1.inversion structure到装句
倒装句分为全部倒装（将整个谓语置于主语之前）和部分倒装（把谓语的一部分，如be，have，助动词、情态动词等置于主语之前）。eg: Here comes the bus. (全部倒装)
Seldom has he received letters from his brothers. (部分倒装)
Types of inversion structure
Type 1.含有否定意义的副词（never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere 等）位于句首时。
Seldom in all my life have l met such a brave man.
我一生很少见过这么勇敢的人。
Never did she care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
虽然她处于极大的危险之中，但她根本不顾自己的安全。
Special examples:
1. not until位于句首时。
2.
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19世纪初，人们才知道热是何物。
在复合句中，只有主句用倒装，until引导的从句不倒装。
He will not give up drinking until he loses his health
Not until he loses his health will he give up drinking.
2. 在no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely/barely...when...结构中，前面部分位于句首时，其后的分句要部分倒装（谓语用过去完成时）。Hardly had the baby seen the dog when she cried.
那女婴一看到狗就哭了起来。
No sooner had the interpreter returned home than he was told to go to another country
那位翻译刚踏进国门就又受命要去他国。
3. not only...(but also)...位于句首引导两个分句时，前一个分句中
的主谓要采用部分倒装，第二个分句则不倒装。
4.
He not only teaches in school, but he also writes novels.
Type 2 only + 状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）位于句首时。Only after three operations was he able to walk without sticks.
做过三次手术之后，他才能不用拐杖行走。
只有多练习你才能通过驾驶考试.
Only with more practice can you pass the driving test.
Type 3. so/neither/nor开头的句子，说明前面的内容也适用于后者时，用倒装句“so/neither/nor+be/have/助动词／情态动词＋主语”。
她去过大连，我也去过。
She has been to Dalian and so have I.
约翰不会讲日语，海伦也不会。
John can't speak Japanese, nor can Helen
2. 强调句
强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，下面简单归纳它的几种结构：
Type 1"It is /was +被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who /that /whom+句子其余部分..."。
如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，用who或that来连接都可以。如果是其它成分，则一律用that来连接。即使被强调成分是句子中的时间状语，地点状语，原因状语等，也不能用when，where, because，要用 that。
He read three books in the library yesterday.
It was he who（that）read three books in the library yesterday. (强调主语) It was three books that he read in the library yesterday (强调宾语)
It was in the library that he read three books yesterday . 强调地点状语not…until…”句型的强调结构为“It is not until…that…”应注意把否定词not转移到until前面。
I didn't go home until rain stopped.
强调句为：It was not until rain stopped that I went home.
He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
Type 2用助动词“do（does／did）＋动词原形”来表示强调时，要符合以下条件： 1）句子是肯定句； 2）谓语动词为一般现在时或一般过去时； 3）谓语动词是单独的行为动词或单独的联系连系动词（be除
外）
e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。
He did write to you last week.上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street.过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
Type 3 What …..is /was…… 这个句式可用来强调主语、谓语和宾语。此外，当特别强调一件事物时，可用all 代替what.
在这样的句式中，常见的动词主要有：like, enjoy, love, dislike, hate, need, prefer, want 表示“喜欢”、“憎恨”、“想要”、“需要”等，还有动词do.
My left legs hurts.
What hurts is my left leg. (强调主语)
She writes all her novels on a typewriter.
What she does is (to ) write all her novels on a typewriter.( 强调谓语)
I need a beer.
What I need is a beer. (强调宾语)
I want a new coat for Christmas.
All I want for Christmas is a new coat.( 强调宾语)
Type 4 其他强调句
1）in the world，on earth，at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）：Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？
What on earth is it？它究竟是什么？
Do you know at all？你到底知不知道？
2）用倒装句表示强调
e．g．Dishonest he is！他的确不诚实！
In wine is the truth．酒后吐真言。
3）用形容词very，only，single，such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：
That's the very textbook we used last term．这正是我们上学期用过的教材。
You are the only person here who can speak Chinese．你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。
Not a single person has been in the shop this morning．今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。3虚拟语气（subjunctive mood ）
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等.
