第一讲冠词
冠词是一种虚词，置于名词之前。冠词主要指定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词。定冠词the的基本概念是”特指’’,用于专指同类中的某一人或物或专指某一类人或物。不定冠词a、an的基本概念是’’非特指’’，基本含义是’’一个’’，用于指某类人或物的任何一个或某一个。零冠词是指名词前的一种无形的冠词，即不用冠词。
一、定冠词
（1）表示独一无二的或被认为是唯一的名词前
The sun has been playing a game of hide-and-seek with us all day.
太阳整天都在和我们捉迷藏，时而露脸，时而隐没。
The sky is the color of jade.
天空澄澈如玉。
The earth we abuse and the living things we will kill ,in the end ,take their revenge. 我们滥用地球而且杀害生物，他们终将进行报复。
（2）表示特指的人或物的名词前（特指说话人心目中知道的人或事物）
Where are the other students? 别的学生在哪儿？
The snows came. 下雪天来临了。
She likes the man of no little humor. 她喜欢那个幽默风趣的人。（特指）
She likes a man of no little humor.她喜欢幽默风趣的人。（泛指）
（3）用于特指上文提到的人或物，或说话双方都知道的人或物。
Look! A car has stopped there. The car is beautiful.
瞧，有辆汽车在那停下了，那辆汽车真漂亮。
（4）形容词最高级、副词最高级或序数词前
根据英语习惯，在形容词其最高级前要用定冠词。
Winter is the coldest season of the year. 冬天是一年中最冷的季节。
但是，副词最高级前的定冠词有时可以省略。
Who works (the ) hardest ? 谁工作最努力？
另外，在序数词前也要用定冠词，用以表示特定的顺序。
September is the ninth month of the year. 九月是一年中的第九个月。
（5）姓氏的复数形式前，表示“一家人”，有时也指特定兄弟、姐妹、父子、夫妻The Smiths often go downtown on Sundays.
史密斯一家星期天常到商业街去。
The Wrights made the first flying machine in the world.
莱特兄弟制造了世界上第一架飞机。
（6）球类运动和乐器名词前冠词的使用
在表示球类运动的名词前一般不用冠词，在表示乐器的名词前习惯上用定冠词
球类运动：
play basketball 打篮球 play tennis 打网球 play volleyball 打排球
乐器弹奏：
Play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴
注意：在西洋乐器名词前，用the ;而中国民族乐器前不用冠词，如erhu。
（7）形容词、动名词、分词前表示一类人或物或某种抽象概念
The young like skiing. 年轻人喜欢滑雪。
The old is always opposite to the new. 旧的东西总是同新的东西相对立。
注意：表示一类人或物的时候，谓语动词用复数。
（8）表示方向、方位的名词前
①在介词短语中，方向、方位名词前要用定冠词。
Birds come back from the south in spring.
春天鸟儿从南方飞来。
②但有一些特殊情况
north by east 北偏东 from east to west 从东到西
south by west 南偏西 east by north 东偏北
（9）表示单位的名词前（有时具有every ,each ,per的含义）
结构通常为：by +the +单位名词，to + the +单位名词，a/an/the +单位名词
They are paid by the week. 他们按周计酬。
The apples are sold by the pound. 苹果按磅卖。
（10）“the + 比较级，the +比较级”结构，表示“越……，越……”
The sooner, the better . 越快越好。
The more a man has ,the more he wants. 人拥有的越多，想要的越多。
（11）定冠词用于整十数词的复数名词前，表示世纪中的年代。
He went to Japan with his family in the sixties. 他在六十年代和家人一起去了日本。
in the 1980s/in the 1980’s 在20世纪80年代
（12）关于定冠词的固定搭配
in the sun 在阳光下 in the future 在未来 in the end 最后
at the same time 同时 at the end of在……结束时
in the distance 在远处 in the middle of 在……之中 go to the doctor 看病
on the other hand 另一方面 to tell the truth 说实话
二、不定冠词
（1）a和 an的用法区别
a和an的区别，主要是看后面的修饰单词的第一个读音：a用于辅音前，如a pen ,a tree,a room等；an 用于元音前，如an egg ,an idea,an ugly man 等。
注意：①hour,honest,honor等单词拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头，但h不发音，读音仍是元音，所以用an.
