传感器中英文介绍

传感器技术论文中英文对照资料外文翻译文献Development of New Sensor TechnologiesSensors are devices that can convert physical。

chemical。

logical quantities。

etc。

into electrical signals。

The output signals can take different forms。

such as voltage。

current。

frequency。

pulse。

etc。

and can meet the requirements of n n。

processing。

recording。

display。

and control。

They are indispensable components in automatic n systems and automatic control systems。

If computers are compared to brains。

then sensors are like the five senses。

Sensors can correctly sense the measured quantity and convert it into a corresponding output。

playing a decisive role in the quality of the system。

The higher the degree of n。

the higher the requirements for sensors。

In today's n age。

the n industry includes three parts: sensing technology。

n technology。

and computer technology。

传感器中英文介绍Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998. sensorssensors(English name: transducer/sensor) is a kind of detection device, can feel the measured information, and will feel information transformation according to certain rule become electrical signal output, or other form of information needed to satisfy the information transmission, processing, storage, display, record and control requirements.Sensor's features include: miniaturization, digital, intelligent, multi-functional, systematic and network. It is the first step of automatic detection and automatic control. The existence and development of the sensor, let objects have sensory, such as touch, taste and smell let objects become live up slowly. Usually according to its basic cognitive functions are divided into temperature sensor, light sensor, gas sensor, force sensor, magnetic sensor, moisture sensor, acoustic sensor, radiation sensitive element, color sensor and sensor etc. 10 major categories.temperature transducerTemperature sensors (temperature transducer) refers to can feel temperature translates into usable output signal of the sensor. The temperature sensor is the core part of the temperature measuring instrument, wide variety. According to measuring methods could be divided into two types: contact and non-contact, according to the sensor material and electronic component features divided into two categories, thermal resistance and thermocouple.1 principle of thermocoupleThermocouple is composed of two different materials of metal wire, the welded together at the end. To measure the heating part of the environment temperature, can accurately know the temperature of the hot spots. Because it must have two different material of the conductor, so called the thermocouple. Different material to make the thermocouple used in different temperature range, their sensitivity is also each are not identical. The sensitivity of thermocouple refers to add 1 ℃ hot spot temperature changes, the output variation of potential difference. For most of the metal material support thermocouple, this value about between 5 ~ 40 microvolt / ℃.As a result of the thermocouple temperature sensor sensitivity has nothing to do with the thickness of material, use very fine material also can make the temperature sensor. Also due to the production of thermocouple metal materials have good ductility, the slight temperature measuring element has high response speed, can measure the process of rapid change.Its advantages are:(1)high precision measurement. Because of thermocouple direct contact with the object being measured, not affected by intermediate medium.(2)the measurement range. Commonly used thermocouple from 1600 ℃ to50 ℃ ~ + sustainable measurement, some special thermocouple minimum measurable to - 269 ℃ ., gold iron nickel chrome), the highest measurable to + 2800 ℃ (such as tungsten rhenium).(3) simple structure, easy to use. Thermocouple is usually composed of two different kinds of metal wire, but is not limited by the size and the beginning of, outside has protective casing, so very convenient to use. The thermocouple type and structure of the form.2. The thermocouple type and structure formation(1)the types of thermocoupleThe commonly used thermocouple could be divided into two types: standard thermocouple and non-standard thermocouple. Standard thermocouple refers to the national standard specifies its thermoelectric potential and the relationship between temperature, permissible error, and a unified standard score table of thermocouple, it has with matching display instrument to choose from. Rather than a standard thermocouple or on the order of magnitude less than the range to use standardized thermocouple, in general, there is no uniform standard, it is mainly used for measurement of some special occasions.Standardized thermocouple is our country from January 1, 1988, thermocouple and thermal resistance of all production according to IEC international standard, and specify the S, B, E, K, R, J, T seven standardization thermocouple type thermocouple for our country unified design.(2)to ensure that the thermocouple is reliable, steady work, the structure of thermocouple requirements are as follows:①of the two thermocouple thermal electrode welding must be strong;②two hot electrode should be well insulated between each other, in case of short circuit;③compensation wires connected to the free cod of a thermocouple to convenient and reliable;④protect casing thermal electrodes should be able to make sufficient isolation and harmful medium.3.The thermocouple cold end temperature compensationDue to the thermocouple materials are generally more expensive (especially when using precious metals), and the temperature measurement points are generally more far, the distance to the instrument in order to save materials, reduce cost, usually adopt the compensating conductor) (the free end of the cold junction of the thermocouple to the steady control of indoor temperature, connected to the meter terminals. It must be pointed out that the role of the thermocouple compensation wire extension hot electrode, so that only moved to the control room of the cold junction of the thermocouple instrument on the terminal, it itself does not eliminate the cold end temperature change on the influence of temperature, cannot have the compensation effect. So, still need to take some of the other correction method to compensate of the cold end temperature especially when t0 indicates influence on measuring temperature 0 ℃.Must pay attention to when using thermocouple compensating conductor model match, cannot be wrong polarity, compensation conductor should be connected to the thermocouple temperature should not exceed 100 ℃.传感器传感器（名称：transducer/sensor）是一种检测装置，能感受到被测量的信息，并能将感受到的信息，按一定规律变换成为电信号或其他所需形式的信息输出，以满足信息的传输、处理、存储、显示、记录和控制等要求。

