高中英语语法知识词法部分讲解---------介词及练习
一.概念:介词(preposition)又叫做前置词，一般置于名词之前。它是一种虚词，一般不重读, 在句中不单独作任何句子成分，只表示其后面的名词或相当于名词的其他结构与句中其他成分的关系。
介词后面的名词或相当于名词的词语叫做介词宾语。可作介词宾语的词语通常有：
1) 名词或名词性从句:
eg. ①He lives near our school. ②This will give me some idea of what life is.
2) 代词: eg. ① I am angry with him. ② She isn’t satisfied with me.
3)动名词或动名词短语: eg. I have an idea fro solving this problem.
4)不定式（只限于介词but和except）：
eg.①I can do nothing for them but just sit her there and hope.
②I can do nothing for them except to send them money.
5)数词：eg. Four from seven leaves three.
6)形容词：eg. I know it from old. 我早就知道它。
7)副词：eg. I can’t stay for long.
注意：英语介词往往相当于汉语的动词。
eg.① The policeman helped the old woman across the street. 警察帮助老大娘过马路。(“过”=across)
②Are you for it or against it? 你赞成还是反对？(“赞成”= for; “反对”= against)
二、介词的种类：
A.介词按其构成分为1) 简单介词(simple preposition)：eg.at; in; of since, before, after等。
2) 复合介词(compound preposition): eg.as for; as to; into; out of 等。
3) 二重介词(double preposition) eg.from under; from behind; until after; except in等。
4) 短语介词(phrasal preposition) eg.according to; because of; in spite of; on behalf of等。
5) 分词介词( participle preposition) eg.regarding; concerning; including; providing等。
B.介词按其词义分为1)地点介词：eg.across; among; around; above; after; along; at; before; behind; below等。
2)时间介词: eg.about; after; sround; as at; before; behind; between; by; during; for, from..
3)比较介词: eg.as; like; over; above等。
4)除外介词: eg.besides; but; except等。
5)反对介词: eg.against; with等。
6)原因介词: eg. for; with; from等。
7)结果介词: eg.for; with; without等。
8)方式介词: eg.by; in; with等。
9)所属介词: eg.of; with等。
10)条件介词: eg. on; without; considering等。
11)让步介词: eg.in spite of; despite等。
12)目的介词: eg.for; to等。
13)根据介词: eg. on; according to等。
三、介词短语及其功用：介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语(Prepositional phrase), 介词短语在句中可用作：
1)主语：eg.From Beijing to Tianjing is two hours by train. 2)表语：eg.She looks like an actress.
3)宾语：eg.I’ll give you until tomorrow.4)定语：eg. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
5)补语：eg.They found themselves in a dark wood.6)状语：eg. Albert has so much work to do so that he is staying late at the office.
四、相关知识点精讲：
1.表示地点位置介词:
1.
1)at ,in, on, to:
at : (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示"在……附近,旁边"；eg. ①He arrived at the station at ten. ②He is sitting at the desk.
(3)表示的位置是某一点；eg. at the third crossroad/ at 108 Beijing Street/ at the North Pole
(4)可接集体活动。eg.at a party/concert/lecture/meeting…at home/ at the corner of the street/at the front of the hall
in : (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示"在…范围之内"；
(3)表示的位置往往是立体的,有长、宽、高等。eg. ①He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. ②Jiangsu lies in the east of China.
③in the desk/in the corner of the room/in a picture/in the wall
on: (1) 表示毗邻,接壤; (2)表示的位置往往是一个平面或一条线。eg. Russia lies on the north of China./a city on the river/a hotel on the this road
to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤. eg. Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.
2)above, over, on: 在……上
above: (1) 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与below相eg. ①The bird is flying above my head.
对;两物体中间有一定的空间距离。②There are lights above/over our heads.
(2) 与刻度连用时，用above。③Can you see the plane flying over/above the building?
eg. three degrees above zero. ④The water came above/over our knees.
over: (1)指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体eg. ①There is a bridge over the river.
有一定的空间,不直接接触. eg.①There’s a thick cloud over the north of China.
(2)表示“布满”，“盖满”②There is a table cloth over the table.
(3)表示“穿越”, “越过”，用over或acorss。eg.He walked over/across the bridge./There is a bridge over/across the river.