Type 1 if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断
条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句（如在.与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成
时，主句动词为情态动词(should, would, could）＋完成时态。
e.g. If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him.
22. 与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句动词为情态动词(should, would, could）＋动词原形。
e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
3与将来事实可能相反，从句谓语动词用过去将来时，主句动词为情态动词(should, would, could)＋动词原形。
e.g. If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如:
If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。)
倒装句式: if 条件句中如果有were, should, had, 可以省去if, 并使用倒装句序。Were/had/ should+主语。
Were I in school again, I would work harder.
Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.
Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.
Type 2虚拟语气用于宾语从句
1)“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为“可
惜……”、“……就好了”、“悔不该……”、“但愿……”等。
根据从句的意义来判断：
1．表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式
e.g. I wish I were a bird.
2表示将来不能实现的愿望,用"would(could)+动词原形
I wish we could go to the seaside today.
3．表示过去不能实现的愿望,用"had+过去分词"或"
(could)would+have+过去分词"。
e.g. I wished he hadn’t done that.
2)表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
从句用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should 可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等.
e.g. I insisted that he (should) go with them.
He suggest that a meeting (should) be held to discuss the matter.
He demanded that I (should) help him.
注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。
e.g. He insisted that he was honest.
The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
Type 3.虚拟语气用于表语从句
同位语从句作advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构"(should)+动词原形"。例如:
We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Beijing for sightseeing. My idea is that he (should)do exercises first.
Type4.虚拟语气用于以as if(as though)引导的表语从句或状语从句
如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had+过去分词";表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"would(might/could)+动词原形"。例如:
He looked at me as if I were mad.
He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.
It looks as if it might rain.
但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想
为真实的。例如:
It looks as if our side is going to win.
阴天说if it rains, we would not go out），反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。假设条件一般为：
Type 5.虚拟语气用于主语从句
在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用"should+动词原形"的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。
It is necessary (important, natural, desirable, advisable, strange,etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.
Type 6.虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句:
f only I had taken his advice.我要是听他的话就好了。
If only I were a bird!我如果是一只鸟就好了。
Type 7.虚拟语气用于定语从句
这种从句常用在"It is(high)time(that)..."句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去式,或"should+动词原形(should不能省略,be用were)"来表示,意为"(现在)该……"。例如:
It's time that I went and picked up my little girl from school.
It is high time we were going.
4.独立主格结构
1. 独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词)+形容词；
名词(代词)+副词；
名词(代词)+不定式；
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
2. 独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等
是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
3独立主格结构的作用
独立主格结构和一个从句差不多，前面的名（代）词相当于从句中的主语（也是后面部分的逻辑上的主语），后面部分相当于从句中的谓语和表语，它们表示主谓关系，
与句子中其它成分没有句法上的联系。这种结构常用作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况等意义，多用于书面语中。
4 独立主格构成类型
1．名词+现在分词
The old lady stood by the window, her hands trembling.
那老妇人站在窗边，手在颤抖。
The flood having destroyed their house, they had to live in a school temporarily.
洪水将他们的房子冲毁了，他们不得不在一所学校临时栖身。
2.名词+过去分词
He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
他仰卧着，双手交叉枕在头下。
She walked along hurriedly, her purse held tightly in her hand.
她匆忙地走着，手里紧紧攥着钱包。
3.名词+动词不定式
Two parties should reach an early agreement on basic principles, the details to be discussed later.
双方应在基本原则上及早达成一致，细节可以后讨论。
The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friend’s.
这两个男孩道别后，一个回了家，另一个去了朋友家。
4.名词+形容词
The little girl entered the room, her face red with cold.
小女孩走进房间，她的脸冻红了。
The old worker emerged from under the car, his hands dirty with machine oil.老工人从小车底部钻了出来，他的手沾满了机油。
5.名词+副词
He pulled on his socks in a hurry, wrong side out.
