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一、句子成分英语句子成分分析和句子结构分析（语法高手必备）英语句子成分分析（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分（一般共九中成分）；主要成分有主语和谓语； 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。
（二）主语： 主语 (Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
（但在 there b e 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中， 主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
）主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、和主语从句等表示。
例如：（请画出主语） Three plus two is five. It is a great pleasure to swim in the river Smoking does harm to the health. There are many students in my class. Are you a student? Here comes the bus.He can do it and so can I. Who will attend the meeting has not been decided. （主语从句） （三）谓语谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语 之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning. The plane took o ff at ten o ’clock. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may k eep the book for two weeks. He has c aught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。
如：We are s tudents.谓语 体现时态和语态•时态（与非谓语比较）语态现在时： 一般现在时: 现在进行时: 现在完成时: Is /am/are+---或does/doIs/am/are+doing Has/have +done Has/have+been+doingIs/am/are+ I s /a m /a r e +b e i n g+Has/have+been+现在完成进行时:过去时:一般过去时: Was/were+---或did 过去进行时: Was/were+doing过去完成时：Had+done过去将来时：Would/should+doWas/were+Was/were+being+ Had+been+ Would/should+be+ done将来时:一般将来时:Shall/will+do Shall/will+be +将来进行时:Sh a ll/will+b e+doing 将来完成时: S h a ll/will+h ave+don e -----------------------Shall/will+have+been+非谓语动 to doto have done to be doing to be donedoinghaving done donebeing donehaving been done1. She found the door closed.2. Having been told many times, he made the same mistake.3. Given more time, we could do it much better.4. Walking on the street, he came across his former teacher.5. The meeting being held is very important.6. A big fire broke out in a shop, causing 100 deaths. （四）表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如 be, b ecome, g et, l ook, g row, turn, s eem 等）之后。
英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习一、句子的基本结构（5种）1、主语+谓语（s+v）2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p）3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o）4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物）(s+v+io+do)5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c）二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语）1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east （）He likes dancing. （）Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （）To see is to believe.（）What he needs is a book.（）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B.longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
英语句子类型一、分类1）按照句式结构分为三种：简单句、并列句、复合句2)按照句子功能分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句第一节简单句一、定义：简单句只包含一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子，且句子的各个成分都是由单词或短语来组成的。
二、分类：类型1:S + V。
该句型中谓语动词为不及物动词,后面不可接宾语，但可接状语或其他成分例：Nobody went out.The children are playing。
We study hard.类型2：S + V + O.该句型中的谓语为及物动词，后面必须接宾语，且只能接一个宾语。
例：We love our country。
The old woman looks after the baby carefully.He dreamed a terrible dream last night。
类型3：S + V + O（人） + O(物)该句型中的动词为双宾语动词，后面必须接两个宾语。
该类动词主要有：give， show, send, pass, lend, return, promise， owe； make, buy， do, fetch, paint, save， spare，find等例:He gave his sister the piano。
He gave the piano to his sister。
He bought his wife a coat.He bought a coat for his wife.类型4：S + V + O + C该句型中的谓语动词后面必须接宾语，且还要用一个补足语来补充说明宾语的状态.例：I found the book easy。
The teacher told us to study hard.We heard him singing.类型5：S + L + P该句型中的L为系动词，后常接表语。
英语句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所表达的主体，一般位于句首。
但在 there be 构造、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或神态动词后边。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
比如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure. （不定式）Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词）The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language. （ it 作形式主语，真实的主语为后边的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或拥有的特点和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语以后。
谓语的组成以下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组成。
如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（ 1）由神态动词或其余助动词加动词原形组成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （ 2）由系动词加表语组成。
第一章简单句一、简单句（simple sentence）：是基础句型，只有包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示.有五种基本结构：“主语+谓语（SV）"、“主语+谓语+主语补语（SVC）”、“主语+谓语+宾语（SVO)"、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语(SVOO）”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语（SVOC）"等五种基本结构。
其他各种句子基本上由此五种句型缩略或扩展而成。
1、“主语+谓语（SV）”结构，简称为主谓结构,谓语是不及物动词.此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等，如：（1）、Day│ broke。
天亮了(2）、Things │change.事物是变化的。
（3）、The moon│rose。
月亮升起来了。
（4）、They│are running very slowly. 他们跑得很慢2、“主语+谓语+主语补语（SVC）”结构，简称为主谓补结构。