(4)与数字连用时用over=more than。eg.over 100 people/over 800 metres above sea level
on: 表示某物体上面并与之接触. eg. He put his watch on the desk./ on the wall
3) below, under: 在……下面
under: (1)表示在…正下方,有垂直之意。eg. There is a cat under the table.
(2)接普通数词，under =less than eg.100 metres below sea level / children under seven years of age / under fifty below:(1)表示在……下,不一定在正下方eg. Please write your name below the line.
(2) 与刻度连用时，用below。eg. ten degrees below zero
小测试：
1. Mary’s________the garden. A.in B.at C.on D.into
2. Don’t worry. She’ll finish the work in______twenty minutes. A. below B.on C.above D.over
3.From the bridge we could see the river__________. A. below us B.below ourselves C.under us D.under ourselves
4.The weather here is 20 degrees___________zero today. A.under B. in C.below D.on
5.He will be back__________20 minutes. A.after below B.in below C.after under D.inunder
6.When they looked up, they saw a plane________the tall building. A. on B.over C.through D.in
7.He finished his work in_________twenty minutes. A.above B.below C.over D.across
8.He lives____________203 Huanghe Street. A. on B.in C.at D.to
2.表示时间介词:
1) in , on,at: 在……时
in: 表示较长时间,如世纪,朝代,时代,年,季节,月及一般(非特指)的早,中,晚等。
eg.in the 20th century / in the 1950s / in 1989 / in summer / in January/ in the morning / in the night (在夜间)/ in one's life/ in one's thirties等。on: 表示具体某一天及其早,中,晚。
eg. on May 1st / on Monday/ on New Year's Day/on a cold night in January / on a fine morning/ on Sunday afternoon等。at: 表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。
eg. at 3:20 / at this time of year /at the beginning of /at the end of … / at the age of … / at Christmas / at nigh t / at noon / at this moment等。
注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词.如:We meet every day.
2)in, after: 在……之后
2.
in +段时间"表示将来的一段时间以后; eg. My mother will come back in three or four days.
after+段时间"表示过去的一段时间以后; eg. He arrived after five months.
after+将来点时间"表示将来的某一时刻以后。eg. She will appear after five o'clock this afternoon.
3)from, since 自从……
from: 仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久; eg. He studied the piano from the age of three.
sinc: 表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。eg. They have lived here since 1978.
4)after, behind: 在……之后
after: 主要用于表示时间; eg. We shall leave after lunch.
behind: 主要用于表示位置. eg. Lucy is hiding behind an old house.
5) until/till: 直到…为止。eg.till/until last week/ till/untill now/ from morning till night
6) by: 在某时间之前；不晚于……时间。eg. by the end of lasy year
小测试：
1. We often go to the park___________Sunday morning. A. on B.in C.at D.from
2. My aunt has worked in a clinic___________1949. A.after B.before C.till D.since
3. His father will be back from London__________a few days. A. since B. on C. in D. to
4.It happened to be very cold_____the morning of our sports meet. A.at B. of C.on D.with
5.He decided to visit the factory _________Friday night. A.at B.in C.on D.over
6.He suddenly returned__________a rainy night. A. on B.at C.in D.during
7.The doctor will be free__________. A. 10 minutes later B. after 10 minutes C. in 10 minutes D. 10 minutes after
8. “How long has his bookshop been in business?”“_______1982.” A. After B. In C. From D. Since
9. The train leaves at 6:00 p.m.. So I have to be at the station ________5:40 at the latest. A. until B.after C.by D.around
10. “Can I stay________the weekend?” A. by; until B. until; around C. till; by D. at; on
“Yes, but you’ll have to leave_________Monday middy at the latest.”
