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某城镇污水处理厂初步设计设计Word

某城镇污水处理厂初步设计设计Word
某城镇污水处理厂初步设计设计Word

灵宝市污水处理厂初步设计

摘要

水是人类的生命之源,它孕育和滋养了地球上的一切生物,并从各个方面为人类服务。但是,水环境中的淡水资源却很少,仅占总量的2.53%,而目前能供人类直接取用的淡水资源仅占0.22%。加之自然水源的季节变化和地区差异,以及自然水体遭到的普遍污染,致使可能直接取用的优质水量日益短缺,难以满足人们生活和工农业生产日益增长的需求,因此保护和珍惜水资源,是整个社会的共同职责。所以说水资源是基础性自然资源、战略性经济资源,水资源安全属于资源和经济安全。

80年代以来,废水生物处理新工艺的研究、开发和应用,已在全世界范围内得到了长足的进展,并出现了许多新型的废水生物处理技术。这些新工艺有的已在国内外实际工程中得到了良好的应用,有的已显示出其良好的应用发展前景、得到广大的研究者和工程技术人员的关注并正在得到不断深入的研究,他们的共同特点是高效、稳定、节能,并具有对污染物去除的多功能性,大多具有脱氮除磷等深度处理的良好效能,并正朝自动化控制的方向发展。

近年来,随着灵宝市经济不断发展,人口和工业产值也随之增加,生活用水和工业用水的需求也急剧扩大,如此必然引起污水量的增加,一系列水环境问题将日益突出。如不及时对产生的污水进行治理,那么灵宝市的水环境污染将严重下去,整个市区的生活环境和生态平衡都将受到更为严重的破坏,而这一切的恢复将是十分缓慢的,要为之付出的代价也十分昂贵。因此,必须建立一座生活污水处理厂。污水通过治理可以缓解和减轻水环境污染,缓解水资源的供需矛盾,为灵宝市的经济文化的发展创造有利条件。工程的兴建,一方面为人们提供优质的生活污水,提高人们的生活质量和健康水平;另一方面是工业用水水质得到保障。本设计是针对灵宝市的实际情况而设计的。由于灵宝市生活用水的流量较大、SS含量高、氮磷等也都需要有一定的去除。A2/O在同时脱氮除磷去除有机物的的工艺中,该工艺流程最为简单,总水力停留时间也少于同类其他工艺,在厌氧—缺氧—好氧交替运行下,丝菌不会大量繁殖,SVI一般小于100,不会发生污泥膨胀等优点。

关键词:污水处理,A2/O,脱氮除磷

The Process Design for LingBao Wastewater Treatment

Plant

ABSTRACT

Water is the source of human life, conceived and nourish the all living things on the earth, and from all aspects for human services. However, fresh water resources in water environment is rarely, accounts for only 2.53% of the total, and can now directly access for human accounted for only 0.22% of freshwater resources. Combined with the seasonal variation and regional differences of natural water sources, as well as the general pollution of natural water bodies, and can directly access the water quality of increasingly scarce, hard to meet the needs of people's life and industrial and agricultural production is increasing, so protect and cherish water resources, is a common responsibility of society as a whole. So water is the foundational natural resource and strategic economic resources, water resources security belongs to resources and economic security.

Since the 80 s, a new process for biological treatment of wastewater in the research, development and application, it has been great progress in worldwide, and led to many new types of wastewater biological treatment technology. Some of these new techniques has got good application in practical engineering at home and abroad, some of which have been showing its good application prospect, receive the attention of researchers and engineers and is being constantly in-depth study, their common characteristic is high efficiency, stability, energy saving, and has the versatility of pollutant removal, most has the depth of processing such as nitrogen and phosphorus in good efficiency, and is developing in the direction of the automation control.

In recent years, With the economic development of LingBao, population and industrial output also increased, the living water and industrial water demand is increasing dramatically, so will cause the increased amount of

sewage, a series of water environment problem increasingly prominent. If not in time to produce

sewage treatment, so LingBao serious water environment pollution, the whole urban living environment and ecological balance will be more serious damage, the recovery of all of these will be very slow, to pay the price is also very expensive. So we must build a sewage treatment plant. Sewage through governance can relieve and reduce the water pollution of the environment, ease the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, for the economic and cultural development of LingBao create favorable conditions. Engineering construction, on the one hand provide people with the high quality of sewage, improve people's quality of life and health level; On the other hand is the industrial water quality guaranteed. This design is designed according to actual situation of LingBao. Because of its high LingBao life water flow, high SS content, nitrogen and phosphorus are also need to have a certain removal. A2O denitrification and phosphorus removal at the same time in the process of the organic matter, the process is the most simple, always similar hydraulic retention time is less than other processes, the alternating anaerobic - anoxic - aerobic running, bacteria will not thrive, SVI generally less than 100, advantages of sludge bulking will not occur.

