当前位置:文档之家› 句型讲义

句型讲义

句型讲义
句型讲义

第一节陈述句

一.陈述句概念:

陈述句是用来陈述事实和观点的句子。陈述句包含肯定结构和否定结构,句末用句号。如:It is a desk. (肯定结构)It isn’t a desk. (否定结构)

二.肯定句变否定句的方法:

1.be动词的否定式:be+not

be动词包括am, is, are:(主语是I,用am;主语是三单,用is;其他用are)

I am a student. I am not a student.

He is reading. He isn’t reading.

We are students. We aren’t students.

2.情态动词(can , must )的否定: 情态动词+not+动词原形

He can swim. He can not (can’t) swim.

You must play football here. You must not (mustn’t) play football here.

3.实义动词的否定:do/does+not+动词原形

实义动词能指代具体意思,可以单独作谓语。

变否定时,要借用助动词do, does(主语是第三人称单数):do/does+not+动词原形

I like music. I do not (don’t) like music.

She does her homework at home. She doesn’t do her homework at home.

注意:助动词后加动词原形。如:

误:Li Lei doesn’t likes sports.

正:Li Lei doesn’t like sports.

陈述句练习

一.将下列句子变为否定句,每空一词。

1.This is a desk. This a desk.

2.Grandpa tells stories to us every evening.

Grandpa stories to us every evening.

3.He can draw pictures. He draw pictures.

4.You must play football here. You play football here.

5.Peter goes to the zoo once a year.

Peter to the zoo once a year.

第二节疑问句

一.疑问句的概念及类型:

概念:疑问句是勇于提出疑问的句子,以问号结尾。

类型:有四种,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

二.一般疑问句

1.由动词be构成的疑问句:将动词be的适当形式置于句首,其肯定回答用Yes,...,否定回答用No,...。

They are working hard. Are they working hard? Yes, they are. /No, they aren’t.

She is right. Is she right? Yes, she is. /No, she isn’t.

2.由一般实义动词构成的疑问句,通常根据不同时态和人称在句首加do, does如:

I often go to school on foot. Do you often go to school on foot?

Y es, I do. / No, I don’t.

Mike likes swimming. Does Mike like swimming? Y es, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

3.含情态动词(may,can, must)的一般疑问句,直接将情态动词置于句首。如:

I can sing English songs. Can you sing English songs?

Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.

三.特殊疑问句

特殊疑问句:是由疑问词提问的句子。基本结构是“疑问词+一般疑问句”。疑问词包括疑问代词(what, which, who, whose)和疑问副词(when, where, why, how)。常见的疑问词及其提问方式有:

1. What (什么) This is an apple. What’s this?

2. Which(哪一个) The girl in a hat is Lucy. Which girl is Lucy?

3. Who(谁) This is my mother. Who is this?

4. How(怎样) Jim goes to school by bus. How does Jim go to school?

5. When(什么时候,询问时间)

I go to school at 7:30 every morning. When do you go to school?

6.What time(几点,就具体时间提问)

We will meet at three o’clock. What time will you meet?

7.What color(什么颜色)

My coat is pink. What color is your coat?

8.How often(多久一次,表频率)

Bob watches TV once a week. How often does Bob watch TV?

9.How much(多少,询问价格)

This book is 50 yuan. How much is the book?

How much + 不可数名词,表示“多少......”

There is two kilos of milk in the fridge.

How much milk is there in the fridge

10.How many(多少,询问可数名次的数量)

There are four people in my family.

How many people are there in your family?

11.How old(多大年龄)

Jim is eleven years old. How old is Jim?

12.How long(多久,询问一段时间)

He stayed there for there years. How long did he stay here?

13.How soon(表示一段时间,与一般将来时连用)

I will be back in a week. How soon will you be back?

注意:要先判断清楚是就什么提问,再选择相应的疑问词。注意保持句型转换前后时态的一

致。

疑问句练习

一.将下列句子改为一般疑问句。

1.He took many photos in front of the Summer Palace.

he many photos in front of the Summer Palace?

2.The earth moves around the sun.

the earth around the sun?

3.Lucy looks like Lily. Lucy like Lily?

4.Jim can help you with your English.

Jim me with my English?

5.Lucy and Lily come from America.

Lucy and Lily from America?

6.Dave often goes to work by bus.

Dave often to work by bus?

7.I had a good time at the party last night.

you a good time at the party last night?

8.This is a nice watch. This a nice watch?

9.I’m going to the zoo this Saturday.

you to the zoo this Saturday?

10.I do my homework at eight every evening.

you your homework at eight every evening?

二.单项选择。

( ) 1. Did you a letter to me last week?

A. write

B. writes

C. writing

D. wrote

( ) 2. Which hat will you buy, this one that one?

A. and

B. so

C. but

D. or

( ) 3. do you get up every day?

At six.

A. How

B. When

C. What

D. Which

( ) 4. every student like to read the book?

A. Is

B. Does

C. Are

D. Do

( ) 5. do you do sports?

Once a week.

A. How often

B. Hoe soon

C. How

D. How long ( ) 6. ?

Eight yuan a kilo.

A. How much do you want

B. How many do you want

C. How much is the chicken

D. Can I help you

( ) 7. How many would you like?

A. orange

B. bottle of orange

C. bottles of orange

D. a bottle of orange

( ) 8. Is Peter at school?

.

A. Yes, she is.

B. No, he is.

C. Yes, he is.

D. No, she is. ( ) 9. do you want to ?

Peter.

