一、重点语法解析
Past now
Yesterday , we Now , the classroom
cleaned the classroom. is clean because
we have cleaned it.
1. My father bought many books for me yesterday .
Now , I have a lot to read because
________________________________
2. I saw this film last week.
Now, I know this film because I_____________________.
3. I did my homework yesterday.
Now, I can give it to the teacher because I______________
Past now
I began to teach I have taught English at this English at this school five school for five years.
years ago.
1. I am a doctor. I began to work when I was 2
2.Now , I am 26. I
________ for four years.
2. We went to the USA last Monday. Today is Monday . We _________
(stay) in the USA since last Monday.
1、现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或so far，now，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990，last Sunday 等）。例如：
He has studied English for 5 years.
He has studied English since 2001.
Now I have finished the work.
注意：表过去某一时间发生的动作或状态一直延续到现在（强调现在），动作或状态一般是延续性的，因此要用表延续性的动词或表状态的动词。表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。也不能用于how long引导的疑问句中。
如不能说：He has borrowed the book for two months.(ⅹ)
但可以说：He has kept the book for 2 months.
或：It has been 2 months since he borrowed the book.
或：Two months has passed since he borrowed the book.
这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。
become—be borrow—keep buy—have
begin (start)—be on open—be open die—be dead
leave--be away come--be here/in go out—be out
join--be a member/be in begin to study--study
注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态：
I haven’t bo ught anything for two days.
2、现在完成时的结构：have / has + 过去分词
否定结构：haven’t / hasn’t + 过去分词
一般疑问句中：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词
3、一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即
动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。
I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月
去的。
1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现
在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语
连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如
live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
举例：
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道
了。）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
二、动词的过去分词的规则变化
2、不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律：
AAA：cost-cost-cost read-read-read
put-put-put cut-cut-cut
let-let-let set-set-set
beat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid
注：原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。
特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。
ABA（含规则动词）：有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:
run-ran-run come-came-come
become-became-become overcome-overcame-overcome ABB（含规则动词）：1.另有一些其它形式的变化。
have (has)-had-had leave-left-left
lose-lost-lost make-made-made
feel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood
2. 改变单词中间元音字母。
sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-won
shine-shone-shone hold-held-held
find-found-found hear-heard-heard
hang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)
ABC：有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。
take-took-taken give-gave-given
fall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eaten
write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spoken
freeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden
get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)
特殊：
am/is-was-been are-were-been,
do (does)-did-done go-went-gone
see-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed)
lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied)
三、重难点词汇精讲
1.Have you ever been to an amusement park?
have been to ...
have been to + 地点：去过某地（已回）
have been to表示“到(去)过某处”，现在已不在那个地方。
如：He has been to England．他曾到过英国。(现在已经不在英国了) Have you ever been to the Great Wall？你到过长城吗?（现在已经不在长城上）
have gone to + 地点：去了某地（未回）
have gone to表示“去了某处”，“到某处去了”，现在已不在说话的地点了。
如：He has gone to England。
他已去英国了。(已经不在说话的地方，到达英国或者在去英国的路上)
2、ever, never, already, yet, still
1)ever常用于否定句、疑问句中。
ever常用于现在完成时中。
ever用于强化比较级和最高级。
What's the best gift you have ever received?
ever since：自那时起
The shop has been open ever since.
forever：永远的（地）
2）★never：从不
-Have you ever been to an amusement park?
-No, never.
★already：已经（肯）
-- yet：已经，还（否、疑）
He has already been to Beijing twice.
He hasn't been to Beijing yet.
--Have you been to Beijing yet?
--No, not yet.
★still：仍然，还；常用于肯定句中
3、neither
(1) Neither Jenny nor I own a car.
(2) Leon neither drinks nor smokes.
(3) My husband doesn’t want to see a
movie tonight, and neither do I.
(4) A: Which of the dresses did you like?
B: Neither of them.
(5) A: I haven’t seen that movie.
B: I haven’t ，either.
( Neither have I. )
( Me, neither )
neither... nor ...；either ... or ...；not only ..., but also ...连接两个并列结构,句型中使用就近原则，both ... and ...句型中，谓语动词用复数形式。
--I do n't like this dress.
--Neither do I. -- 我也不喜欢。(I don't like this dress, either)
I haven’t been to an amusement park.
Me, neither.(对应：Me, too.)
=I have n't been to an amusement park, either.(not... either = neither)
=Neither have I.
If you can't solve it, neither can he. (He can't solve it, either.)
