基础英语考试

ket 入门英语考试
KET (Key English Test)是由剑桥英语考试委员会 (Cambridge English Language Assessment)提供的一项英语水平考试。

KET 考试旨在评估学生在英语听力、口语、阅读和写作方面的入门水平。

KET考试分为五个部分：阅读(Reading)、写作(Writing)、听力(Listening)、口语(Speaking)和使用英语 (Use of English)。

阅读部分要求学生阅读简单的文章和短文，并回答问题。

写作部分要求学生根据指示写作一篇短文。

听力部分要求学生听听力材料，并回答相关问题。

口语部分要求学生进行简单的口语交流，包括问答、描述图片等。

使用英语部分要求学生填写单词、完形填空等。

KET考试适合那些刚开始学习英语的人，想要评估自己的英语水平的人。

通过参加KET考试，学生可以检验自己的英语基础知识，并获得一份官方认可的英语证书。

此外，KET考试也是进一步参加剑桥英语考试体系中更高级别考试的起点，在学习英语的过程中，KET是一个重要的里程碑。

希望以上信息对你有帮助！。

610《基础英语》考试内容范围《基础英语》科目是一种水平考试，主要考核学生实际掌握和运用英语的能力。

本科目的总分为150分，全套题共有5部分，其中客观题占40%，主观题占60%，考试时间为3小时。

I. The Use of English （30分）本部分由两个项目组成，总分为30分。

Part A为多项选择题，共有20道题，每题1分，主要测试考生对英语惯用法、习语、近义词、难点语法等方面的掌握情况。

Part B 为填空题，每空1分，试题给出150词字左右的文章，留出10个空，考生从给定的15个词或短语中选择符合文章逻辑关系和意义的填入空中。

本部分主要考察学生理解篇章能力、运用语言能力和使用词汇和语法能力。

II．Reading Comprehension （30分）本部分共有3篇文章，每篇文章350词左右，15个选择题，每题2分，共30分。

阅读理解的测试旨在检验考生能否在规定时间内对所给阅读材料中叙述的内容进行理解、洞察和辨别，要求考生能掌握所读材料的中心思想、主要内容和细节；对所读材料的内容进行一定的判断和推理；理解某些词和句子的意义及上下文之间的逻辑关系；领会作者的观点和判断作者的态度。

题材有科普、经济、教育、社会生活、历史文化、人物传记等；文章体裁包括议论文、叙述文、说明文、应用文等。

III. General Knowledge （10分）本部分为一般知识性测试。

共有10道选择题，每题1分，共10分。

主要了解考生对几个主要几个讲英语国家的文学、文化、风俗、政治、历史、科技、地理等方面的一般了解情况。

IV. Translation Work （40分）本部分有两个项目：Part A 为英译汉，试题给出350 --- 400词的文章，从中下划线5个句子，每个句子4分，共20分。

主要了解考生对下划线句子，乃至整片文章的理解能力、汉语的表达能力、句中难点的处理能力。

Part B 为汉译英，总分为20分，试题给出1 --- 2段300 ---- 400字的汉语文章，要求考生将其翻译成英语。

船员英语基础考试题及答案一、单选题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the meaning of "port" in the context of navigation?A. Left sideB. Right sideC. Left side of a shipD. Right side of a ship答案：C2. Which of the following is NOT a type of maritime weather forecast?A. Gale warningB. Storm warningC. Sunny weatherD. Fog warning答案：C3. What does "dead in the water" mean?A. The ship is sinkingB. The ship is stationaryC. The ship is moving fastD. The ship is turning答案：B4. What is the abbreviation "LOA" used for?A. Length Over AllB. Length of ArrivalC. Length of AnchorD. Length of Approach答案：A5. In maritime communication, what does "Roger" mean?A. I understandB. I agreeC. I disagreeD. I don't understand答案：A6. What is the correct term for the lowest deck of a ship?A. Bridge deckB. Forecastle deckC. Main deckD. Upper deck答案：C7. What does "over the horizon" mean in maritime navigation?A. Beyond the visible horizonB. Just above the horizonC. Below the horizonD. Inside the horizon答案：A8. What is the meaning of "starboard"?A. Left side of a shipB. Right side of a shipC. The front part of a shipD. The back part of a ship答案：B9. Which of the following is NOT a navigational instrument?A. CompassB. SextantC. RadarD. Thermometer答案：D10. What does "underway" mean in the context of a ship?A. The ship is sailingB. The ship is dockedC. The ship is sinkingD. The ship is being repaired答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The ________ is the part of the ship where the captain stands to navigate.答案：bridge2. The ________ is the highest point of a wave.答案：crest3. A ________ is a device used to measure the depth of water. 答案：sounding line4. The ________ is the part of the ship that is below the waterline.答案：hull5. The ________ is the part of the ship that is above the waterline.答案：superstructure6. The ________ is the horizontal distance from the bottom of the keel to the top of the mast.答案：height7. The ________ is the vertical distance from the waterlineto the highest point of the ship.答案：freeboard8. The ________ is the forward part of a ship.答案：bow9. The ________ is the rear part of a ship.答案：stern10. The ________ is the side of the ship that is opposite to the wind.答案：leeward三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1. A ship's "beam" refers to its width. （）答案：正确2. The term "aground" means the ship is floating freely. （）答案：错误3. "Bearing" in navigation refers to the direction of a pointrelative to the ship. （）答案：正确4. "Clearing the harbor" means the ship is leaving the port. （）答案：正确5. "Man the lifeboats" is an order to prepare for abandoning ship. （）答案：正确6. "Down the hatch" is a phrase used when loading cargo ontoa ship. （）答案：正确7. "Full ahead" is an order to stop the ship. （）答案：错误8. "Hard aport" means to turn the ship to the left. （）答案：正确9. "Steady as she goes" means the ship is maintaining a steady course. （）答案：正确10. "All hands on deck" is an order to gather all crew members on the deck. （）答案：正确四、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. What is the purpose of a life jacket on a ship?答案：A life jacket, also known as a personal flotation device (PFD), is designed to keep a person afloat in water and is a crucial safety equipment onboard a ship.2. Explain the role of a lookout on a ship.答案：A lookout is a crew member tasked with maintaining a visual and auditory watch for other vessels。