A. When, write

B. Who, write to

C. What, to

D. How, write ( ) 10. Is there an apple on the table?

.

A. Yes, there is.

B. Yes, they are.

C. Yes, it is.

D. No, there aren’t.

三.句型转换。

1.The children like games. (改为一般疑问句)

the children games?

2.My father is a doctor. (就画线部分提问)

your father ?

3.I am eleven years old. (改为特殊疑问句)

are you ?

4.I will be back in an hour. (改为特殊疑问句)

will you be back?

5.Jim gets up at half past six every day. (改为特殊疑问句)

Jim get up every day?

6.Jim goes to school by bike. (改为特殊疑问句)

Jim to school?

7.The man in a blue coat is my father. (改为特殊疑问句)

man is your father?

8.There are seventy students in our class. (改为特殊疑问句)

are there in your class?

9.Do they often wash clothes together? (做肯定回答)

, .

10.Does Li Hui often phone his friends? (做否定回答)

, .

四.根据实际情况回答问题。

1.What’s your name?

2.How old are you?

3.Where are you from?

4.Which grade are you in?

5.Which class are you in?

6.What does your father do?

7.What does your mother do?

8.How many people are there in your family?

9.Do you like English?

10.What’s your favourite subject?

11.Are you a good child?

第三节祈使句

一.祈使句的概念:

祈使句是表示请求,命令,劝告,祝愿或建议的句子。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称,但往往省去不用。如:

Come this way, madam. 这边走,夫人。

Please be quilt! 请安静!

Let me help you. 让我来帮你吧!

Let’s go to the zoo. 让我们去动物园吧!

Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。

二.祈使句的结构

1.祈使句的谓语总是用动词原形, 结构为“动词原形+宾语+其他”。如:

Be careful ! 当心!

Have a good trip ! 旅行愉快!

Go out at once ! 马上出去!

有时为了加强语气,可在动词前加do. 如:

Do be careful ! 务必小心!

Do come in time . 务必准时到!

2.祈使句的否定式:“Don't + 动词原形+ 其他”。如:

Don’t laugh at me . 不要笑我。

Don’t be late again . 别再迟到了。

三.祈使句的用法

1.为了使语气委婉,常将祈使句与please连用,please可位于句首(其后通常不用逗号),或句末(其前通常用逗号)。如:

Please be seated ! 请坐好!Sit down , please ! 请坐。

Wait a moment , please ! 请稍等。

2.以let开头的祈使句。如:

Let me have a rest . 让我休息一下吧!

Let’s go out for a walk . 我们去外面散步吧!

3.祈使句的反意疑问句,通常用will you, won’t you反问。如:

Turn off the TV, will you ? 把电视关掉,好吗?

Let me in , will you ? 让我进来,好吗?

以let开头的祈使句,分两种情况:

(1)表示“请求”时,用will you. 如:

Let me help you , will you ? 让我帮你,好吗?

Let us know your address , will you ? 把地址告诉我们,好吗?

(2)表示“建议”时,用shall we .如:

Let’s go swimming together , shall we ? 我们一起去游泳,好吗?

Let’s stop to have a rest , shall we ? 我们停下来休息一下,好吗?

祈使句练习

一.将下列祈使句改为否定句。

1.Look out of the window.

2.Ask him.

3.Please wait for her.

4.Please smoke here.

5.Spit everywhere.

6.Open the window.

7.Be late for school.

8.Sit under the tree, please.

二.单项选择。

( ) 1. If you are tired, a rest.

A.have

B. having

C. to have

D. had

( ) 2. me go. It’s very important for me.

A. Do let

B. Let do

C. Doing let

D. To do let

( ) 3. He is not honest(诚实),believe him.

A.not

B. don’t

C.to not

D. not to

( ) 4. If you want to stay, let me know, ?

A. will you

B. shall we

C. do you

D. do we

( ) 5. in the street. It’s dangerous.

A. Not play

B. Not to play

C. Don’t play

D. Don’t to play

( ) 6. The film is going to begin. Please seated.

A. be

B. are

C. is

D. being

( ) 7. the boxes. You may use them later.

A. Keep

B. Keeping

C. To keep

D. Kept

( ) 8. Please me some money, will you ?

A . lend B. lending C. to lend D. be lend

( ) 9. Let’s go to the movies together, ?

A. shall we

B. will you

C. don’t you

D. do you

( ) 10. Let us help you, ?

A. shall we

B. will you

C. don’t you

D. do you

第四节感叹句

一.感叹句的概念

感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号,读时一般用降调。如:

how nice!多好(看)呀!

How well you look!你气色真好!

What a nice day!多好的天气啊!

What fine weather !多好的天气啊!

How hard they are working !他们工作的真起劲啊!

二.感叹句的集中常见形式

1.what引起的感叹句,其基本结构what+a(an)+adj+n(单数)+主语+谓语。如:

What a clever boy he is !他是一个多么聪明的孩子啊!

What an interesting book it is !这是一本多么有趣的书啊!

注意:若其中的名词为复数或不可数名词,则不用不定冠词。如:

What clever boys they are!他们是多么聪明的孩子啊!

What beautiful flowers the are!这些花多么漂亮啊!

What bad news it is !这是多糟糕的消息啊!(news 为不可数名词)

What great fun!(fun 为不可数名词)

另外,感叹句中的主语和谓语有时候可以省略。如:

What a fine day (it is) !多好的天气啊!