I am not interested in it, neither is he. (He is not interested in it, either.)
练：If you don't help me, neither ___ others.
4、neither, nor, so引导的倒装句：
1)句式：
Neither/Nor/So + 助动词/be动词/情态动词+ 主语. 表示“...也/也不”。
Neither do I. = Nor do I. --我也不。
So do I. --我也是。
So + 主语+ 助动词/be动词/情态动词. 表“确实如此”，用于同意上文中的对方的观点。-- It is a nice day.
-- So it is. --它确实是个好天气。
三、综合练习
一、单项选择
1、He_______ to Canada, so you can’t see him recently.
A have been to
B have gone to
C has been to
D has gone to
2、I have been to America, so_____ he.
A did
B have
C has
D does
3、London has ever hosted the modern Olympics Paris .
A. So does
B. So has
C. Nor does
D. Neither has
4、Neither of the two boys ________ from the USA.
A. come
B. don’t come
C. comes
D. doesn’t come
5、I have not been to America, _____ has he.
A so
B neither
C and
D but
6、Her grandfather ______ for two years.
A. died
B. has died
C. has been dead
D. has been died
7、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _________what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
8、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
9、Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
10、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
11、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
12、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study
Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
13、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. Knew
14、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
15、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go
Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
16、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
17、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
18、—Do you know him well ?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
19、—How long have you ____ here ?
—About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
20、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun
Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
21、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
22、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
历年中考重现：
1．I_______ a letter from him since he left．（天津市） A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard
2．—Where have you _______ these days？—I have_____ to Dazhu with my friends．（重庆市）
A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone
3．How long have you _______ this book？（哈尔滨市）A．bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent
4．—Where's Peter？—He _______ to Nanjing．（沈阳市） A．is going B．has been C．has gone D．went
5．You've never seen such a wonderful film before，_______ ？（河北省）
A．haven't you B．have you C．do you D．don't you 6．We have lived here _______ five years ago．（河南省） A．when B．since C．before D．after
7．—How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？
—Oh，I _______ such a beautiful city．（江西省）A．don't visit B．didn't visit C．haven't visited D．hadn't visited
8．The old people _______ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week．（广州市）
A．don't feel B．hasn't felt C．haven't felt D．didn't feel 9．My grandfather_______ in the small town all his life．He always says he likes the town．（四川省）
A．lived B．have lived C．has lived D．is living
10．Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice．（贵阳市）
A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone 11．His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _______ he came to Yunnan．（昆明市）
A．after B．before C．since D．for
12．—Have you ever_______ to Haikou？
—Yes，I_______ there with my family last August．（海南省）
A．gone；went B．been；went C．been；went to D．been；was in
13．His sister _______ her hometown for three years． She'll return next year．（合肥市）
A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from
二、用所给的正确形式填空
1. He ________ ever _________ (be) to the History Museum several times.
2. --- ________ you ever __________ (be) to the zoo?
--- Yes. I ______(go) there last summer. I ______ (see) many kinds of animals there.
3. --- Where is Mr. Wang?
--- He (go) to the library. He wants to borrow some library books.
4. Rodgers (plant) those trees. He _______ (do) it
the day before yesterday.
5. We (learn) English for more than two years.
三、翻译下列句子。
1.—我从来没有去过游乐场。你呢？—我也没有。
—I have _________________ to an amusement park. __________________ you?
—_____________________________ I.
2. 以前我从来没读过这么好笑的故事。
I _____________ never ______________ a funny story like ___________________.
