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4 数词

4   数词
4   数词

高中英语语法模块之

数词

数词分两类:基数词和序数词

I.基数词:表示数目的词为基数词。其表达式:

1.21-99的两位数,在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成。如:fifty- three (53)

2.101-999的三位数由hundred加and再加两位数或末位数。

three hundred and twenty-five (325)

3.基数词hundred,thousand,million,billion表示确切数目时不能加s

five thousand students (五千个学生)

但在表示不确切数目时,要用复数形式,如:hundreds of/thousands of students(许多学生)

4.dozen和score的复数形式应注意以下几点:

①dozen表示:一打,十二个,score表示:二十;

②当dozen与数词,或many,several等连用时,不加“s”,所修饰的名词前常省去“of’;score则不然。

two dozen pencils两打铅笔

two score of pencils四十支铅笔

dozens of people=scores of people许多人

③当后面的名词前有"these",“those",“them"," us"等词时, dozen后应加"of "。

a dozen of these people

two dozen of them

three score and ten people中不加of(七十人)

II.序数词:表示顺序的数词为序数词。其表达式:

1.序数词一般由基数词后+th构成,前面一般加定冠词the,表示“第几”

the two hundredth,the eighteenth

加不定冠词,则意为“又一,再一”.

I like the film very much, so I want to see it a second time.

2.以ty结尾的基数词构成序数词时,先把y改成i,再加eth。如:the twentieth,the fiftieth

3.不规则的序数词有以下几个:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth

4.“二十”以上的多位数,个位数用序数词,其余仍用基数词。

ninety-third one hundred and forty-ninth

5.基数词与序数词连用时,通常是序数词在前

the first two pages of the book(这本书的前两页)

III.分数、小数和百分数的表达

1.分数由基数词和序数词合成,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母的序数词要用复数

形式

1/3:one(a)third 2/3:two thirds three-sevenths:七分之三

特殊的表达

①1/2:one(a)half 1/4:one(a)quarter/one(a)fourth 3/4:three quarters

②分子与分母之间加in或out of,分子在前,分母在后,分子分母都用基数词

one in ten:十分之一five in eight:八分之五

one out of ten:十分之一five out of eight:八分之五

2.百分数的表示法

表示百分数直接将数词放在单词percent前面即可:twenty percent=20%百分之二十。

注意:分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词,而用以下形式:

分数/百分数+of +冠词/限定词+名词/代词,其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致

Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.

About seventy percent of the earth surface is covered by water.

3.小数的表示法

小数的表示法,小数点前的总值发同其他数词一样,小数点用point,小数点后面的数读成个位数

9.65表示为nine point six five。218.39表示为two hundred and eighteen point three nine。

注意:小数点读point,“零”读字母o的音或zero,小数点前就按基数词去读,小数点后的数字按个位基数词依次读出。

62.62读作sixty-two point six two

IV.数词的其它表达式

1.序号的表示法

①单纯的序号,可在基数词前加number,简写为No.。

No.1第一号

②事物名词的序号表达法有什所不同:

对于一些小序号可有序数词也可用基数词表达,形式分别为:the +序数词+ 名词;名词+ 基数词

第一次世界大战可以表示为the First World War或World War I。

对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法,即名词+ 数词

501号房间表示为Room 501

538路公共汽车表示为Bus 538

可用a/the + number + 基数词+ 名词

a No.5 bus一辆五路公共汽车

the No.8 bus那辆8路公共汽车

2.倍数的表达方式

一般情况下我们用以下三种倍数表达方式:

①倍数用在as+形容词/副词(原级)+名词+ as结构之前

They have three times as many cows as we do.

他们拥有的奶牛是我们的三倍多。

②倍数放在形容词或副词的比较级之前或by + 倍数用在比较级之后

This rope is four times longer than that one.

They produced more products in 2009 than those in 2008 by twice.

2009年的产品是2008年的两倍

③倍数用在表示度量名词前,其基本结构为:倍数+ the + size / length / weight …+ of + 表

示比较对象的名词,也可用于倍数+ what引导的从句中

This room is three times the size of that one.