他匆忙地将袜子穿反了。
The boy tried to put on his coat, the outside in.
这个男孩试图自己穿衣服，把外面穿在了里面。
6.名词+介词短语
The teacher came into the classroom, book under arm.
老师腋下夹着本书走进教室。
The old farmer walked towards the field, hoe on shoulder.
这位老农民肩扛锄头朝田里走去。
5.现在分词和过去分词的用法
现在分词和过去分词的用法
现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
1)分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
eg :1. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. （现在分词做原因状语）
https://www.doczj.com/doc/524002164.html,ing what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. （现在分词做条件状语）
3. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. （现在分词做伴随状语））
4. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. (过去分词做伴
随状语)
5.Given better attention, the plants could grow better. （过去分词做条件状语
He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother’s illness.
过去分词做原因状语分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。eg:
1.Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help.(we don’t have enough hands).
2.Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (We are taught/teach us) .
3.Inspired by the International, the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation. (The working people were inspired/ inspire the working people)
4.____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6)
A)Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed
本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此，应用现在分词，答案为B.
5.No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. (CET-4 1995,6)
A) performing B) performed C) to be performed D) being performed
本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.
6.____as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (CET-4 1996,1)
A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) To be published
本句中as引导的是让步状语从句，意思为：他的作品尽管在被这样的时候出版，还是引起了关注，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.
2)“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋分词”结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。
1.When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
2.While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work..
3.Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
4 Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam.
般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。
1.We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
2.This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
3.We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
4.After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take
a long walk along the beach the next day.
5.More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.
6.The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack..
7.As early as 1649 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town ____50 households or more. (CET-4 1998,1)
A) having B) to have C) to have had D) having had
后面由分词做定语，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town与分词间为主谓关系，应该用现在分词，答案为A。
4)分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。
1.On the top of the hill, we could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village.
2.The little boy sat beside the railway line and watched the trains roaring by.
3. We should not leave him wondering what he should do.
4. I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
5.I caught him dozing off in class.
过去分词可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have,
hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge动词等后面作宾语补足语。
【例如】
After my encounter with her, I found myself greatly shaken.
You should keep her informed of what is going on here.
The teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination.
在动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。
I saw Mr. White get off a bus.
I saw Mr. White looking into shop window.
——Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
——Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.
5)分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。The film“Pearl Harbor” is really exciting. I am excited about it.
His response to the question was quite disappointing. I felt disappointed at his question.
第七章倒装 第一节基本知识与基本概念 【什么是倒装】 倒装是英语中很有意思的一种通过改变句子主语和谓语的正常顺序来表达特殊的意思或达到修辞目的的手段。 英语句子的基本语序是“主语＋谓语”，如果将谓语置于主语之前，这种语序就叫做倒装。【倒装的类型】 倒装句分完全倒装和部分倒装两种情况。完全倒装指整个谓语都提前到主语之前，但如果主语为代词而不是名词时，主语和谓语并不倒装。例如： Here comes the bus. (全部倒装) Here you are. （因为主语是代词you，所以没有倒装） 部分倒装指将谓语中的一部分，如助动词、情态助动词或系动词be放在主语的前面，其余部分仍在主语后面。例如： Only in this way can we make more contributions to our hometown. 【倒装怎么实现？】 动词倒装的方法一般是： １、动词be和主语颠倒进行倒装；（完全倒装和部分倒装通用）例如： Here is a book for you. Only until recently was I aware of the new situation. ２、如果谓语动词中有助动词、情态助动词，则将它们与主语颠倒,实现部分倒装。例如： Hardly had we started when they told us to stop. Tom can beat Jack in tennis and so can you. Often have I told you not to touch anything in my lab! ３、如果谓语动词是行为动词，其前面既无助动词也没有情态助动词，则用助动词do 进行倒装。例如： Little does he know about Chinese history. Jill didn’t follow the teacher’s order and neither did anyone else. 【高考怎么考倒装？】 倒装考点在高考中属于次要考点，并不是每年都必然要考查。但从有限的高考原题中，我们还是能够明显感觉到，部分倒装的重要性比完全倒装大 第二节具体考点解析 【考点一、什么情况下需要完全倒装？】 通常情况下，能引起完全倒装的有三种情况： １、There be 结构 There be 结构及其各种变体就是我们接触最早的，也是我们最熟悉的一种完全倒装。例如： There used to be a temple in the forest. There are many people in front of the city hall. There lived a very smart king. There may be some possibility that we can be chosen for the task.