o MK Sensors 传感器▪SENSOR-ACCELERATOR PEDAL POSITION 加速踏板位置传感器▪▪SENSOR-AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE 室外温度传感器▪▪SENSOR-CAMSHAFT POSITION 1 凸轮轴位置传感器1▪SENSOR-CAMSHAFT POSITION 2 凸轮轴位置传感器2▪▪SENSOR-CRANKSHAFT POSITION 曲轴位置传感器▪▪SENSOR-ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE 冷却液温度传感器▪SENSOR-EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE 蒸发器温度传感器▪▪SENSOR-FRONT IMPACT-LEFT 左前碰撞传感器▪SENSOR-FRONT IMPACT-RIGHT 右前碰撞传感器▪▪SENSOR-INFRARED 红外线传感器▪▪SENSOR-INPUT SPEED 输入速度传感器▪SENSOR-OUTPUT SPEED 输出速度传感器▪▪SENSOR-INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE 进气温度传感器▪▪SENSOR-KNOCK 爆震传感器▪▪SENSOR-MANIFOLD ABSOLUTE PRESSURE 歧管绝对压力传感器▪SENSOR-OIL TEMPERATURE 油温传感器▪▪SENSOR-OXYGEN 1/1 氧传感器一排1▪SENSOR-OXYGEN 1/2 氧传感器一排2▪▪SENSOR-SIDE IMPACT-LEFT 1 侧碰撞传感器左1 ▪SENSOR-SIDE IMPACT-LEFT 2 侧碰撞传感器左2 ▪▪SENSOR-SIDE IMPACT-RIGHT 1 侧碰撞传感器右1 ▪SENSOR-SIDE IMPACT-RIGHT 2 侧碰撞传感器右2 ▪▪SENSOR-WHEEL SPEED-ABS-LEFT FRONT 左前ABS轮速传感器▪SENSOR-WHEEL SPEED-ABS-LEFT REAR 左后ABS轮速传感器▪▪SENSOR-WHEEL SPEED-ABS-RIGHT FRONT 右前ABS轮速传感器▪SENSOR-WHEEL SPEED-ABS-RIGHT REAR 右后ABS轮速传感器▪▪TRANSDUCER-A/C PRESSURE 空调压力传感器。

sensor 翻译sensor 翻译为传感器，是一种能够感知和测量环境中各种物理量和信号的装置或设备。

传感器通常用于将物理量转换为电信号，然后通过电子电路进行处理和分析。

它广泛应用于各个领域，包括工业自动化、医疗、交通、农业等。

以下是一些常见的传感器及其用法和中英文对照例句：1. 温度传感器 (Temperature Sensor)：用于测量环境或物体的温度。

- The temperature sensor accurately measures the room temperature. (温度传感器准确地测量室温。

)- The car's engine temperature sensor alerted the driver of overheating. (汽车引擎温度传感器提醒驾驶员发生过热。