What beautiful flowers (the are)!这些花多么漂亮啊!

2.由how 引出的感叹句,其基本结构是how +形容词或副词+主语+谓语。如:

How tall the man is !这个人真高!

How nice the watch is !这表真好看!

How slowly he drives !他开得真慢!

How beautiful the girl looks !这位姑娘看上去真漂亮!

有时句中的主语和谓语可以省略。如:

How fast!真快啊!

How beautiful !多漂亮啊!

How slowly! 多慢啊!

3.感叹句除了可由what和how引导外,还可有许多其他形式,如可用陈述句、疑问句、祈使句,有时甚至一个单词或一个短语也可以用作感叹句。如:

Stop talking ! 不要讲话了!

Fire !失火了!

Very good !很好!

Isn’t it a lovely day!天气真好!

典型例题

例1单项选择:loudly he talking!

A what

B how

剖析:loudly 是副词,how是修饰副词,故选B

答案B

例2:单项选择:what weather!

A a fine

B fine

剖析:weather是不可数名词,故前面不能加定冠词a.

答案B

例3:单项选择:good the boy is!

A What a

B how

剖析:good在该句中是形容词,how修饰形容词,故选B.

答案B

例4:单项选择:how a clever boy he is !

A B C D

剖析:clever是形容词,但此处它是用于修饰名词boy,而不是单独用作表语,这里应该用what修饰名词boy。

答案A How 改为What

感叹句练习

一.单项选择。

()1. bad weather it is!

A What

B What a

C How

D How a

()2. high he jumps!

A what

B how

C how a

D what a

()3. Carefully he crosses the road!

A what

B How

C How a

D What a

()4. beautiful the flowers are!

A How

B what

C What a

D How a

()5. big dog it is !

A what

B How a

C How

D What a

()6. tall building it is!

A How

B what

C What a

D How a

()7. slowly the tortoise runs!

A what

B What a

C How

D How a

()8. salt the egg is!

A How

B How a

C What a

D what ()9. Friendly the Chinese people are!

A How

B What

C What a

D How a ()10. Fast the fan turns!

A How

B What

C What a

D How a 二.下列各题都有一处错误,请找出来并改正。

1.How a useful book it is! ( )

A B C D

2.What tall the building is! ( )

A B C D

3.What great the man is! ( )

A B C D

4.How a nice girl she is ! ( )

A B C D

5.What clever the monkey is! ( )

A B C D

三.根据所给句子填空,使句子变为相应的感叹句。

1.The old man walked very slow .

the old man walked!

2.The film is very wonderful.

the film is!

3.Our school looks very beautiful in spring.

our school looks in spring!

4.It is a useful dictionary.

dictionary it is!

dictionary is!

5.The students are listening very much!

the students are listening!

四.根据句意用what 、what a(an)、how填空。

1. carefully the boy does his homework!

2. well you sing but badly he dance!

3. delicious your supper is !

4. interesting book it is ! I like it very much.

5. interesting work it is!

6. sunny weather we are having these days!

7. cheap these clothes are!

8. difficult question they are!

第五节存在句

一.存在句的概念

存在句就是我们常说的‘There be....’句型。‘There be....’句型指某物存在于特定的位置上。‘There be....’中的be因名词形式的不同而不同,there is 和单数名词和不可数名词连用,there are 与复数名词连用。如:

There is a book on the desk .桌上有本书。

There is an map on the wall.桌上有张地图。

There is an egg in the bowl.碗里有个鸡蛋。

There are some flowers in the vase.花瓶里有些花。

二.存在句的结构

1.存在句的肯定式结构

There +be (is/are)+n.+地点(there无实意)

其中be 动词,根据名词形式的不同而变化,is 与单数名词、不可数名词连用;are与复数名词连用。如:

There is a glass of milk on the table .住上有杯牛奶

There is an apple in my hand.我手里有一个苹果.

There is some milk in the glass.杯子里有一些牛奶。(milk为不可数名词)

2.存在句的一般疑问句结构

‘There be....’结构一般疑问句结构,将be动词或者is或are放在there之前。比如:

Is there a glass of milk on the table?

肯定回答:yes ,there is .否定回答:no there isn’t.

Is there any milk in the glass ?

肯定回答:yes ,there is 否定回答:no there isn’t.

3.存在句的否定式结构

‘There be....’句型的否定式结构直接在be动词之后加not。如:

There is not (isn’t) a ruler in my pencil-case.我的铅笔盒里面没有尺子。

There are not (aren’t) any flowers in the vase.花瓶里没有花。

三.There be 与have、has的区别

There be表示某地有某物或者某人,have、has做’有’讲,强调所属关系,含有拥有之意。如:

There is a car on the road 。公路上有一辆车。

I have a car.我有一辆车。

There are three grades in our school.我们学校有三个年级。

Our school has three grades.

Has用于第三人称单数。如:

He has a tv.他有一台电视机。

She has a radio.她有一台收音机。

四.Some和any的用法

Any通常用于疑问句和否定句,some用于肯定句、肯定回答及提出要求的句式,用于提出要求的句型中表示期待对方做出肯定回答。如:

Is there any milk in the glass?(用于一般疑问句中)

There isn’t any tea in the cup.(用于否定句中)

There is some water in the bottle.(用于肯定句中)

There are some apples in the basket.(用于肯定句中)

典型例题

例1单项选择:There a book ,a pen and some pencils on the desk.