先讲倒装 一.概念: 英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序。 二.相关知识点 按“主语+ 谓语”这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。 倒装句分为： 完全倒装：整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。 部分倒装：只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装。 1. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子，为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。 Our teacher came in. ——>> In came our teacher. 这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。 如 Here it is. A way he went. 这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。 Here comes the bus. Out rushed the boys. 2. how, then, just, often 表示时间的副词放在句首，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主 语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。 Then came 8 years of the Anti -Japanese W ar. 3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did, does，do. Under a big tree ___D_____, half asleep. A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man 4. there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。 在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动 词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。 There came shouts for help from the river. There lies a large wheat field in front of the house. Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house. In front of the tower flews a stream. 5. so + 动词+主语 neither/ nor + 动词+主语 表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一 致。否则要用so it is with… You can ride a bike. So can I . He has been to Beijing. So have I . The first one isn’t good, neither is the second. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt. 6. so+ 形容词/副词that 的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示，也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下： so +形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that +从句。 Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. = So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. So easy was the work that t
高中英语倒装句 倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装 1全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1）here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。Here is your letter. 你的信。 2). up，down，out，away，in , off, ahead放于句首Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse. Ahead sat an old woman. 3）表示地点，时间，方向等的介词短语放在句首时例如：After the head walked a group of workers. 4.“作表语的现在分词/过去分词/形容词+系动词+主语”形式的完全倒装 Seated in the front were the guests. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如： Here he comes. 他来了。Away they went. 他们走开了。 2部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, scarely, in no way, under no circumstance, at no time决不, not until…等。例如： Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： The mother didn\'t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1）---Why can\'t I smoke here? ----At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit 2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn\'t man know D. did man know 2.Not only…but also前面倒装，后面不倒装 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 3．Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than等，要倒装。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 典型例题No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 4so, neither, nor作部分倒装 so/neither/nor+be/can(should/will/could…..)/do(did/does)+sb表示\"也\"、\"也不\" 的句子要部分倒装。例如： 典型例题---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don\'t know, _____. A. nor don\'t I care B. nor do I care C. I don\'t care neither D. I don\'t care also 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为\"的确如此\"。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It\'s raining hard.---So it is. 5 only在句首后接状语用总分倒装。例如： Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。 注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。
-高二基础语法专题 虚拟语气基础练习60题 1. The boy acted ____ he had never lived in Canada before. A. as though B. even if C. as D. since 2. ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone 3. If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 4. The secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring 5. I wish I ____ able to tell him all about it last night. A. was B. were C. had been D. should be 6. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus. A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught 7. If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him. A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have 8. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 9. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _____ right away. A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested 10. Jane’s uncle insisted ____ in this hotel any longer. A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not 11. Don’t touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _____ you. A. would come to B. would come at C. would have come toward D. will come to 12. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 13. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadn’t tried C. have tried D. didn’t try 14. He demanded that the laboratory report ___ immediately after the experiment was done. A. was written B. be written C. must be written D. would be written 15. The man insisted that he _____ there. A. should send B. would be sent C. sent D. be sent 16. If he had not gone out in the storm _____. A. he will be alive now B. he would be alive now C. he would have been alive now D. he is alive now 17. If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do? A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain 18. It is required that you ____ at six. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive
倒装句 英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前，这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于强调或某种特殊的语法结构的需要，需要将谓语动词放在主语之前，这种语序则叫倒装语序。按倒装的形式，倒装可分为两类，一是完全倒装，二是部分倒装。完全倒装是指全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是指只把助动词、情态动词或be动词放在主语之前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后。 一、完全倒装 1. 用于there be 句型。 例：There are many students in the classroom. 原句自然顺序是：Many students are there in the classroom. ★2. 表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词，以及stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)。 例：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。 There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。 注意：若主语为人称代词，则不倒装。如： Here you are. 这就是你要的东西。（给你。） Here it comes. 它来了。 ★3. 表示方向的副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。 Out rushed the puppy. 小狗冲了出去。 Away went the girl. 那个女孩走远了。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。 注：若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装。如： In he comes. 他走了进来。 Down it came. 它掉了下来。 ★4. 表示时间或顺序的副词now, then 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。如：
倒装句 倒装的两种考法： 1. 放在单项选择题中，考查考生的倒装语法知识是否熟练掌握； 2. 放在完形填空和阅读理解中，设置理解障碍。 倒装的两种形式： 1. 完全倒装：将整个谓语动词提到主语前。 2. 部分倒装：即半倒装，将谓语的一部分即助动词提到主语前。 一、完全倒装 1】表方位的副词here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off, over, back等标志词放在句首，句子用完全倒装。 【翻译句子】 (1)车来了。Here comes the bus. (2)铃响了。There goes the bell. (3)孩子们冲出来了。Out rushed the children. (4)那个男孩离开了。Away went the boy. 【疑难】 Here it is. In she came. Away he went. 【疑难剖析】当主语是人称代词时，主谓语序不变。 2】地点状语放在句首且谓语动词为come, live, lie, go, sit, stand等时用完全倒装。【完成例句】 (5)河的南面有一家小工厂。In south of the river lies a small factory. (6)山谷里传来一声喊叫。From the valley came a cry. 3】such, the following等放句首时，句子要完全倒装。 【翻译句子】 (7)Such are the facts. 情况就是如此。 (8)生活就是这样。Such is life. (9)The following is the answer to the question. 这个问题的答案如下。 4】There lie / exist / stand / live ＋主语＋…是there be 句型的变式 【翻译句子】 (10)山顶上有一幢高楼。There is a tall building on the top of the mountain. (11)山顶上耸立着一座古塔。There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain. 5】“表语＋系动词＋主语”的结构。 【例句观察】 Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests. 出席晚会的有格林先生，还有一些别的宾客。 Seated on the ground are a group of young men. 坐在地上的是一群年轻人。 【注意】此时，主语较长，可还原为正常语序即：主＋系动词＋表语。 二、部分倒装
倒装句 概念：用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要，分为完全倒装和部分倒装。 一.完全倒装：句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。 1.以here, there, now, then等副词或out, in, up, down, away等表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首以示强调，句子要全部倒装，谓语动词常用come,go, be, lie,run,rush等。 2.表示地点的介词短语位于句首时 A beautiful lake lies at the foot of the hill At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. 注意：在上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则主、谓不需要倒装。 In he came and back he went again. Away he went . 二.部分倒装：be/助动词/情态动词提前到主语的前面。 Is am are was were（be动词）do does did（助动词）can could would may will might（情态动词）等1.only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时, 要进行部分倒装. Only then did I realize the importance of learning English. Only after he came back was I able to see him. 注：only修饰主语，仍用自然语序，如：Only socialism can save China. I seldom go to the cinema. 倒装：Seldom do I go to the cinema. 我很少去看电影． I have never seen such a performance. 倒装：Never have I seen such a performance. 我从来没有看过这样的表演． 2.否定副词及介词短语的否定词位于句首时。 高考常考的这类词或词语有：never , not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等。 3.not until 引导的从句位于句首引起的主句部分倒装 He didn’t finish his homework until his mother came back. 倒装：Not until his mother came back did he finish his homework. 直到他的妈妈回来，他才完成作业。 The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 倒装：Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 等到孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间． 注意：当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 4、as/ though (虽然，尽管）引导的让步状语从句 名词\形容词\副词\分词+as\though+主语+其他 Although I am ugly, I am gentle. 倒装：Ugly as I am, I am gentle. Though he is a child, he has to make a living. 倒装：Child as he is, he has to make a living. 注意：从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词