)2. 光传感器(Light Sensor)：用于检测光照强度或光线的存在与否。

- The light sensor automatically adjusts the screen brightness based on ambient light. (光传感器根据环境光自动调节屏幕亮度。

)- The security system's light sensor triggered the outdoor lights when it detected movement. (安全系统的光传感器在检测到运动时触发室外灯光。

)3. 压力传感器 (Pressure Sensor)：用于测量物体或环境的压力。

- The pressure sensor in the car's tire warns the driver whenthe tire pressure is low. (汽车轮胎的压力传感器在轮胎压力过低时警告驾驶员。

)- The pressure sensor accurately measures the fluid pressure in the pipeline. (压力传感器准确测量管道中的流体压力。

汽车传感器中英文曲轴转速传感器 crankshaft sensor凸轮轴位置传感器 camshaft sensor节气门位置传感器 throttle position sensor爆震传感器 knock sensor (or detonation sensor)进气温度传感器 intake air temperature sensor进气歧管绝对压力传感器manifold absolute pressure sensor (manifold vacuum sensor) 空气流量计 air flow sensor质量型空气流量传感器 air mass sensor加速踏板位置传感器 accelerator pedal position sensor轮速传感器 wheel speed sensor车速传感器 vehicle speed sensor空气传感器 air sensor环境温度传感器 ambient sensor大气压力传感器 barometric pressure sensor双金属式温度传感器 bimetallic sensor增压器传感器 boost sensor冷却水温传感器 coolant temperature sensor曲轴传感器 crank sensor碰撞传感器 crash sensor (or impact sensor)汽缸传感器 cylinder sensor排气再循环功能传感器 erg function sensor发动机转速传感器 engine speed sensor发动机温度传感器 engine temperature sensor离地间隙传感器 ground clearance sensor霍尔效应传感器 hall-effect sensor霍尔传感器 hall sensor加热式氧传感器 heated exhaust gas oxygen sensor热氧传感器 heated oxygen sensor侧向加速度感测器 lateral acceleration sensor车内传感器 in-car sensor歧管空气温度感测器 manifold air temperature sensor进气温度传感器 manifold charge temperature sensor进气歧管温度传感器 manifold surface temperature sensor 机油油位传感器 oil level sensor机油压力传感器 oil pressure sensor大气压力传感器 atmospheric pressure sensor压差传感器 pressure differential sensor基准传感器 reference mark sensor转向压力传感器 steering pressure sensor开关传感器 switching sensor叶轮空气温度传感器 vane air temperature sensor可变磁阻传感器 variable reluctance sensor车轮滑动传感器 wheel slip sensor横摆传感器 yaw sensor热膜传感器 hot-film sensor燃油压力传感器 fuel pressure sensor (regulator)上止点传感器 TDC sensor轮胎气压传感器 tire pressure sensor防抱死制动传感器 anti-lock brake sensor差速防滑传感器 differential antiskid sensor背压[排气压力]传感器back pressure transducer堵塞报警传感器 clog warning sensor燃料成分传感器 fuel composition sensor(燃油系)燃油不足[低限]传感器 fuel low—level sensor玻璃破裂传感器 glass breakage sensor(悬架)调平[高度]传感器 leveling sensor液面[位]传感器 level sensor灯光故障传感器 light failure sensor负[载]荷传感器 load sensor主氧传感器 main oxygen sensor相位传感器 phase sensor光电传感器 photo(electric)sensor催化转化器前氧传感器 pre-catalyst lambda probe(刮水器)雨滴传感器 raindrop sensor(悬架)行驶高度传感器ride-height sensor车内温度传感器 room temperature sensor安全传感器 safety sensor副氧传感器(装在催化转化器出口后面) sub-oxygen sensor 悬架位移传感器 suspension sensor油箱(贮液罐]液面[位]传感器 tank-level sensor转[扭]矩传感器 torque sensor燃油水分传感器 water in-fuel detector[sensor]磨损传感器 wear sensor空气滤清器堵塞报警传感器 air filter clog warning sensor 车距传感器 distance sensor停车传感器 park sensor变速范围传感器 transmission range sensor。

