2017翻译硕士考研中华思想文化术语翻译精选之四书

国学精粹《四书》精华80句，字字珠玑，每一句都值得学习、背诵“四书”是儒家的经典，包含《大学》《中庸》《论语》《孟子》四本著作。

朱熹曾说：“若理会得此'四书’，何书不可读！何理不可究！何事不可处！”今天，小编为大家收集了“四书”中的精华部分，供大家收藏学习。

《论语》1.吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？译文：我每天多次地进行自我反省：为别人办事竭尽全力了吗？和朋友交往诚实守信吗？老师传授知识，认真复习了吗？2.子曰：“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲不逾矩。

”译文：孔子说：“我十五岁立志学习，三十岁能够自立，四十岁能不被外界事物所迷惑，五十岁知天命，懂得哪些事是人力所不能决定的，六十岁能正确对待各种言论，对别人所说的话能分清是非，不觉得不顺，七十岁能随心所欲、随意而为却不越出规矩。

3.成事不说，遂事不谏，既往不咎。

译文：已经做过的事就不要再解释了，已经完成的事就不要劝阻了，已经过去的事就不必再追究了。

4.朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙不可杇也。

译文：腐朽的木头不能用以雕刻，粪土垒的墙壁不能被粉刷。

5.躬自厚而薄责于人，则远怨矣。

译文：对自己要求严格而对别人要求宽松，这样就可以避免怨恨了。

6.君子成人之美，不成人之恶。

小人反是。

译文：君子总是从善良的或有利于他人的愿望出发，全心全意促使别人实现良好的意愿和正当的要求，不会在别人有失败、错误或痛苦时推波助澜。

小人却相反。

7.见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。

译文：见到有人在某一方面有超过自己的长处和优点，就虚心请教，认真学习，想办法赶上他，和他达到同一水平；见到有人存在某种缺点或不足时，就要冷静反省，看自己是不是也有他那样的缺点或不足。

8.当仁，不让于师。

译文：遇到应该做的好事，不能犹豫不决，即使老师在一旁，也应该抢着去做。

9.言必信，行必果。

译文：说了的话，一定要守信用；确定了要做的事，就一定要坚决果敢地做下去。

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小编考研为大家搜集了有关社会生活、科普知识、文化教育等方面的相关句子，以此拓展大家的视野。

一起来学习吧!本期主题【四大名著】The Four Great Classical Novels of China refer to thefour greatest and mostinfluential novels written inthe Ming and Qing Dynasties. Reading themcanacquaint people with traditional Chinese society,history, geography, folkcustoms and philosophy oflife. Most Chinese are pretty familiar with thefigures, plots and scenes in the four novels. Theyhave profoundly influenced thementality, ideas and values of Chinese people. Nowadays, thefour novels havealready been adapted into movies or TV series, favored by lots ofaudiences.Being high in artistic standard, the Four Great Classical Novels areprecious heritages ofChinese nation and pioneering works in the history ofChinese literature.参考翻译:中国的四大名著(the Four Great ClassicalNovels)指创作于明清时期的四部最伟大、最有影响力的小说。

翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——道法自然本内容凯程崔老师有重要贡献道法自然(dào fǎ zìrán)“道”效法、顺应万物的自然状态。

这一命题出自《老子》。

“自然”指事物自主、自在的状态。

“道”创造、生养万物，但“道”不会对万物发号施令，而是效法、顺应万物之“自然”。

“道”与万物的关系，在政治哲学中表现为统治者与百姓的关系。

统治者应遵循“道”的要求，节制自己的权力，以无为的方式效法、顺应百姓的自然状态。

Dao Operates Naturally.Dao operates in accordance with natural conditions of all things. This idea first appeared in the bookLaozi, according to which “natural” means the natural state of things. Dao creates and nurtures everything, yet it does not command anything. In political philosophy, the relationship between Dao and natural things implies that between the ruler and the people. The rulers should follow the natural requirements of Dao, which places limits on their power, and govern by means of non-interference to allow the people and affairs to take their own natural course.********************************************【引例】人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。

中国古代典籍书名翻译——从“四书”、“五经”英译名谈起匿圈中国古代典籍书名翻译――从“四书”、“五经”英译名谈起李涛运城学院大学英语教学部，山西运城o44ooo摘要：中国古代典籍的完美输出，需要一个恰如其分的书名翻译画龙点睛。

以“四书”、“五经”为代表的中国古代典籍书名翻译，需要译者对英汉两种语言都有良好的审美修养和细腻的审美感受。

译名不仅要满足对外宣传的需要，更要帮助外国友人理解中国典籍的内涵深意及蕴含的灿烂文化。

关键词：古代典籍；文化；翻译标准；基本策略；翻译方法中图分类号：H059 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1008―8008 7>2013 O1-0083-04中国是具有五千年历史的文明古国，其文化底汉学家中研究、翻译中国古代典籍成就最为卓著者蕴深厚，博大精深。