A is

B are

C be

D being

剖析:当there be.... 句型中的名词委两个或两个以上的名词时,be动词的形式与接近它的第一个名词保持一致,故选A

答案:A

例2单项选择:There some pencils, a book and a pen on the desk.

A is

B are

C be

D being

剖析:此时的be动词与接近它的some pencils保持一致。

答案:B

例3单项选择:There some orange juice in the bottle.

A is

B are

C be

D am

剖析:该句中orange juice为不可数名词,故be动词应用is。

答案:A

例4单项选择:Our country too many people.

A have

B has

C there is

D there are

剖析:该句是考查have/has与there be 的区别,此句是要表明我国人口的特点,应用has表示有的含义。

答案:B

存在句练习

一.单项选择。

()1.There some water in the bottle.

A is

B are

C have

D be

()2.There many tomatoes, but there a potato.

A are, is

B is, are

C aren’t , is

D aren’t , isn’t

()2.There on the desk.

A a pencil

B two books

C five apples

D a water

()3.There a pencil-case and many pencils in Zoom’s bag.

A is Bare C have D be

()4.There are a lot of in the frige.

A meat

B chicken

C eggs

D milk

()5.There many new words in lesson two.

A is

B are

C be

D will be ()6. There a zoo in your city?

A is

B be

C are

D Were

()7.how many rabbits there ?

A is

B have

C are

D be

()8.There some keys and a key ring in his case.

A have

B is

C are

D be

()9.There some good news in today’s newspaper.

A is

B are

C be

D have

二.翻译下列句子。

1.我家门前有条河。

a river in front of my house.

2.河里有只猫。

There a boat the river.

3.他的口袋里有些钱。

There some money his pocket.

4.你要喝一些水吗?

Would you like water?

5.你有一些鸡蛋吗?

you eggs ?

三.按要求进行句型转换。

1.There is a salt shaker on the table .(改为一般疑问句)

A salt shaker on the table ?

2.There are some plates on the table (改为一般疑问句)

There plates on the table?

3.Are there any vegetables in the bowl?(做出肯定回答)Yes

4.Are there any keys in the drawer?(做出否定回答)

No

5.There are some books on the desk.(改为否定句)

There books on the desk.

(完整版)英语的五大基本句型

英语的五大基本句型 同一个词类可以在句中充当不同的成分,同一个句子成分也可以由不同的词类来担任。 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有六种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)和状语(adverbial)。 英语句子成分中,有些具有形态标志。如第一人称代词作主语就用主格“I”,作宾语用宾格“me”,作定语用所有格“my”。这些形态变化对分析辨认成分很有帮助。 汉语与英语就句子成分表面上看来差不多,实际上有不少差别。例如: Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home. 小李回家后, 立刻就睡觉了。 I'll go when I have had my dinner. 我吃了饭就去。 在英语中,同一个主语在第二次出现时不能省略,必须把每个谓语所陈述的对象都表示出来。而在汉语中,同一个主语在句中第二次出现时,就可以省略。如例(1)中,汉语说“小李回家后立刻就睡觉了”,省去了第二个分句的主语,倒可以避免造成误解。若将第二次出现的主语补出来,说成“小李回家后,他立刻就睡觉了”。听的人反而可能把那个“他”误会成另一个人。 把句子的各个成分搞清楚,也就是把句子各部分的关系搞清楚。做到这一点,才可以准确地理解句子的意思或造出结构正确、意思明白的句子。有一点要注意,在分析句子结构时,应该抓住主要成分。我们分析句子结构,划分句子成分无非是为了理解,或者是为了造句。各种语言有各自的规则、各自的习惯,而且语言是很灵活的东西,发展过程也很复杂,很难把语法的现象都做出明确、统一的解释来。在使用一种语言时,语法应让位于习惯。符合习惯的,有时尽管不符合语法,也是正确的。 英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 基本句型一:S+V(主+谓) 基本句型二:S+V+P(主+谓+表) 基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾) 基本句型四:S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 基本句型五:S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S+V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains. 4. We all │breathe,eat, and dri

最新英语五大基本句型

Five basic sentence patterns 五大基本句型 一.五大基本句型: 1. I do. S+V(主语+谓语动词) 2. You are beautiful/handsome. S + V + C(主语+ 动词+ 主语补足语)即“主系表” 3. I love you. S+V+O(主语+ 谓语+ 宾语) 4. You make me happy. S+V+O+C(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语) 5. I will give you a kiss. S+V+O+O(主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+宾语) 二.具体讲解 1. 基本句型一:S十V主谓结构 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词:appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise等 如:学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________ 2. 基本句型二: S十V十C主系表结构 常见的系动词有:①be动词(是); ②感官动词: look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), ;taste(尝起来), sound(听起来); ③表示状态的: seem(似乎), appear(似乎,好像), keep(保持), remain(仍是), stay(继续处于...状态)等等。 ④表示转变或结果的: get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得),go(变成), grow(渐渐变得), fall(变得), prove(证明) 1)我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。We should __________ __________ any time. 2)这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_________________________________________________. 3) 春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。Spring comes. It is ______________________________. 4) 不要吃那种食物,它已经变质了。Don't have the food. _______________________________. 3. 基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构 1)我昨天看了一部电影。________________________________________________. 2)这些孩子他们照看得很好。They have ________ ________ _________ of the children.4. 基本句型四: S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构 1)昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。 Yesterday her father _______________ ________ _____ ____________ as a birthday present. 2) The old man ___ ______ ____ ________ ________ in the Long March.(正在给孩子们讲故事) 注意:这种句型还可转换为:S + V +直接宾语“物”+for/ to sb. + 间接宾语“人” 1)请把你的画给我看一下。 Please show me your picture. ==Please _________ ________ __________ _____ _____.