The college is twice what it was 5 years ago.这个学院是5年前的两倍。

You can’t imagine that rats eat 40 to 50 times their weight.

3.大约数的表示法

①用ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几

十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念

The little boy buys dozens of pencils every term.数打铅笔

Thousands of people died in the earthquake.数千人

Every year tens of thousands of people go to work in Guangdong Province.

②用less than、under、below、almost、nearly、up to等来表示小于或接近某数目

He is good at English, so he can finish the paper in less than two hours.不到两个小时

③用more than、over、above、beyond、or more等来表示超过或多于某个数目

Peking University has a history of more than 100 years.有100多年的历史

④用or、or so、about、around、some、more or less等表示在某一数目左右

About 50 people were present at that time.

⑤用to、from … to…、between … and表示介于两数词

His salary rises from 20 dollars a week to 35 dollars a week.从每周20美元涨到每周35美元

注意:dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million作数词表示确切数量时,不用复数three score, five dozen, seven million等。

4.钟点、日期、年龄的表达式

①钟点

正读法10:20:ten twenty

倒读法9:30:half past nine(九点半)

7:05:five past seven(七点过五分)

8:50:ten to nine (八点五十;差十分是九点)

表示整点8:00:eight o'clock (sharp)

表示在某个钟点,用介词at

They begin to work at half past seven.(他们七点半开始工作。)

②日期

年代用基数词,在某年要用介词in:He was born in l983.他出生于1983年。

月份首字母要大写,在某月也用介词in,如果有年代出现,在月份名后加年代,中间用逗号:

It happened in January,2009.这事发生在2009年1月。

月日同时出现时可有两种表示法:

英国说法:顺序为先日后月:4(th)May(五月四日——读成:the fourth of May)

美国说法:顺序为先月后日:May 4(th)(五月四日——读成:May the fourth)

表示在某月某日,不管用在前还是在后,都用介词on:

The meeting will be held on March 9(th).

We'll leave for Shanghai on 8th June.

年月日同时出现时,年代位于最后,其前加逗号:Mary was born on January 1st,1990.

表示“在几十年代”用in十the十逢十的数词复数:in the 1990s/1990’s

③年龄

用基数词表示年龄。如:The baby is one year old.

表示“在某人的几十岁”时,可用介词in+ one’s+整十位数的复数形式:

She is still in her twenties.她才二十几岁。

但表示十多岁时用:in one’s teens

表示“一个九岁的男孩”,可以有多种表达法

a boy of nine,a boy of nine years old,a boy of nine years of age,a nine-year-old boy

注意:与基数词合成的定语,其中的名词用单数:a three-month-old baby,a five-year plan。

随堂监测A组

I. 写出下列基数词相应的序数词:

1. one __________

2. two _________

3. three _________

4. five ________

5. eight __________

6. nine _________

7. twelve _________

8. twenty __________

9. thirty-one __________ 10. forty-four ___________ 11. fifty-seven ____________

II. 把下列短语译成英语:

1. 第12课________________________

2. 304号房间_______________________

3. 半小时________________________

4. 每日三次_______________________

5. 第25页_______________________

6. 20世纪90年代___________________

7. 4路公共汽车_____________________

8. 第15中学_____________________

9. 21世纪_________________________ 10. 两吨半______________________

11. 差一刻三点_____________________ 12. 第二册________________________

13. 在他五十几岁时___________________ 14. 二年级八班____________________

15. 10:45 _____________________________ 16. 第十五单元____________________

17. 第三册第十三课_______________________ 18. 三分之一__________________

19. 三百英镑_________________________ 20. 1994年3月22日__________________

随堂监测B组

III. 选择填空:

1. 333 reads ___________.