高中英语倒装句语法知识汇总 一.概念: 英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序。 二.相关知识点精讲 按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。倒装句分为： 完全倒装：整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。 部分倒装：只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装。 1. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子，为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。 Our teacher came in. In came our teacher. 这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。 Here it is. Away he went. 这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。 Here comes the bus. Out rushed the boys. 2. how, then, just, often 表示时间的副词放在句首，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。 Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War. 3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。 这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did, does或do. Under a big tree ________, half asleep. A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man 4. there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。 在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。 There came shouts for help from the river. There lies a large wheat field in front of the house. Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house. In front of the tower flews a stream. 5. so + 动词+主语 neither/ nor + 动词+主语 表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。 否则要用so it is with… You can ride a bike. So can I . He has been to Beijing. So have I . The first one isn’t good, neither is the second. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt. 6. so+ 形容词/副词that 的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示，也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下：so +形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that +从句。 Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. = So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days. 7. done做形容词在句中做表语时，常把表语放在句首，要用倒装句式。 Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil. 8. 否定副词not , never, seldom, nowhere, little , rarely 放于句首时要用倒装句式。 We seldom get up at four in the morning. = Seldom do we get up at four in the morning. Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.
高中英语语法教案-倒装句 1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1） here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如： Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。 Here is your letter. 你的信。 2）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如： Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。 Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如： Here he comes. 他来了。 Away they went. 他们走开了。 2 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如： Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn\'t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1）Why can\'t I smoke here? At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
Compiled by Ma Junqi 倒装句 英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前，这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时 出于强调或某种特殊的语法结构的需要，需要将谓语动词放在主语之前，这种语 序则叫倒装语序。按倒装的形式，倒装可分为两类，一是完全倒装，二是部分倒 装。完全倒装是指全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是指只把助动词、情态动词或 be 动词放在主语之前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后。 一、完全倒装 1. 用于there be 句型。 例： There are many students in the classroom. 原句自然顺序是：M any students are there in the classroom. ★2. 表示地点的here 和 there 位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通 常是动词be 和 come, go 等表示移动或动态的不及物动词， 动词 (表示存在 )。 例： Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。以 及 stand, lie, live 等表示状态的 There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。 There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。 注意：若主语为人称代词，则不倒装。如： Here you are. 这就是你要的东西。（给你。） Here it comes. 它来了。 ★3. 表示方向的副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全 倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。 Out rushed the puppy. 小狗冲了出去。 Away went the girl. 那个女孩走远了。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。 注：若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装。如： In he comes. 他走了进来。 Down it came. 它掉了下来。 ★4. 表示时间或顺序的副词now, then 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。如：