小学英语基本句型汇总一、二年级)

小学英语基本句型汇总(一、二年级) 1、摸一下你的鼻子。Touch your nose. 2、让我们唱歌吧。Let's sing. 3、睁开你的眼睛。Open your eyes. 4、张开你的嘴。Open your mouth. 5、读书。Read book. 6、点下头,说是的。Nod your head and say "Yes". 7、摇摇头,说不。Shake your head. Say "No". 8、挥挥手。Wave your hand. 9、拍拍手。Clap your hands. 10、你高兴吗?Are you happy? 11、是的,我很高兴。Yes, I'm happy. 12、是的,我们很高兴。Yes, we are happy! 13、看看我的小兔子。Look at my little rabbit. 14、哦,它太可爱了。Oh, It's so cute! 15、我有一只小兔子。I have a little rabbit. 16、你有什么?What do you have? 17、我有一只小白兔。I have a little white rabbit. 18、猴子有一条长尾巴。The monkey has a long tail. 19、兔子有一对长耳朵。The rabbit has long ears. 20、我喜欢小熊,你呢?I like the little bear. What about you? 21、我也喜欢小熊。I like the little bear, too. 22、我喜欢大象。I like the elephant.

五种基本句型讲解与练习

英语五中基本句型

句子的基本句型 由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分,按不同方式可组合成五种基本句型。 句子成分的表示方法: S: Subject主语; V: Verb动词; O: Object宾语; P: Predicative表语; IO: Indirect Object间接宾语; DO:Direct Object 直接宾语 OC: Object Complement宾语补足语; ◇第一种句型:主语+不及物动词(S+V) 该句型所用动词都是不及物动词,其后当然不能接宾语,但是可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。 He runs fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。 The meeting begins at nine.

会议九点开始。 ◇第二种句型:主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+DO) 该句型所用动词都是及物动词,可作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词或短语及从句。We attended the meeting. 我们出席了那次会议。(名词作宾语) She stopped him. 她叫住了他。(代词作宾语) She wants to ask a question. 她要问一个问题。(不定式作宾语) They enjoy listening to the classic music. 他们喜欢听古典音乐。(动名词作宾语) 注意:一些不及物动词之后加上介词就可以具有及物动词的功能,其后就可以接宾语了。这一类词组有:listen to 听;look at 看;look after 照看;look for 寻找;arrive at/in 到达等。 May I turn on the light? 我可以开灯吗? What are you looking for? 你在找什么? ◇第三种句型:主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) 连系动词的后面必须接表语,说明主语的情况和状态。通常可作表语的是名词或形容词。She became a lawyer last year. 去年,她成为了一名律师。 He is honest. 他是诚实的。 It is getting colder and colder.

英语五种基本句型

英语五种基本句型 列式如下: 基本句型一:S+V(主+谓) 基本句型二:S+V+P(主+系+表) 基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾) 基本句型四:S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 基本句型五:S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补) 请判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型? 1)I am a student. 2)His face turns red. 3)We went to the movies yesterday. 4)She is watching TV now. 5)He is going camping next week. 6)We must keep the room clean. 7)You could give him a ticket of the match. 8)We will go there in three days. 句子 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分,包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 主语The Subject (S.) 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”,一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。主语一般在句首。 1. Gina is from Australia. 2. Lucy is an American girl. 3. She often goes to the movies. 4. We study in No.1 Middle School. 5. The classroom is very clean. 6. Three plus five equals eight. 7.To teach them English is my job. →It is my job to teach them English. 名词Noun(n.) 我们身边存在着形形色色的人和物,它们都有自己的称呼,我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词。概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词都叫名词。如: Tom, China, boy, door, pencil, peace 代词Pronoun(pron.) 代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。用来代替名词、形容词或数词。 如:we, that, his, what 1.人称代词 2.物主代词

中考英语 英语基本句型归纳(1)

英语句型归纳 1. be doing/ be about to do/be on the point of doing/had done…, when…(when:这时,强调一个动作的突然发生) 1) I was walking along the river, when I heard a drowning boy cry for help. 2) I was about to leave when it began to rain. 3) I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over. 2. It was(not) +时间段+before +一般过去时“过了一段时间就……” It will(not) be+时间段+before +一般现在时“要过一段时间才会……” It is/ has been +时间段+ since… It was+点时间+ when… It was+时间状语+ that…(强调句) 1) It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position. 不久他就意识到他处境危险。(动作已发生) 2) It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 还有半年你才从这个学校毕业。(动作未发生) 3) It is 3 years since he worked here. = he left here.(since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词,要从这个动作结束的时候算起) 4) It was 3 o’clock when they received the telephone. 5) It was at 3 o’clock that they received the telephone. 3. once… 一旦……,表示时间和条件 1) Once you start, you will never give up. 2) Once you understand what the teacher explained, you will have no difficulty doing the work. 4. the +比较级……,the +比较级……“越……越……” The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get. 5. whether…or…无论是……还是…… 1) Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned. 2) Any person, whether young or old, has his own worth. 6. 祈使句+or/otherwise +结果句或祈使句+ and +结果句