1.2.A private collector is a man who collects______A______.A. for his own benefitB. on his ownC. in privateD. unknown to the public正确A解析：无2.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the .A. roomsnumberB. roomnumberC. room’snumbersD. roomnumbers正确答案: D答错了3.You should only use the door in a(n) .A. crisisB. hurryC. pressureD. emergency正确答案: D答错了解析：无4.I prefer to stay on the bus. That's _____.A. my favouriteB. my bestC. belovedD. what I'd like to do best答错了解析：无5.Frank is the ____A__ of a business company.A. directorB. headmasterC. superiorD. leader正确A解析：无6.The garden a strong fragrance.A. gaveupB. gaveinC. gaveawayD. gaveoff正确答案: D答错了解析：无7.After ten years, all these youngsters became .A. growns-upsB. growns-upC. grown-upD. grown-ups正确答案: D答错了解析：无8.She lied to him. What she said was ____A. falseB. trueC. lieD. wrong正确A解析：无9.I know you want to borrow money, but I have at hand myself.A. noneB. nooneC. nothingD. few正确A解析：无10.Patches of green had begun to appear. There was green grass ________A. every whereB. only in one or two placesC. in one placeD. here and there正确答案: D答错了解析：无11.She is _____ a musician. She is not a professional of course, but she just loves music and is particularly fond of stringed music.A. something ofB. like ofC. seemD. seem as正确A12.The output of the grain this year is twice as much as of last year.A. thatB. thoseC. itD. this正确A解析：无13.John Gilbert was in hospital. He was taken ______ hospital last week.A. atB. inC. toD. on答错了解析：无14.He looked at the bits of wood and metal ______ around him.A. layingB. laidC. lyingD. lied正确答案: C答错了解析：无15.If you____________ in Britain, you needn’t despair.A. do liveB. are livingC. liveD. were iving正确答案: C答错了解析：无16.In his opinion, success in life mainly on how we get along with other people.A. keepsB. decidesC. insistsD. depends正确答案: D答错了解析：无17.Huge crowds of people stood on side of the river watching the boat race.A. someB. bothC. eitherD. neither正确答案: C答错了解析：无18.I didn’t really want a wallet, but the salesman persuaded me to buy .A. itB. oneC. anotherD. theother正确答案: B答错了19.The coin was almost worthless. So it was of small ______.A. worthyB. honourC. priceD. value正确答案: D答错了解析：无20.It is really _____ of you not to talk aloud while the baby is asleep.A. concernedB. considerableC. considerateD. careful答错了解析：无21.Don’t be so _____, he is just making a joke.A. sensitiveB. sentimentalC. sensoryD. sensible正确A解析：无22.Mary worked harder than ever before; she knew she had to ______ the time she had lost.A. make up her mindB. make upC. make outD. make up for正确答案: D答错了解析：无23.His job is better than .A. anyoneelseB. anyoneelse’sC. anyoneD. anyone’selse正确答案: B答错了解析：无24.The front door is the main to the house.A. solutionB. wayC. entranceD. path正确答案: C答错了解析：无25.______ at the time, he was determined to send his son to the best school.A. As he was poorB. Poor was heC. Poor as he wasD. Poor he was正确答案: C答错了解析：无简答题solve the problem quickly. A slow lifestyle, why; a quicklifestyle, why. (4%)答错了解析：无28.More and more often we heard of people talking about Karaoke（卡拉OK）. But what on earth it is about，still remains a question for many people. Karaoke is a sort of acoustic equipment which was invented in Japan around the middle of the 1970's. It means "a band without people" in Japanese. In fact，it is just a music tape without words. This equipment first appeared in some public houses and snack bars，and mainly for the customers to enjoy themselves. Most of the music in Karaoke was popular music. Therefore，at times，when anyone felt like it，he might sing songs to the accompaniment of the music that came from the equipment. Shortly after its invention，Karaoke was spread to the whole world. It was introduced to China and was welcomed by many people. Although you are not a good singer，or even sometimes you may sing out of tune，you can always enjoy yourself by singing Karaoke. 1. In this passage "band" means "group of persons ________." A. who play games on the sports ground B. who play music together C. living in the same neighborhood D. doing things together under a leader and with a common简答题正确答案: After he had done his homework, he went to bed.答错了解析：无简答题31.More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured each year. At the speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third-floor windows. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengersover 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to ￡50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances apply to you before you decide not to wear you seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. 21. This text is taken from ________. A. a medical magazine B. a police report C. a legal document D. a government information booklet 22. Wearing a seat belt in a vehicle ________. A. reduces road accidents by more than half B. saves lives while driving at a speed up to 30 miles per hour C. reduces the rate of death and serious injury in traffic accidents D. saves more than 15,000 lives each year 23. It is the driver’s responsibility to ________. A. make the front seat passenger wear a seat belt B. make the front seat children under 14 wear a seat belt C. stop children riding in the front seat D. wear a seat belt each time he drives 24. According to the text, which of the following people riding in the front do not have to wear a seat belt? A. Someone who is backing into a parking space. B. Someone who is picking up the children from the local school. C. Someone who is delivering invitation letters. D. Someone who is under 14. 25. For some people, it may be better ________. A. to wear a seat belt for health reasons B. not to wear a seat belt for简答题32.Guangzhou（Xinhua）—12 people were killed and 20 injured early yesterday morning when they jumped from a burning train car into the path of an oncoming goods train in Southern China. When No. 247 Wuchang—Guangzhou passenger train was passing the Dayaoshan Tunnel in Guangdong Province，South China at 00：17 hours yesterday，a fire caused by passengers' smoking broke out on No. 17 car. They wanted to extinguish fire. As the train stopped some frightened passengers jumped from windows. 12 people were crushed to death and 20 others injured by a northward passing goods train（No. 1766）. 6. In which direction did the passenger train travel？A. Northward. B. Southward. C. Eastward. D. Westward. 7. When did the accident happen？A. At 00：17 am. B. At 00：17 pm. C. At seventeen past one.D. At seventeen to one. 8. Where did the accident happen？A. In Wuchang. B. In简答题33.When children learn a language, they learn the grammar as well as the words or vocabulary. No one teaches them, children just “pick them up”. Before babies begin to produce words, they produce sounds. Some of these sounds will remain if they occur in the language being acquired, and others will disappear. This is called the “babbling stage”. A child does not learn the language “all at once”. The child’s first utterances (言语) are one-word sentences. After a few months, the two-word stage arises. During this stage, the child puts two words together. These two-word sentences have definite patterns and express grammatical and meaningful relationships. Still later, in the telegraphic stage, the child will produce longer解析：无34.Mails, games, music, news, chat rooms（聊天室）and shopping! The Internet is part of the way we live today. It’s easy to get onto the Internet. The only thing we need to do is to use a modem which is used for connecting a computer to a telephone line. The Internet is changing and growing all the time. More and more people have computers and use the Internet. Using the Internet means surfing the World Wide Web(That’s the “www”you always hear about.) The Web（网）has large numbers of websites（网站）in it. They are the places you go to get information and do things.Where do these websites come from? They are made by web designers（设计师）.What happens when you click on a word or a picture? You are sent to another page. It’s all because of the web designer. Web designers do a lot of work by using a computer programming（程序编辑）language. Is Web design all about computer programming? No. It’s about making something new. Web designers must imagine a lot when they are making a website. It must look good and be fun to use.A big part of Web design is art. They choose the best pictures and colors to make the website look good. They also write the things that you see on the website. An important part of their job is to share（分享）ideas with the website manager about how to design the website well. 16．This passage is mainly（主要的）about . A．computer programming language B．the web designers’work C．the website简答题正确答案: One of the things that fascinates us most aboutcats is the popular belief that they have nine lives.