3. 你曾经和你的同桌争吵过吗？
_________________ you ever ____________________________ your deskmate?
4. 你为什么想去讲英语的国家工作？
____________ do you want to __________ in an _____________________ country?
过去完成时态的用法小结 默认分类2009-12-27 12:54:52 阅读281 评论0 字号：大中小订阅 一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如： He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如： Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。 He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。 We had hardly begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。 It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。 二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较 1. 当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。 We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月台时火车刚开走。 They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。 2. 按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时，用一般过去时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走进屋子，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。 3. 在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。 I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train. 我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。 We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走。 4. 在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，never及次数名词等时，常用过去完成时来表示。
人教版英语英语现在完成时的用法大全含解析 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—They say there is a new restaurant near here. —Yes, and it ______ for more than a week. A. has been open B. open C. is opening D. opens 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——他们说在这附近有一个新的餐馆。——是的，它已经开了一个多星期了。根据 for more than a week ，可知用现在完成时，have/has been done，故选A。 【点评】考查现在完成时，注意识记其标志词。 2．Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生，但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时，瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用，故用延续性动词be。故选D。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 3．—Hi, Tom! you ever the Bird's Nest? —Yes, I have. It's fantastic. A. Have, been to B. Have, gone to C. Did, go to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你好，Tom！你曾经去过鸟巢吗？——是的，我去过。它是极好的。根据答语—Yes, I have.可知是以have开头的现在完成时的一般疑问句，排除C。have been to+地点名词，去过某地，去了并且回来了；have gone to+地点名词，去了某地，去了还没有回来，在去或者回来的路上。根据It's fantastic.可知去了并且回来了，故选A。 【点评】考查短语辨析，注意平时识记其区别，理解句意。 4．——Where is Mr. Wang? ——He together with his students ________ Zhuyuwan Park. A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to 【答案】 A
一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题 一、前言： 初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识，即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中，现在完成时是重要的学习内容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时，对现在完成时进行初步讲解，希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所准备。 二、现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时是由助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2. 现在完成时的用法 现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。 We are good friends.(现在的情况） I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作） We have known each other since 1997. （现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在） （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever, never,three times等时间状语。 如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 3.现在完成时的时间状语 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
过去完成时知识点总结和题型总结（word） 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．—We all went to the park except you last weekend. Why didn't you come? —Because I the park twice. A. have gone to B. had gone to C. had been to D. have been to 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】have gone to去了（尚未回）．have been to去过（已回），根据句意在last weekend之前去过，所以用过去完成时，故选C。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时的用法，表示在过去某一时间前已经发生的动作。 2．Sue didn't go to see the film with us last week because she ________________ it with her mother. A. has seen B. had seen C. will see D. saw 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：苏上星期没和我们一起去看电影，因为她和她妈妈一起看过了。 A.已经看了，现在完成时； B.已经看了，过去完成时； C.将看，一般将来时； D.看了，一般过去时。Sue和妈妈看了电影的影响是上周Sue没有和我们看电影，所以用完成时，根据didn't可知是与过去有关，所以用过去完成时，结构是had+动词过去分词，see的过去分词是seen，故选B。 【点评】考查过去完成时，注意平时识记其结构，理解句意。 3．Jake _____his key in the office so he had to wait until his wife _______ home. A. has forgotten … comes B. forgot… come C. had left… came D. had left…would come 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：杰克把他的钥匙丢在办公室了，因此他不得不等到他的妻子回家。结合语境可知前文描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。下文指的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。 4．When I ______ the cinema, the film _______for ten minutes A. got to; has begun B. arrived at; has been on C. reached; had begun D. hurried to; had been on
英语现在完成时的用法大全附解析百度文库 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．Nancy for five years. A. was dying B. has died C. died D. has been dead 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：南西去世五年了。A. was dying过去进行时态；B. has died现在完成时态；C. died一般过去时态； D. has been dead现在完成时态。句子强调的是过去开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在，句子用现在完成时态；die是一个非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语for…连用，用成be dead。故选D。 【点评】本题考查时态辨析。某人去世了多少年就用延续性动词的现在完成时，has been dead。 2．Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生，但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时，瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用，故用延续性动词be。故选D。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 3．— Hobo and Eddie the cinema to watch the film Zootopia. — Oh, that's why I can't find them now. A. have gone to B. have been to C. has gone to D. has been to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查主谓一致。句意：——侯博和埃迪去了电影院看电影《疯狂动物城》。——哦，这就是为什么我现在找不到他们的原因。have gone to去了；been to去过。Hobo and Eddie作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。所以选A。 4．—What _______ you just now? —Don't worry. Nothing _______.