A. three hundred and thirty three

B. three hundreds and thirty-three

C. three hundred and thirty-three

D. three hundred thirty-three

2. The _______ month of the year is February.

A. one

B. first

C. two

D. second

3. The beautiful skirts are on show in the shop, Jane likes _______.

A. the ninth

B. the nineth

C. nine

D. ninth

4. It took me _______ to finish my homework.

A. a half and two hour

B. two hour and a half

C. two and a half hour

D. two and a half hours

5. December is the _______ month of the year.

A. twelve

B. twelveth

C. twelvieth

D. twelfth

6. Tom bought ______ for himself yesterday.

A. two pairs of shoes

B. two pair of shoe

C. two pair of shoes

D. two pairs shoes

7. There are _______ seconds in a minute. A. fourty B. forty C. sixteen D. sixty

8. Lin Tao gets up at ______ in the morning.

A. half past six

B. six past half

C. past half six

D. half six past

9. December ______ is Christmas.

A. twenty-five

B. the twenty-fifth

C. the twentieth-five

D. twentieth-fifth

10. There are _____ stars in the universe.

A. millions

B. million of

C. millions of

D. million

11. Monday is the _______ day of the week. A. two B. second C. three D. third

12. Mr. Black left here _____ ago.

A. half a hour

B. half an hour

C. an half hour

D. a half hours

13. There are _____ students in their school.

A. nine hundred

B. nine hundreds

C. nine hundred of

D. nine hundreds of

14. There are _____ words in the text of the _____ Lesson.

A. hundred of, Fifth

B. a hundred of, Fiveth

C. hundreds of, Fifth

D. hundreds of, Fiveth

15. We had learned about _____ English words by the end of last term.

A. nine hundreds and forty-five

B. nine hundreds of and forty-five

C. nine hundred and forty-five

D. nine hundred and fourty-five

IV.题集:

1. About ______ people are in the People’s Park at weekends.

A. two hundreds

B. two hundreds of

C. two hundred

D. hundred of

2. The water behind the Three Gorges Dam (三峡大坝) should be _____higher than downstream (下游). A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters

3. In our school several _____ students are able to search the Internet for useful information now.

A. hundred of

B. hundreds for

C. hundred

D. hundreds

4. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. this year my father is twice my age. How old am I?

A. 21

B. 22

C. 23

D. 24

5. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _______.

A. July 1, 1921

B. October 1, 1949

C. August 1, 1927

D. May 1, 1922

6. Look at the menu:

SNACKS

Hamburger $ 2.60 Orange juice $1.20

Hot dog $2.15 Coffee $1.00

Ice cream $2.00 Coke regular $0.75

Popcorn $1.00 large $1.00

Jeff wants to buy a hamburger, a large coke and ice cream.

How much will he pay?

A. Five dollars and sixty cents.

B. Five dollars and thirty-five cents.

C. Three dollars and sixty cents.

D. Two dollars.

7. --- How many workers are there in your factory? --- There are two _______.

A. hundreds

B. hundred

C. hundred of

D. hundreds of

8. The film star is going to spend ______ dollars on a new dress for the coming party.

A. three thousands

B. thousands of

C. thousand of

D. three thousands of

9. There are ______ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital.

A. thousand

B. two thousand

C. two thousands

D. two thousands of

10. --- How many teachers are there in your school? --- ________, but I’m not sure.

A. Hundreds

B. Hundred

C. Hundreds of

D. One hundred

11. I think ______ lesson is the most difficult in this book.

A. five

B. fifth

C. the fifth

D. fifteen

12. _______ travelers come to visit our city every year.

A. Hundred of

B. Hundreds of

C. Five hundreds

D. Hundred

13. The Games of ______ Olympiad in 2008 will be held in the city of Beijing.

A. 29

B. the 29

C. 29th

D. the 29th

14. Fan Zhiyi’s transfer to Dundee Football Club at the end of last year aroused ______ Chin ese people’s interest.

A. thousand of

B. thousand

C. thousands of

D. thousands

15. About ______ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival.

A. two hundred of

B. two hundreds of

C. two hundred

D. two hundreds

16. --- Do you have enough men to carry these chairs? --- No. I think we need ______ men.

A. another

B. two others

C. more two

D. two more

17. --- Can you write the number eight five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?

--- Yes, it is _____________. A. 85662 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 58626

18. There’re ______ students in our grade.

A. hundreds of

B. three hundreds of

C. three hundreds

D. three hundreds’

19. ______ of the workers in this factory is about two hundred, _______ of them are women workers

A. The number, first third

B. The number, one third

C. A number, half

D. A number, three quarters

20. _______ Germans come to visit China every year.