答错了解析：无36.Media Selection for Advertisements After determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus our attention on seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home，Internet and direct mail. Television Television is an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? You can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication. But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it. Television's influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. The GolfChannel, for instance. is watched by people who play golf. Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous(具有共同特点的) than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus, advertisers. This has also resulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers. Newspaper After television, the medium attracting the next largest annual ad revenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for $1 billion in ad revenue annually, increased its national circulation (发行量) by 40% and is now available for home delivery. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertising medium. Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer more detailed message to their audience than they can through 48 hours, meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the massage out. Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community, and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local reader. Radio Advertising on radio continues to grow Radio is often used in conjunction with outdoor bill-boards (广告牌) and the Internet to reach even more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repealtheir ads often. Internet companies are also turning 10 radio advertising. Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day. Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home, and in the evening hours. Two major changes—satellite and Internet radio—will force radio advertisers to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations that are more distant than the local stations they could receive in the past. As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart. Magazines Newsweeklies, women’s titles, and business magazines have all seen increases in advertising because they attract the high-end market, magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcast medium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences are more homogeneous, if you read sports illustrated, for example, you have much in common with the magazine’s other readers. Advertisers see magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members. Advertiser using the print media-magazines and newspapers will need to adapt to two main changes. First, the internet will bring larger audiences to local newspapers. the second, advertisers will have to understand how to use an increasing number of magazines for their target audiences. Although some magazines will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences. Out-of-home advertising Also called place-based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. Manyconsumers today do not sit at home and watch television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of reaching these on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective, technology has changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium than in the past. Using digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more variety in the types of messages they create because they can change their messages more quickly. Internet As consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek to reach this market. As consumers get more of their news and information from the Internet, the ability of television and radio to get the word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that audience members remember. Internet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations' advertising in the near future. Internet audiences tend to be quite homogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach these audiences and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the online medium as well. Direct mail A final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a client's message. Direct mail includes newsletters, postcards and special promotions. Direct mail is an effective way to build relationships with consumers. For many businesses, direct mail is the most effective from of advertising. 1.Television is an attractive advertising medium in that_____________. A. it has large audiences B. it appeals to housewives C. it helpsbuild up a company's reputation D. it is affordable to most advertiser 2. With the increase in the number of TV channels_________. A. the cost of TV advertising has decreased B. the number of TV viewers has increased C. advertisers' interest in other media has decreased D. the number of TV ads people can see has increasedpared with television, newspapers as an advertising medium_________________.A. earn a larger annual ad revenueB. convey more detailed messagesC. use more production techniquesD. get messages out more effectively 4.Advertising on radio continues to grow because ___________. A. more local radio stations have been set up B. modern technology makes it more entertaining C. it provides easy access to consumers D. it has been revolutionized by Internet radio. 5.Magazines are seen by advertisers as an efficient way to___________. A. reach target audiences B. modern technology makes it more entertaining C. appeal to educated people. D. convey all kinds of messages 6.Out-of-home advertising has become more effective because_______ A. billboards can be replaced within two hours B. consumers travel more now ever before C. such ads have been made much more attractive D. the pace of urban life is much faster nowadays 7.The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that are___________. A. quick to update B. pleasant to look at C. easy to remember D. convenient to access 8.Internet advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach audiences that tend to be_____________ 9.Direct mail is an effective form of advertising for businesses to develop_______________ 10.This passage discusses how advertisers select_______________ for advertisements.简答题简答题38.Little Tommy was doing very badly in math. His parents had tried everything—tutors (家庭教师), cards, special learning centers—in short, everything they could think of. Finally they took Tommy to a catholic (天主教的) school. After the first day, little Tommy came home with a very serious look on his face. He didn’t kiss his mother hello. Instead, he went straight to his room and started studying. Books and papers were spread (铺开) out all over the room and little Tommy was hard at work. His mother was surprised. She called him down to dinner and as soon as he finished eating, he went back to his room, without a word. In no time he was back hitting the books as hard as before. This went on for some time, day after day while the mother tried to understand what was happening. Finally, little Tommy brought home his report card. He quietly put it on the table and went up to his room and hit the books. His mom looked at it and to her surprise, little Tommy got an A in math. She could no longer hold her curiosity (好奇心). She went to his room and asked, “Son, what was it? Was it the nuns (修女)?”Little Tommy looked at her and shook his head, “No. ”“Well then,”she asked again. “WHAT was it?”Little Tommy looked at her and said, “Well, on the first day of school, when I saw that man nailed (钉) to the plus sign (加号), I knew they weren’t joking. ”6. Why did Tommy’s parents send him to a catholic school? A. Because he could eat well there. B. Because he could earn more about nuns. C. Because his parents wanted him to do better in his math. D. Because his parents didn’t want him to learn math any more.7. Tommy’s mother felt surprised that his son _______. A. was still the same as usualB. ate so much at dinnerC. kissed her hello after schoolD. worked hard but said简答题39.We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把…按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade! Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people justaccording to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning. In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher. Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal. 26. In the passage the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching”is _______. A. critical B. questioning C. approving D. objective 27. By “held back”(Line 1) the author means “________”A. made to remain in the same classes B. forced to study in the lower classes C. drawn to their studies D. prevented from advancing 28. The author argues that a teacher’s chief concern should be the development of the student’s ________. A. personal qualities and social skills B. total personality C. learning ability and communicative skills D. intellectual ability 29. Which of the简答题正确答案: 撒下一粒种子，看着它长大，照料这棵苗，最后收获其果实，这个过程能使人得到一种简单却持久的满足感。