中国文化和世界文化正进行着之一。

广泛而深人的接触，并逐渐和国际接轨。

外界对中二中国古代典籍书名英译回顾国古代文明的准确理解，直接的载体是古代典籍，英国传教士JamesLegge 1815―1897 是一名其书名的翻译便是最直接的了解视角，正如眼睛是出色的汉学家，也是牛津大学第一位汉学教授，他心灵之窗，好的书名翻译是欣赏全书的点睛之笔。

将“四书”书名分别译为 TheFourBooks：Confucian精准的典籍书名翻译会激发外国友人对中国文化Analects，TheGreatLearning，TheDoctrineofthe的兴趣，甚至会点燃对其深入了解的热情。

Mean和TheWorksofMencius，这些书名的翻译被一、中国古代典籍翻译概况认为是第一次权威性的翻译译作，客观全面地反映一中国古代典籍翻译简述出“四书”中每本书的要义和核心思想。

1885年传教士对中国历史和文化的传播是中国早期《礼记》在伦敦出版，书名音译为 TheLiKi，这是典籍翻译的主要推动力，尤其是对孔子著作的翻 Legge所翻译“五经”中的最后一部书，这一成就至译。

中华文化概述重要文化遗产major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术outstanding folk art独特的艺术价值unique artistic values诚实守信honesty爱国主义精神patriotism国宝national treasure文物cultural relics华夏祖先the Chinese ancestors文人scholar; the intellectual雅士refined scholar才子佳人gifted scholars and beautiful ladies高雅艺术refined/high art中外学者Chinese and overseas scholars古为今用to make the past serve the present洋为中用to make the foreign serve China无愧于时代的作品works worthy of the times文明摇篮cradle of civilization古文明ancient civilization博大精深to be extensive and profound享有……的美誉to enjoy a good/high reputation for被誉为to be honored/crowned as占据重要地位to play a significant role; to have/occupy a significant place肩负……的责任to shoulder the responsibility of…与……密不可分to be closely associated with…推广中国文化to promote Chinese culture促进世界和平to promote world peace增进友谊to enhance friendship文化娱乐活动cultural and amusement activities文化产业culture industry文化底蕴cultural deposit文化事业cultural undertaking文化交流cultural exchange文化冲击culture shock文化差异cultural difference民族特性和价值观national identity and value在各地差异很大to vary widely from region/place to region/place促进文化的传播to promote the spread of culture促进交流to promote exchanges蓬勃发展to flourish丰富多彩to be rich and colorful 风俗习惯custom禁忌taboo中华民族the Chinese nation传统美德traditional virtues尊敬老人to respect the elderly赡养父母to support/take care of parents继承to inherit后人later generation强身健体improve the physical health; strengthen the body 益寿延年to prolong life保佑平安to keep sb. safe象征意义symbolic meaning象征好运和祝福to symbolize good luck and blessings审美观/品味taste for beauty; aesthetic taste传统文化传统工艺品traditional handicraft形状不一different shapes材质各异various materials质地坚硬hard texture造型生动vivid figure色彩丰富rich colors风格独特characteristic/unique style中医traditional Chinese medicine中草药herbal medicine望、闻、问、切observing, listening, inquiring, pulse taking 症状symptom针灸acupuncture推拿medical massage重大发明a significant invention中国古代四大发明Four Great Inventions of ancient China 火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针compass文房四宝the Four Treasures of the Study笔、墨、纸、砚ink brush, inkstick, Xuan paper, inkstone 汉字Chinese character笔划stroke四书五经the Four Books and the Five Classics唐诗宋词poetry in the Tang and Song Dynasties诗人poet四大名著the Four Great Classical Novels八股文the eight-part essay普通话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese琴棋书画lute-playing, chess, calligraphy and painting 书法calligraphy中国画traditional Chinese painting水墨画Chinese brush painting; ink wash painting民俗folk custom文化遗产cultural heritage非物质文化遗产intangible cultural heritage吉祥/幸运数字lucky number偶数/双数even number奇数/单数odd number吉祥物mascot龙dragon凤phoenix龟tortoise吉祥图案lucky pattern姓氏文化surname culture婚嫁习俗marriage custom传统婚礼traditional wedding葬礼习俗funeral custom迷信/迷信的superstition/superstitious武术martial arts中国功夫Chinese Kung Fu太极Tai Chi中国象棋Chinese chess中国围棋Go麻将mahjong宗教religion伊斯兰教Islam清真寺mosque寺庙temple和尚/僧人monk民间故事folk tale寓言fable传说legend凡间human world思想学派school of thought思想观念ideology哲学家philosopher思想家thinker创始人founder代表人物representative儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucian culture 道教Taoism佛教Buddhism孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子Lao Tzu; Lao Zi庄子Chuang Tzu墨子Mo Tzu孙子Sun Tzu《论语》The Analects of Confucius《道德经》Tao Te Ching《易经》The Book of Changes《孙子兵法》The Art of War传统节日春节the Spring Festival/Chinese New Year元宵节the Lantern Festival清明节the Tomb-sweeping Day/Qing Ming Festival端午节the Dragon Boat Festival中秋节the Mid-autumn Day/Festival重阳节the Double Ninth Day七夕节the Double Seventh Day/QiXi Festival除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve公历/阳历solar calendar农历/阴历lunar calendar庆祝（节日）celebrate; observe起源origin起源于to originate in/from习俗tradition; convention; custom年夜饭annual reunion dinner拜年to pay