.2.4；4.3.1 allophone 音位变体2.8 allophonic variation 音位变体2.8.3
南开大学中文系阅读书目 一、语言学类 普通语言学教程（瑞士〕索绪尔著高名凯译 语言（法）房德里耶斯著岑麟祥、叶蜚声译 语言论（美〕布龙菲尔德著袁家骅等译 语法哲学（丹麦）叶斯柏森著何勇等译 马克思主义与语言学问题（苏联）斯大林著李立三等译语言分析纲要（美）布洛赫、特雷杰著赵世开译） 句法结构（美）诺姆乔姆斯基著邢公畹等译 现代语言学教程（美）霍凯特著索振羽、叶蜚声译 西方语言学名著选读胡明扬主编 国外语言学概述一流派和代表人物赵世开主编 语言论高名凯著 语言学纲要叶蜚声、徐通锵著语言学概论马学良主编 语言学概论石安石、詹人凤著普通语音学纲要罗常培、王均著 世界字母简史周有光著 历史语言学徐通锵著 语义论石安石著 汉藏语概论马学良主编邢公畹等著 文化语言学邢福义主编 语言学史概要岑麟祥著 中国语言学史王力著 中国理论语言学史邵敬敏、方经民著 二、现代汉语类 现代汉语教程邢公畹主编现代汉语（增订本）胡裕树主 编 现代汉语参考资料胡裕树主编 现代汉语语音概要吴宗济主编 语音常识董少文著 汉语词汇讲话周祖谟著 现代汉语同汇符淮青著 汉语描写词汇学刘叔新著 词语的意义和结构周荐著 同义词语和反义词语刘叔新、 周荐著 同义词语的研究周荐著 胡同及其他张清常著 异文化的使者——外来词史有 为著 中国现代语法王力著 中国语法理论王力著 汉语语法纲要王了一（王力） 著 中国文法要略吕叔湘著 双语语法分析问题吕叔湘著 现代汉语语法讲话丁声树著 汉语口语语法赵元任著吕叔 湘译 语法答问朱德熙著 语法讲义朱德熙著 八十年代中国语法研究陆俭明 著 汉语语法专题研究高更生著 汉语词法论陈光磊著 汉语动同和动词性结构马庆株 著 现代汉语句型李临定著 现代汉语特殊句式宋玉柱著 现代汉语复句新解王维贤等著 现代汉语祈使句研究袁毓林著 现代汉语空语类研究沈阳著 语法修辞讲话吕叔湘、朱德熙 著 实用语法修辞于根元、苏培实、 徐枢、饶长溶著 修辞学发凡陈望道著 现代汉语修辞学张弓著 语篇的衔接与连贯胡壮麟著 汉语方言概要袁家骅著 汉语方言调查基础知识邢公畹 著 现代汉语方言詹伯慧著 汉语方言调查手册李荣编著 方言调查字表（修订本）中国 社会科学院语言研究所编 中国文字学唐兰著 文字学概要裘锡圭著 汉字改革概论周有光著 三、古代汉语类 汉语史稿王力著 古代汉语（修订本）王力主编 古代汉语教程解惠全主编 说文解字（东汉）许慎著 说文解字注（清）段玉裁撰 说文通训定声（清）朱骏声著 文字蒙求（清）王筠著 说文解字通论陆宗达著 广韵（北宋）陈彭年等著 中原音韵（元）周德清著 汉语音韵学导论罗常培著 汉语音韵王力著 汉字古音手册郭锡良著 诗词格律王力著 释名（东汉）刘熙著 尔雅义疏（清）郝懿行著 尔雅今注徐朝华著 广雅疏证（清）王念孙著 经义述闻（清）王引之著 古书疑义举例（清）俞樾著 训诂简论陆宗达著 古汉语词汇纲要蒋绍愚著 经传释词（清）王引之著 助字辨略（清）刘淇著 马氏文通（清）马建忠著 古汉语语法及其发展杨伯峻 何乐士著 社科中文工具书使用邓宗荣著
2020年英语专业考研参考攻略——参考书目 2020年考研的同学们应该已经把参考书目大致浏览了一遍。有的同学已经购买了大量的参考复习资料，大部分学校已经不给参考书目，只列出了考试科目或者大纲。这么多参考书目，如何选择最适合的一本，哪本书对我们的考试最有帮助，下面小编一一为你解答。 我们先看看“英语专业考研”的概念。它是针对报考英语专业研究生的考生而进行的考试，具体考核科目为：政治（100分）、二外（100分）、基础英语（150分）以及综合英语（150分）。部分学校的两门专业课名称会有出入，但基本上都考察学生对英语各个方面的掌握，包括最基本的语法、写作、阅读以及涉及到专业知识的英语语言国家文化、英美文学、外国语言学与应用语言学和翻译（包括理论）等。 我们首先盘点有哪些复习用书： 一、基础英语复习用书 1.张汉熙的《高级英语》1、2册（最热门的英专考研用书，基本上每个学校都会将其列入。大部分学校都把张汉熙先生的书作为大三大四的授课教材） 2.邹申《写作教程》（1-4册）上海外语教育出版社，2011年。 3.李观仪《新编英语教程》第5~8册 4.蒋显璟《英美散文选读》1、2册（第二版）（对外经贸大学英语学院考研特色书籍，值得推荐） 二、英语语言学的复习用书 1.胡壮麟《语言学教程》（最热门、最经典的英专语言学考研用书，高校英语系授课经典用书）最好配上一套《胡壮麟语言学教程笔记和考研真题详解》，中国石化出版社 2.刘润清、文旭《新编语言学教程》 3.桂诗春《应用语言学》 4.戴炜栋《新编简明英语语言学教程》（也有一本《语言学教程学习指南》，高校英语系授课经典用书，备考经典书目） 5.蓝纯《语言导论》 6.杨信彰《语言学概论》
Unit1 A new study shows that dogs can detect if someone has cancer just by sniffing the person’s breath. Ordinary household dogs with only a few weeks of basic training learn to accurately distinguish between breath samples of lung- and breast-cancer patients and healthy subjects.One expert, who led the research, said, “Our study provides compelling evidence that cancers hidden beneath the skin can be detected simply by (dogs’) examining the odors of a person’s breath.” Early detection of cancers greatly improves a patient’s survival chances, and researchers hope that man’s best friend, the dog, can become an important tool in early screening. Unit 2 A research team recently replicated a bacterium’s genetic structure entirely from l aboratory chemicals, moving one step closer to creating the world’s first artificial organism. The researchers said, “It’s the second step of a three-step process to create a synthetic organism. But the final step could