An hour ago ,an honest man zccpected an honorable task.
一小时以前，一个诚实的人接受了一项光荣的任务。
②有些单词虽然以元音字母开头，但读音以辅音开头，它们之前应a,如
useful,European，one-way等。
In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walked along a one-way road with a useful thing.
在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个独眼的人拿着一个有用的东西沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常的事。
(2)表示“一”这个数量
不定冠词的最基本用法是表示泛指或不确指，基本意义是“一”。
Stan is an old friend of mine.斯坦是我的一位老朋友。
表泛指时，有较强的类别含义，指同类中的任何一个。
A square has four sides. 正方形有四条边。
（3）用在可数名词前，表示一类人或物。
A child needs love.儿童需要爱。
A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with. 刀是切割工具。
（4）用在某些物质名词前，表示“一阵、一份、一类、一场”等
He was caught in a heavy rain. 他遇上了一阵大雨。
I would like to have an ice-cream. 我想要一份冰淇淋。
（5）用在姓名前或Mr./Mrs./Ms. + 姓氏前，表示“某一个，某位”，有不确定的意味；也可表示“一位”，表示某家庭的成员。
She has married a Jackson. 她嫁给了一个姓杰克逊的男人。
A Mr. Thomson wanted to see you . 一个叫汤姆森的先生要见你。
（6）不定冠词的固定搭配
as a matter of fact 其实 as a result 结果 take a chance 冒险
in a word 简言之 in the future 在未来
take a walk/rest/shower 散步/休息/洗澡 have a try 试一试
in a sense 在某种意义上 in a hurry 匆忙的 make a living 谋生
at a disadvantage 处于不利地位
by day 在白天 go to bed 睡觉
by the day 按天计算 go to the bed 到床前
go to school 去学校上学 in front of 在……前面（外部）
go to the school 去这所学校 in the front of 在……前面（内部）
三、零冠词
（1）不可数名词前一般用零冠词，通常用some、any、a little、a piece of 等表示数量。
any information 任何信息 a piece of news 一条消息 a little oil 一点油
注意：一些不可数名词：love , glass, water, air, paper, money, bread, music 等。
（2）一日三餐的名词前冠词的使用
①通常情况下，breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper 前都是零冠词。
They are having breakfast . 他们正在吃早餐。
②如需特指，要用定冠词。
Thankyou for the breakfast. 谢谢你的这顿早餐。
③若被形容词修饰且不是特指，可用不定冠词。
We had a very late lunch. 我们很晚才吃完午饭。
After a quick breakfast , he hurried to the station.
匆匆忙忙吃完早餐，他就赶到车站去了。
（3）复数名词表示某一类人或事物，或泛指数量不定的人或事物。
Bicycles are still very useful nowsdays. 现在自行车仍然很有用。
（4）在于by 连用的交通工具名词前不加冠词
by car ,by bus, by bike, by train
但可以说：come in a boat, on the train/bus
（5）零冠词的固定搭配
after school 放学后 after class 下课后 in bed 躺在床上
day by day 日复一日 by chance 意外的 by mistake 无意的
for example 例如 in case 以防万一 in fact 事实上
练习题
1. When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have ______ bed.
A. the breakfast in
B. the breakfast in the
C. breakfast in
D. breakfast in the
2. Beyond ______ stars the astronaut saw nothing but ______ space.
A. the, 不填
B. 不填，the
C. 不填，不填
D. the, the
3. Alexander Graham Bell invented ________ telephone in 1876.
A. 不填
B. a
C. the
D. one
4. After watching ____ TV, she played _____ violin for an hour.
A. 不填，不填
B. the, the
C. the, 不填
D. 不填，the
5. Jimmy bought — car yesterday, but it is ____ used one.
A. a; a
B. a; an
C. a; the
D. the; an
6. Paper money was in ____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteenth century.
A. the, 不填
B. the, the
C. 不填，the
D. 不填，不填
7. Have you seen ______ pen? I left it here this morning.
Is it ____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A. a, the
B. the, the
C. the, a
D. a, a
8. She is _____ newcomer to ____ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
A. the, the
B. the, 不填
C. a, 不填
D. a, the
9. Many people agree that ___ knowledge of English is a must in ____ international trade today.
A. a, 不填
B. the, an
C. the, the
D. 不填，the
10． ______ usually go to church every Sunday.