a New Year call探亲访友to (pay a ) visit (to) relatives and friends亲朋好友relatives and friends大扫除to thoroughly clean the house驱厄运to sweep away ill fortune; to get rid of bad luck 去除灾难to ward off evils压岁钱luck money发红包to give money in red envelopes; to hand out red envelopes欢度……to celebrate…; the celebration of…春联spring couplets爆竹firecrackers; fireworks年画New Year pictures庙会temple fair民间艺人folk artist祭神god-worshiping舞龙dragon dance灯笼/花灯(festival) lantern灯谜lantern riddle有益的智力活动beneficial intellectual activity中国结Chinese knot赛龙舟dragon boat race赏月to enjoy the full moon登高hill climbing放风筝to fly a kite荡秋千to play/ride on a swing民间艺术中国传统戏曲Chinese traditional operas京剧Peking Opera京剧脸谱the facial makeup of Beijing Opera/Peking Opera Mask正面角色positive role说、学、逗、唱speaking, imitating; teasing and singing 传统乐器traditional instrument木偶戏puppet show皮影戏shadow play杂技acrobatics相声crosstalk说书story-telling民间工艺folk craft手艺craftsmanship工匠/手工艺人craftsman剪纸Chinese paper cutting刺绣embroidery丝绸silk纺织品textile瓷器porcelain; chinaware陶器pottery; earthenware青铜器bronze ware中国结Chinese knot泥塑clay figure modeling中国玉器Chinese jade雕刻carving中餐及烹饪方法中国菜/中餐Chinese cuisine; Chinese food八大菜系Eight Cuisines粤菜Canton cuisine 国宴state banquet色香味outlook, flavor and taste香脆可口crispy and tasty营养丰富nutritious烹饪技巧cooking technique煎to fry炒to stir-fry炸to deep-fry烩/焖/炖to stew蒸to steam煮to boil烘焙to bake烤to roast切条to cut to strips切丁to dice切碎to mince磨碎to grind饮食习惯dietary habit特色食品special food; specialty元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings年糕rice cake油条deep-fried dough sticks豆浆soybean milk馒头steamed bun包子steamed stuffed bun拉面hand-stretched noodles豆腐tofu; bean curd麻花fried dough twist皮蛋100-year egg; century egg蛋炒饭fried rice with egg火锅hot pot原材ingredient调料seasoning; dressing猪/牛肉丸pork/beef ball鸭肉duck蘑菇mushroom北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck素菜馆vegetarian restaurant白酒Chinese liquor中国历史四大文明古国之一one of the four ancient civilizations 中华文明Chinese civilization文明的摇篮cradle of civilization文明古国ancient civilization人类文明史the history of human civilization远古时代ancient times原始社会primitive society封建社会feudal society源远流长/历史悠久to have a long history; with a long history随着时间的推移as time goes by朝代dynasty春秋战国时期the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period古都ancient capital皇帝/君主emperor; monarch勤政爱民to be diligent and love one’s people退位to give up the throne丞相/宰相prime minister学者scholar政治家statesman军事家military strategist鸦片战争the Opium War南昌起义Nanchang Uprising辛亥革命the 1911 Revolution五四运动the May 4th Movement of 1919抗日战争the Anti-Japanese War西安事变Xi’an Incident南京大屠杀Nanjing Massacre长征the Long March历史遗留问题 a question left over from history/the past在战争中损毁to be ruined in wars抵抗侵略to resist the invasion在……世纪初at the beginning of…century迄今为止up till now追溯到to date back to; to be traced back to…来源于to derive/stem from; to originate from/in发祥地birthplace兴起于……，兴盛于……to emerge in…and prosper in…社会地位social status建立（朝代）to build; to found; to establish繁荣to prosper/flourish灭亡to collapse; to come to an end以……命名to be named after…历史人物historic figure闰年leap year商业经济集体经济collective economy计划经济planned economy自由经济liberal economy商品经济commodity economy经济体制改革reform of the economic system经济特区special economic zone人均国民收入national income per capita第一产业/农业primary industry; agriculture第二产业/工业secondary industry; manufacturing第三产业/服务业tertiary industry; service农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animal husbandry副业sideline production渔业fishing经济增长率economic growth rate财政政策fiscal policy经济结构调整adjustment of economic structure优化经济结构to optimize the economic structure改善经济环境to improve economic environment科学技术是第一生产力science and technology are the primary productive forces国有资产state-owned property开放国内市场to open domestic market缩小贫富差距to narrow the gap between the rich and poor 消除贫困to eliminate poverty共同富裕common prosperity经济形势economic situation经济波动economic fluctuation经济衰退economic depression; recession经济稳定economic stability经济政策economic policy经济复原economic recovery经济奇迹economic miracle经济起飞economic take-off全球经济global economy经济学家economist企业家entrepreneur经济全球化economic globalization市场经济market economy市场调节marker regulation市场多元化market diversification推动经贸合作to boost economic and trade cooperation商界business