倒装句的高考考点： 全部倒装: 1. 在以here、there、now、then、off、away等副词开头的句子里。 2. 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。 部分倒装 1、Only+状语位于句首时 2.否定副词或短语位于句首时 3、as引导的让步状语从句 4、So\ Neither\ Nor 位于句首时 5、特殊句式 6、在省去if的虚拟条件从句中 倒装句 倒装是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要，分为完全倒装和部分倒装。 A．Here comes the car.（全部倒装） 全部倒装：只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。 Away went the boy. B. Never have I seen this kind of car. (部分倒装) 部分倒装：be/助动词/情态动词提前到主语的前面。 一.完全倒装
There goes the bell. 铃响了 Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了 Away went the boy. 那个男孩走开了。 Out rushed the children. 小孩子冲了出来。 1.以here, there, now, then等副词或out, in, up, down, away等表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首以示强调，句子要全部倒装，谓语动词常用come,go, be, lie,run,rush等。 2. 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时 A beautiful lake lies at the foot of the hill At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. 注意：在上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则主、谓不需要倒装。In he came and back he went again. Away he went . 二.部分倒装 把be/助动词/情态动词提前到主语的前面 Is am are was were（be动词）do does did（助动词）can could would may will might（情态动词）等 1.only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时, 要进行部分倒装. Only then did I realize the importance of learning English. Only after he came back was I able to see him. 注：only修饰主语，仍用自然语序，如：Only socialism can save
倒装倒装 定义: 在英语中，一般来讲主语在前，谓语在后，称为“陈述语序”。 但有时由于语法结构的需要或为了强调，却把谓语的全部或者 一部分提到主语的前面，这种语序称为“倒装语序”。可分为： 全倒装：Here comes the bus. 半倒装：Do you like music? 一、全倒装 1、特殊疑问句中 eg: Where is my bag? What is your name? 2、there be 句型中 eg: There are many students in the classroom. 3、表达方位、时间的副词如：here/ there/ out/ in/ up/ down/ away/ off/ now/ then等放于句首时 eg: Here comes the bus. Out rushed the children. Now comes your turn. 但主语为人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变，即不使用倒装 Here it is. Away she went. 4、作地点状语的介词短语放于句首时 eg: On the top of the mountain stood an old temple. 5、so/neither/nor放在句首时，表示前面的情况也适用于后者 eg: He can speak English. So can I. She can’t answer the question. Neither/Nor can I.
6、直接引语的一部分或者全部放于句首时 eg: “Happy new year!” said Mary. 但主语为人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变，即不使用倒装 “The same to you.” I answered. 7、表语提前放在句首，或为了保持句子的平衡，将表语提前，句 式结构作出适当的调整 eg: Present at the meeting were professor Li. Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. Among the speakers was China’s then president Zhu Rongji, who struggled the need for equality and fairness in the world. 二、半倒装 1、一般疑问句中 eg: Is this your pen? Are you a student? 2、在表示祝愿的祈使句中 eg: May you succeed. 3、only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放于句首时，主句使 用半倒装 eg: Only by changing the way that we live can we save the earth. 4、含有否定意义的副词或连词如：hardly/never/not/little等放于句 首时 eg: Never have I realized that water is so precious. 5、not only…but also…连接并列分句时，前一分句要使用半倒装， 而后一分句不变 eg: Not only is he good at sports, but (also) he also does well in lessons.
一、倒装句的定义 主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序：一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序(Natural Order)/陈述语序；二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序(Inverted Order)。为了强调、突出等语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。 中文例子： 还行吧这样 可以吧我觉得 我认识他好像 想啥呢刚才 吃饭了嘛你 可以的他 倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种： 1、全部倒装 谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装。 a.用于there be 句型. There is a bus coming b. 用于“ here （there, now, then ）＋不及物动词＋主语”的句型中,或以in, out, up, down, away 等副词开头的句子里,以表示强调. 注意： （1 ）主语是代词时,主语和谓语不倒装. （2 ）here , there 放在句首通常用一般现在时. There comes the bus. c. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组. d. 表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”： （1 ）形容词＋连系动词＋主语 Present at the meeting were Mr Li, Mr Wang and many other teachers. Mr Li, Mr Wang and many other teachers were present at the meeting 出席会议的有李老师、王老师和其他很多老师. （2 ）过去分词＋连系动词＋主语 Gone are the days when we used foreign oil. The days when we used foreign oil are gone. The days are gone when we used foreign oil. 我们使用洋油的日子一去不复返了. （3 ）介词短语＋be ＋主语 Among the goods are books, exercise-books, pens and some other things. 在所有的货物中有书、练习册、钢笔和其他东西. e. 用于so, neither , nor 开头的句子,表示重复前句的部分内容.原句的谓语应与前句的谓语的时态、形式相一致. S he can’t speak French neither. Neither can she speak French.