A. Thousands of

B. Thousands

C. Thousand of

D. Two thousands

(完整)初一数词讲解[1]练习

数词练习题 ( )1. Please turn to ______. A. Page 11 B. the 11st page C. page 11 D. page the 11 th ( )2. At night we can see ______ stars in the sky. A. thousands and thousands of B. thousand and thousands of C. a thousand and thousands D. thousand and thousand ( )3. There are some _____ in our classroom. A. hundred of books B. the hundreds of books C. hundreds of books D. hundred of book ( )4. I have been to the village ________. A. a hundred time B. hundred times C. hundreds of times D. hundred of times ( )5. There are ____ students in our school. A. four—hundred and forty—five B. four hundred and forty—five C. four hundreds and forty—five D. four hundred and forty five ( )6. The teacher told me to go over _____ lessons. A. thirst three B. the three first C. three the first D. the first three ( )7. May is ____ of a year. A. the fifth months B. the fifth month C. the five months D. the five month ( )8. We live in ______. A. the twenty-first century B. the century twenty-one C. century twenty-one D. the century twenty-first ( )9. He said he was going to be free in _______. A. one and a half hour B. one hour and half C. one and half hours D. an hour and a half ( )10. ---How many English books are there on the table? ---There is only _____English book on it. A. a B. an C. one D. the ( )11. Mr Smith stayed in _____ last night. A. Room 403 B. the Room 403 C. the 403 room D. 403 the room ( )12. The road is _________. A. two thousand and five hundred metres long B. two thousands metres long C. long one thousand five hundred metre D. a thousand and five hundreds metres long ( )13. He joined the army on ______ of May 1980. A. 1 st B. the 1 C. first D. the first ( )14. Is Sunday the ____ day of the week? A. a B. one C. once D. first ( )15. March the _____ is Women’s Day. A. eighth B. ninth C. tenth D. eight ( )16. September is the _____month of the year. A. nineth B. ninth C. nine D. the twelveth ( )17. December the ____ is Christmas.

第四章数词3

数量词 1、1999年,中国的主要工业产品产量取得了大幅度增长。钢、原煤、水泥产量、发电量分别为1.24吨、10.45亿吨、12,393亿千瓦小时,比1978年分别增长2.9倍、7.8倍和3.8倍。 The year 1999 saw a huge growth in the output of major industrial products. The outputs of steel, raw coal and cement and power generation were 124 million tons, 1.045 billion tons, 573 million tons and 1,239.3 billion KWH respectively, increasing by 2.9 times, 69%, 7.8 times and 3.8 times compared with 1978. 2.、九五期间,中国轻工业进入了新的发展阶段,其利税达到1957亿元,是1978年的10倍。中国轻工业的发展吸引了众多外国投资者。该行业共有两万余家外资企业,从沿海到西部,遍布全国,利用外资总额达到400亿美元,其中350亿为直接投资。 The 9th Five-Year Plan period (1996-2000) marked a new stage of development for China’s light industry. It generated profits and taxes totaling 195.7 billion yuan, ten times that of 1978. The rapid progress of China’s light industry has attracted many foreign investors. There are over 20,000 foreign-funded enterprises of light industry located across the country from the coastal areas to the western region, utilizing (some)US$40 billion in/of foreign capital, with US$35 billion in direct investment. 3、中国石油天然气集团公司(CNPC)和中国石化集团(SINOPEC)是中国该行业两大巨头。后者以453亿美元的总营业收入在财富杂志2001年全球企业500强中名列第68位。 China National Petroleum Corporation and China Petrochemical Corporation are the two oil giants in the petroleum industry. The latter, with a total business income/turnover of US$ 45.3 billion, ranked 68th among/of the Fortune 500 (top enterprise) for the year 2001. 4、中石油天然气集团公司的一位发言人说,2000年该集团的各海外公司共开采了1353万吨原油及10.8亿立方米天然气;到2005年,集团年产原油将达到1.05亿吨,天然气330亿立方米。 According to a spokesman of CNPC, the group’s overseas companies extracted/produced 13.53 million tons of crude oil and 1.08 billion cubic meters of natural gas in 2000; and by 2005, the group will have raised its annual output of crude oil to 105 million tons and natural gas to 33 billion cubic meters. 海尔自述 海尔过去16年的成长过程可以用以下一串数字来说明: 营业额:从1984年的348万元增加到2000年的406亿元,2000年是1984年的11,600多倍. Haier’s development/growth over the past 16 years can be summarized in/clearly indicated by the following figures: Its business volume rose from 3.48 million yuan in 1984 to 40.6 billion yuan in 2000, an increase of over 11,600 times; 利税:1984年资不抵债,2000年实现利税30亿元,自1995年以来,累计为国家上缴税收52亿元; 职工人数:2000年职工人数达到3万人,而1984年只有800人.2000年是1984年的37.5倍. Profits and taxes: in 1984, the total value of Haier’s assets was less than its debts, but in 2000 profits earned and taxes paid amounted to 3 billion yuan and total tax payment to the state since 1995 has amounted to 5.2 billion yuan. Number of people employed: the number of employees increased from 800 in 1984 to 30,000 in 2000, an increase of 37.5 times / a 37.5 fold increase. 品牌价值:2000年海尔品牌价值达到300亿元,是1995年第一次评估时的7.8倍,是中国家电