物联网中英文词汇对照表物联网中英文词汇对照表一、物联网基础概念1、物联网 (Internet of Things)指通过无线传感器、互联网等技术连接并交互的具备独立身份的物体。

2、传感器 (Sensor)是物联网中负责感知环境信息的设备，能够将感测到的信息转化为数字信号进行传输。

3、云计算 (Cloud Computing)通过互联网将数据存储、管理和处理的技术，为物联网提供强大的计算和存储能力。

4、数据分析 (Data Analytics)通过对大量数据进行分析和挖掘，提取有用的信息和模式，为决策提供支持。

二、物联网设备与技术1、物联网节点 (IoT Node)物联网系统中的一个连接点，包括传感器、通信模块和数据处理单元等。

2、物联网网关 (IoT Gateway)用于连接物联网边缘设备和云平台的桥梁，起到数据收集、处理和转发的作用。

3、无线通信 (Wireless Communication)通过无线技术传输数据和信息的方式，常用的无线通信技术包括蓝牙、Wi-Fi、移动通信等。

4、物联网协议 (IoT Protocol)用于物联网设备之间进行通信的协议，常见的物联网协议有MQTT、CoAP、AMQP等。

5、 (Artificial Intelligence)利用机器学习、深度学习等技术实现智能决策和自主学习的能力。

6、物联网安全 (IoT Security)针对物联网系统中的安全威胁，采取的安全措施和技术，包括身份验证、数据加密等。

三、物联网应用领域1、智能家居 (Smart Home)利用物联网技术将家居设备连接起来，实现智能化控制和管理。

2、智慧城市 (Smart City)利用物联网技术对城市基础设施进行智能化升级，提升城市管理和服务效率。

3、工业自动化 (Industrial Automation)将物联网技术应用于制造业中，实现智能化和自动化生产。

4、物流和供应链 (Logistics and Supply Chn)通过物联网技术对物流和供应链进行监控和管理，提高运输效率和货物追踪能力。

中英文对照外翻译Basic knowledge of transducersA transducer is a device which converts the quantity being measured into an optical, mechanical, or-more commonly-electrical signal. The energy-conversion process that takes place is referred to as transduction.Transducers are classified according to the transduction principle involved and the form of the measured. Thus a resistance transducer for measuring displacement is classified as a resistance displacement transducer. Other classification examples are pressure bellows, force diaphragm, pressure flapper-nozzle, and so on.1、Transducer ElementsAlthough there are exception ,most transducers consist of a sensing element and a conversion or control element. For example, diaphragms,bellows,strain tubes and rings, bourdon tubes, and cantilevers are sensing elements which respond to changes in pressure or force and convert these physical quantities into a displacement. This displacement may then be used to change an electrical parameter such as voltage, resistance, capacitance, or inductance. Such combination of mechanical and electrical elements form electromechanical transducing devices or transducers. Similar combination can be made for other energy input such as thermal. Photo, magnetic and chemical,giving thermoelectric, photoelectric,electromaanetic, and electrochemical transducers respectively.2、Transducer SensitivityThe relationship between the measured and the transducer output signal is usually obtained by calibration tests and is referred to as the transducer sensitivity K1= output-signal increment / measured increment . In practice, the transducer sensitivity is usually known, and, by measuring the output signal, the input quantity is determined from input= output-signal increment / K1.3、Characteristics of an Ideal TransducerThe high transducer should exhibit the following characteristicsa) high fidelity-the transducer output waveform shape be a faithful reproduction of the measured; there should be minimum distortion.b) There should be minimum interference with the quantity being measured; the presence of the transducer should not alter the measured in any way.c) Size. The transducer must be capable of being placed exactly where it is needed.d) There should be a linear relationship between the measured and the transducer signal.e) The transducer should have minimum sensitivity to external effects, pressure transducers,for example,are often subjected to external effects such vibration and temperature.f) The natural frequency of the transducer should be well separated from the frequency and harmonics of the measurand.4、Electrical TransducersElectrical transducers exhibit many of the ideal characteristics. In addition they offer high sensitivity as well as promoting the possible of remote indication or mesdurement. Electrical transducers can be divided into two distinct groups:a) variable-control-parameter types,which include:i)resistanceii) capacitanceiii) inductanceiv) mutual-inductance typesThese transducers all rely on external excitation voltage for their operation.b) self-generating types,which includei) electromagneticii)thermoelectriciii)photoemissiveiv)piezo-electric typesThese all themselves produce an output voltage in response to the measurand input and their effects are reversible. For example, a piezo-electric transducer normally produces an output