KEY WORDS: Wastewater Treatment,A2/O,Nitrogen and phosphorus removal

目录

前言 (1)

第1章设计概论 (3)

1.1 设计依据和任务 (3)

1.1.1原始依据 (3)

1.1.2 设计内容 (3)

1.1.3 设计要求 (4)

第2章工艺流程图的确定 (5)

2.1 工艺流程的方案比较 (5)

2.1.1 SBR工艺 (5)

2.1.2 氧化沟工艺 (6)

2.1.3 A2/O工艺 (7)

2.2 工艺流程的选择 (8)

2.2.1 污水处理工艺 (9)

2.2.2污泥处理工艺 (11)

第3章主要构筑物计算 (13)

3.1 污水主干管 (13)

3.1.1 设计参数 (13)

3.1.2 泵前中格栅 (13)

3.2 污水提升泵房 (15)

3.3泵后细格栅 (16)

3.4 沉砂池 (18)

3.5 初沉池 (20)

3.6 A2/O工艺 (22)

3.7曝气系统设计计算 (25)

3.8二沉池 (28)

3.9接触池与加氯间 (30)

3.10污泥泵房 (31)

3.11污泥浓缩池 (32)

3.12贮泥池 (33)

3.13脱水间 (33)

第4章平面及高程布置 (35)

4.1污水厂的平面布置 (35)

4.1.1平面布置的一般原则 (35)

4.1.2平面布置的具体内容 (35)

4.2污水厂的高程布置 (36)

4.2.1 高程布置原则 (36)

4.2.2 高程布置的注意事项 (36)

4.2.3 高程布置方法 (37)

4.2.4高程布置计算 (38)

4.2.5污水提升泵静扬程校核 (40)

4.2.6污泥高程设计计算 (41)

结论 (42)

谢辞 (43)

参考文献 (44)

外文资料翻译 (45)

前言

本次毕业设计的课题是河南省灵宝市污水处理厂初步设计。

灵宝市位于河南省西部,由三门峡市代管。近年来,灵宝市经济社会发展迅速,城市发展所面临的资源环境问题日益突出,尤其是该市没有污水集中处理设施,这不利于该市水污染的有效防治和水资源的充分利用。因此,在强调坚持可持续发展,转变经济增长方式的今天,兴建污水处理厂便有着重大的现实意义。

本次设计的灵宝市污水处理厂规模较小,投资不宜过大,应考虑采用稳定可靠,成本低廉的处理工艺。本设计的总体污染物控制指标应达到GB18918-2002 所规定的一级 B标准。在综合比较了多种常用工艺的基础上,为满足相关的技术要求,本设计决定采用A2/O处理工艺。

A2/O法又称AAO法,是英文Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic第一个字母的简称(厌氧-缺氧-好氧法),是一种常用的二级污水处理工艺,可用于二级污水处理或三级污水处理,以及中水回用,具有良好的脱氮除磷效果。

该法是20世纪70年代,由美国的一些专家在AO法脱氮工艺基础上开发的。

工艺特点

1、本工艺在系统上可以称为最简单的同步脱氮除磷工艺,总水力停留时间少于其他类工艺;

2、在厌氧(缺氧)、好氧交替运行条件下,丝状菌不能大量增殖,不易发生污泥丝状膨胀,SVI值一般小于100;

3、污泥含磷高,具有较高肥效;

4、运行中勿需投药,两个A段只用轻轻搅拌,以不增加溶解氧为度,运行费用低;

存在的待解决问题:

1、除磷效果难再提高,污泥增长有一定限度,不易提高,特别是P/BOD 值高时更甚;

2、脱氮效果也难再进一步提高,内循环量一般以2Q为限,不宜太高;

3、进入沉淀池的处理水要保持一定浓度的溶解氧,减少停留时间,防

止产生厌氧状态和污泥释放磷的现象出现,但溶解氧浓度也不宜过高,以防循环混合液对缺氧反应器的干扰。

本次设计是对我们三年大学学习的全面考察,要求我们综合运用所学知识,用科学理论解决具体的实际问题。通过本次设计,我们积累了必要的设计经验,这对我们今后的工作而言是十分重要的。

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