communities互惠互利mutual benefit总需求aggregate/total demand总供给aggregate supply扩大内需to expand domestic demand团购group buying财政预算financial budget耐用消费品durable consumer goods年末促销year-end promotion垄断monopoly垄断行业monopoly industry市场占有率market share生产力/生产率productivity经济增长放缓economic slowdown国有企业state-owned enterprise (SOE)私营企业private business合资企业joint venture民营企业privately-run business中小企业small and medium-sized enterprise小微企业small and micro-sized firm民间资本private capital民间投资private investment泡沫经济bubble economy经济过热overheating of economy实体经济the real economy外汇储备充足sufficient foreign exchange reserve 国内/国际贸易domestic/international trade对外贸易foreign trade贸易条件terms of trade不公平竞争unfair competition海关customs关税customs duty水货/走私货smuggled goods产品质量product quality高度评价to speak highly of物美价廉competitive price and superior quality 销量/销售额sales存货/库存量stocks金融组织fiinancial institution商业信誉commercial reputation管理机制management mechanism改善服务to improve services延长保修期to extend maintenance制造商/制造厂manufacturer原材料raw material 样品sample大规模生产mass production年产量annual output劳动力密集型产业labour-intensive industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 工作歧视discrimination in workplace高消耗high consumption高投入high investment沿袭……模式to continue with the model of…住房抵押贷款residential mortgage loan分期付款to pay by installments信贷紧缩credit squeeze利率interest rate找工作to hunt for a job; job-hunting招聘广告the want ads职位position; post; job vacancy/opening求职信application letter个人简历resume; CV填写申请表to fill in/out application form接受职位to accept/take the post接任职位to take over the position工作面试job interview职业前景job/career prospects就业机会job opportunity工资待遇pay offer津贴allowance带薪假paid vacation伤残保险disability insurance失业保险unemployment insurance培训咨询training consultancy专业技能professional expertise脑力劳动mental work体力劳动labour/physical work手工劳动manual labour/work工作时间working time加班to work overtime; overtime夜班night shift零工odd job证券securities资产assets利润profit供需平衡balance between supply and demand 供求关系supply and demand relation供过于求supply exceeds demand通货紧缩deflation通货膨胀inflation基本建设/基础设施infrastructure生活标准/生活水平living standard购买力purchasing power; buying power短缺shortage不发达的underdeveloped发展中的developing持续、快速和健康的经济发展sustained, rapid and sound economic development四大国有银行the four major state-owned banks支票cheque/check转账/过户to transfer存钱to deposit money取钱to withdraw money货币money; currency发行issue现金cash零钱change钞票/纸币banknote; note; bill汇率/兑换率exchange rate利息interest保险insurance抵押mortgage税制taxation system征税/纳税taxation个人所得税individual income tax免税的tax-free纳税人taxpayer股票市场stock exchange股份/股票share; stock股息/红利dividend房地产real estate经济适用房economically affordable house廉租房low-rent house旅游地理地理geography华东East China华南South China西部地区western region中西部地区central and western regions; midwest地形地势terrain海拔/高度elevation 大陆continent平原plain高地plateau; highland低地lowland盆地basin山mountain山峰peak山区mountainous area沿海地区coastal region沿海港口coastal port岛屿island半岛peninsula山谷/峡谷valley; canyon海峡channel; strait黄河the Yellow River长江the Yangtze River五岳the Five Mountains泰山Mount Tai西湖West lake丝绸之路the Silk Road文化古迹cultural relics建筑architecture长城the Great Wall故宫the Imperial Palace; the Forbidden City 天坛the Temple of Heaven国家博物馆national museum钟楼bell tower鼓楼drum tower胡同Hutong大运河Grand Canal苏州园林Suzhou gardens景点tourist attraction; scenic spot名胜古迹places of interests避暑胜地summer resort森林公园forest park自然保护区nature reserve自然景观natural scenery壮丽河山magnificent scenery淡水湖freshwater lake古典山水园林classical landscape garden皇家园林royal garden中外游客tourists from home and abroad游乐园amusement park植物园botanical garden度假to take a vacation; to go on holiday门票(entrance) ticket星级酒店star-rated hotel保存最完好的best-preserved原址original site高峰期rush hour人山人海/人满为患overcrowded; to be packed with overcrowded people翻山越岭to climb mountains and hills受到……的热烈欢迎to be warmly welcomed by…位于to be located in/at省会provincial capital水域面积water area三面环山to be surrounded by mountains on three sides 全长……公里to stretch for… km/kilometers面貌焕然一新to take on a completely new look丰富知识to enrich one’s knowledge开阔视野to broaden one’s horizons扩大知识面to enlarge the scope of knowledge培养独立性to cultivate independence运输工具means of transportation公共交通public transport地铁站subway station候车室waiting room护照passport签证有效期validity of visa散客individual