voltage in response to the deformation of a crystalline material; however, if an alternating voltage is applied across the material, the transducer exhibits the reversible effect by deforming or vibrating at the frequency of the alternating voltage.5、Resistance TransducersResistance transducers may be divided into two groups, as follows:i) Those which experience a large resistance change, measured by using potential-divider methods. Potentiometers are in this group.ii)Those which experience a small resistance change, measured by bridge-circuit methods. Examples of this group include strain gauges and resistance thermometers.5.1 PotentiometersA linear wire-wound potentiometer consists of a number of turns resistance wire wound around a non-conducting former, together with a wiping contact which travels over the barwires. The construction principles are shown in figure which indicate that the wiperdisplacement can be rotary, translational, or a combination of both to give a helical-type motion. The excitation voltage may be either a.c. or d.c. and the output voltage is proportional to the input motion, provided the measuring device has a resistance which is much greater than the potentiometer resistance.Such potentiometers suffer from the linked problem of resolution and electrical noise. Resolution is defined as the smallest detectable change in input and is dependent on thecross-sectional area of the windings and the area of the sliding contact. The output voltage is thus a serials of steps as the contact moves from one wire to next.Electrical noise may be generated by variation in contact resistance, by mechanical wear due to contact friction, and by contact vibration transmitted from the sensing element. In addition, the motion being measured may experience significant mechanical loading by the inertia and friction of the moving parts of the potentiometer. The wear on the contacting surface limits the life of a potentiometer to a finite number of full strokes or rotations usually referred to in the manufacture’s specification as the ‘number of cycles of life expectancy’, a typical value being 20*1000000 cycles.The output voltage V0 of the unload potentiometer circuit is determined as follows. Let resistance R1= xi/xt *Rt where xi = input displacement, xt= maximum possible displacement, Rt total resistance of the potentiometer. Then output voltage V0= V*R1/(R1+( Rt-R1))=V*R1/Rt=V*xi/xt*Rt/Rt=V*xi/xt. This shows that there is a straight-line relationship between output voltage and input displacement for the unloaded potentiometer.It would seen that high sensitivity could be achieved simply by increasing the excitation voltage V. however, the maximum value of V is determined by the maximum power dissipation P of the fine wires of the potentiometer winding and is given by V=(PRt)1/2 .5.2 Resistance Strain GaugesResistance strain gauges are transducers which exhibit a change in electrical resistance in response to mechanical strain. They may be of the bonded or unbonded variety .a) bonded strain gaugesUsing an adhesive, these gauges are bonded, or cemented, directly on to the surface of the body or structure which is being examined.Examples of bonded gauges arei) fine wire gauges cemented to paper backingii) photo-etched grids of conducting foil on an epoxy-resin backingiii)a single semiconductor filament mounted on an epoxy-resin backing with copper or nickel leads.Resistance gauges can be made up as single elements to measuring strain in one direction only,or a combination of elements such as rosettes will permit simultaneous measurements in more than one direction.b) unbonded strain gaugesA typical unbonded-strain-gauge arrangement shows fine resistance wires stretched around supports in such a way that the deflection of the cantilever spring system changes the tension in the wires and thus alters the resistance of wire. Such an arrangement may be found in commercially available force, load, or pressure transducers.5.3 Resistance Temperature TransducersThe materials for these can be divided into two main groups:a) metals such as platinum, copper, tungsten, and nickel which exhibit and increase in resistance as the temperature rises; they have a positive temperature coefficient of