A. The Brown
B. A Brown
C. Browns
D. The Browns
11. The train is running fifty miles ______.
A. an hour
B. one hour
C. the hour
D. a hour
12. ___ earth we live on is bigger than___ moon.
A. The, a
B. The, the
C. An, a
D. An, the
13. — What’s the matter with you ?
—I caught ___ bad cold and had to stay in ___bed.
A. a, /
B. a, the
C. a, a
D. the, the
14. —Do you know ___ lady in blue?
—Yes. She is a teacher of a university.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. /
15. —Where’s ___ nearest supermarket?
—It’s over there, just around the corner.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
16. The young man will work in ___ school as a math teacher.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. /
17. Don’t talk to Tom like that, he is only ____ eleven-year-old boy.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. 不填
18. The investigators found that more should be done for ______ in India.
A. those poor
B. a poor
C. poor
D. the poor
19. He grabbed me ______ and pulled me onto the bus.
A. a arm
B. an arm
C. the arm
D. by the arm
20. “How did you pay the workers?”
“As a rule, they are paid ______.”
A. by an hour
B. by the hour
C. by a hour
D. by hours
21. What _____ exciting football match! Our team beat Tom’s team at last.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
22. In the United States, Father’s Day falls on _____ third Sunday in _____ June.
A. the，不填
B. the, a
C. 不填, the
D. a, 不填
23. I have two dogs. ______ black one is two years old and ______ yellow one is three years old.
A. A, a
B. The, a
C. The, the
D. A. the
24. ______ new bridge has been built over ______ Huangpu River.
A. The, a
B. A, /
C. A, the
D. An, an
25. －What color is ______ orange?
－It’s _____ orange.
A. an, an
B. an, the
C. an, /
D. /, an
高一英语冠词专题训练答案及解析 一、单项选择冠词 1．— Have you seen ______ film before? —Yes. I saw it on ______ Christmas Day, but I can’t remember the exact year. A．a; a B．a; the C．the; a D．the; the 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：你以前看过这部电影吗？嗯，我在一个圣诞节看过，但是不记得具体是哪一年了。the是定冠词，一般用于特指的名词前；a是不定冠词，一般用于泛指的，有后置定语的一般都用the。题中the film是特指这部电影，圣诞节是泛指的一个，故选C。 考点：考查定冠词the和不定冠词a的用法区别。 2．“Long time no see” is _____ sort of informal, but it is part of _____ language that Americans use daily. A．the; a B．a; the C．不填；the D．a; a 【答案】C 【解析】 考查冠词的用法。第一空考查短语：sort of 几分，有点，所以前不加冠词，第二空是特指，后面有定语从句修饰，所以先行词前需加the。因此答案选C。 3．Last year our team went to Seattle and won ______ second place. Personally, I think the team that was ______ champion cheated. A．/, the B．the, the C．a, the D．the, / 【答案】A 【解析】考查冠词。句意：去年我们的队去西雅图，赢了第二。就我个人而言，我认为，冠军队作弊了。固定搭配：second place第二名；the champion冠军。故选A。 4．Living in_________ ever increasingly fast-paced world, we are facing greater competition, so we must take _________ advantage of every opportunity to develop. A．an; the B．an; / C．the; an D．the; / 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查冠词：第一空填an，生活在一个快节奏的世界，单词even以元音字母e 开头，所以是an；第二空不填，固定词组take advantage of意思“利用”，句意：生活在一个快节奏的世界，我们面对较大的竞争，因此我们必须利用每个机会去发展。选B。 考点：考查冠词 点评：冠词是高中学生必须掌握的知识点，虽然在初中就提到冠词，由于冠词的用法太
冠词 1. Alice is fond of playing ___ piano while Henry is interested in listening to ___ music. A. /, the B. /, / C. the, / D. the, the 2. Alexander Grander Bell invented ___ telephone in 1876. A. / B. a C. the D. one 3. ---Where is Jack? ---I think he’s still in ___ bed, but he might just be in ___ bathroom. A. /, / B. the, the C. the, / D. /, the 4. Many people are still in ___ habit of writing silly things in ___ public places. A. the, the B. /, the C. the, / D. /, / 5. She is ___ newcomer to ___ chemistry, but she has already made some important discoveries. A. the, the B. the, / C. a, / D. a, the 6. Wouldn’t it be ___ wonderful world if all nations lived in ___ peace with one another? A. a, / B. the, / C. a, the D. the, the 7. Many people agree that ___ knowledge of English is a must in ___ international trade today. A. a, / B. the, an C. the, the D. /, the 8. ---Have you seen ___ pen? I left it here this morning. ---Is it ___ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a 9. Paper money was in ___ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___ thirteenth century. A. the, / B. the, the C. /, the