visitor团体游客group visitor环境灾害气候climate环境保护environmental protection环境问题environmental problem/issue环境污染environmental pollution污染物pollutant全球变暖global warming温室效应greenhouse effect废水waste water; polluted water废气pollution gas;exhaust gas白色污染white pollution雾霾天气smog weather沙尘天气sand and dust weather提高全民环保意识to raise environmental awareness amongst the general public 节能减排energy-saving and emission-reduction; energy conservation and emission reduction预防为主、防治结合policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control环境产品environment-friendly product一次性产品disposable product开发可再生资源to develop renewable resources高能耗产业energy-intensive industry生态环境the ecological environment水土流失water loss and soil erosion水土保持water and soil conservation降雨量rainfall物种灭绝the extinction of bio-species先污染后治理to exert control after pollution碳减排carbon emission reduction温室气体greenhouse gas emission二氧化碳carbon dioxide新能源汽车green car汽车尾气motor vehicle exhaust发动机排量engine displacement零排放车辆zero-emission vehicle小排量汽车small-displacement car资源枯竭depletion of resources能源危机energy crisis原油crude oil油价飙升oil prices surge可代替能源alternative energy清洁能源clean energy新型能源new type energy回收利用to recycle垃圾分类garbage classification可回收的recyclable不可回收的unrecyclable处理to dispose低碳城市化道路way of low-carbon urbanization城市化urbanization濒临灭绝/失传to be on the verge of extinction/loss珍稀濒危物种rare and endangered species稀有物种rare species防护林带shelter belt森林覆盖率forest coverage rate改善土壤soil improvement地质灾害geological disaster灾难catastrophe; tragedy; disaster不幸misfortune伤亡人员casualty伤亡人数death toll台风typhoon火山爆发volcanic eruption地震earthquake洪水flood干旱drought教育普及教育universal education素质教育quality education；quality-oriented education 应试教育examination-oriented education九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education学前教育preschool education初等教育elementary education小学elementary school；primary school初中junior high school高中senior high school希望工程Project Hope学龄儿童school-ager失学儿童dropout课业负担academic burden学生减负alleviate the burden on students入学率enrollment rate适龄儿童入学率enrollment rate for children of school age 高考university/college entrance examination高等教育higher education高等学府institution of higher education综合性大学comprehensive university文科院校college of (liberal) arts理工科大学college/university of science and engineering 师范学院normal college军校military academy大学城college town象牙塔ivory tower校园文化campus culture高校扩招the college expansion助学贷款student loan; educational loan受过良好教育的well-educated大学生undergraduate研究生graduate student；postgraduate（student）应届毕业生graduating student；current year’s graduate 考研to take the entrance exams for postgraduate school 读研to attend graduate school毕业典礼graduation ceremony毕业论文a graduation paper毕业实习graduation field work; to go out on internships 授予学位to confer an academic degree on sb.博士学位doctor’s degree硕士学位master’s degree学士学位bachelor’s degree在职博士生on-job doctorate就业难tough employment缓解就业压力to alleviate employment pressure中专生students of secondary vocational school扩大招生人数to enlarge school enrollment/recruits升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade高分低能high scores and low abilities填鸭式教学cramming method of teaching培训班training class走读生extern; non-resident student住校生boarder课外活动extracurricular activity必修课required/compulsory course选修课elective/optional course基础课basic course专业课specialized course专业知识specialized knowledge开设课程to offer a course课程表school schedule教学大纲teaching program; syllabus学分制credit system补考make-up examination学年school year师资力量teaching faculty推进素质教育to push ahead with education for all-around development基本实现教育现代化to basically modernize education招生就业指导enrollment and vocation guidance竞争激烈fierce competition评价体系evaluation system选拔官员/人才to select officials/talents出国留学to study abroad海外留学生overseas student; international student文盲illiteracy; illiterate继续教育continuing/further education终身学习life-long learning自学考试self-study examination夜间大学evening university电视大学open university成人夜校night school for adults在职进修班on-job training courses远程学习distance learning充电to update one’s knowledge教育界education circle教育投入input in education教育公平fairness/equality in education教育资源education resource教师资源teacher resource分配不均衡unevenly distribute/allocate教学设施teaching facility缩小城乡教育差距to bridge/narrow the educational