11. They have been in the store__________. A. for a long time ago B. for nine o’clock C.since two hours D.sicne two hours ago
12.I have been playing chess________many years, but I’m hardly a expert. A. in B.with C.since D.for
3.表示方式介词:
(1) by: + 接人或方式等。eg. made by him/by this means eg. by doing this/by car/bus/train/bike/ us/ come in by the door
(2) in: + 接语言/衣物等。eg. in this way eg. in the(this/that) way/ in a high(low) voice/ in pen /ink / English/the rain
(3) with: + 接工具性的名词或其他名词。eg. with this method eg. with a hammer/ a pen(pencil)
(4) on: + 接人体名词和TV等词。eg. lie on one’s back/ to learn English on TV/on the radio
(5) to : + 接乐器或乐曲名词。eg.to sing to the piano( guitar) /to dance to music
注意：1.by weight (volume) : 按重/体积 2. by height: 按高度 3.by fax /radio / telephone: 靠传真、无线电、电话
4. by the week/ the hour/ the year 按周/ 按小时/ 按年
5. by the pound按英镑
小测试：
1. He worked out the problem_________that means. A. in B. with C. by D. on
2. Please answer my question_________a loud enough voice. A. by B. at C. with D. in
3.This is the car___________he came here. A. by which B. by that C. in which D. with which
4. He lay_________his back, his eyes_________upward. A. with; looked B. to; looking C. on; looking D. on; looked
5. He often wrote________a pen, but now he is writing______pencil. A. in; with B. with; in C. with; with D. in; in
6.He built a telescope____________with he could study the skies. A. by B. through C. on D. with
7.He often sleeps___________the window___________. A. by; open B.when; opened C.while; opening D. with; open
8.How beautiful the girl looks___________her new clothes. A. on B. in C. with D. for
9.He often learns English__________TV after wrok. A. by B. from C. on D. in
3.
10.They often dance _____________on Sunday nights. A. by music B. by the music C. to music D. to the music
11. The tall building was destroyed___________a big fire. A. with B. in C. by D. on
12. The young man often writes music___________ A. to dance B. to dance by C. to dance with D. to dance to
13. The manager keeps in touch with me___________. A. with fax B. to fax C. by fax D. by he fax
14. He was caught__________the heavy rain. A. by B. on C. in D. through 4.表示除外介词:
除外介词有：besides; but; except和apart from。
(1) besides: 除外……之外(还包括……)。eg. We need fifteen more people besides your group.
besides + doing sth. eg. What else did you do besides writing a letter?
注意: ? besides: adv. 而且；再说eg. I don’t really want to go. Besides, it’s too late now.
?beside: prep.在……之旁。eg. She is sitting beside me on the bench.
(2) except/ but: 除……之外(不包括)。eg. We work every day except/but Saturday and Sunday. except for + sth. : 除去整体的一部分或对部分缺点要修正。eg.①Except for the color, I like the car very much.
eg.②Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.
except that + 从句：eg. We know nothing about him except that he is America. except when +从句：eg. He comes to see me every day except when it rains.
except/ but +to do sth. eg.① I have nothing else to do except look after the child.
②She did nothing but (to)cry. ③We had no other choices but (to) go the the police station for help.
(3) besides : 用于否定句= except/ but eg. I have no other tools besides/except/but these.
(4) apart from:
?= except for: 除……之外(不包括) eg. I’ve finished apart from the last question.
?= in addition to; as well as除外……之外(还)；此外；加之eg. What other sports do you like apart from football?
(5) other than = except: 除…以外eg. ①I don’t know any French people other than you.
小测试：②We’re going away in June but other than that I’ll be here all summer.
1.She said that they had no other choices______go to the teacher for help. A. beside B. besides C. accept D. except
2. Does John know any other foreign language_______French? A. except B. but C. besides D.beside
3. No one knew Mr. Benson’s address________his daughter. A. except B. expect C. only D. beside
4. _______his wife, no one went to see him. A. Beside B. Besides C. Except D. Except for
5. The film is good ________its ugly colour A. except B. besides C. beside D. except for
6. We know nothing about her _________she lives downstairs. A. except when B but when C. except for D.except that
7. This kind of animals never comes out_________it’s dark. A. except for B. except that C. expect when D. except when
8. He seldom comes to see me _________for money. A. except asked B. besides to ask C. but to asking D. except to ask 5.表示原因介词:
(1) because of + 名词/代词/ what从句，说明做某事的原因。eg.①She was late because of her illness.
② I came here because of you. ③He was angry because of what you did.
(2) for : for…reason(为了…原因)或用于固定搭配。eg. ①She decided to get a job for several reasons.
②For what reason were you late? ③He is praised for writing a good poem.
④China is famous for its long history. ⑤He was scolded for being late.
⑥ He got an award for bravery. ⑦ I couldn’t speak for laughing.
(3) as a result of :由于……的结果=because of eg. The river was flooded as a result of the heavy rain.
(4) owing to:prep. =because of 由于；因为eg. Owing to his hard work, he succeeded.
