牛津高中英语语法复习（模块1-模块4）
语法复习五：情态动词
1 情态动词的语法特征
1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
2 比较can 和be able to
1）can could 表示能力；可能(过去时用could),
只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2）只用be able to
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
注意：could不表示时态
1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。
--- Could I have the television on?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.
2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是坏人。
3 比较may和might
1）表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。
May God bless you!
He might be at home.
注意：might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2）成语：may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为"不妨"。
If that is the case, we may as well try.
典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must
B. may
C. can
D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。
4 比较have to和must
1)两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.
3）在否定结构中：don't have to表示"不必"
mustn't表示"禁止"，
You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
5 must表示推测
1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。
2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较：
He must be staying there.
他现在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there.
他必须呆在那。
3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call?
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.
5) 否定推测用can't。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
6 表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：
1）情态动词+动词原形。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3）情态动词+动词完成时。
表示对过去情况的推测。
We would have finished this work by the end of next December.
明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。
7 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2)must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。
--- Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
---She must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4) needn't have done sth本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
8 should 和ought to
should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思，可用于各种人称。
---Ought he to go?
---Yes. I think he ought to.
表示要求，命令时，语气由should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。
9 had better表示"最好"
had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sth
had better not do sth
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.
She'd better not play with the dog.
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。
You had better have come earlier.
10 would rather表示"宁愿"
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather…than…宁愿……而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.
典型例题
---- Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___ do?
A. do you rather
B. would you rather
C. will you rather
D. should you rather
答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿"，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。
11 will和would
注意：
1）would like；Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。
Would you like to go with me?
2）Will you…?Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
Would you like some cake?
3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down?
12 情态动词的回答方式
问句肯定回答否定回答
Need you…?Yes, I must.No,I needn't
Must you…?/don't have to.
典型例题
1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course, you____.
A. might
B. will
C. can
D. should
答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和may来表达，不能用could或might。复习：will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。
2）---Shall I tell John about it?
---No, you ___. I've told him already.
A. needn't
B. wouldn't
C. mustn't
D. shouldn't
答案A。needn't 不必，不用。wouldn't 将不, 不会的。mustn't 禁止、不能。shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。
3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
A. I don't
B.I won't
C. I can't
D. I haven't
答案B.will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心"，本题表示决心，选B。
13 带to 的情态动词
带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：
Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
You ought not to have told her all about it.
Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。
典型例题
Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A.have told
B.tell
C.be telling
D. having told
答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词ought to 后，所以用have。
14 比较need和dare
这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1) 实义动词：need（需要, 要求）
need + n. / to do sth
2) 情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。
Need you go yet?
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.
3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：
need doing = need to be done
Module 4 Unit 1 写出下列单词： 1.福利 2.清白的，无罪的；无恶意的；纯真的 3.气息；呼吸 4.治愈；解决 5.药物，疗法；对策 6.评价，评论 7.心理的，思想的精神的；智力的 8.骗局；戏法，把戏；玩笑，恶作剧；诀窍 9.以。。。为目标；瞄准，目的，目标 10.设计；图案，花样 11.便宜货；协议，讨价还价 12.意外收获；奖金，额外津贴 13.精致的，奢华的，绚丽的 14.空想、幻想、爱好、迷恋 15.咨询，请教 16.有吸引力；呼吁，恳请 17.敦促，力劝；竭力主张 18.做广告，宣传（vt）___________广告活动，广告业（n）_________ 广告；广告宣传（n）___________广告商____________ 19.说服，劝说v________ n.________有说服力的adj_________ 20.推广，宣传；促销；促进，推动v._________ n.__________ 21.使受益于；得益于vt.________ n.__________ 22.确定，查明；决定；裁决v__________ n. _________ adj.有决心的_________ 23.分析，分析结果n_______ vt_________ 重点词组： 24.aim to _______________ 25.fall out _______________ 26.play tricks on _______________ 27.deal with _______________ 28.end up with _______________ 29.up to _______________ 30.work out _______________ 31.appeal to_______________ 32.be concerned about _______________ 33.get across_______________ 34.put together _______________ 35.die of _______________ 36.even if _______________ 单词拼写 1.There are no _____便宜货in the clothes shops at the moment. 2.Environmental groups launched a _______ 运动against the widespread production of genetically modified crops .