gap between rural and urban areas辍学率dropout rate科技科技发展scientific and technologicaladvancement/development新兴学科emerging discipline生物技术bio-technology克隆cloning基因工程genetic engineering空间实验室space laboratory航天飞机shuttle卫星satellite探测器detector软件software网络世界cyber world网络文化cyber culture网络犯罪cyber crime信息革命information revolution电子货币e-currency人工智能artificial intelligence (AI)虚拟银行virtual bank电子商务e-business; e-commerce网络出版e-publishing个人信息泄露leakage of personal information搜索引擎search engine网页浏览web browsing即时消息instant message 视频电话video phone文件传输document transmission在线社区online community社交模式social networking网上冲浪to surf on the Internet信息时代information age信息爆炸information explosion高科技产品high-tech product电子设备electronic device智能手机smartphone; intelligent handset创新innovation研发research and development核心技术core technology电讯telecommunication硬件hardware网民netizen活跃用户active user对……上瘾to be/get addicted to…计算机病毒computer virus虚拟世界virtual world网上购物online shopping消费理念consumption concept大众媒体mass media出版商publisher电子版electronic version娱乐资讯entertainment information三维电影three-dimensional movie在线娱乐online entertainment当地新闻local news简讯brief news获取信息to obtain information收视率audience rating垃圾信息spam message骚扰电话harassing call社会生活基本国策 a basic national/state policy制定政策to make a policy（政策）生效/开始实施to come into force/effect晚婚晚育late marriage and late childbirth搞好优生优育to promote good prenatal and postnatal care 稳定低生育水平to stabilize the low birth rate推行可持续发展战略to pursue the strategy of sustainable development简化审批程序to simplify approval procedures行政管理administrative management违反规定to violate a rule/regulation少数名族ethnic minority过快增长excessive growth急剧下降to be on the sharp decline人口稠密/稀少densely/sparsely populated人口基数/密度/分布population base/density/distribution 人口出生率birth rate人口增长的高峰期baby boom人口素质quality of the population人口老龄化aging of population人口流动population mobility老龄化社会aging society医疗服务medical service满足基本需求to satisfy basic needs社会效益social benefit健康管理health management应运而生to appear accordingly; to emerge asrequired/needed普通市民ordinary resident物价上涨rising price家政服务业home services industry建筑工地construction site农产品agricultural product爱情告白to express one’s love几世同堂的家庭a family consisting of several generations 性骚扰sexual harassment贫富分化disparity between the rich and the poor挂失to report the loss补办to re-apply/re-register/post-register城镇化urbanization高楼大厦high-rise/tall/high building小康社会well-off society贫困家庭poor family和睦相处to live in peace/harmony中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics 物质文化material civilization精神文化spiritual civilization为人民服务to serve the people坚持……的方针to adhere to the principle of…社会保障social security养老保险retirement insurance医疗保险medical insurance 弱势群体disadvantaged group单亲single parent关心老龄人to care for senior citizens大龄青年older adults; single youth above the normal matrimonial age独生子女the only child in family社会背景social background福利welfare福利彩票welfare lotteries家政服务household management service户籍household registration居住证residence permit基础设施建设infrastructure construction劳动力短缺labor shortage空巢老人empty nester农民工migrant worker农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor/laborers机动车辆猛增motor vehicles surge交通堵塞traffic jam/congestion过度拥挤overcrowded单双号限号even-odd license plate plan闯红灯running red light扣分处罚point penalty酒驾drunk driving终身禁驾lifetime ban from driving性别歧视gender/sexual discrimination年龄歧视age discrimination盗版pirated; illegal copies政策法规法制观念awareness of law法制国家a country with an adequate legal system改革开放reform and opening-up可持续发展sustainable development和谐并存harmonious coexistence计划生育family planning计划生育基本国策the basic state policy of family planning科教兴国national rejuvenation through science and education公务员civil servants官僚主义作风the bureaucratic style of work廉洁高效honesty and high efficiency居委会neighborhood committee一国两制One Country, Two Systems一个中国原则the one-China principle两岸关系cross-straits relations两岸谈判cross-straits negotiations领土完整territorial integrity民族精神national spirit求同存异to seek common ground while shelving differences精神文明建设the construction of spiritual civilization 与时俱进to keep pace with the times综合国力overall national strength共同愿望common desire“走出去”（战略）going global全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign人口普查census社会保险social insurance。