注意：在动词之后或从句之首用owing to表示“因为”。eg. The game was cancelled owing to the heavy rain.
(5) due to: because of 由于；因为。eg. The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.
4.
(6) thanks to:幸亏；由于；因为eg. Everyone knows about it now, thanks to you !
小测试：
1.She did’t come to the party__________what you had said. A. because B. for C. because of D. as of
2. He doesn’t believe you ___________what you said is wrong. A. because B. because of C. for D. owing to
3. He was punished___________ breaking the law. A. as B. because C. since D. for
4. The building was burned down __________the big fire. A. because B. for C. as a result of D. owed to
5.__________what reason was Mark put into prison? A. Because of B. Because C. For D. Since
6.表示方向介词:
(1) at : 表示方向的一个“点”，具有攻击的意思。eg. He shot at a bird./ shout at sb./ rush at sb./come at sb.
(2) to : 指方向,不强调点。eg. He went to the factory./ throw a ball to sb.
(3) towards : 强调向某处运动的方向。eg. He walked towards me.
(4) across: 表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与on有关; eg. She swam across the river./walk across the desert
(5) through: 穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关。eg. He walked through the forest./ walk through the forest
小测试：
1. He shot __________ the bird, but it flew away. A. towards B. at C. to D. /
2. The wolf jumped _________the farmer to eat him. A. to B. for C. at D. on
3. It took me five hours to walk ________the forest. A.over B. across C. through D. in
4. I walked ___________the square to the hotel. A. on B. through C. across D. towards
5. He walked ________ the hall, smiling strangely. A. over B. across C. on D. at
6. They wanted to swim___________the river to the church. A. across B. over C. cross D. through
7.表示目的介词:for
(1) for + 名词= to do sth. eg. ①to go out for food= to go out to look for food
②to go o the pub for a drink= to go to the pub to have a drink
(2) for + doing sth. : 表示用途和原因。eg. ①The pen is used for writing. ②He was praised for saving a child.
(3) for + 宾语+ 不定式eg. I opened the door for you to come in.
小测试：
1. He went to the college _________Professor Wang. A. for seeing B. with seeing C. to see D. for to see
2. He went to the college_________an interview with Professor Wang. A. with B. for C. on D. for having
3. Is that cake________or just ________. A. to eat; to look at B. to eat; for looking at C. for eating; to look at D. for eating; for looking at
4. It’s usual ________foxes to come so close to town. A. of B. with C. for D. to
5. It is important________there to be plenty of discussion. A. that B. which C. for D. with
6. It is too late________anyone in the room. A. for B. for to be C. for it to be D. for there to be
7. I’m anxious ________the party to be a success. A. about B. with C. of D. for
8.表示价值等量交换介词:
(1) at : 用示表示“以…的价格或速度”。eg. at a low cost/ at a high price/at a top(full) speed/ at fifty kms an hour
(2) for :用示表示“等价交换”。eg. a chicken for five dollars/ a check for 1,000 dollars
小测试：
1. I bought the book _________one yuan a copy. A. at B. on C. by D. in
2. I can’t buy the house __________such a price. A. for B. on C. with D. at
3. The spaceship leaves the ground _________high speed. A. with B. on C.at D. for
4. The old man sold his old car _________two thousand dollars. A. with B. at C. for D. on
9.表示关系介词: of, from, on, about和to等。
(1) of : 表示所属、关于、同位或说明事物的性质、内容、eg. the roof of the house (所属) / stories of Lei Feng(关于)
5.