创 作编号： GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者： 凤呜大王* M3U1 1. n. 听力，听觉 ____________________ 2. adj. 凸起的 ____________________ 3. n. 点；小圆点 ____________________ 4. n.符号；标志；迹象 ____________________ 5. vt.使糊涂，使迷惑 ____________________ 6. n.花瓶 ____________________ 7. n.雾 ____________________ 8. n.薄雾；水汽 ________________ 9. vt.&n. 预报，预测 ___________________ 10. n.(公交车)售票员；（乐 队）指挥 ___________________ 11. n.车费 ____________________ 12. adj.有雾的；雾茫茫的 _________________ 13. vt.观察；注意到；评论 ________________ 14. n.长大衣 ____________________ 15. vi&n.瞥一眼，匆匆看 _________________ 16. adv.无处，到处都不 __________________ 17. n.脚步（声）____________________ 18. adv.&conj.无论哪里________________ 19. 看得到，在视力范围之内________________ 20. Adj.狭窄的 ____________________ 21. Vt.& n.靠近；接近；方法； 路径 ____________________ 22. 盼望；企盼 ____________________ 23. n.黑暗 ____________________ 24. vi.犹豫；迟疑不决 ___________________ 25. 伸出（手） ____________________ 26. Vt.抓紧；抓牢 ____________________ 27. vi.凝视，盯着看 ____________________ 28. n.胡须，络腮胡子 ____________________ 29. 留心；密切注意 ____________________ 30. n.十字路口 ____________________ 31. adj.焦虑的；忧虑的 __________________
牛津高中英语模块4 Unit1 advertising 做广告；广告活动；广告业 airline 航空公司 drug 毒品；药；药物 shine 光亮，光泽 shampoo 洗发液advertisement 广告；广告宣传persuade 说服，劝服，使信服be meant to 目的是，旨在welfare 幸福，福利 cheat 欺骗；作弊 Skillful 有技巧的 even if/though 虽然 innocent 清白的，无罪的breath 气息，呼吸 bad breath 口臭 fool 欺骗，愚弄 cure 治愈；解决 grocery 杂货店 pleased 高兴 comment 评论，评价 mental 心理的；思想的；精神的；智力的 fall for 上..的当，受。。。的骗trick 骗局，玩笑，恶作剧 piay tricks on 欺骗；捉弄 aim 以,,为目标 nationwide 全国性的campaign 运动 deal with 涉及 motto 座右铭；格言cigarette 香烟；卷烟 benefit 使受益；得益于promote 推广；传销；促进intelligence 智力；才智；情报slave 奴隶；完全受。。。控制的人 consult 咨询；请教comprehension 理解力 latest 最新的 best-seller 畅销书 amazed 大为惊奇recommend 推荐 publisher 出版社 senior 毕业年级的 purchase 购买 designer 设计者 software 软件 tip 建议 eye-catching 引人注目的 logo 标识 slogan 标语 corporation 公司 bar 条 multiply 成倍增加 design 设计 update 更新 youth 年轻人 aspect 方面 cd 光盘 recipe 烹饪法 yummy 味道好的 bargain 便宜货 bonus 意外收获 fancy 精致的 figure out 弄清楚 media 大众传媒 poster 海报 target 目标 determine确定 analysis 分析 appeal 有吸引力的 appeal to 吸引 react 做出反应 personally 个别的 Get across 把…表达清楚 anti-smoking 反对吸烟 packet 小包 poisonous 有毒的 lung 肺 cancer 癌症 smoker 吸烟者 fingernail 手指甲 urge 督促 tobacco 烟草 essay 小品文 shock 文章 die from 死于… Unit2 committee 委员会 Delighted 愉快的 significance 重要性 Olympia 奥林匹亚 Greece 希腊 wrestling 摔跤运动 tradition 传统,风俗 compete 比赛，竞争 honour 尊敬,荣幸 in honour of为向….表示敬意 male 男性 nation 国家,民族 contemporary 现代的,当代的 well-known 著名的 boxer 拳击手,拳击运动员 medal 奖牌,奖章 heavyweight 重量级拳击手 boxing 拳击运动 championship 锦标赛 flame 火焰 opening 开幕式,小孔 absence 缺席,不在场 excite 使激动,使兴奋 hurdle 跨栏,难关 lead the way 领先 gymnastics 体操 champion 冠军，优胜者 hang on 坚持 final 最后的，最终的 joy 喜悦，欢乐 attempt 尝试，努力 boundary 边界，界限 movement 社会运动，移动 nest 鸟巢，巢穴 torch 火炬 stadium 体育场 pass something on 转交 roof 屋顶 transport 交通运输系统 citizen 公民 vest 背心 underwear 内衣 kettle 壶