四书五经合集（白话注释版）作者：古代多人内容简介：四书五经，乃我中华文明之根基文化。

今集其释注版，与朋友们共享，非常难得的资料。

四书五经是四书和五经的合称，是中国儒家的经典书籍。

四书是指《论语》、《孟子》、《大学》和《中庸》；而五经是指《诗经》、《尚书》、《礼记》、《周易》、《春秋》，简称为“诗、书、礼、易、春秋”，其实本来应该有六经，还有一本《乐经》，合称“诗、书、礼、乐、易、春秋”，但后来亡于秦末战火，只剩下五经。

《四书五经》是南宋以后儒学的基本书目，儒生学子的必读书。

四书之《大学》四书之《孟子》四书之《论语》四书之《中庸》五经之《左传》五经之《礼记》五经之《周易》五经之《尚书》五经之《诗经》正文==========================大学目录大学简介三纲八目的追求弘扬光明的品德苟日新，日日新，又日新找准自己的位置凡事抓住根本获得知识的途径不要自欺欺人修身先正心齐家先修身治国先齐家平天下先治国------------------大学简介《大学》原本是《礼记》中的一篇。

宋代人把它从《礼记》中抽出来，与《论语》、《孟子》、《中庸》相配合，到朱熹撰《四书章句集注》时，便成了“四书”之一。

按朱熹和宋代另一位著名学者程颐的看法，《大学》是孔子及其门徒留下来的遗书，是儒学的人门读物。

所以，朱熹把它列为“四书”之首。

朱熹又认为收在礼记中的《大学》本子有错乱，便把它重新编排了一番，分为“经”和“传”两个部分。

其中“经”一章，是孔子的原话，由孔子的学生曾子记录；“传”十章，是曾子对“经”的理解和阐述，由曾子的学生记录。

这样一编排，便有了我们今天所见到的《大学》版本。

------------------三纲八目的追求【原文】大学之道（1），在明明德（2），在亲民（3），在止于至善。

知止（4）而后有定；定而后能静；静而后能安；安而后能虑；虑而后能得（5）。

物有本末，事有终始。

知所先后，则近道矣。

古之欲明明德于天下者，先治其国；欲治其国者，先齐其家（6）；欲齐其家者，先修其身（7）；欲修其身者，先正其心；欲正其心者，先诚其意；欲诚其意者，先致其知（8）；致知在格物（9）。

摘要：翻译硕士（MTI）经典素材-笔译常用词汇（文化）All Saint’s Day 万圣节American plan约能源 (旅馆的）美国式收费式a soft job 轻松的工作a widow’s mite 礼轻情义重beefcake 男性健美照be free to practice one’s religion 宗教信仰自由“bifocal” vision “双重”视野break with old customs 抛弃传统busboy （饭店的）洗碗擦桌子的杂工Catch-22 无法摆脱的困难；难以逾越的障碍civic values 大众价值观clash with civilizations 文明的碰撞consumerist creed 消费至上主义corporate culture 企业文化country fair 乡村博览会cross-cultural bridge 跨文化桥梁cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流cultural borrowing 文化借用cultural complex 文化情结cultural development 文化建设cultural devolution 文化退化cultural differences 文化差异cultural hegemony 文化霸权cultural heritage 文化遗产cultural identity 文化认同cultural impact 文化影响cultural insights 文化视角cultural lag 文化落后cultural life 文化生活cultural manifestation 文化诉求cultural misreading 文化误读cultural pluralism; multiculturalism 文化多元化cultural shock 文化冲击cultural traditions 文化传统culture area 文化区culture of tolerance 宽容的文化culture-oriented travel 文化旅游culture trait 文化特质dialogue among civilizations 文明间的对话dinner etiquette 餐桌礼仪dominant culture 主导文化ethnic origin 种族起源flower children 配花嬉皮士Flower Generation 花季的一代generation X （90年代的）未知的一代gold-collars 金领阶层hard drug 硬毒品；易成瘾的烈性毒品（如海洛因、可卡因、吗啡等）heterogenous culture 异质文化high culture 优等文化；高级文化human civilization 人类文明humane historical sites 人文历史遗址hyper-individualism 超级个人主义intercultural dialogue 跨文化对话isomorphic cultural community 同质文化群体King’s English 纯正英语language restriction 语言限制主义Lazy Susan （指一种盛食品的）自动转盘（方便顾客选用的食品）low culture 低等文化；低级文化low tea 晚餐前茶点mainstream culture 主流文化Mary Jane 大麻（烟叶）“me” generation （70年代的）“为我”的一代midriff 露脐装national identity and values 民族特性和价值观national sentiments 民族感情new-collars （指二战后的第一代婴儿潮中出生的人）Nobel laureate 诺贝尔获得者off license 售酒执照orphan book 孤本pot culture 大麻文化（指以吸用大麻为中心的生活方式）prejudice and misunderstanding 偏见和误解promote sociability 促进社会交往sample local culture 领略当地文化service station 加油站，服务站silent generation （指50年代成年的人）沉默的一代soft drug 软毒品；不宜成瘾的毒品spiritual enhancement 精神升华the beaten generation 垮掉的一代The Clash of Civilization 《文明冲突》the gilded age 镀金时代the lost generation 迷茫的一代the Millennials 千禧一代tolerance and mutual respect 互相宽容和尊重value of knowledge 知识的价值value proposition 价值主张Vietnam War generation 越战的一代（60年代成年的人）weekly-shoppers throwaways 每周购物一次的人看就随手扔掉的那种杂志Yaps (young aspiring professionals) 亚皮士/雅皮士/优皮士（少壮职业人士/年轻、不断得到升迁的专业人士）yellow boy 金币These two cultures, which were created in different areas, developed in parallel and without interference.这两种文化产生于不同的地区，他们的发展并行不悖，互不影响。