巧记跟不定式和动名词做宾语的动词用法 语法体现语言的规律,学好英语离不开语法学习。其中，动词的用法是重点，也是难点。对于谓语动词和非谓语动词的用法，学生普遍感到困难。学生感到50多个动词，用法难以掌握，但调整了单词的排列顺序，根据汉意编写顺口溜会方便记忆： （一）跟不定时作宾语的动词有： 打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish) 决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help) 设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse) 好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt) 选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn) 告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford) 不定式宾语要牢记！ （二）跟动名词作宾语的动词有： 考虑（consider）完成（finish）多练习（practise） 避免（avoid）冒险（risk）求建议（suggest/recoomend） 面对（face）喜欢（enjoy/appreciate）和介意(mind) 允许（allow）承认（admit/permit）或放弃(give up/abandon) 推迟（put off/delay/postphone）逃避（escape）不原谅（excuse/pardon）提及（mention）坚持(keep/insist on）要想象（imagine/fancy） 还有词组feel like 和can’t stand！ 瞧！，我们就这样快快乐乐地记住了吧！ （三）在动词remember, try, regret, forget, need/want/require， stop, mean等后跟动名词V-和不定式意义不同，巧记一句话（记住努力；后悔忘记；需要停止；很有意义），学习采用对比法： remember to do something记着去做某事（现在还没有做） remember doing something记着曾做过某事（以前做过某事） try to do something努力、尽力做某事 try doing something试着做某事（看能否达到预期的结果） stop to do something开始做某事（停下正在做的事，开始做另一事） stop doing something停止做某事（停止正在做的事） regret to do something对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜 regret doing something对已经做过的事感到后悔
2007年全国21套高考试卷单项选择语法分类汇编本文将2007年全国高考试卷（2套）及各省市自主命题试卷（19套，包括上海春季高考卷）中的单项选择题（共280道）按照语法考点分为十六个专题进行汇编，便于师生训练、分析、归纳和总结。（注：广东卷没有单项选择题；宁夏卷及海南卷的单项选择题与全国卷Ⅰ相同）
2007年全国21套高考卷单项选择语法分类汇编 一．动词时态和语态 1. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time. [2007 全国卷I] A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 2. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago. [2007 全国卷I] A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been 3. —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. —Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ____ of my friends back home. [2007 全国卷II] A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking 4. —Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night? —I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. [2007 全国卷II] A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t 5. —Did you tidy your room? [2007 上海卷] — No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors. A. had B. have C. have had D. will have 6. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. [2007 上海卷] A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered 7. They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go. [2007 山东卷] A．had got B．got C．have got D．get 8. —Did Peter fix the computer himself? —He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers. [2007 安徽卷] A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it 9. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years. [2007 安徽卷] A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken C. haven' t spoken D. haven' t been speaking 10. —How can I apply for an online course? —Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you. [2007 北京卷] A. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see 11. I got caught in the rain and my suit____.[2007 北京卷] A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 12. —It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. —Oh, don’t mention it. I _____past your house anyway. [2007 北京卷] A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come 13. —I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.[2007 福建卷] —Impossible. She TV with me in my home then. A. watched B. had watched C. would watch D. was watching 14. Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. [2007 福建卷] A. works B. is working C. has worked D. worked 15. As the years passed, many occasions—birthdays, awards, graduations—________ with Dad’s flowers. [2007 湖南卷] A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked 16. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _____ English for a year. [2007 湖南卷] A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 17. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______.[2007 江苏卷] A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
第6章动词的-ing形式 动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”（gerund）和“现在分词”（present participle）两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。 一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类 与动词不定式一样，动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状语、宾语等。 A.动词-ing形式的一般式 1. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。 She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。 3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。 I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电
子邮件。 He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。 B. 动词-ing形式的完成式 动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已很熟悉。 I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。 注意： 在现代英语中，作宾语的-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。 I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。(=I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.) We remembered seeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。(=We remembered having seen the film. ) C. 动词-ing形式的被动形式 动词的-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。 1．一般式的被动形式 The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。
高中英语语法定语从句练习题 一. 单选： 1. A football fan is _____ has a strong interest in football. A. that B. who C. a person who D. what 2. The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. A. whose roof B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof 3. Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked D. you talked about 4. The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled. A. that B. what C. why D. for which 5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 6. Who _____ has common sense（常识）will do such a thing? A. which B. who C. whom D. that 7. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. those C. which D. what 8. They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front. A. what B. that C. which D. where 9. I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all 10. A child _____ parents have died is called an orphan.