2023年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)*******************************************************************************************招生专业与代码：050205日语语言文学、050203法语语言文学考试科目名称及代码：241 基础英语考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

Part I Cloze (10 points)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.How wonderful it would be not to worry about chasing customer invoices. but still get paid in __1__ and on time. This is perfectly possible by simply __2__ an invoice with an online customer accounts system and __3__ when it's going to be paid. Such supply chain management systems are traditionally the __4__ of multinationals with big IT budgets, but rising expectations on the part of customers are __5__ smaller businesses to buy into both the concept and the system. This is __6__ evident in manufacturing, financial services. telecommunications and the media.Ken Yamato, chairman of Logistics Inc., says this is a difficult culture change for many small businesses. When, for example, the multinational Unilever __7__ its information and supply chains to get a better __8__ of what was going on with its orders, one small supplier felt it was __9__ too much. But Yamato believes it is just as important for smaller companies to __10__ in IT systems to manage the supply chain as it is for larger ones, and that may __11__ losing customers if they do not have the __12__ to monitor orders and stock __13__ and manage production and purchasing. The online customer accounts system offers a __14__ edge, he says.Mark Kinsler of business so ftware company ITX says, ‘Companies have to supply "just in time" and have more __15__ relationships with their customers.’ For him, the interactive nature of an online system brings __16__ benefits, especially now that companies use more third-party suppliers. ‘Companies get a better idea of what is happening and can __17__ that different links in the supply chain __18__ certain tasks. This would __19__ self billing and, when the customer has __20__ the product, automatically producing the invoice for the third- party supplier.1. A.case B.full C.total D.turn2. A. detecting B.seeking C.tracking D.following3. A.inspecting paring C.testing D.checking4. A.zone B.position C.location D.territory5. A.encouraging B.promoting C. supporting D. advancing6. A.particularly B.strongly C.considerably D.intensely7. A.mixed B.associated C.integrated D.united8. A.understanding B.thought C.intelligence D.conclusion。

基础英语1[单选题]- How do you do?- _________Nice to have known you.I'm a doctor.How do you do?Very well.我的答案: B解析：2[单选题]-- Shall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water? -- ________I'd rather stay here if you don't mind.Sorry, I don't like neither.Certainly, why not?Yes, we like these two places.我的答案: A解析：3[单选题]--Why not join us in the game?--______________.Don't mention itOh, that's all rightNo, you do the sameOK! I'm coming我的答案: A解析：4[单选题]_______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.WhichThisThatWhat我的答案: B解析：5[单选题]- Thank you for inviting me.- _______Oh, so slowly?Thank you for coming.Oh, it's too late.I really had a happy time.我的答案: C解析：6[单选题]- It's a good idea. But who's going to_________ the plan?- I think John and Peter will.set asidetake inget throughcarry out我的答案: A解析：7[单选题]It has been ten years since the Labour Party came into ______ in that country.controlforcepowercharge我的答案: C解析：8[单选题]Therefore, other things ____ equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases.isarebeinghaving我的答案: C解析：9[单选题]She is not only my classmate ________ also my good friend.orbutandtoo我的答案: B解析：10[单选题]-- Shall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water? -- ________I'd rather stay here if you don't mind.Sorry, I don't like neither.Certainly, why not?Yes, we like these two places.我的答案: A解析：11[单选题]- Thank you for inviting me.- _______I really had a happy time.Oh, it's too late.Thank you for coming.Oh, so slowly?我的答案: C解析：12[单选题]After the earthquake, many people ______ hunger and cold; we must do something to help them.bearstandsufferhave我的答案: C解析：13[单选题]The boy required that he ______ treated as a kid.would not bewasn ’tnot bewas not going to be我的答案: C解析：14[单选题]6. Important() his discovery was, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.althoughasforto我的答案: C解析：15[单选题]I advised my daughter that she should not say anything in the presence of the President G.W Bush until ______.to be askedhaving been askedaskedbeing asked我的答案: B解析：16[单选题]- How often do you go dancing?- ________I've been dancing for a year.Every other day.Yesterday.I will go dancing tomorrow.我的答案: C解析：17[单选题]During the journey, the boys and girls entertained () with songs and games.itselfhimselftheirselvesthemselves我的答案: A解析：18[单选题]A sudden noise of a fire-engine made him_________ to the door.hurryinghurriedhurryto hurry我的答案: C解析：19[单选题]Will you_________ me a favor, please?domakebringgive我的答案: A解析：20[单选题]-- Shall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water? -- ________I'd rather stay here if you don't mind.Sorry, I don't like neither.Certainly, why not?Yes, we like these two places.我的答案: A解析：21[单选题]Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at ().Peter ’s and Helen ’sPeter and HelenPeter and HelensPeter and Helen ’s我的答案: A解析：22[单选题]- Ben, would you like to play football with us?- ______, but I have to wash the dishes first.I'd love toYes, pleaseI don't want toNo, I can't我的答案: D解析：23[单选题]A sudden noise of a fire-engine made him___to the door.hurryinghurriedhurryto hurry我的答案: C解析：24[单选题]After walking hurriedly for half an hour, I wanted to drink _______.something to be coldsomething with coldcold somethingsomething cold我的答案: A解析：25[单选题]The man ______Mary was so tall that she could hardly see the show.in front ofin the front ofat the back ofat the beginning of我的答案: A解析：26[单选题]_________her and then try to copy what she does.WatchStare atSeeMind我的答案: D解析：27[单选题]- Marilyn, I'm afraid I have to be leaving now.- ____________That sounds wonderful.Oh, so early?Not at all.Good luck!我的答案: B解析：28[单选题]If you go by train you can have quite ()comfortable journey.theoneathat我的答案: C解析：29[单选题]-- Hi, is Mary there, please?-- _____Hold on. I'll get her.No, she isn't here.Yes, she lives here.Yes, what do you want?我的答案: A解析：30[单选题]—Will you spare me a few minutes now ? —______. But I ’ll be free this afternoon.No, I don ’tOf course, I willYes, with pleasureI ’m afraid not我的答案: D解析：31[单选题]- Excuse me, how much is the jacket?- It's 499 Yuan. ______________Oh, no. That's OK!How do you like it?Which do you prefer?Would you like to try it on?我的答案: D解析：32[单选题]- _______- You too!Merry Christmas!What a beautiful day!Help yourself!It's very kind of you!我的答案: A解析：33[单选题]7. Be sure to meet him at the airport on time, ______?will youaren't youdon't you我的答案: A解析：34[单选题]I don't know the park, but it's______ to be quite beautiful.talkedspokentoldsaid我的答案: A35[单选题]8. —How did you ______ the football match yesterday ? —______.think, Very boringlike, Very boredfeel, Very boredfind, Very boring我的答案: D解析：36[单选题]- I am terribly sorry! I broke the vase. - _________I don't want it.Don't worry.You meant to do it.You buy one for me.我的答案: B解析：37[单选题]Will you_________ me a favor, please?domakegive我的答案: A解析：38[单选题]Would you let _____ to the park with my classmate, Mum?me gome goingI goI going我的答案: A39[单选题]-May I see your tickets, please?- ________Yes, you can.No, they are mine.No, you can't.Sure.我的答案: A解析：40[单选题]I didn't buy the apples; she gave them to me ______ nothing.foraswith我的答案: C解析：41[单选题]What ___the population of the USA?isarehas我的答案: A解析：42[单选题]-_____________-Very well,thank you. And you?How are you？How do you like Chinese ？How do you do？Good night.我的答案: D43[单选题]People at the party worried about him, because no one was aware ____ he had gone.of whereof the place wherewherethe place我的答案: A解析：44[单选题]—The film “A World Without a Thief ”is on in the Theater nearby tonight. —What ______ pity! I haven ’t got ______ ticket for it.a; aa; thethe; thethe; a我的答案: A解析：45[单选题]Tom, what did you do with my documents? I have never seen such a _____ and disorder!busguessmessmass我的答案: B解析：46[单选题]- May I borrow your umbrella for a moment?-- ______________.No, you can't do itSorry, but you may notWell, I am afraid I am going to use it myselfOf course not. I'm going to need it myself我的答案: C解析：47[单选题]Tom, what did you do with my documents? I have never seen such a _____ and disorder!massmessguessbus我的答案: B解析：48[单选题]While I was in the university, I learned taking a photo, ____ is very useful now for me.itwhichthatwhat我的答案: B解析：49[单选题]We do not go to college _______ nothing.onforbyin我的答案: B解析：50[单选题]- I can't repair your recorder until tomorrow, I'm afraid. -That's OK, there's _________.no problemno wonderno doubtno worry我的答案: D。