prove far more difficult.” Nonetheless, the research is pushing forward at a rapid pace. Last June, the team revealed details of an experiment in which researchers inserted the DNA of one species of bacterium into the cells of another. That process almost magically booted up the inserted genome. The research team hopes to use a similar trick to boot up the artificially created genome, so as to create a man-made living organism. Unit 3 In recent years, the psychologists from many countries banded together to do a research which indicated that continued income growth could make people apply themselves to an ongoing consumption race rather than promote overall happiness. Everyone has to spend more and more money in order to maintain a constant level of happiness. This is because our vanity and jealousy are functioning . The way to sort out them out is to cultivate the noble sentiment of being considerate and serving the society. People shouldn’t pin all their hopes on money. Instead , friends, family and work are also playing a very improtant role . Therefore, hapiness is not an inborn trait, but a talent which everyone can learn. Unit 4 I used to feel excited at teaching my students the elegant economic theories that could supposedly cure societal problems of all types. But what is the good of all my complex theories when people were dying of starvation on the sidewalks and porches across from my lecture hall? My lessons were like the American movies where the good guys always win. But when I emerged from the comfort of the classroom, I was faced with the reality of the city streets. Here good guys were mercilessly beaten and trampled. Daily life ws getting worse, and the poor were growing even poorer. Unit 5 No one thought that shy little Einstein would grow up to a prominent scientist. He was slow in learning to speak, and he often paused to consider what he would say during a conversation.In school, Albert Einstein was singled out by his teachers as a troublesome child because he liked to ask difficult strange questions. He did not like to memorize facts and rules, but was interested in what lay below the surface of things. When he was four or five years old, for instance, his father gave him a compass. Little Einstein was curious about the mysterious force that could keep a compass needle always pointing north, which prompted him to read widely in science. His real studies were mostly done at home by reading books on mathematics, physics, and philosophy. Unit 6 Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make their own minds. They tend to take the initiatives, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. They are considered sentimental. When they see a flag on ceremonial occasions, or attend parades celebrating Ame rica’s glorious past, tears may come to their eyes. They tend to be emotional at the reunions with family and friends, too. Sometimes, they can laugh at themselves and their country, while they will always remain intensely patriotic.