D. /, / 10. Most animals have little connection with ___ animals of ___ different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the, a B. /, a C. the, the D. /, the 11. ___ coffee that we drank just now was given to us by ___ Jacksons. A. /, / B. The, / C. /, the D. The, the 12. I remember he lives in ___ south, so we shouldn’t be walking ___ south. A. /, / B. /, the C. the, / D. the, the 13. They spent ___ getting the problem settled. A. so a long time B. quite a long time C. quite long a time D. such long a time 14. ___ People’s Republic of China has opened its door to ___ rest of ___ world. A. The, /, the B. /, the, the C. The, the, the D. /, /, the 15. Your shoes and mine are ___. A. of size B. in a size C. same big D. of a size 16. ---What was he before? ---He was ___ medical worker before he turned ___ worker. A. a, the B. the, a C. the, / D. a, / 17. They have begun to study ___ German language. A. a B. an C. the D. / 18. My uncle needs ___ x-ray examination of the lung. A. a B. an C. the D. some 19. Lesson Four is ___ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ___ most difficult lesson in Book II. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a
英语冠词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择冠词 1．An engineer has designed _______ robot that can work in _______ deep sea to clean waste. A．a; the B．a; a C．/; the D．the; / 【答案】A 【解析】 这题考查冠词;第一空填a，泛指“一个机器人”，第二空填the，特指“在深海”，句意是：一个工程师发明的一个机器人可以在深海工作清除废物的。选A。 2．Mr. Brown, ______ chairman of the trade union, will visit our factory in _____ month of May. A．/; the B．a; the C．the; / D．the; the 【答案】A 【解析】 这题冠词的用法：第一空不填，因为chairman是职位，第二空填the，是特指5月。选A。 3．----- Do you go to ______ church every Sunday? ----- Yes. I believe _______God blesses me all _____ time. A．the;/; the B．/ ; /; / C．a; /; the D．/; /; the 【答案】D 【解析】 考查冠词，第一空不填，表示go to church“去教堂”，第二空不填，上帝前面不加冠词，第三空填the，all the time“一直”，句意是：|你每个星期天做礼拜吗？|是的，我相信上帝会一直保佑我的。选D。 4．_______ meeting held last night was _________ great success. A．A; a B．A ; / C．The ; a D．The ; / 【答案】C 【解析】 考查冠词。The meeting为特指昨天晚上举行的会议；success作为成功的人或事，为可数名词，选C。 5．What ________ wonderful time we had at ________ Smiths’ then! A．a; 不填B．a; the C．不填；the D．the; the 【答案】B 【解析】 句意：那时我们在史密斯家有一段多么美好的日子呀！第一空：time 在这指日子，时期。是可数名词所以用a,第二空：the+ Smiths,指史密斯一家，所以选B。
考点一：名词和名词辨析 1. While she was in Paris, she developed a __________ for fine art. A. way B. relation C. taste D. habit 2.As the world’s population continues to grow, the ______ of food becomes more and more of a concern. 3. A.worth B.supply C.package D. list 4.With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _______ for the better. 5. A.share B.chance C. turn D. lead 6.Poetry written from the _________ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging. 7. A.perspective B.priority C.participation D. privilege 8.Carbon dioxide, which makes a __________ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer. 9. A.difference https://www.doczj.com/doc/512241199.html,parison C.connection D. barrier 10.Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _______ . 11. A.curiosity B.satisfaction C. envy D. patience 12.The accident caused some ________ to my car, but it’s nothing serious. 13. A.harm B.injury C. ruin D. damage 14.Your __________ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflection on how you learn. 15. A.operation B.growth C. performance D. character 16.My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. 17. A.expression B.attention C.satisfaction D. impression 18.You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________ . 19. A.purpose B.reference C.progress D. memory 20.It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ____ . 21. A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow 22.You are working too hard. You’d better keep a _________ between work and relaxation. 23. A.promise B.lead C.balance D.diary 24.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _________ . 25. A. consequence B.independence https://www.doczj.com/doc/512241199.html,petence D. intelligence 26.Anyway, I can’t cheat him---it’s against all my ________ . 27. A. emotions B.principles C.regulations D. opinions 28.There’s a _______ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. 29. A.tradition B.balance C.concern D. relationship 30.I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond _________ . 31. A.hearing B. strength C.recognition D. measure 32.This restaurant has become popular for its wide _______ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. 33. A. division B.area C.range D. circle