“主语+连系动词+表语（SLP）”句型实际上也是一种主、谓、主补结构，此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做连系动词.系动词分两类：be, look，keep, seem等属一类,表示情况；get，grow，become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。
be本身没有什么意义，只起连系主语和表语的作用,其它系动词仍保持其部分词义如：（5）、He │died│ young. 他年轻时就死了。
（6)、John │was│ cast as Hamlet. 约翰扮演哈姆雷特（7)、This│is│an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
（8)、The dinner│smells│good。
Part 1：英语语法框架一·词法：词法研究的对象是各种词的形式及其用法。
英语词类的形式变化有：名词和代词的数，格和性的形式变化；动词的人称、时态、语态、语气等形式变化；以及形容词和副词比较等级的形式变化。
种类：1 名词：是人和事物的名称，如pen（钢笔）；English（英语），life（生活）。
2 代词：是用来代替名词的词，如we（我们），his（他的），all（全部）。
3 副词: 是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词，如quickly（快），often（经常），very（很）。
4 数词：是表示“多少”和“第几”的词，如four（四），eighteen（十八），first（第一）5 形容词：用来修饰名词，如great（伟大的），honest（诚实的），difficult（困难的）。
6 动词: 表示动作和状态，如write（写），walk（行走），think（想）。
7 连词: 是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词，如and（和），because（因为），if（假如）8 冠词: 说明名词所指的人或物的词，如a，an（一个），the（这，那）。
9 介词: 表示名词（或代词）与句子里其它词的关系，如from（从），in（在…内），between（在…之间）。
10 感叹词: 表示感情，如oh（噢），aha（啊哈），hush（嘘）。
[注一]属于前六类（名、代、副、数、形、动等词）的词都有实义，叫做实词。
属于后四类（连、冠、介、感等词）的词没有实义，叫做虚词。
[注二]不少词可以属于几个词类，如work（工作；动词和名词），fast（快，形容词和副词），since（自从；连词和介词）等。
构词法定义：构词法是研究怎样造词的学问。
掌握构词法有助于记忆单词，扩大词汇量。
英语单词看似海量，其实真正“原生态”的数量有限，而大量的都是通过构词法造出来的。
如：Foot (足) + ball (球) ------football 足球Sea (海) + food ( 食品) -----seafood 海鲜食品种类：英语最基本的构词法有三种：派生，合成和转化。
如：They were teachers。
(他们曾是老师.） Time flies. (时光飞逝。
)这两句话中分别由代词They ，名词Time 作主语。
The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语Eight is a lucky number。
数词做主语The blind need more help。
名词化的形容词做主语Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream。
不定式短语做主语他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。
（从句）（It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语）英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。
谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当，因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词，不能作谓语。
且谓语动词可以体现时态，单复数的语法现象。
如：They were teachers.（他们曾是老师.） He enjoys singing songs。
(他喜欢唱歌.）这两句话分别由动词were （are 的过去式），enjoys singing (enjoy doing动词短语)作谓语.其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态，且主语的人称为第一人称，enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称.宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后.如： I play with him。
（我和他玩。
）I like Chinese food。
(我喜欢中国菜。
)这两句话中分别由人称代词 him ，名词food 作宾语。
直接宾语与间接宾语:有的动词能够接双宾语,直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物，间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。
如：He gave me a book。
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中，主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，一般情况下，一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下：1. 主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
如：It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
如：Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于系动词之后，形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如：Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。
如：He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如：He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
英语句子成分及简单句型结构一、介绍与其重要性学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。
英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。
句子是写作的基本单位,只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。
英语的句子成分有八种.定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语二、英语句子成分分析解读找出句中主语The sun rises in the east。
Twenty years is a short time in history。
The poor are now living in the shelter.Seeing is believing。
To see is to believe.He likes dancing。
What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree。
㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill？He looked after two orphans。
复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well。
She doesn’t seem to like dancing英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。
及物动词(vt.) ：及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。
如： He reached Paris .不及物动词（vi. ）:不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。
若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。
如: Look！ She is singing。
一、语法部分►1.八大句子成分一主语——动作或状态的执行者主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么，除倒装句外，一般位于句子的开头。
主语通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。
①The Student Table Tennis Team of our school is looking for new members right now.我们学校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。
(名词短语作主语)②To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am next Friday.首先，我想强调的是下星期五上午10点在教学楼第8教室我们将开始下堂课。
(从句作主语)③Forming a good habit in our daily life is of great benefit to us.日常生活中养成好习惯对我们非常有益。
(动名词短语作主语)即时练1[单句写作]①不同的人喜欢不同的季节；我最喜欢的季节是春季。
(名词短语作主语)______________ like different seasons; ______________ is spring.②与别人友好相处是你应该学会的第二件事。
(不定式短语作主语)______________________ is the second thing you should learn.③我打算告诉你的是关于我们学校向你们班赠书之事。