1五种基本句型讲解与练习

英语五中基本句型 句子的基本句型 由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分,按不同方式可组合成五种基本句型。 句子成分的表示方法: S: Subject主语; V: Verb动词; O: Object宾语; P: Predicative表语; IO: Indirect Object间接宾语; DO:Direct Object 直接宾语 。

OC: Object Complement宾语补足语; ◇第一种句型:主语+不及物动词(S+V) 该句型所用动词都是不及物动词,其后当然不能接宾语,但是可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。 He runs fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。 The meeting begins at nine. 会议九点开始。 ◇第二种句型:主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+DO) 该句型所用动词都是及物动词,可作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词或短语及从句。We attended the meeting. 我们出席了那次会议。(名词作宾语) She stopped him. 她叫住了他。(代词作宾语) She wants to ask a question. 她要问一个问题。(不定式作宾语) They enjoy listening to the classic music. 他们喜欢听古典音乐。(动名词作宾语) 注意:一些不及物动词之后加上介词就可以具有及物动词的功能,其后就可以接宾语了。这一类词组有:listen to 听;look at 看;look after 照看;look for 寻找;arrive at/in 到达等。 May I turn on the light? 我可以开灯吗? What are you looking for? 你在找什么? ◇第三种句型:主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) 连系动词的后面必须接表语,说明主语的情况和状态。通常可作表语的是名词或形容词。She became a lawyer last year. 去年,她成为了一名律师。 He is honest. 他是诚实的。 It is getting colder and colder. 天气渐渐冷了。 It tastes delicious. 这好吃极了。 下列动词也作连系动词使用:look 看起来;smell 闻起来;sound 听起来;taste 尝起来;feel 感觉;keep 保持;grow/go/get/turn变得。 ◇第四种句型:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) (1)宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,但某些动词,除直接宾

英语五大基本句型讲解

英语五种基本句型详解 句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的。英语句子有长有短,有简有繁,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但其实只有五种基本句型。所有英语句子都可以看成是这五种基本句型的扩大、组合、省略或倒装。因此掌握这五大句型,是掌握其他各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语句子依其组合方式可分为以下五种基本句型,句子成分的表示法为: S:Subject(主语), V:V erb(动词), O:Object(宾语), IO : Indirect Object (间接宾语), DO: Direct Object (直接宾语) , P:Predicative(表语), OC:Object Complement(宾语补足语)。 五种基本句型见下表 种类句型例句 第1种S+V (主语+不及物动词)We work. (不及物) 第2种S+V+O(主语+及物动词+宾语)He plays (及物) the piano 第3种S+V+P (主语+系动词+表语)We are (系动词) students. 第4种S+V+IO+DO (主语+及物动词+间接宾语She gave (及物) me a pen +直接宾语) 第5种S+V+O+OC (主语+及物动词+宾语He made (及物) the boy laugh +宾语补足语) 说明:(S=主,V=谓,O=宾,P=表,IO=间宾,DO=直宾,OC=宾补 一、第1种句型:S+V(主语+不及物动词)

1、Birds fly. 鸟飞。 主语+谓语(不及物动词) 2、He runs in the park. 他在公园里跑。 主语+谓语+地点状语(不及物动词) 此句型是“主语+不及物动词”构成句子的主体部分。因为是不及物动词,后面当然不能带宾语了,但是可以有状语来修饰。例如上面例句中的in the park就是地点状语。 3、Class begins.(begin在句中是不及物动词)上课了。 比较:W e begin our class at eight. 我们八点钟开始上课。 该句则属于第2种句型,begin在句中是及物动词,由此可见有些动词既可作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。 二、第2种句型:S+V+O(主语+及物动词+宾语) My father read the book. 我父亲读过那本书. 主语谓语(及物动词) 宾语 注意: 有些不及物动词后面加上介词就可把它看成一个及物动词,后面就可以加宾语了。如: 4、Y ou must listen to me. 你必须听我的。 (Listen是不及物动词。但加上to之后,listen to可以看成一个及物动词。) 可以带宾语的动词是及物动词,可以充当宾语的有名词和名词的相当语(如代词、不定式、动名词及宾语从句)。 如: 5、She likes English. 她喜欢英语。(名词作宾语) 6、I know him very well. 我非常了解他。(代词作宾语) (同第一种句型一样,本句型可以有状语、定语修饰) 7、They want to go. 他们想走。(不定式作宾语) 8、He stopped writing. 他停下笔。(动名词作宾语) 9、The teacher advised that we learn English well. 老师建议我们学好英语。(宾语从句) 三、第3种句型:S+V+P (主语+系动词+表语) 10、He became a scientist. 他成为一个科学家了。

五大基本句型讲解及习题讲解学习

五大基本句型讲解及 习题

简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: S十V主谓结构 S十V十P主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C =宾语补足语 S十V主谓结构 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有:run, study, arrive, come, happen,等。如: 1). Time flies. (S+Vi) 2). Students study hard. (S+Vi+adv) 3). He went on holiday. (S+Vi+Prep phrase) 4) We stoped to have a rest. (S+Vi+to do sth) 练习: 1. 冬天快要来了。 2. 他高兴地离开了。 3. 他们会在三点钟到 4. 我们明天一起去钓鱼。 5. 昨天他们去逛街。 6. 他起得早是为了读英语。 基本句型二:S十V十P主系表结构 除了be系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词: 表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, 等 表变化的动词:become, get, grow, turn, go, fall, run, come等 表延续的动词:remain, keep, stay, stand, continue, lie等 表表象的动词:seem, appear, look 等 表终止的动词:prove, turn out等 1)He is a good boy. (S+Lv+N/Pron) 2)She is beautiful. (S+Lv+adj)