现在完成时(1) 基本结构： 肯定句: have/has+过去分词(done)+其他 否定句：have+not/haven’t +过去分词(done) +其他 has+not/ hasn’t+过去分词(done) +其他 一般疑问句及回答：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 Yes, 主语+have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定) 一、表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的对现在造成影响的动作或结果。 I have already spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了) Guo zijun has just come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) 过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2、不规则动词： do---did---done go---went---gone come---came---come have---had---had see---saw---seen be---was/were---been
英语过去完成时的用法总结 它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp、(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词、 ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词、 ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had、 否定回答：No,主语+had not 、 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如： By nine o’clock last night, we had got200 pictures from the spaceship、到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 过去完成时-语法判定 1、由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night、 （2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term、 （3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday、 2、由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before、 （2 ）状语从句中
Lead in 一般过去时导入：一般过去时的概念 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I lost my pen.(过去时) I have lost my pen.（现在完成时） 过去时一般表示过去所发生的动作或存在的状态。“我把笔丢了”，说话人只是想告诉对方在过去的某一个时间里他的笔丢了，仅此而已。（仅仅是在陈诉过去的一个事实，与现在没有关系） New lesson 一．现在完成时的构成： 助动词have/has(not) +动词过去分词 She has turned on the lights. 肯定式：have/ has+过去分词 否定式：haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词 疑问式：把have/has 提到主语前面 肯定回答：Yes,…have/has 否定回答：No,…..haven’t/hasn’t 二．用法 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果. 例如:She has gone. 她走了. She went in the past.(She is not here
now.) I have just cleaned my hands. 我刚洗过手。（“洗手”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“手干净了”） I have closed the door. (The door is close now.) She has turned on the lights. (The lights are on now.) He has written his name on the blackboard. (The name is on the blackboard now.) Mother has cooked the dinner. (We can have dinner now.) You have seen the film. （You know what the film is about.) We have cleaned the classroom. (The classroom is clean now.) 2. 表示动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续延续下去。这时常和since所引导的短语或从句或for引导的短语连用(for有时可以省去)。以及so far, by now, these days, in the last/past … years/days…等连用。 I have lived here for over ten years. （表示他现在还在这里居住，并且还有可能继续住下去）比较：I lived here ten years ago.(仅仅说明了他十年前在这里记住过的事实,不代表现在他还住在这里) He has studied here since 2006. 都用How long 提问，例： We have learned English for three years. We have learned English since three years ago.
现在完成时的用法 一、概念 现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。 二、理解： 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。 四、基本用法： 1.已完成用法(影响性用法)。该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作 在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，同时 说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。如：
He has left the city. 他已离开这个城市。(结果。如：他不在这个城市) Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。(结果。如：窗户仍破着) Have you seen my bag? 你看到我的手提包了吗?(结果。如：你知道它在哪里吗?) I have bought two apples．我买了两个苹果。（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。） 【注】现在完成时“完成用法”的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，just, yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning/month /year..., today等)连用。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。 如：I have already finished my homework．我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal．他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They haven't started yet．他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it．我们从来没有听说过这件事。 2．未完成用法(持续性用法)。如：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)。此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far到目前为止)等。如： He has lived here since 1971. 自从1971年以来，他一直住在这儿。 (动作起始于1971年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) We have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我们在部队已经呆了五年多了。 (动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。) Have you waited long? 你等了很久吗？ We have been busy this afternoon. 今天下午我们一直很忙。 The temperature has stayed hot this week. 这星期天气一直很热。
英语三种主要完成时的用法总结及练习题
一.现在完成时的构成: have(has)+done 二.现在完成时的主要用法: I.“已完成”用法 :表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。 1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just，now，already，yet，not…yet等不确定的时间状语连用。 2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。 I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔） She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师） II.“未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，since，since yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a long time，for a month，so far，up to now，till（until） now等。 He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿） III.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。 常与频度副词如often,always,every week,twice等连用。 I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。 He has always said so.他总是这么说. 三.现在完成时的时间状语 I现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 b.用ever和never.多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 d. 用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。
过去完成时用法小结 一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如： He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如： Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when...（刚…就…）, no sooner...than... （刚…就…）, It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。 He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。 We had hardly begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。 It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。 二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较 1. 当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。 We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月台时火车刚开走。 They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。 2. 按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时，用一般过去时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走进屋子，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。 3. 在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。 I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train. 我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。 We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走。 4. 在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，