中华思想文化术语----20个中英文对照词了解传统文化中华思想文化术语----20个中英文对照词了解传统文化近日，“中华思想文化术语传播工程”第二批术语对外发布，对“居安思危”“上善若水”等反映中华传统文化特征与思维方式的核心术语，作出了简明的中文释义和英文翻译。

今天，“微言教育”继续向大家亮出这些词语，我们一起学习吧。

【英译】Jingjie (Visionary World)【释义】“境界”本指疆域边界、土地边界，后来在佛经翻译中，“境界”一词被用于精神领域，指人破除对于物质世界的沉迷后所达到的精神层次或修为境域。

作为文艺术语，主要指文艺作品中所表现出的审美层次和境域，是作者的创造力、理解力和审美能力在精神层面的综合呈现。

有境界的作品是作者真实人格的显现，具备超越凡俗的意味，更能引发读者的共鸣，激发读者的想象，甚至提升读者的感受。

“意境”形成较早，而“境界”主要受中唐以后佛教思想的影响而形成。

近代学者王国维《人间词话》对境界的阐释最多。

王国维往往将“意境”与“境界”概念通用。

他构建了融合西方美学与中国古典美学为一体的“境界论”。

但一般说来，意境侧重作者主观寓意与作品形象的完满融会，通过鉴赏使想象得到发挥，而境界则突出心灵感悟使艺术形象得到升华，强调心灵世界对于作品层次的提升。

【英译】Aesthetic Conception TranscendsConcrete Objects Described.【释义】诗文中的审美意境往往在物象之外，需要鉴赏者领悟其中的精神之美。

“境”指作品所创造的审美意境，“象”是作品中所呈现出的具体物象。

诗歌由语言文字写成，所描写的都是一个个物象，在这些具体的物象之外，能够形成整体的审美情境。

唐代诗人刘禹锡首次提出这个命题，表达对诗歌意趣的思考，强调文字与物象是确切的，而审美情境却是微妙而难以言传的。

在古典诗论意境说的形成过程中，“境生象外”是一个重要的发展阶段。

【英译】Be on Alert Against PotentialDanger When Living inPeace【释义】处在安宁的环境中，要想到可能出现的危难。

翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——人文本内容凯程崔老师有重要贡献人文(rénwén)指礼乐教化、典章制度，即诗书、礼乐、法度等精神文明的创造以及与之相关的既有差等又有调和的社会秩序。

与“天文”(日月星辰等天体的运行状态和规律)相对。

也泛指人事，即人类社会的行为、习俗或状态。

近代以后，受西学影响，“人文”演变指人类社会的各种文化现象，研究人类社会文化现象的学科称为人文科学。

RenwenRenwen (人文) encompasses the cultural and ethical progress created by rites, music, education, codes, and systems as well as a social order which is hierarchical but harmonious. Renwen is in contrast to tianwen (天文), the study of celestial bodies including the sun, moon, and stars. Renwenalso refers to human affairs in general, that is, behaviors, customs, and the human state. Under the influence of Western culture in the modern period, renwen came to mean cultural phenomena in human society as well as the humanities, which are academic disciplines that study human culture.********************************************【引例】观乎天文，以察时变;观乎人文，以化成天下。