2023年英语基础考试题库及答案(全章节)第一章：词汇与语法词汇部分1. 下面哪个单词的拼写是正确的？A. recieveB. receiveC. receeveD. receve答案：B2. 下面哪个单词的意思与其他三个不相同？A. cleverB. smartC. intelligentD. stupid答案：D3. 下面哪个形容词的反义词与其他三个不相同？A. hotB. coldC. warmD. cool答案：A4. 下面哪个词语是副词？A. quicklyB. appleC. houseD. happy答案：A5. 下面哪个短语表示频率最高？A. sometimesB. oftenC. rarelyD. never答案：B语法部分1. 下面哪个句子的语法是正确的？A. She goed to work yesterday.B. He eated a sandwich for lunch.C. They drived to the store in a car.D. I saw a dog in the park.答案：D2. 下面哪个句子的语法是不正确的？A. I haven't eaten breakfast yet.B. He didn't went to the store.C. She has been studying for the test.D. They will be arriving soon.答案：B3. 下面哪个短语表示进行时态？A. has eatenB. will eatC. is eatingD. ate答案：C4. 下面哪个句子的语气是祈使句？A. She is jumping on the trampoline.B. Go clean your room now!C. They have been playing all day.D. I want to go to the park later.答案：B5. 下面哪个句子没有错别字？A. I flyed to London last week.B. They are havng a party tonight.C. She loves to read books.D. We have many freinds at school. 答案：C第二章：阅读理解（略）第三章：听力理解（略）第四章：写作1. 介绍你最喜欢的一本书。