五大基本句型讲解及习题

简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: S十V主谓结构 S十V十P主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C =宾语补足语 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有:run, study, arrive, come, happen,等。如: 1). Time flies. (S+Vi) 2). Students study hard. (S+Vi+adv) 3). He went on holiday. (S+Vi+Prep phrase) 4) We stoped to have a rest. (S+Vi+to do sth) 练习: 1. 冬天快要来了。 2. 他高兴地离开了。 3. 他们会在三点钟到 4. 我们明天一起去钓鱼。 5. 昨天他们去逛街。 6. 他起得早是为了读英语。 除了be系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词: 表感官的动词:feel, smell, taste, sound, look, 等 表变化的动词:become, get, grow, turn, go, fall, run, come等 表延续的动词:remain, keep, stay, stand, continue, lie等 表表象的动词:seem, appear, look 等 表终止的动词:prove, turn out等 1)He is a good boy. (S+Lv+N/Pron) 2)She is beautiful. (S+Lv+adj) 3)Class is over. (S+Lv+adv) 4)The film is interesting. (S+LV+Participle)

(完整版)5种基本句型

1. We all breathe. 2. He was a strange little man. 3. I have bought some chocolate for you. 4. Mr. Smith taught us English. 5. He could make his lessons lively and interesting. 1. S十V “主语+谓语”结构4. S十V十O1十O2 “主语+谓语+双宾语”结构 2. S十V十P “主语+系动词+表语”结构 3. S十V十O “主语+谓语+宾语”结构 5. S十V十O十C “主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构 句型1. S十V “主语+谓语”结构 ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┃S│V(不及物动词)┃ ┠───────────────┼───────────────┨ ┃1. The sun │was shining. ┃ ┃2. The moon │rose. ┃ He was breathing heavily. He went away. We stood still in a line. We went running to meet the guests. We walked (for) five miles. We waited (for) half an hour. We live in Nanjing. We are going to meet at the school gate. There comes the bus. The students work very hard. She apologized to me again. The accident happened yesterday evening. My head aches. The children are playing happily. 句型2. S十V十P “主语+系动词+表语”结构 ┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┃S│V(是系动词)│P┃ ┠───────┼───────┼───────────────┨ ┃1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.┃ ┃2. The dinner │smells │good. ┃ 联系动词(V),除BE动词外,以下几类动词均可作为联系动词使用: 1.seem, appear 等表示“似乎”、“好象”等意思的动词; 2.look, taste, smell, sound, feel等表示五官感觉的动词; 3.remain, keep等表示“维持,保持”等意思的动词; 4.become, grow, turn, get, go, come, run, fall等表示“变化、发展”等意思的动词; The lecture was over. The boys were about the same age. It is time to go to the park with my classmates. It is very nice(for me) to sit/sitting here with you. It seemed (to me) that everyone was really interested in the trip. The baby seemed to be asleep. You sound surprised. How did they become friends? He kept/remained silent. The river has run dry. The meat has gone bad. The leaves are turning brown. One of the tigers broke loose. She married old. Several players lay flat on the playground. We should remain modest and prudent any time. This kind of food tastes terrible. The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance. Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. Don't have the food. It has gone bad. The facts prove true. I finished reading the book. The Greens enjoy living in China. 句型3. S十V十O “主语+谓语+宾语”结构 ┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┃S│V(及物动词)│O┃ ┠───────┼───────┼───────────────┨

英语五种基本句型详解及针对练习

英语五种基本句型详解及针对练习 句子由主语和谓语两大部分组成。主语结构比较单一,谓语结构则不然,不同类别的谓语动词导致不同的谓语结构,从而形成了不同的句型(Sentence Pattern)。换句话说,不同的句型是由不同类别的谓语动词所决定的,因此,句型又被称为动词句型(Verb Pattern)。语法家们对句型的分类不尽相同,一般认为,现代英语的基本句型主要有五种: 1.“主----系-----表”(SLP)句型: 在这种句型中,谓语动词是以be为主的连系动词(Linking Verb),后面跟主语补语(Subject Complement),如: These oranges have kept fresh. 这些桔子一直很新鲜。 Mary is a student / here /in the room. 玛丽是个学生/在这儿/在房间里。 有的语法家把be后面的副词(短语)或介词短语视为状语,从而形成了“主----动-----状”(SVA)这一在五种基本句型之外的句型(见上面最后一个例句)。 2.“主----动”(SV)句型: 在这种句型中,谓语动词为不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),谓语部分通常只包括限定动词,即使有状语,也属任意性状语,即:去掉后并不影响句子结构和意义的完整,如:This bread won’t keep (for a long time). 这种面包不好(长期)存放。 Tom has left. 前面说过,有些句子中的状语是不可缺少的,这种状语被称为必具性状语,从而构成“主----动----状”(SVA)句型,但这仅限于少数几个动词的某些用法,因而不是一种主要句型,如:They are staying in a hotel. 他们暂住在一家旅馆里。 3.“主----动-----宾”(SVO)句型: 在这种句型中,谓语动词为只带一个宾语的及物动词,这种动词被称为单宾语及物动词(Monotransitive Verb),如: He kept the money. 他保存着这些钱。 They have left the hotel. 他们已经离开了那家旅馆。 在这种句型中,状语通常也不是必不可少的,但有少数几个及物动词的某些用法要求必具性状语,从而形成了“主----动-----宾-----状”(SVOA)这一在五种基本句型之外的另一种句型,如: The train leaves London at nine. 这列火车九点钟驶离伦敦。 4.“主----动----间宾-----直宾”(SVOiId)句型: 在这一句型中,谓语动词为能带一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语的及物动词,这类动词被称为双宾语及物动词(Ditransitive Verb),如: He kept me a dictionary. 他为我保存了一本词典。 Shall I leave you the camera? 要我把照相机留给你吗? 5.“主----动----宾----补”(SVOC)句型: 在这种句型中,谓语动词为能带复合宾语(宾语+宾语补语)的及物动词,这类动词叫做复合宾语及物动词(Complex Transitive Verb),如: She kept a notebook handy. 她手头上随时有个笔记本。 His illness left him weak. 他的疾病使他身体虚弱。 从上面所介绍的五种基本句型中的例句中我们可看出,一个动词往往不只用于一种句型,它常常兼有连系动词、不及物动词和及物动词这三类动词的两种词性,有的甚至兼有三种词性,有些动词可以带单宾语、双宾语和复合宾语这三类宾语中的两种或三种。前面的例