resistance.b) semiconductors, such as thermistors which use oxides of manganese, cobalt, chromium, or nickel. These exhibit large non-linear resistance changes with temperature variation and normally have a negative temperature coefficient of resistance.a) metal resistance temperature transducersThese depend, for many practical purpose and within a narrow temperature range, upon the relationship R1=R0*[1+a*(b1-b2)] where a coefficient of resistance in ℃-1,and R0 resistance in ohms at the reference temperature b0=0℃ at the reference temperature range ℃.The international practical temperature scale is based on the platinum resistance thermometer, which covers the temperature range -259.35℃ to 630.5℃.b) thermistor resistance temperature transducersThermistors are temperature-sensitive resistors which exhibit large non-liner resistance changes with temperature variation. In general, they have a negative temperature coefficient. For small temperature increments the variation in resistance is reasonably linear; but, if large temperature changes are experienced, special linearizing techniques are used in the measuring circuits to produce a linear relationship of resistance against temperature.Thermistors are normally made in the form of semiconductor discs enclosed in glass vitreous enamel. Since they can be made as small as 1mm,quite rapid response times are possible.5.4 Photoconductive CellsThe photoconductive cell , uses a light-sensitive semiconductor material. The resistance between the metal electrodes decrease as the intensity of the light striking the semiconductor increases. Common semiconductor materials used for photo-conductive cells are cadmium sulphide, lead sulphide, and copper-doped germanium.The useful range of frequencies is determined by material used. Cadmium sulphide is mainly suitable for visible light, whereas lead sulphide has its peak response in the infra-red regionand is, therefore , most suitable for flame-failure detection and temperature measurement. 5.5 Photoemissive CellsWhen light strikes the cathode of the photoemissive cell are given sufficient energy to arrive the cathode. The positive anode attracts these electrons, producing a current which flows through resistor R and resulting in an output voltage V.Photoelectrically generated voltage V=Ip.RlWhere Ip=photoelectric current(A),and photoelectric current Ip=Kt.BWhere Kt=sensitivity (A/im),and B=illumination input (lumen)Although the output voltage does give a good indication of the magnitude of illumination, the cells are more often used for counting or control purpose, where the light striking the cathode can be interrupted.6、Capacitive TransducersThe capacitance can thus made to vary by changing either the relative permittivity, the effective area, or the distance separating the plates. The characteristic curves indicate that variations of area and relative permittivity give a linear relationship only over a small range of spacings. Thus the sensitivity is high for small values of d. Unlike the potentionmeter, the variable-distance capacitive transducer has an infinite resolution making it most suitable for measuring small increments of displacement or quantities which may be changed to produce a displacement.7、Inductive TransducersThe inductance can thus be made to vary by changing the reluctance of the inductive circuit. Measuring techniques used with capacitive and inductive transducers:a)A.C. excited bridges using differential capacitors inductors.b)A.C. potentiometer circuits for dynamic measurements.c) D.C. circuits to give a voltage proportional to velocity for a capacitor.d) Frequency-modulation methods, where the change of C or L varies the frequency of an oscillation circuit.Important features of capacitive and inductive transducers are as follows:i)resolution infiniteii) accuracy+- 0.1% of full scale is quotediii)displacement ranges 25*10-6 m to 10-3miv) rise time less than 50us possibleTypical measurands are displacement, pressure, vibration, sound, and liquid level.8、Linear Variable-differential Ttransformer9、Piezo-electric Transducers10、Electromagnetic Transducers11、Thermoelectric Transducers12、Photoelectric Cells13、Mechanical Transducers and Sensing Elements传感器的基础知识传感器是一种把被测量转换为光的、机械的或者更平常的电信号的装置。