Unit 4 Public transport Welcome to the unit phr v to begin to sleep She kept dropping off at her desk. I must have dropped off to sleep . drop sb/sth?off to take someone or something to a place by car and leave them there on your way to another place I'll drop you off on my way home. to fall to a lower level or amount The number of graduates going into teaching has dropped off sharply. Reading 2.Because it linked with other lines at almost every station, making the system more user-friendly. 3.He is the architect that designed many of the stations between 1918 and 1938. Many of the railway tracks did not go into the London city centre, so buses were required. This increased traffic on the road. The underground system transported more people without increasing traffic on the road. 2.The carriages did not have windows and were pulled by steam engines through narrow tunnels. 3.He bought many of the different lines and set up the Underground Group. 4.It has functioned as a bomb shelter, an aeroplane factory, anti-aircraft centre, meeting rooms for the government administration. 5.More lines were added because more people traveled on the underground. 6.It means that many of the lines are linked at many stations. Therefore, it is very convenient for riders to go to different places in the city from any station.
2012牛津高中英语模块四词汇表Unit 1 advertising n. 做广告；广告活动；广告业 airline n. 航空公司 drug n. 毒品；药，药物 shine n. 光亮，光泽 shampoo n. 洗发精，洗发香波 advertisement n.（ad）广告；广告宣传 persuade vt. 说服，劝说；使信服 advertise vt. & vi. 做广告，宣传 be meant to 旨在，目的是 welfare n. （个体或群体的）幸福、安全和健康；福利 cheat vt. & vi. 欺骗；作弊 n. 骗子；欺诈行为 skilful adj. 有技巧的；熟练的 even if / though 虽然，即使 innocent adj. 清白的，无罪的；无恶意的；纯真的 breath n. 气息；呼吸 bad breath n. 口臭 fool vt. 欺骗，愚弄 n. 傻瓜 cure vt. 治愈；解决 n. 药物，疗法；对策 grocery n. 杂货店 pleased adj. 高兴，满意；乐于（做某事） comment n. 评论，评价 vi. 评论，议论 mental adj . 心理的；思想的，精神的；智力的 fall for 上……的当，受……的骗 trick n. 骗局；玩笑，恶作剧；戏法，把戏；诀窍 vt. 欺骗，欺诈 play trick on 欺骗，欺诈 aim vt. & vi. 以……为目标；瞄准 n. 目的，目标 nationwide adj. & adv. 全国范围的（地），全国性的（地）campaign n. 运动（为了某种目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动）deal with 涉及，关于；处理，应付 motto n. 座右铭；格言，箴言 cigarette n.香烟，卷烟 benefit vt. & vi. 使受益；得益于 n. 益处；救济金；奖金 promote vt. 推广，宣春；促销；促进，推动
高中牛津英语模块五英译汉Unit 1 1.betray 2.quiz 3.pretend 4.cheerful 5.washroom 6.admit 7.beg 8.swear 9.spy 10.spy on 11.truly 12.forgive 13.sincerely 14.childhood 15.superb 16.focus 17.pace 18.keep pace with 19.manner 20.horrible 21.guilty 22.cruel 23.remark 24.dislike 25.argue 26.awkward 27.apologize 28.quarrel 29.sensitive 30.athletic 31.envy 32.blame 33.gifted 34.disagreement 35.before long 36.mailbox 37.algebra 38.arithmetic 39.Easter 40.amusement 41.amusement park 42.circus 43.identity 44.absurd 45.hopeless 46.overcome 47.get through 48.acquaintance 49.twin 50.apartment 51.topic 52.attitude