初中英语五种基本句型结构

初中---五种基本句型 中考对五种基本句型的考查主要集中在以下几方面: 1. 掌握五种基本句型的基本用法。 2. 掌握五种基本句型在用法上的区别。 中考考查这部分内容时的题型和大体分值为: 单选(1分) 写句子(1分) 写作(1-2分) 阅读理解(1-2分) 一、知识精讲 五种基本句型是句子最基本的组成部分。掌握了这五种基本句型,在阅读中当我们遇到较复杂的句子时,运用这些基本句型,对句子的分析就会变得容易多了。在写作中,首先要能运用好这些基本句型,才能得到高分。 (一)五种基本句型的句子成分: 1. 句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语等。 2. 主语(subject):主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 【例句】 We often speak English in class. 我们在课上经常说英语。 Smoking does harm to the health. 吸烟对健康有害。 The rich should help the poor. 富有的人应该帮助贫困的人。 3. 谓语(verb):谓语可用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词常在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。分及物动词和不及物动词两种。 【例句】 He practices running every morning. 他每天早晨练习跑步。 I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 We like helping the people in trouble 我们喜欢帮助那些处于困境中的人。

初中英语语法五大基本句型总结

初中英语语法五大基本句型 英语句子是由主语(subject),谓语动词(verb),宾语(object),表语 句型一: 主语+不及物动词 不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念,不需要宾语及补语,但有时可有副词,介词短语等状语修饰语。 e.g. The rain stopped . The old man walks in the park . 句型一的扩展: 1.主语+不及物动词+状语 e.g. The machineworkssmoothly. (机器运转正常。) 2.There +不及物动词+主语 e.g. There is some milk in the bottle . 3.主语+不及物动词+动词不定式 e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息)特别提醒 动词stop可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时,通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时,通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。e.g. They stopped taking a rest . 句型二: 主语+系动词+表语

系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没,需要形容词,名词,介词短语等来补充说明主语,也叫主语补语。 e.g. My sister is a nurse . I feel quite hungry . The ball isunder the desk . 句型三: 主语+及物动词+宾语 及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语),才可以表达一个完整的意念。 e.g. We are learning English . Do you know him ? Your radio needs repairing . Shehopesto see her uncle. 句型四: 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。 e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt. Give me the book, please. 特别提醒 A.在此句型中,通常是间接宾语(人)在前,直接宾语(物)在后,有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。 e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .

(精心整理)小学英语基本句型归纳

小学英语简单句基本句型归纳 小学英语以简单句为主。下面主要以一般现在时举例,过去式主要是动词用过去式。 如果你能完成以下练习,说明你基本掌握了简单句造句。 陈述句:有三种基本句型。 I、be动词句。 Be动词是_________________的合称,必须和人称正确搭配,否则就是错误,所以有以下句型。 一定要背会以下口诀基本掌握所有句型。 单数句子:I am … . You are … . He/She/It is ……(★相当于He,She, it的词如人名,单数称呼组合词) 复数句子:We are ……You are …… They are ……(★相当于they的词如复数词The cars,复数称呼组合词) 下面仿照例句,自己写一些句子,练习掌握句子结构。 I am clever(形容词). ______________________________________________________ I am a boy(名词). _____________________________________________________ You are cute(形容词). _____________________________________________________ You are a boy(名词). _____________________________________________________ He 的形容词句。 He is tired. _____________________________________________________ Danny is tired. _____________________________________________________ My father is tired. _____________________________________________________ He 的名词句。 He is a pupil. _____________________________________________________ Danny is a _____________________________________________________ My father is a _____________________________________________________ She 的形容词句。 She is hungry. ______________________________________________________ Mary is hungry. ______________________________________________________ His mother is hungry. ______________________________________________________ She 的名词句。 She is a pupil. ______________________________________________________ Mary is a ______________________________________________________ His mother is a ______________________________________________________ It的形容词句。 It s big ______________________________________________________ The dog is big ______________________________________________________ My pencil is blue. ______________________________________________________ My head is big. ______________________________________________________

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档