突破点2 冠词用于固定搭配中 1．(2016·河南郑州高三质量预测)That's just what happened one day in 1940. Four boys were taking 62.a walk in the woods near Montignac. 【解析】take a walk散步，固定短语。 2．(2016·河北衡水中学高三期末)The two features of life in England that possibly give visitors the worst impressions are the English weather and English cooking. 61.the former is a natural phenomenon and nobody can do anything about it. 【解析】the former前者，固定搭配。 3．(2016·浙江卷)Every time he arrived home at end of the day, we'd greet him at the door. 【解析】at the end of在……末尾，固定短语。 【答案】在end前加the 4．(2016·湖北黄冈高三质检)I was walking to school this morning when I caught a sight of an old woman with a walking stick lying on the ground. 【解析】catch sight of看见，固定短语。 【答案】去掉a 5．(2017·福建福州外校高三适应性考试)What made matters worse was the fact that my classmates made a fun of me at times. 【解析】make fun of…取笑，固定搭配。 【答案】去掉a 1
第一层级|抓牢“词法”——保基本分 第一讲名词和冠词 在高考中，语法填空和短文改错重点考查名词的单 复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。在 语法填空和短文改错中，解答有关名词的题目时，一要 根据在句中所作的成分确定是否使用名词。名词在句中常用作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。二要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语的情况以及主谓一致原则来确定名词单复数。 (一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空) It was late at night. Two 1.________ (German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly, one of them, Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three thousand 2.______ (dollar) in her pocket. “What should I do? Many 3.______ (thief) usually bring 4.________ (knife) with them，”she thought in 5.________ (silent). After two 6.________ (minute) search, the thief happened to touch a sports suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went out to the next room where two 7.________ (Frenchman) were sleeping. When he was looking for 8.________ (money) or some 9.________ (jewel) in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the police. And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police showed up. Before the thief ran away, the police caught him. For Mrs. Green, it was really an unusual 10.________ (experience)．答案：1.Germans 2.dollars 3.thieves 4.knives 5.silence 6.minutes' 7.Frenchmen8.money9.jewels/jewelry10.experience (二)快捷技法
选择题： 1. The students of Grade7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many there. A. bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit 2. ---How many are there on the table? ---Only two. A. Glasses of orange B. Glasses of oranges C. Glass of orange D. Glass of oranges 3.---Could you please tell me something about the two ? --- .They are exchange students of No.1 Middle school. A. Frenchmen; Yes, please B.Frenchmans; Come on C.Germen; Not at all D.Germans; All right. 4. We can see two in the picture. A.apple tree B. apples trees C.apple trees 5. When autumn comes, the the tree turns yellow. A. Leaf on B.leaves on C.leaf in D.leaves in 6.Tomorrow I’m going to my . It’s a . A.aunt; five minutes’ walk B.aunt’s;five minute’s walk C.aunt;five minute’s walk D.aunt’s; five minutes’walk. 7. mothers both work in the same hospital. A. Tim and Peter’s B. Tim’s and Peter C.Tim’s and Peter’s D.Tim and Peter 8. This desk is . A. Tom’s and John’s B. Tom and John C. Tom and John’s D.Tom’s and John 9. ---Two died in the accident. --- terrible it is! A.policemen; How B.policeman; What C.police; What D.policemans; How 10. ----It’s really hot today. What drink do we have today in the fridge? ----We have some . A.noodle B.cheese C.sausages D.lemonade 11.Near our school there are two . A. shoes shops B.shoes shop C.shoe shop 12. Nowadays, people can get much from newspapers, TV, and the Internet. A. ideas B. stories C.photos https://www.doczj.com/doc/512241199.html,rmation. 13. Three are eating the grass at the foot of the mountain. A.sheeps B.sheep C.sheepes D.ships 14.Our school is just ten away from the school.