53.anchor 54.be based on 55.cautious 56.eager 57.worldwide 58.adolescent 59.respond 60.pause 61.regardless 62.regardless of 63.security 64.end up 65.waiting room 66.rely 67.rely on 68.trolleybus 69.revision 70.thanks to https://www.doczj.com/doc/533305138.html,mitted 72.mercy 73.apology Unit 2 1.spokeswoman 2.consultant 3.debate 4.open the floor 5.flow 6.duty 7.cut back on 8.production 9.recycle 10.pipe 11.greedy 12.businessman 13.responsibility 14.belief 15.environmental 16.operate 17.credit 18.quantity 19.raw 20.raw material 21.seafood 22.willing 23.tax 24.goods 25.pump https://www.doczj.com/doc/533305138.html,e up 27.run out (of) 28.madam 29.arrival 30.clean up 31.arrest 32.illegally
1 牛津高中英语模块五词汇表 Unit1 betray出卖，背叛 quiz小测验 pretend假装；装扮 cheerful愉快的，高兴的washroom洗手间，厕所 admit承认；允许进入 beg请求，恳求；乞讨 swear发誓；郑重承诺 spy从事间谍活动 spy on暗中监视，窥探 truly真诚地，诚恳的 forgive原谅，宽恕 sincerely真诚地childhood童年，幼年 superb极佳的；卓越的 focus集中注意力于…… pace速度；步伐；节奏 keep pace with(与……)步调一致 manner方式；态度，举止 circus马戏表演；马戏团identity身份 absurd荒唐的，怪诞的hopeless没有好转希望的 overcome克服，解决 get through(用电话)接通acquaintance泛泛之交，熟人twin双胞胎之一的apartment公寓套房 topic话题
attitude态度，看法 anchor扎根于，使基于 be based on以……为基础，以……为根据 cautious小心的，谨慎的eager热切的，急不可待的worldwide全世界的adolescent青春期的respond做出反应，回应pause停顿，暂停 regardless不顾；不管怎样regardless of不管，不顾security平安，安全 end up最终处于 waiting room候车室；等候室 rely依靠，依赖rely on依靠，依赖 trolleybus无轨电车 revision复习；修订 thanks to幸亏；由于 committed尽心尽力的 mercy宽恕；仁慈 apology道歉 Unit2 spokeswoman女发言人 consultant顾问 debate辩论；争论 open the floor自由发言flow流，流动 duty责任，义务 cut back on减少，削减，缩减 production产量；生产
4模块Unit1 Advertising 重点短语 1. be aware of 知道，明白，意识到 I want you to be aware of the sItuatIon before It effects you. 我希望在情况影响你前,你能察觉到。 2. play tricks on 欺骗，捉弄 I'll give him play tricks on me, the low-down thing! He'll go straight down to the police station! 这狗东西，在我跟前使巧，送他公安局去！ 3. believe in 信任，相信 4. be bored with 对……感到厌倦 5. appeal to迎合，对……有吸引力 Blue and red appeal to me, but I don’t like Gray or yellow 蓝色和红色投我所好然而我不喜欢灰色和黄色。 6. trick sb into doing sth诱使某人做某事 7. be satisfied with 对……感到满意 Think about the misforture of others that you may be satisfied with your own lot 想想别人的不幸,你可以对自己的命运感到满足 8. be used to对……习以为常，习惯于 There are a few verbs which fit into both groups and a hyphenmay be used to show the distinction 还有一些动词适合于上述两种情况,可用连接号表示这种区别 9. fall for 上……的当，受……骗 I can't believe you would fall FOR that old trick. 我不相信你会上那老把戏的当。 10. deal with 处理，对付 Appoint an ad hoc committee to deal with the affair 指定一特别委员会处理此事. 11. commit suicide/a crime 自杀/犯罪 12. be intended for 为……而打算 13. be concerned with 对……关心 Evidently, there is another motion to be concerned with and that is the propagation of the modulation envelope 显然，还应当考虑另外一种运动，那就是调制包络的传播。 14. get sth across 传达 15. be particular about 对……挑剔 16. soft drink 软饮料 17. come up with 提出，拿出 The company HAS come up with a new acousto-optical device 这家公司已制造出一种新的声光装置。 18. according to 根据 Gasoline now costs an average of $3.15 a gallon, seven cents shy of the record set last May, according to AAA. 据美国汽车协会的数据，汽油现在的平均价格是每加仑3.15美元，仅比去年五月的记录低了七美分。 19. agree with sb. on sth.同意某人的意见 20.hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