高中英语语法总结大全之动词 动词 1）表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2）根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。 说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如： We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。（having是实义动词。） He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。 （has是助动词。） 3）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。） She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。） 4）根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。） She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。 说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。 5)根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如： The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。）
练习一 1．The trouble is we are short of tools ． A．what B．that C．how D．why that 2．That is there appears a rainbow in the sky ． A．what B．when C．why D．however 3． I can’t understand is he wants to change his mind． A．That , that B．Which , what C．What , what D．What, why 4．It is possible he misunderstood I said． A．that ,that B．what, what C．what , that D．that , what 5．The thought he might fail in the exam worried him ． A．which B．that C．when D．/ 6．The fact he is an orphan is well known． A．what B．that C．which D．/ 7． I was free that evening . A．It happened to B．It happened that C．That happened D．It was happened that 8． I will accept the gift is none of your business． A．If B．Whether C．What D．Which 9． I have will be yours sooner or later ． A．No matter what B．No matter whatever C．Whatever D．That 10．He always thinks he can do more for the people． A．of how B．how C．of that D．why 11． in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday ． A．It says B．It is said C．It has said D．He is said 12．We think it important college students should master at least one foreig n language ． A．which B．that C．what D．whether 13．Comrade Wang is to give us a talk on he saw and heard in Britain． A．what B．all what C．that D．which 14．The town is no longer it was ten years ago． A．which B．that C．what D．when 15． told you that was lying ． A．who B．whoever C．Anyone D．The person 16．Word came I was wanted at the office． A．which B．why C．that D．whether 17． nothing to do with us ． A．What he did is B．What he has done C．What did he do D．What he has done has
人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where, why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1. This is our school. It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2. This is our school. We study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. →I have read the newspaper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine = that 2. The boy who broke the window is called Wangkai. the boy =who 3. The boy whose parents are working outside was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.）much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 例：Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则 （一）陈述句的变化规则 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思 例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.”→He said that he liked it very much. 2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.” →He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化
高中英语语法大全动词的语态 一.概念： 动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系.英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态.主动语态用于主动句,表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态用于被动句,表示主语是动作的承受者.主动语态的构成方式与动词时态相同,而被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成,有人称,数,时态的变化. 相关知识点精讲 1. let 的用法 1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。例如： They let the strange go.他们放陌生人走了。 ---> The strange was let go. 2）当let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。例如： The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那护士让我去探望住院的同学。 ----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital. 2.短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如： My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。
Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。 3. 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如： It is said that…据说 It is reported that… 据报道 It is believed that…大家相信 It is hoped that…大家希望 It is well known that… 众所周知 It is thought that…大家认为 It is suggested that…据建议 It i s taken granted that…被视为当然 It has been decided that… 大家决定 It must be remember that… 务必记住的是
虚拟语气 一、用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意使用合适的情态动词助动词 1. If I _____ my teacher before I graduated, I _____ him how much I appreciated him.(see, tell) 2. What do you think would happen if there_____no water in the world?(be) 3. But for the help from the police, I couldn’t_____ the hospital as soon as possible.(find) 4. It was demanded that no smoking _____ in the office, which made me satisfied. (allow) 5. If there had not been the new roads built by him, no changes _____ place in this small village. (take) 6. If Mr Wang _____ late for the meeting this weekend, what should we do? (come) 7. The hard study requires that I _____ at 5 o’clock every morning.(get up) 8. I wish I _____ the film the day before yesterday.(see) 9. It is natural that our government _____ the plan they had made.(stick) 10. How I wish every family______a warm house in such cold weather.(have) 二．单选 1. If you had given me enough time, I___ my part of the work. A. would finish B. must have finished C. would have finished D. had finished 2. Five minutes earlier, we ___ the train. A. will catch B. would catch C. would have caught D. will have caught 3. Our English teacher requires that we ___ a essay everyday. A. write B. written C. would write D. will write 4.Had my sister studied hard this term, she___ the final exam with flying colours. A. would pass B. could pass C. had passed D. would have passed 5.I wish I ___ what is happening there in WuHan now. A. know B. known C. knew D. should know 6.It is important that we ___ sports every day in the room because of the coronavirus. A. have B. would have C. must have D. will have 7.If there were no clear air in the world, everything including you and me ___. A. will die B. would die C. would have died D. would have been dead 8. ___ what was going to happen, I would never have left for America. A. Had I known B. If I know C. If I knew D. If had I known 9.The goverment ordered that the rescue operation ___ right away. A. should start B. started C. would be started D. be started 10. If only I _____ my new iphone!
高中英语语法总结 第一章主谓一致 (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项: 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。 2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. When we’ll go o ut for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳. No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球. More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到 More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词”等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table.
5. 动词 1）表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2）根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。 说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如： We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。（having是实义动词。） He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。 （has是助动词。） 3）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。） She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。） 4）根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。） She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。 说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。 5) 根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如： The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。） Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。） The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。） 6）动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。 5.1 系动词 系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 说明： 有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如： He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。） He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。 1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：