冠词 一．不定冠词 1.不定冠词a,an A用于以辅音因素或半元音因素/j/,/w/开头的单词。 An用于元音因素开头的单词 注意:元音因素开头的单词，首字母不一定就是元音字母例如，hour,honest等单词，看起来是以辅音字母开头，但是发音时辅音字母h没有发音，而是以元音开头，因此前面应加不定冠词an。而有些单词如university,uniform等单词，是以元音字母u开头，但是读音时u 发半元音/j/开头，所以前面应加a。 2.不定冠词的用法。 （1）用于可数名词的单数前，表示数量“一”，如： I have a new pen. (2)表示一类人或物，如： An elephant is big and strong. (3)第一次提到的人或物，如： Look, a dog is running to us. (4)表示“每一”的意思，如： I go shopping once a week.
3.不定冠词的固定搭配 have a look 看一下have a good time 玩得愉快 take a break 休息一下take a walk 散步 in a hurry 急匆匆地half an hour 半小时 a lot of 许多，大量 a great deal of 大量+不可数名词a number of 许多+可数名词 a few 一些+可数名词 a little 一些+不可数名词 二．定冠词 1.定冠词the的用法 （1）特指某些人或物，例如： The woman in red dress is my mother. (2)特指前面提到过的人或物，例如： I have a dog. The dog is cute. (3)指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 What do you think of the novel? (4)指宇宙间独一无二的东西，如： The moon is bright at night. (5)用于单数名词前表示一类人或物，如： The horse is a useful animal. (6)用于序数词前，如：、
第一部分语法知识专题一名词、代词和冠词 挖命题 【考情探究】 考点考向 考情分析 预测热 度高考示例 设题方式 2018-112018-062017-112017-062016-10 名词1.名词和动词、 形容词等之间 的词性转换 2.名词的单数和 复数 3.名词的所有格 women (woman) weight (weigh) dishes (dish) months (month) carrots (carrot) pages (page) performanc e (perform) 1.根据所给的相关提示词(动词、形 容词等),写出相应的名词 2.根据上下文判断名词用单数形式 还是复数形式以及复数名词的构 成形式 3.在无提示词的情况下根据语境写 出适当的名词。这类词一般都是固 定结构或在上下文有明确的提示 ★★★ 代词1.不定代词 2.物主代词 3.指示代词 4.人称代词 5.疑问代词 6.反身代词 7.it的用法 them (they) it their (they) myself(I) 1.根据上下文的语境写出合适的代 词 2.根据所给的相关提示词,一般是 同根词,写出合适的代词形式。这种 形式主要出现在人称代词、物主代 词和反身代词的相互转换方面 ★★☆ 冠词 1.定冠词an a 根据上下文的逻辑关系填写合适 的定冠词、不定冠词 ★★☆
2.不定冠词 3.零冠词 分析解读 对词性的直接考查主要集中在语篇型填空题中,而间接的考查则体现在写作中,不论是应用文写作还是读后续写或概要写作,以上三类词都起着非常重要的作用。 一、名词 1.根据上下文判断是否用名词,是否用名词的复数形式。因此考生一定要掌握名词复数形式的构成规则．．．．．．．．．．．。 2.根据所给的同根词,写出相应的名词。因此考生要掌握英语单词的基本构词法。2019年与名词有关的词性转换将是考查的热点。同时特别注意既有词性转换．．．．．,．又有复数形式的考查方式．．．．．．．．．．． 。 3.有可能在无提示词的情况下根据语境写出适当的名词。这类词一般都是固定结构或在上下文中有明确的提示。因此考生要掌握一些含有名词的固定词组。这类设题的难度较大,近年都没有涉及,但是,考生还是应当做出必要的准备。 二、代词 1.根据上下文的语境写出合适的代词。 2.根据所给的同根词,写出合适的代词形式。因此考生要掌握英语代词的各种形式之间的转换规则和形式。 三、冠词 根据上下文的逻辑关系选择合适的定冠词或不定冠词。在此类考查中,名词实际上起着主要的作用．．．．．．．．．．．．。所以要重点研究与设空处相关的名词。 从以上考查方式中可以看出,对这三类词的考查主要集中在对上下文的理解上．．．．．．．．,因此,读懂句子,读懂上下文,抓住上下文的主旨,是这类题目的解题关键。 破考点 【考点集训】 考点一 名词 1.Whenever I made mistakes,the teacher pointed them out with (patient). 答案 patience
中考英语冠词专项讲解及练习 一、初中英语冠词 1．—You've dropped "s" in the word "necessary". —Oh, letter "s" is doubled. A. a; a B. a; the C. an; the D. the; the 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——你在单词necessary中丢了一个字母“s”。——哦，这个字母“s”是双写字母。字母s是以元音音素【e】开头的，不定冠词an用于以元音开头的单词前表示泛指一；这个字母“s”，说话双方都知道，因此用定冠词the，故选C。 【点评】本题考查冠词用法。我们要掌握冠词的使用规则。 2．—Did you get up late this morning? —Yes, so after______quick breakfast, I had to run to office A. / B. the C. a 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——今天早上你起晚了吗？