英文中文记忆方法 advertising & n. 做广告；广告活动；广告业 airline n. 航空公司air 空气，空运 +line 直线→航 空系统，航线 , drug n. 毒品；药，药物 shine n. 光亮，光泽 shampoo n. 洗发精，洗发香波& advertisement n.（ad）广告；广告宣传advertise广告 +ment 表名词→ 广告 persuade ( vt. 说服，劝说；使信服 per 贯穿，自始至终 +suade 劝 →一直劝→劝说 advertise vt. & vi. 做广告，宣传ad 一再 +vert 】 be meant to旨在，目的是 welfare n. （个体或群体的）幸福、安wel=well 满意的 +fare 旅行→ 全和健康；福利: 旅行满意的→幸福 cheat vt. & vi. 欺骗；作弊 n. 骗子； 欺诈行为 skilful } adj. 有技巧的；熟练的 even if / though虽然，即使 innocent adj. 清白的，无罪的；无恶意in 无+noc 伤害，毒 +ent 形容 ）的；纯真的词后缀→无害的breath n. 气息；呼吸 bad breath n. 口臭* fool vt. 欺骗，愚弄 n. 傻瓜 cure 】 vt. 治愈；解决cur 关心+e→治愈，治疗，医n. 药物，疗法；对策治；补救 grocery n. 杂货店 < pleased adj. 高兴，满意；乐于（做某pleas=please高兴 +ed 形容词 事）后缀→高兴的 comment n. 评论，评价~ com 共同 +ment 思考，神志→ vi. 评论，议论共同思考→ 评论 mental adj . 心理的；思想的，精神ment 思考，神智 +al 表形容
牛津高中英语模块五 Unit 3 Science versus nature Reading –The Perfect Copy(1)教学设计与思考 Ⅰ.Teaching Aims and Demands A. Knowledge 1.Enable the students to get some information about cloning. 2.Enable the students to learn some different opinions on cloning. 3.Help the students to learn how to understand scientific terms and analyze the passage according to the reading strategy. B. Feelings and Attitudes 1.Get the students to form the right attitudes towards the advanced technologies. 2.We should make good use of the advanced technologies to make our life better and better. C. Ability 1.Develop the students’ cooperation spirit. 2.Let students get some reading skills about scientific articles. Ⅱ.Teaching importances and difficulties. 1.Talk about cloning and human cloning. 2.How to describe the advantages and disadvantages of human cloning. Ⅲ.Teaching procedures and ways Step1 Lead-in 1 Ask the students to share the information collected about cloning before class. 2 Brief introduction about cloning and the fierce debates between scientists. (设计目的与意义：让学生对克隆技术有一个大概的了解，培养学生搜集资料、处理信息的能力。同时，通过图片、视频等方式简单介绍背景信息，活跃课堂气氛，并快速进入课堂主题。) Step2 Fast reading 1 Read the passage fast and answer the following questions. 1) Does the article give an anti- or pro-cloning point of view, or both? (Both) 2) What was the name of the first cloned mammal? (Dolly) 2 Read the first and the last paragraphs to answer the following questions . 1) What’s the first paragraph about? 2) What’s the last paragraph about? 3) What’s the passage about? Keys:!)Scientists’ success in cloning caused much debate. 2)China’s achievements on cloning.3)Different opinions about cloning. (设计目的与意义：培养学生快速把握文章脉络，理解文章大意，提高获取信息的能力以及有关阅读科技类文章的技巧。) Step3 Careful reading 1 Read the passage carefully and decide which of the following statements are Tor F. 1) People all over the world are happy about the idea of cloning human beings. 2)Dolly is exactly the same as other sheep. 3) A Scottish doctor created Dolly.