第 1 页 共 8 页《基础英语四》考试试卷B适合专业: 考试日期:所需时间: 120分钟 闭卷考试 试卷总分：100分 I. Vocabulary （10×0.5=5 points ）Directions:Please match each word in the left column with the corresponding explanation inthe right one.1. irreverent A. to look with the eyes partly open2. oblige B. to make it necessary for you to do sth3. proximate C. having a lack of respect for certain organization, beliefs, customs4. squint D. to shine brightly5. necessitate E. to conquer6. glisten F. unsuitable7. subjugate G . to do sth for sb as a favor or small service 8. inept H. heavier, larger on one since than on the other 9. lopsided I. extremely enthusiastic 10. zealous J. nearest in time, order, etc II. Rhetorical devices （5×1=5 points ）Directions: Point out what kind of rhetorical device is used in the following sentences.A. metonymyB. parallelismC. personificationD. hyperboleE. alliterationF. euphemism G .. metaphor H. irony I. oxymoron J. paradox 11.The world is watching closely what the White House will do next. ( ) 12.. “Yes,” said the Dog. “Stand to one side. You are blocking the sunlight.” ( ) 13. Globalization's other problem is political, cultural and social. ( )14. In Orlando you develop a throat of iron, and you just put back your head and put it down, in case the police should arrive. ( ) 15. Live and let live. ( )III. Grammar & Vocabulary （20×0.5=10 points ）Directions: For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the sentence. Then mark the corresponding answer on ANSWER SHEET.16. The people living in these apartments have free _______ to that swimming pool. A. access B. excessC. excursionD. recreation17. He is quite sure that it ’s ______ impossible for him to fulfill the task within two days. A. absolutely B. exclusively C. fully D. roughly 18. To drive safely, you should check and _____ the brakes regularly. A. achieve B. attach C. adjust D. admire19. Residents were cutting their lawns, washing their cars and otherwise ________a pleasant, sunny day.A. idling awayB. taking awayC. chasing awayD. driving away20. John cannot afford to go to university, _______going abroad. A. not to speak of B. anything butC. nothing butD. nothing to speak of21. He waited in the _____ of the building until the rain stopped. A. lobby B. muddy C . ruby D. hobby22. The police are trying to find out the _____ of the woman killed in the traffic accident. A. evidence B. recognition C. status D. identity 23. A person ’s calorie requirements vary _____ his life. A. withinB. overC. throughoutD. across24. Before he started work, I asked the builder to give me an _____ of the cost of repairing the roof. A. assessmentB. estimateC. announcementD. evaluation25. With great effort of the peace-loving people all over the world; Iraq ______ the war. A. survived B. survived from C. survival D. survived to 26. I am not too ____ jazz.A. keen onB. keen inC. fond onD. fond to院系： 班级： 姓名： 学号：装 订 线27. The ______ stuck on the envelope says “By Air”A. diagramB. labelC. signalD. mark28. I usually listen to the weather _______, though I have little faith in it.A. broadcastB. predictionC. forecastD. announcement29. Politics and religion are always interesting ____ of conversation.A. ideasB. titlesC. topicsD. questions30. Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was_____. It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest.A. gorgeousB. spaciousC. luxuriousD. bossy31. All things ____, the planned trip will have to be called off.A. consideredB. be consideredC. consideringD. having considered32. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expandingeducation, with girls as well boys____ to go to school.A. to be encouragedB. been encouragedC. being encouragedD. be encouraged33. We booked rooms at the hotel ________we should find no vacancies on our arrival.A. wheneverB. ifC. sinceD. lest34. Techniques for ________sleep would involve learning to control both mind and body sothat sleep can occur.A. cultivatingB. promotingC. pushingD. strengthening35. It is important to ________between the rules of grammar and the conventions of written language.A. determineB. identifyC. exploreD. distinguishIII. Cloze （15×1=15 points）Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding answer on ANSWER SHEET.The kids who grew up on “Star Trek” can’t find ___36___ way around Earth. Americans can___37___direct to England, but only half can find it on a map of Europe. They can fly almost___ 38___in the United States for a few hundred dollars, but they put New York State in 37 placed on both coasts. When they look for the United States__39___ , they spot it in China, Australia, Brazil, the Soviet Union, India and Botswana. For people who are supposed to be leaders of the__40 __world, Americansare ___41 ___ dumb, according to a survey conducted for the National Geographic Society. In many school systems, geography has been mixed with history___42___melted down into social studies. Social studies has been processed into “teacher resource packages” and___43___of good writing, excitement, color and any ideas that aren’t simplistic, too __44___and too deadening to hold students’ attention.In the last few years, evidence of America’s educational__45___has prompted hundreds of studies, generated baskets___46___legislation and moved parents into advocacy groups. But there’s little to show that the trend has been___47___. No matter___48___you try, you can’t make it seem funny that many Americans say pandas come from Panama, the Summer Olympic Games were held in Vietnam or___49___ Iraq, and Columbus was trying to get to Europe when he bumped into ___ 50___.36. A. it’s B. the C. their D. a37. A. write B. fly C. dial D. drive38. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. anytime D. everywhere39. A. itself B. themselves C. for themselves D. by itself40. A. tough B. free C. cruel D. real41. A. geographically B. especially C. somewhat D. extremely42. A. and B. or C. which D. while43. A. dreamed B. consisted C. cheated D. robbed44. A. dark B. bright C. yellow D. gray45. A. priority B. inferiority C. short backs D. controversy第 2 页共8 页46. A. full of B. with C. according to D. out of47. A. stopped B. followed C. reversed D. appreciated48. A. how B. if C. whether D. don’t49. A. may be B. on the contrary C. instead D. maybe50. A. the Pacific B. Spain C. the Atlantic D. AmericaIV. Reading Comprehension （20×1.5=30 points）Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.TEXT AIt is possible for students to obtain advanced degree in English while knowing little or nothing about traditional scholarly methods. The consequences of this neglect of traditional scholarship are particularly unfortunate for the study of women writers. If the canon-the list of authors whose works are most widely taught-is ever to include more women, scholars must be well trained in historical scholarship and textual editing. Scholars who do not know how to read early manuscripts, locate rare books, establish a sequence of editions, and so on are lacking crucial tools for revising the canon.To address such concerns, an experimental version of the traditional scholarly methods course was designed to raise students' consciousness about the usefulness of traditional learning for any modern critic or theorist. To minimize the artificial aspects of the conventional course, the usual procedure of assigning a large number of small problems drawn from the entire range of historical periods was abandoned, though this procedure has the obvious advantage of at least superficially familiarizing students with; a wide range of reference sources. Instead students were engaged in a collective effort to do original work on a neglected eighteenth century writer, Elizabeth Griffith, to give them an authentic experience of literary scholarship and to inspire them to take responsibility for the quality of their own work.Griffith's work presented a number of advantages for this particular pedagogical purpose. First, the body of extant scholarship on Griffith was so tiny that it could be all read in a day, thus students spent little time and effort mastering the literature and had a clear field for their own discoveries. Griffith's play-The Platonic Wife exists in three visions, enough to provide illustrations of editorial issues but not too many for beginning students to manage. In addition, because Griffith was successful in the eighteenth century, as her continued productivity and favorable reviews demonstrate, her exclusion from the canon and virtual disappearance from literary history also helped raise issues concerning the current canon.The range of Griffith's work meant that each student could become the world's leading authority on a particular Griffith text. For example, a student studying Griffith's Wife in the Right obtained a first edition of the play and studied it for some weeks. This student was suitably shocked and outraged to find its title transformed into A Wife in the Night in Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica. Such experiences, inevitable and common in working on a writer to whom so little attention has been paid serve to vaccinate the students-I hope for a lifetime-against credulous use of reference sources.51. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with ______.A. revealing a commonly ignored deficiencyB. proposing a return to traditional methodC. describing an attempt to correct a shortcomingD. assessing the success of a new pedagogical approach52. Which of the following is a disadvantage of the strategy employed in the experimental scholarly methods course?A. Students were not given an opportunity to study women writers outside the canon.B. Students had little background knowledge for further research.C. Most of the students in the course had little opportunity to study 18th century literature.第 3 页共8 页D. Students were not given an opportunity to encounter certain sources of information that could prove useful in their future studies.53. The "particular pedagogical purpose" mentioned in Paragraph 3 is to ______.A. minimize the trivial aspects of the traditional scholarly methods courseB. encourage scholarly rigor in students' own researchC. reestablish Griffith's reputation as an authorD. bridge the gap between the new method and the traditional approach54. It can be inferred that the author expects, that the experience of the student mentioned as having studied Wife in the Right would have the effect that ______.A. it would lead the student to have a clear understanding of the editorsB. it would teach the student to question the accuracy of certain kinds of information sources when studying neglected authorsC. it would teach the student to avoid the use of reference sources in studying neglected authorsD. it would enhance the student's appreciation of the works of authors not include in the canon55. What is the function of the last paragraph in relation to the passage as a whole?A. It summarizes the benefits students can derive from the experimental scholarly methods course.B. It provides additional reasons why Griffith's works raises issues having to do with the canon of authors.C. It provides an illustration of the immediate nature of the experiences students can derive from the experimental scholarly methods course.D. It contrasts the experience of a student in the experimental scholarly methods course with the experience of a student in the traditional course.TEXT BCultural norms so completely surround people, so permeate thought and action that we never recognize the assumptions on which their lives and