——是的，所以匆匆吃过早饭后，我不得不跑去办公室．英文中三餐前一般是零冠词，但如三餐前有形容词等修饰表示一顿具体的饭时，则其前应用不定冠词，故选择C． 【点评】考查冠词的辨析。 3．This is ______ interesting story for the kids. A. an B. a C. / 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：这对孩子们是一个有趣的故事。interesting有趣的，是元音发音开头的单词，所以用an，故答案为A。 【点评】考查冠词辨析，注意不定冠词和零冠词的用法。 4．—When will car race begin —I'm not sure. Maybe next week, or maybe week after next A. a; the B. an; the C. the; a D. the; the 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：——汽车比赛什么时候开始？——我不太确定，也许下个周，也许下下个周。第一空指双方都知道的事，故用定冠词the；第二空也是特指、故选D。 【点评】考查冠词的用法。
高考英语语法名词冠词和代词考点精讲 知识讲解 知识点一名词 2.可数名词复数的不规则变化 (1)改变单数名词内部元音字母。如：foot—feet, tooth—teeth, mouse—mice, man—men, woman—women, goose—geese。 (2)由man, woman构成的合成名词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如one Englishman, two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans。 注：man, woman作定语的复合名词变复数时，将两部分皆变为复数形式。 如：women doctors, men cooks。 boy和girl作定语时，只变中心词。如：girl students。 (3)外来词。如：basis—bases, crisis—crises, analysis—analyses, medium—media。 (4)单复数同形的名词。如：deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, works (工厂), means, crossroads, series, spacecraft, aircraft, headquarters。 (5)常以复数形式出现的名词。如：clothes衣服, glasses眼镜, chopsticks筷子, compasses圆规, scales天平, trousers裤子, goods货物, contents目录, times时代, surroundings环境, belongings 财产, earnings收入, arms武器, manners礼貌, customs海关, papers文件。 (6)集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：people, police。 有些物质名词的单数和复数形式表示不同的含义。常见的这类词有：
冠词的用法 一：冠词的定义 冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。 冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。 二：冠词的种类 1. 定冠词: the 2. 不定冠词: a / an 当紧跟不定冠词之后的单词是辅音发音开头时,不定冠词应该用a, 当紧跟不定冠词之后的单词是元音发音开头时,不定冠词应该用an.。 a + [辅音……] a wallet, a European country an + [元音…… ] an hour, an 8-year-old boy 三：冠词的位置 冠词一般要放到名词或名词短语（形容词+名词、副词+形容词+名词、或其它修饰语+名词）的前面。如：the last few days.最近几天 a very lovely girl 但是以下情况例外： 1）all/both/half/+the+(形容词)+名词 如：all the new cars all the friends half the books 2)what/such/many+a/an+(形容词+)单数可数名词 如：what a nice day many a time such a bad boy 3)rather/quite/half +a/an+单数可数名词 注意：这种情况下，a/an也可以放在rather/quite等前面 如：quite a long time/a quite long time rather a busy day/a rather busy day 4)exactly/just+a/an+(形容词)+名词 如：Just a moment,please. 5)as/how/so/too/however+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词 如：It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. 这是我度过的最愉快的一天。 She is so beautiful a girl. It is too difficult a book. 注意:在以下六种词中,只能使用其中的一种词修饰名词: 1）冠词、2）指示代词(如:this, that, these, those)、3）形容词性物主代词(如:my, your, his, her等)、4）名词所有格(如:Tom’s, the Smiths)、5）不定代词(如:every, each, any)以及6）疑问代词(如:which, what). 如： 1. 我的一位朋友(不能说: my a friend) a friend of mine 或one of my friends 2.你的这两位老师(不能说:your the two teachers) the two teachers of yours 3.哪一把伞是你的(不能说:Which an umbrella is yours) Which umbrella is yours 4. 一辆这种自行车(不能说:a this kind of bike) a bike of this kind 5.每隔几天一次(不能说:once every a few days) once every few days 四：冠词的用法 学冠词的用法必须明确两个概念： 1）泛指：一类中的任何一个个体，不明确，未指明哪一个。 2）特指：说话者和听话者都知道所指的内容。 冠词用法的总原则： 名词前用不用冠词，用哪一类冠词，通常取决于三方面因素：