Unit1 Reading Nowadays, we can find advertisements almost wherever we go. We are so used to them that we often do not even realize how many we see and hear in a day. I did some research on advertisements, and have some very important information to share with you. What is an advertisement? An advertisement uses words and pictures to persuade people to buy a product or service, or to believe in an idea. Newspapers, magazines, the Internet, radio and television are the most common places to find them. There are two main types of advertisements—commercial advertisements and public service advertisements (PSAs). A commercial advertisement is one which someone has paid for to advertise a product or service. PSAs are often run for free, and are meant to educate people about health, safety, or any other problem that affects public welfare. Does an advertisement tell people the complete truth? There are laws to protect people from advertisements that cheat people. However, we still must be aware of the skilful methods used in ads to try and sell us things. Even if an ad does not lie, it does not mean it is altogether innocent. One toothpaste ad declares, 'Bright-Teeth fights bad breath!' This statement tries to fool you into assuming that the toothpaste cures bad breath, yet it does not say that! All it says is that it fights it, and that is not the same thing at all. One grocery tells customers, 'You are proud of your cooking, so shouldn’t you buy the very freshest food?' This ad is very clever, because it tells customers they are good cooks. However, it never says that this grocery has the freshest food! The grocery just hopes that when you read the ad, you will feel pleased with the nice comment, remember the words ‘freshest food1, and make a mental connection with the food in the grocery. We must not fall 25 for this kind of trick! Public service advertisements Not all ads play tricks on us though. PSAs use some of the same methods, like attractive pictures and clever language, but they are made to serve the public. PSAs aim to teach us and help us lead better lives. Our government understands 30 this and has been using PSAs to educate people for many years. China began a nationwide public service advertising campaign in 1996, and since then various types of PSAs have appeared around the country. You have probably seen or heard some of them yourself, such as, ‘Yes to life, no to drugs' and ‘Knowledge changes life，. These ads deal with widespread social concerns. There are also PSAs that 35 encourage people to support public service projects, such as Project Hope. Its motto is Project Hope—educating every child'. There are even PSAs to teach us how to live healthy lives. One of these is, 'When you smoke cigarettes, you are slowly killing yourself.’ All of these ads are meant to benefit the public, and you can often learn a lot by following the advice they give. Finally, I wish to tell you this: think about why you should do the things the ad suggests, or