their sanity rest. As one observer put it, if birds were suddenly endowed with scientific curiosity they might examine many things, but the sky itself would be overlooked as a suitable subject; if fish were to become curious about the world, it would never occur to them to begin by investigating water. For birds and fish would take the sky and sea for granted, unaware of their profound influence because they comprise the medium for every fact. Human beings, in a similarly way, occupy a symbolic universe governed by codes that are unconsciously acquired and automatically employed. So much so that they rarely notice that the ways they interpret and talk about events are distinctively different from the ways people conduct their affairs in other cultures.As long as people remain blind to the sources of their meanings, they are imprisoned within them. These cultural frames of reference are no less confining simply because they cannot be seen or touched. Whether it is an individual neurosis that keeps an individual out of contact with his neighbors, or a collective neurosis that separates neighbors of different cultures, both are forms of blindness that limit what can be experienced and what can be learned from others.It would seem that everywhere people would desire to break out of the boundaries of their own experiential worlds. Their ability to react sensitively to a wider spectrum of events and peoples requires an overcoming of such cultural parochialism. But, in fact, few attain this broader vision. Some, of course, have little opportunity for wider cultural experience, though this condition should change as the movement of people accelerates. Others do not try to widen their experience because they prefer the old and familiar, seek from their affairs only further confirmation of the correctness of their own values. Still others recoil from such experiences because they feel it dangerous to probe too deeply into the personal or cultural unconscious. Exposure may reveal how tenuous and arbitrary many cultural norms are; such exposure might force people to acquire new bases for interpreting events. And even for the many who do seek actively to enlarge the variety of human beings with第 4 页共8 页whom they are capable of communicating there are still difficulties.Cultural myopia persists not merely because of inertia and habit, but chiefly because it is so difficult to overcome. One acquires a personality and a culture in childhood, long before he is capable of comprehending either of them. To survive, each person masters the perceptual orientations, cognitive biases, and communicative habits of his own culture. But once mastered, objective assessment of these same processes is awkward, since the same mechanisms that are being evaluated must be used in making the evaluations.56. The examples of birds and fish are used to ______.A. show that they, too, have their respective culturesB. explain humans occupy a symbolic universe as birds and fish occupy the sky and the seaC. illustrate that human beings are unaware of the cultural codes governing themD. demonstrate the similarity between man, birds, and fish in their ways of thinking57. The term "parochialism" (Line 3, Para. 3) most possibly means ______.A. open-mindednessB. provincialismC. superiorityD. discrimination58. It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that ______.A. everyone would like to widen their cultural scope if they canB. the obstacles to overcoming cultural parochialism lie mainly in people's habit of thinkingC. provided one's brought up in a culture, he may be with bias in making cultural evaluationsD. childhood is an important stage in comprehending culture59. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Individual and collective neurosis might prevent communications with others.B. People in different cultures may be governed by the same cultural norms.C. People's visions will be enlarged if only they knew that cultural differences exist.D. If cultural norms are something tangible, they won't be so confining. 60. The passage might be entitled "______."A. How to Overcome Cultural MyopiaB. Behavioral Patterns and Cultural BackgroundC. Harms of Cultural MyopiaD. Cultural Myopia-A Deep-rooted Collective NeurosisTEXT CA Holy Week procession (Settimana Santa) is an event taking place in Holy Week, most often in a country with traditional Roman Catholic culture. This tradition goes back a long way, to a Christian use in medieval times and in some cases there are testimonies dating back to the XVI century. The Easter period is an incredibly important time in the calendar of this largely Roman Catholic nation, and events are used to mark the occasion throughout Italy. One of the most important of these occurs in Rome on Good Friday, when the Pope leads a procession past the Colosseum and the Roman Forum right up to the ancient Palatine Hill. Then on Easter Sunday the Pontiff holds Mass and gives a blessing to the crowd from the balcony of St Peter's Basilica.Around of the country Italians celebrate the Easter period with processions and plays depicting Christ's final hours. Easter feasts are also a part of Italian celebrations; typical fare includes spring lambs and lots of sweet bread, cakes and special chocolates.In today's world where the festivals can often be taken for granted as just a great party, it is the novena, and the other religious aspects that keep the true link to the past alive. Our secular society is often at odds with the value systems that brought about these religious festivals and yet it seems that the younger generations still enjoy participating. The older generations often lament the loss of faith in the young people and wonder how religious festivals can survive without losing their soul. However, the fact is nothing in human culture is static and every generation celebrates in their own way, often against the wishes of the elders. Some of the larger festivals have become annual tourist attractions, bringing in needed revenue to the old Italian American communities that hold the events and often第 5 页共8 页benefiting the city as a whole.61. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. This procession has a long history.B. The procession has wide influence.C. The procession occurs in countries with traditional Roman Catholic culture only.D. The procession may originate from 16th century.62. Which of the following is the activity held in Easter period?A. ProcessionsB. PlaysC. FeastsD. All of the above.63. The author's attitude towards the modern secular society is ______.A. CommendatoryB. objectiveC. incredulityD. absurd64. Which of the following is true?A. Nowadays the festivals are purely commercial.B. Young people enjoy the festivals because they are religious.C. The older generations are worried about the death of these festivals.D. The older generations are concerned about the change of these festivals.TEXT DParkour is a physical activity that is difficult to categorize. It is not an extreme sport, but an art or discipline that resembles self-defense in the martial arts. According to David Belle, "the physical aspect of parkour is getting over all the obstacles in your path as you would in an emergency. You want to move in such a way, with any movement, as to help you gain the most ground on someone or something, whether escaping from it or chasing toward it.① Thus, when faced with a hostile confrontation with a person, one will be able to speak, fight, or flee. As martial arts are a form of training for the fight, parkour is a form of training for the flight. Because of its unique nature, it is often said that parkour is in its own category: "Parkour is parkour."An important characteristic of parkour is efficiency. Practitioners move not only as fast as they can, but also in the least energy-consuming and most direct way possible. This characteristic distinguishes it from the similar practice of free running, which places more emphasis on freedom of movements, such as acrobatics. Efficiency also involves avoiding injuries, short and long-term, part of why parkour's unofficial motto is tre et durer (to be and to last).Tracers claim that parkour also influences one's thought process by enhancing critical thinking skills that allow one to overcome everyday physical and mental obstacles.There are fewer predefined movements in parkour than gymnastics, as it does not have a list of appropriate "moves." Each obstacle a tracer faces presents a unique challenge on how they can overcome it effectively, which depends on their body type, speed and angle of approach, the physical make-up of the obstacle, etc. Parkour is about training the body mind to react to those obstacles appropriately with a technique that works. Often that technique cannot and need not be classified and given a name. In many cases effective parkour techniques depend on fast redistribution of body weight and the use of momentum to perform seemingly impossible or difficult body maneuvers at speed. Absorption and redistribution of energy is also an important factor, such as body rolls when landing which reduce impact forces on the legs and spine, allowing a tracer to jump from greater heights than those often considered sensible in other forms of acrobatics and gymnastics.There are many basic techniques that are emphasized to beginners for their versatility and effectiveness. Most important are good jumping and landing techniques. The roll, used to limit impact after a drop and to carry one's momentum onward, is often stressed as the most important technique to learn. Many tracers develop joint problems from too many large drops and rolling incorrectly. Due to large drops parkour has sometimes received criticism for its questionable safety. Several communities in Great Britain have been warned by law enforcement or fire and rescue of the potential dangers of parkour. Although David Belle has never been seriously injured while practicing parkour, there is no careful study about the health issues of large drops and tracers stress gradual progression to avoid any problems.第 6 页共8 页65. Parkour participators ______.A. aim to exploit their potential strengthB. move the longest distance they can endureC. practice prescriptive movementsD. choose different paths to the terminals by themselves66. According to the passage," critical thinking skills" (Line 1, Para. 3) refers to skills of __A. judging and giving comments on somethingB. decisive thinkingC. conquering crisisD. finding out essentials67. Which of the following is NOT a determinant to the effectiveness of parkour?A. Participator's figure.B. Participator's relative location to the obstacle.C. Participator's reaction to the obstacle.D. Participator's experience of parkour.68. The following are parkour techniques EXCEPT ______.A. reducing energy waste during the processB. making poses while moving at speedC. fighting against someone blocking the pathD. preventing oneself from being injured or hurt69. What can we learn from the passage?A. Participators believe long-term effective practice can help avoid injuries.B. Beginners should train their endurance above all.C. To parkour participators, speed is much more important than safety.D. Large drops is the most difficult techniques of parkour.70. Which of the following activities is mostly close to parkour?A. Jogging.B. Obstacle race.C. Gymnastics.D. Acrobatic performanceVI. Translation （20 points）Section A: （5×2=10 points）Directions:Put the following into English.71. 认为太阳绕着地球转的观点统治了古代学术界达一千多年。