名词和冠词第一讲 语法项目(一) 名词 [考纲解读·定方向] 语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，来判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词；有的还要结合语境分析句子成分，来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。 如何确定填单复数、所有格还是派生为名词 [思考趋向] 1．填名词的单复数 若提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的单复数。 2．填名词的所有格 提示词为名词时，如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。 3．派生为名词 [典例感悟] [典例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. 解析：invitations invitation“邀请”是可数名词，其前有several修饰，应用复数形式。[典例2](2019·湖南师大附中模拟)This could be ________ (Mary) motto——the expression that best captures her spirit. 解析：Mary's 此题考查名词的所有格，根据语境应该表示“玛丽的格言”。 [典例3](2017·浙江卷11月)Of course you have to work at it.You wouldn't think that a few ________ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life，and that's also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary. 解析：months 考查名词的数。根据空前的a few及month为可数名词可知，此处表示“几个月的锻炼”，故用month的复数形式。 ________(educate)．her with on carry to determined is 4](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She 典例[解析：education 根据空格前的修饰语定答案。前面由形容词性物主代词her(她的)修饰，故用educate的名词形式，education是不可数名词。 名词单数变复数的技法
专题二自由填空 PartⅠ真题变式体验 1．[2015·陕西高考]________ more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes. 答案：The; the根据句子结构来判断，此句使用了“The＋形容词/副词比较级……，the ＋形容词/副词比较级……”结构，意思是“越……，就越……”。 2．[2015·重庆高考]I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask. 答案：the; a第一空，句中where引导的定语从句修饰bank，由此可知这里特指Dora工作的银行，故用定冠词；第二空，泛指“一个持枪歹徒”，因此用不定冠词。 3．[2015·四川高考]Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven. 答案：a根据结构可知此处填冠词，表示“一类人”“一个类似于贝多芬的人”，故填不定冠词。 4．[2015·浙江高考]Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way. 答案：a; the根据空格位置可知考查冠词。第一空，book是可数名词，此处表泛指，用不定冠词a；第二空，in the way是固定词组“挡路，妨碍”。 5．[2014·天津高考]Life is like ________ ocean: only the strong-willed can reach the other shore. 答案：an ocean为可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，故用不定冠词，ocean以元音音素开头，故答案是an。 6．[2014·重庆高考]I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilson's because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village. 答案：the; a第一空表示去某人家的路为特指，故用the；第二空表示一个叫Wilson的人，表示泛指概念，故用不定冠词a。 7．[2014·浙江高考]The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ________ week, often long into ________ night. 答案：a; the第一空填a相当于every/one；第二空为固定搭配long into the night。