模块四词汇表 Unit 1 1.做广告，广告活动，广告业 2.航空公司 3.毒品，药，药物 4.光亮，光泽 5.洗发精，洗发香波 6.广告，广告宣传 7.说服,劝说，使信服 8.做广告，宣传 9.旨在，目的是 10.幸福，安全和健康，福利 11.欺骗，作弊，骗子，欺诈行为 12.有技巧的，熟练的 13.虽然，即使 14.清白的，无罪的，无恶意的，纯真的 15.气息，呼吸 16.口臭 17.欺骗，愚弄，傻瓜 18.治愈，解决，药物，疗法，对策 19.杂货店 20.高兴，满意，乐于 21.评论，评价，议论 22.心理的，思想的，精神的，智力的 23.上…的当,受…的骗 1
24.骗局，玩笑，恶作剧，戏法，把戏，诀窍，欺骗，欺诈 25.欺骗，捉弄 26.以…为目标，瞄准，目的，目标 27.全国范围的，全国性的 28.运动(为了某种目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动) 29.涉及,关于,处理,应付 30.座右铭,格言，箴言 31.香烟，卷烟 32.使受益，得益于，益处，救济金，奖金 33.推广,宣传，促销;促进，推动 34.智力，才智,情报 35.完全受…控制的人;奴隶 36.咨询;请教 37.理解力，领悟能力；理解练习 38.最新的 39.畅销书；畅销品 40.大为惊奇 41.推荐；建议，劝告；介绍 42.出版社，出版机构；出版人，发行人 43.(高中或大学)毕业年级的；级别(或地位)高的； 高年级学生，毕业班；学生；上司；年纪较长的人 44.购买；采购；购买的东西 45.设计者，设计师 46.软件 47.建议,提示；顶端，末梢；小费；倾斜，倾覆；给小费 2
48.引人注目的 49.(公司或机构)标识，标志,徽标 50.标语；口号 51.(大)公司 52.条，棒；酒吧 53.成倍增加，迅速增加；乘，乘以 54.设计 55.更新；提供最新信息；使现代化 56.年轻人，青年；青年时期；青春，朝气 57.方面；层面 58.光盘，激光唱片 59.烹饪法；食谱 60.味道好的，好吃的 61.便宜货；协议；讨价还价 62.意外收获；奖金 63.精致的；绚丽的；奢华的；空想，幻想；爱好，迷恋；想象；猜想 64.弄清楚，弄懂；计算出 65.大众传播媒介，大众传播工具 66.海报 67.目标；靶子；瞄准；以…为目标 68.确定，查明；决定；裁决 69.分析，分析结果 70.有吸引力；呼吁，恳请；吸引力；恳求 71.吸引,引起兴趣；呼吁 72.做出反应,回应 3
31. M5U1. Reading (1)—Secrets and lies Dear Annie, I feel betrayed by my friend Hannah. We have been best friends since primary school and spend almost every day with each other. Sometimes, other children say we are no fun because we are both very academic and like to study, but we like it that way. We are both very hard-working and always get good grades at school. On Monday, we had a surprise math quiz. I thought it was quite easy and was not worried about the results. I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade. The next day after class, my math teacher told me that I had the lowest grade in the class! I felt so ashamed; I must be really stupid to fail a simple math quiz! Afterwards, I pretended to be cheerful, but Hannah sensed something was wrong. We went to wash our hands in the girls’ washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done. I begged her not to tell anyone else, and she said she would keep my secret. However, the next day, I noticed that my classmates were staring at me as I came into math class and, when I went to
M1 U1 School Life 一、词汇大集合 I. 单词 1. attend出席,参加 2. assembly集会，会议 3. earn获得，赚，赚得 4. respect尊敬 5. achieve取得，实现 6. grade学分，年级，等级 7. literature文学 8.average一般的，平均的 9. challenging具有挑战性的 10. lunchtime午餐时间 11. e-mail电子邮件，给．．．发电子邮件 12. title（书的）名称，题目 13. extra额外的，外加的 14. cooking做饭，烹饪 15. prepare准备 16. drop放弃 17. Spanish西班牙语 18. German德语，德国人 19. miss思念，想念 20. dessert（餐后的）甜点 21. field运动场，操场 22. experience经历，体验 23. article文章 24. penfriend笔友 25. introduce介绍 26. immediately立刻，马上 27. former从前的，以前的28. recently最近，近来 29. culture文化 30. develop培养，养成 31. photograph照片，相片 32. donate捐献，捐赠 33. gift赠品，礼物 34. display陈列，展览 35. kindness好意，善意 36. guest客人，来宾 37. speech演说，演讲 38. flat套房 39. bookcase书橱，书柜 40.please使满意，取悦 41. attention注意，关注 42. cover（书的）封面，盖子 43. recent新近的，最近的 44. professor教授 45. regret遗憾，后悔，惋惜 46. inform通知，告知 47. run管理，经营 48. host主持人，主人，东道主 49. approve批准，通过，赞成 50. broadcast广播，播放 51. preparation准备，筹备 52. close亲密的，靠近的 53.outing短途旅行，远足 54. continue继续，持续 55. poet诗人 56. generation一代，一代人 57. select选择，挑选 58. require要求，需要