数量词分类

数量词分类 (一)与交通工具有关的量词: 一(辆)汽车一(叶)扁舟一(架)飞机一(艘)轮船一(列)火车 一(节)车厢一(台)拖拉机 (二)与建筑有关的量词: 一(所)学校一(家)医院一(家)工厂一(座)庙一(座)村庄 一(座)村落一(间)房屋一(间)教室一(幢)高楼一(栋)小洋楼 一(座)桥、亭台、塔 (三)与学习用品有关的量词: 一(枝)笔一(锭)墨一(方)砚台一(本)书、杂志一(张)报纸 一(把)尺一(瓶)墨水一(块)橡皮一(块)黑板一(台)电脑 (四)与生活用品有关的量词: 一(双)筷子一(只)碗一(把)勺一(口)井一(口)缸

一(扇)窗一(扇)门一(挂)窗帘一(匹)布一(张)床 一(床)被褥一(顶)蚊帐一(对)枕头一(张)桌子一(把)伞 一(盏)灯一(把)扫帚一(杆)秤一(包、根)火柴一(面)镜子 一(枚)邮票一(把)椅子一(条、个)板凳一(套)服装一(件)上装、衬衫 一(条)裤子、裙子一(封)信一(顶)帽子一(条)领带、围巾一(副)手套 一双(袜子)一双(鞋)一(叠)纸币一(分、文)钱 (五)与武器、工具有关的量词: 一(艘)军舰一(辆)坦克一(架)战斗机一(门)大炮一(枚)火箭 一(挺)机枪一(支)步枪一(杆)枪一(箱)弹药一(发)子弹、炮弹 一(枚)弹壳一(台)机器一(颗)螺钉一(架)梯子一(卷)直尺 一(把)凿子、榔头、钳子、斧子、剪刀 (六)与动植物有关的量词:

一(棵)树一(株)苗一(棵)草一(朵、枝、束、盆)花一(畦)菜 一(池)荷花一(匹)马一(口)猪一(片)果园、草坪、菜叶、花瓣、绿茵、森林 一(头)牛、羊、骡、驴、大象一(只)狐狸、鹅、猫、燕子、鸡、老鹰一(对)翅膀 一(条)蛇一(条、尾)鱼一(条)蓝鲸一(只、群)鸟一(条)尾巴 (七)与食品有关的量词: 一(包、支)香烟一(杯、瓶、箱)酒一(听、块)饼干一(篮)水果 一(串、颗、筐)葡萄一(串、个)香蕉一(只)西瓜一(颗)枣 一(袋、包)面粉一(粒)米一(碗)饭一(杯)茶 (八)与自然景象有关的量词: 一(轮)红日、圆月一(弯)月牙一(颗)星星一(道)闪电、霞光、彩虹 一(片)大雾一(场)雨、大雾、暴风雪一(阵)风一(次)潮汛

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