Part I. Fill in the blanks below with the right word in brackets, change the form where necessary. (20%)1. The whole region was struck by an (economic, economical) disaster.2. We must pursue this matter (farther, further).3. The state attorney said that the man would be (persecuted,prosecuted).4. Jill is the girl (who/whom) I think went up the hill.5. The Red Cross will accept (whomever/whoever) volunteers.6. The trees stand nearly barren; their leaves (lay/lie) on theground.7. It is important that he (finds/find) a suitable job.8. Chinese food is (indescribable/indescribably) delicious.9. He is unhappy with an (occasional/occasionally)buzzing sound in the new piano.10. Walk (steady/steadily) along the edge of the wall.11. The young Mozart had a (terrible/terribly) precociousimagination.12. The sky turned (dark/darkly) in the afternoon.13. Sixty hours the amount of work time I contracted for. (be)14. Corn bread and milk a popular breakfast in the rural South. (be)15. He believe that athletics school morale.(improve)16. He is one of the students who to attend the speech contest.(plan)17. Each of the candidates for the position exceptionally highqualifications. (have)18. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella’s eyebrows . (raise,rise)19. Put the determiners in the brackets in the proper order._______________________years ( the, few, all, last)20. Arrange the adjectives in the brackets correctly_____________________________diamonds (large, lovely, round, shining)Part II. Note-Writing (20%)Write a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:Last night you had to attend a class meeting, but for personal reasons you cannot. Write a short note of apology to your class monitor, Tom..Part III. Write a précis for the following passage. (60%)I don’t know why so many people have it in for Microsoft. Jealousy, I guess. After all, it’s not many people who can persuade you buy something that’s not working properly, and then charge you in advance for something that may or may not be better.Many of you probably know that July 31 was the final deadline for Microsoft’s volume customers to pay for the company’s new subscription-based way of selling software. I won’t bore you with the details of the new licensing program, called Licensing 6.0. It’ll be enough just to say it has forced companies and governments all over the world to rethink their software budgets and whether they can truly afford to keep buying Microsoft server, operating-system and office-suite software. Or, more to their terror, whether they can afford not to.The fact is like this: Software manufacturers rely on selling new versions of their programs to get revenue. But this is unpredictable: How can you be sure everyone is going to Office 97 suite, for example, meaning they not only avoided the Office2000 upgrade, but also Office XP.In software terms, they’re like those annoying tribes that people keep discovering. These tribes seem happy and content wandering around in bits of clothes made of leaves, and drinking their simple but strong tree-sap wine, carefully ignorant of the benefits of air-conditioning , cable TV , etc.So Microsoft’s come up with a novel solution that ensures that these slow-mover—the Office 97 users, not the annoying tribes, -- buy upgrades. This guarantees the company’s revenues to remain nice and steady.Under these new licensing rules, a volume customer is encouraged to subscribe to software, rather than purchasing it immediately. On the plus side he’ll get all the fixes, support, and new versions that come out during the subscription period, as well as being able to spread out his costs. On the downside he won’t actually own the software he’s been using, and won’t be guaranteed an updated version unless it comes out during the subscription period. This program, ironically, is called Software Assurance, which not only sounds like something from persistent salesmen, but also seems to be a misused name, due to the lack of assurance it offers.Unsurprisingly, here’re some serious complaints going on, which has forced Microsoft to extend the deadline twice. Governments, with strict software budgets, are actively looking elsewhere. Peru is contemplating a law requiring all public institutions to switch to software that can be adapted and rewritten freely without copyright restriction. And Norway last month allowed its contracts with Microsoft to expire, opening the door for cheaper alternatives.What should you do? Personally, I’d prefer leaf skirts: there’s no compelling reason to upgrade to Office 2000 or XP. The added features you’re paying for with each upgrade are rarely must-have items; in most cases they’re either decorative or actually making using the software harder. In nearly all cases they’re rarely used andwhen they are they just bring trouble. When I tried to make use of a feature which supposedly allowed me to update text simultaneously across documents, everything ended up looking like the morning after a student party I once attended in a farmyard.I spent hours converting the fancy new formulas to plain old text. Indeed, with about half of users still happy with Office 97, you’d better save your Word documents in the older format just in case another user can’t read your file properly.If you want to save money, consider dropping Microsoft altogether. There are alternatives to Office: StarOffice, from Sun Microsystems is into its sixth version and sells for $80, or 20% of Microsoft Office. Better yet, Software602 Inc. offers an office package for free with an optional add-on for $30. another option: gobeProductive, $75 from GoBe Software Inc.For Microsoft, stuck with competition from earlier release of its own products, all this argument makes sense. For the rest of us? Stick with software that you’re happy with as long as you can. And meanwhile, enjoy your tree-sap wine.基础英语写作参考答案Part I (1*20=20%)1.economic2. further3. prosecuted4. who5. whoever6. lie7. stand8. indescribably9. occasional 10. steadily 11. terribly 12. dark 13. is 14. is 15. improves 16. plan17. has 18. raised 19. all the last few 20. lovely shining large round Part II Note-writing (20%)I.格式: (占3分)包括日期、称呼、和结尾三部分，各占1分。

上海海洋大学博士入学考试题适用专业：各专业考试科目：101基础英语Part I Listening Comprehension(15％)Section A(每小题0.5分，共5分)Directions：In this section，you will hear 1 0 short conversations．At the end of each conversation aquestion will be asked about what was said．Each conversation and question will be spoken only once．After each question there will be a pause．During the pause，you must read the four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D，and decide which is the best answer．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center．1．A．She missed her friends．B．She likes looking better．C．She has a lot of work to make up．D．She thinks she’s catching another cold．2．A．The lady smells well．B．Windows are open．C．The vacation has been too long．D．The lady smells something musty．3．A．The price of gas．B．The cost of repairing cars．C．The increasing number of cars．D．The poor quality of certain cars．4．A．By car．B．By plane．C．By ship．D．By train．5．A．He wants vanilla ice cream．B．He didn’t like any ice cream．C．He wanted chocolate ice cream．D. He didn’t want any ice cream now6．A．Jane talks to people only on the phone。