. sensorssensors(English name: transducer/sensor) is a kind of detection device, can feel the measured information, and will feel information transformation according to certain rule become electrical signal output, or other form of information needed to satisfy the information transmission, processing, storage, display, record and control requirements.Sensor's features include: miniaturization, digital, intelligent, multi-functional, systematic and network. It is the first step of automatic detection and automatic control. The existence and development of the sensor, let objects have sensory, such as touch, taste and smell let objects become live up slowly. Usually according to its basic cognitive functions are divided into temperature sensor, light sensor, gas sensor, force sensor, magnetic sensor, moisture sensor, acoustic sensor, radiation sensitive element, color sensor and sensor etc. 10 major categories.temperature transducerTemperature sensors (temperature transducer) refers to can feel temperature translates into usable output signal of the sensor. The temperature sensor is the core part of the temperature measuring instrument, wide variety. According to measuring methods could be divided into two types: contact and non-contact, according to the sensor material and electronic component features divided into two categories, thermal resistance and thermocouple.1 principle of thermocoupleThermocouple is composed of two different materials of metal wire, the welded together at the end. To measure the heating part of the environment temperature, can accurately know the temperature of the hot spots. Because it must have two different material of the conductor, so called the thermocouple. Different material to make the thermocouple used in different temperature range, their sensitivity is also each are not identical. The sensitivity of thermocouple refers to add 1 ℃hot spot temperature changes, the output variation of potential difference. For most of the metal material support thermocouple, this value about between 5 ~ 40 microvolt / ℃.As a result of the thermocouple temperature sensor sensitivity has nothing to do with the thickness of material, use very fine material also can make the temperature sensor. Also due to the production of thermocouple metal materials have good ductility, the slight temperature measuring element has high response speed, can measure the process of rapid change.Its advantages are:(1)high precision measurement. Because of thermocouple direct contact with the object being measured, not affected by intermediate medium.(2)the measurement range. Commonly used thermocouple from 1600 ℃to 50 ℃ ~ + sustainable measurement, some special thermocouple minimum measurable to - 269 ℃ (e.g., gold iron nickel chrome), the highest measurable to + 2800 ℃ (such as tungsten rhenium).(3) simple structure, easy to use. Thermocouple is usually composed of two different kinds of metal wire, but is not limited by the size and the beginning of, outside has protective casing, so very convenient to use. The thermocouple type and structure of the form.2. The thermocouple type and structure formation(1)the types of thermocoupleThe commonly used thermocouple could be divided into two types: standard thermocouple and non-standard thermocouple. Standard thermocouple refers to the national standard specifies its thermoelectric potential and the relationship between temperature, permissible error, and a unified standard score table of thermocouple, it has with matching display instrument to choose from. Rather than a standard thermocouple or on the order of magnitude less than the range to use standardized thermocouple, in general, there is no uniform standard, it is mainly used for measurement of some special occasions.Standardized thermocouple is our country from January 1, 1988, thermocouple and thermal resistance of all production according to IEC international standard, and specify the S, B, E, K, R, J, T seven standardization thermocouple type thermocouple for our country unified design.(2)to ensure that the thermocouple is reliable, steady work, the structure of thermocouple requirements are as follows:①of the two thermocouple thermal electrode welding must be strong;②two hot electrode should be well insulated between each other, in case of short circuit;③compensation wires connected to the free cod of a thermocouple to convenient and reliable;④protect casing thermal electrodes should be able to make sufficient isolation and harmful medium.3.The thermocouple cold end temperature compensationDue to the thermocouple materials are generally more expensive (especiallywhen using precious metals), and the temperature measurement points are generally more far, the distance to the instrument in order to save materials, reduce cost, usually adopt the compensating conductor) (the free end of the cold junction of the thermocouple to the steady control of indoor temperature, connected to the meter terminals. It must be pointed out that the role of the thermocouple compensation wire extension hot electrode, so that only moved to the control room of the cold junction of the thermocouple instrument on the terminal, it itself does not eliminate the cold end temperature change on the influence of temperature, cannot have the compensation effect. So, still need to take some of the other correction method to compensate of the cold end temperature especially when t0 indicates influence on measuring temperature 0 ℃.Must pay attention to when using thermocouple compensating conductor model match, cannot be wrong polarity, compensation conductor should be connected to the thermocouple temperature should not exceed 100 ℃.传感器传感器（英文名称：transducer/sensor）是一种检测装置，能感受到被测量的信息，并能将感受到的信息，按一定规律变换成为电信号或其他所需形式的信息输出，以满足信息的传输、处理、存储、显示、记录和控制等要求。