现在完成时的构成和用法 I． 现在完成时 1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开 始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段， recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他 4.否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他 5.一般疑问句：have或has。 6.例句：I've written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. II．现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成：助动词have/has + 过去分词 2. 现在完成时的主要用法 ⑴表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情现在 已经结束。 Someone has just turned off the light. 有人刚把灯关了。 I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了家庭作业。 ⑵表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情可能 仍在继续。 I want to see how much the place changed since I saw it last. 我想看看从上次见到那地 方以来它发生了多大变化。 I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已经学了10多年的英语。 ⑶表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历. Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? 你曾去过颐和园吗? I have never had a car. 我从未有过汽车。 ⑷现在完成时还常与句型This is the first time…，It’s the first time …连用。 This is the first time he has driven a car. 这是他第一次开车。 ⑸现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最…的。 It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen.这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。 3. 现在完成时的时间状语 ⑴常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作. ⑵还可以和包括现在在内(到说话时仍未结束)的,表示一段时间的状语连用， 如:now, today, this morning (afternoon, evening, week, month, year), these days, since, for a long time等. ⑶since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。
中考考点_过去完成时知识点汇总(全) 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．—How long you TV by the time I called you? —For about two hours A. had; watched B. have; watched C. did; watch D. were; watching 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】由句中的by the time可判断．这里用过去完成时，故选A。句意是：—到我打电话给你为止，你已经看了多长时间的电视了？—大约两个小时。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时的用法。 2．We are too tired. Please stop __________ a rest. A. to have B. having C. have D. has 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我们是在太累了，停下来休息一下吧。stop to have a rest.固定搭配故选A 【点评】注意时态一致， 3．Jake _____his key in the office so he had to wait until his wife _______ home. A. has forgotten … comes B. forgot… come C. had left… came D. had left…would come 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：杰克把他的钥匙丢在办公室了，因此他不得不等到他的妻子回家。结合语境可知前文描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。下文指的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。 4．By the end of last month, Jane _____ enough money for the poor sick boy. A. raised B. would raise C. had raised D. has raised 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：在上个月末，珍已经为贫穷的生病的孩子筹集到了足够的钱。根
英语现在完成时用法总结含答案解析百度文库 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—What _______ you just now? —Don't worry. Nothing _______. A. has happens to; has happened B. happened; happened C. happened; has happened D. happened to; has happened 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：---刚才你发生了什么事？---别担心，没什么事发生。固定句式What happened to……发生了什么？第二空是回答之前并没有发生任何事情，所以不必担心，用现在完成时，has happened，故答案为D。 【点评】考查动词时态，一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作；现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的结果或影响。 2．—How do you like Beijing, Miss Read? —I've no idea. I _____ there. A. have gone B. have been C. haven't been D. haven't gone 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：---你觉得北京怎么样，瑞得小姐？---我不知道，我没有去过那儿。短语：have been to去过某地（已经返回）；have gone to去了某地（尚未返回），根据句意，故答案为C。 【点评】考查短语辨析，区分have been to与have gone to，理解句子，根据语境判断答案。 3．This museum here for over 80 years. It one of the oldest buildings in this city. A. is; was B. had been; is C. was; has been D. has been; is 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查动词的时态。句意：博物馆在这儿有八十多年了。它是这座城市最古老的建筑之一。前句表示从过去一直延续到现在的状态，用现在完成时态；后句表示的是现在的状态，用一般现在时态。故选D。 4．My mother a good example for me since I was young. A. was B. has been C. will be D. is 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：打小以来，妈妈就是我的好榜样。根据时间状语“since l was young”可知，主句应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。故选B。
英语计划总结之现在完成时用法小结 现在完成时是中学生必须掌握的重要语法项目之一,也是难点之一,要想让学生灵活掌握这一要点,必须对其用法进行深析和加强实际运用. 一、现在完成时的构成 现在完成时是由“have/has+动词的过去分词”构成.其中的have/has在这里只充当助动词,故将肯定式变成否定式时直接在其后面加not,变成疑问句时直接将其提前. 二、现在完成时的含义 表示过去发生或已经完成的某个动作对现在所造成的影响或结果,重在与现在的联系.如： I have finished my homework already. He has never been to England. 2. 表示动作或状态从过去某时开始,一直持续到现在,并有可能会持续下去.如： I have lived here for ten years. I have lived here since ten years ago. 三、运用现在完成时的几个注意点 1. 熟记与现在完成时连用的时间状语.
already,yet,before, ever, never, before, recently, just, many times, until now, up till now, so far, since 2000, for ten years, in the past/last five years, these days等. 2. 注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别. 一般过去时只是单纯地表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生联系,它要和表示过去的时间状语连用.而现在完成时表示的是过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.强调的是现在的情况,它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.两种时态的侧重点不同,前者强调的是动作本身,后者则强调结果.比较： I lost my watch yesterday.（至于现在找到与否没有说明,即不跟现在发生联系） I have lost my watch…（表示现在的结果——手表未找到） 3. 当现在完成时与since,for引导的时间状语连用时,其谓语动词必须是延续性动词,如果是终止性动词,必须将其转换成延续性动词.如： I borrowed this book two days ago. I have kept this book for two days. I have kept this book since two days ago. 常见的终止性动词与延续性动词的转换有：become; come—be here; go—be there; begin—be on; open—be open; close—be close;