(从句作主语)______________________ is about our school's donation of books to your class.答案：①Different people; my favourite season②To get along well with others ③What I am going to tell you二谓语——主语的行为或状态英语中动词一共分为三大类：实义动词、连系动词和助动词，实义动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。
英语句子成分分析相关练习分析下列句子的句子结构1. we are working.。
2. I can swim very well.3. The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me.4. Why does the wind blow?5. The rain has been pulling down for a whole day.6. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.7. Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone.8. You must get the car ready by tomorrow.9. I have a lot of clothes to wash.10. He gave his son some advice on reading.11. Read me the first paragraph.12. I’ve ordered some soup for you.13. He began leaning English ten years ago.14. My being late worried my teacher.15. The president himself would visit our school.16. April fool’ Day is the special day of the year17. He usually takes a nap after lunch.18. I got it back at once.19. He finished lunch and went into the garden.20. The telephone rang.21. We study hard.22. His father might have died.23. Will you leave the door open/ unclosed24. Can you make the dog stand still?25. The landlord had them working day and night.26. A sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing.27. We all breathe, eat, and drink.28. I woke up at 6:00 in the morning.29. The book weighs five kilos.30. They will be flying to London.1. We are working.主系表2. I can swim very well.主谓3. The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me.主谓双宾/主谓宾状4. Why does the wind blow?风为什么会吹？主谓5. The rain has been pulling down for a whole day.雨已经下了一整天了。
主谓6. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.主谓宾7. Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone.主谓宾补8. You must get the car ready by tomorrow.主谓宾补9. I have a lot of clothes to wash. 主谓宾，to wash做clothes的定语10. He gave his son some advice on reading.主谓双宾11. Read me the first paragraph.主谓双宾12. I’ve ordered some soup for you.主谓双宾/主谓宾状13. He began leaning English ten years ago.主谓宾14. My being late worried my teacher.我的迟到让我的老师很担心。
主谓宾，动名词短语My being late做主语15. The president himself would visit our school.总统将亲自参观我们的学校。
主谓宾16. April fool’Day is the special day of the year愚人节是一年中很特别的一天。
主系表17. He usually takes a nap after lunch.他通常在午饭之后要小睡一会儿。
主谓宾18. I got it back at once.主谓宾19. He finished lunch and went into the garden.他吃完午饭后去了花园。
主+并列谓语20. The telephone rang.主谓21. We study hard.主谓22. His father might have died.他的父亲可能已经去世了。
主谓23. Will you leave the door open/ unclosed?你要把门开着？主谓宾补24. Can you make the dog stand still?你能让那只狗站着不动吗？主谓宾补25. The landlord had them working day and night.地主让他们整天工作，主谓宾补26. A sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing.扎实的语法知识对于写作是重要的。
主系表27. We all breathe, eat， and drink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
主谓28. I woke up at 6:00 in the morning。
我在早上6点钟起床。
主谓29. The book weighs five kilos.那本书重达10斤。
主谓，five kilos做状语30. They will be flying to London.他们将飞往伦敦。
主谓宾综合练习二Exercises:分析下列句子的句子结构31. The shop assistant found some certain materials for me.32. He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary.33. Please pass a newly- published to me.34. He lived in Guang Zhou.35. The father is showing the boy how to plant trees.36. His uncle left him some money.37. She has taught us English for 3 years.38. I like popular music.39. She knows what to do next.40. I hate arriving late.41. The meeting starts at three.42. My heart is beating loudly.43. Tom’s birthday is two weeks away.44. He told me the news by telephone.45. There are many people in the room.46. He isn’t as tall as his brother.47. I have a new sweater.48. It is important to learn a foreign language now.49. Trees turn green in spring.50. He wants to be a doctor.51. He refused to help me.52. My teacher advises me to read English every day.综合练习二答案31. The shop assistant found some certain materials for me. 那个店员为我找到一些材料。
主谓双宾/主谓宾状32. He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary.他许诺说要给我一本新英汉字典。
主谓双宾33. Please pass a newly- published to me.请递给我一本新出版的。
主谓双宾/主谓宾状34. He lived in Guang Zhou.他住在广州。
主谓宾35. The father is showing the boy how to plant trees.那位父亲正在给那个男孩演示怎么种树。
主谓双宾36. His uncle left him some money.他的叔叔留给了他一些钱。
主谓双宾37. She has taught us English for 3 years.她已经教我们英语三年了。
主谓双宾38. I like popular music.我喜欢流行音乐。
主谓宾39. She knows what to do next.她知道下一步怎么做。
主谓双宾40. I hate arriving late.我讨厌来晚。
主谓双宾41. The meeting starts at three.会议在三点开始。
主谓42. My heart is beating loudly.我的心跳的很厉害。
主谓43. Tom’s birthday is two weeks away.汤姆的生日是在两星期之后。
主系表44. He told me the news by telephone.他是通过电话告诉我那个消息的。
主谓双宾45. There are many people in the room.房间里有很多人。
There be句型46. He isn’t as tall as his brother.他和他的哥哥不一样高。
主系表47. I have a new sweater.我有一件新运动衣。
主谓宾48. It is important to learn a foreign language now.现在去学一们外语是非常重要的。
