新概念英语第4册课文(中英文对照)

Finding fossil man 发现化⽯石⼈人 Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful? We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especiallyflint, because this is easier to shapethan other kinds.They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rottedaway. Stone does not decay, and so thetools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappearedwithout trace.　读到flint 打⽕火⽯石anthropomorphic ⼈人格化拟1anthropo ⼈人类的让步⼀一⼀一trace backdate back read of read abouta trace of ⼀一些resound u叙述　Polynesian adj.波利利尼⻄西亚(中太平洋之⼀一群岛)的 Indonesia n. 印度尼⻄西亚 我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年年前近东发⽣生的事情，那⾥里里的⼈人最早学会了了写字。

The modern city 现代城市 In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible.It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory.The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants. ⼀一理理的代⼈人造的⽣生存⽅方式隺加规模 I 平庸的⼀一倒夺巨⼤大的⼤大厦南满拥塞without any idea of 完全忽视without giving any consideration to 在⼯工业⽣生活的组织中，⼯工⼚厂对⼯工⼈人的⽣生理理和精神状态的影响完全被忽视了了。

NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH(IV)(new version)2Lesson1Finding Fossil manWe can read of things that happened5,000years ago in the Near East,where people first learned to write.But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write.The only w ay that they can preserve their history is torecount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellersto another.These legends are useful because they can tell us somethin g aboutmigrations of people who lived long ago,but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesianpeoples now living in th e Pacific Islands came from.The sagas of these peopleexplain that some of them came from Indo nesia about2,000years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that ev en theirsagas,if they had any,are forgotten.So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men'came from.Fortunately,however,ancient me n made tools of stone,especially flint,becausethis is easier to shape than other kinds.They may also have used woodand skins,but these have rotted away.Stone does not decay,and so the tool s oflong ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.3Lesson2Spare that spiderWhy,you may wonder,should spiders be our friends?Because they destroy somany insects,and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the humanrace.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;they woulddevour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds,if it were not for the protectionwe get from insect-eating animals.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts wh o eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover,unlike some of the other insect eaters,spiders never dothe least harm to us or our bel ongings.Spiders are not insects,as many people think,nor even nearly related to them.One can t ell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legsand an insect never more th an six.How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf?One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England,andhe estimated that there were more than2,250,000in one acre,that is something like6,000,000spiders of different kinds on a f ootball pitch.Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects.It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill,but they are hungry creatures,not content wi th only three meals a day.It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spi ders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the c ountry.T.H.GILLESPIE Spare that Spider from The ListeneLesson3Matterhorn manModern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them goodsport,and the moredifficult it is,the more highly it is regarded.In the pioneeringdays,however,this was not the case at all.The early climbers were looking forthe easiest way to the top because the summit was the prize they sought,especially if it had never been attained before.It is true that during their explor ations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature,equipped in a manne r which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought,but they did not go out of their w ay to court such excitement.They had a single aim,a solitary goal--the top!It is hard for us to reali ze nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers.Exceptfor one or two places such as Zermatt an d Chamonix,which had rapidly become popular,Alpine villages tended to beimpoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains.Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden;the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often t welve months old,all washed down with coarse wine.Often a valley boasted no inn at all,and cli mbers found shelter wherever they could--sometimes with the local priest(who was usually as p oor as his parishioners),sometimes with shepherds or cheesemakers.Invariably the background was the same:dirt and poverty,and very uncomfortable.For men accustomed to eatingseven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home,the change to the Alps mu st have been very hard indeed.5Lesson4Seeing handsIn the Soviet Union several cases have been reported recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers,and even see through solid doors and walls.One case concerns an'ele ven-year-old schoolgirl,Vera Petrova,who has normal vision but who can also perceive things wit h different parts of her skin,and through solid walls.This ability was first noticed by her father.O ne day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe.Sudd enly she asked her father why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there,and even desc ribed the way they were done up in bundles.Vera's curious talent was brought to the notice of a s cientific research institute in the town of UIyanovsk,near where she lives,and in April she was giv en a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Repu blic.During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and,strange r still,by moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and c olours printed on it;and,in another instance,wearing stockings and slippers,to make out with h er foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet.Other experiments showed th at her knees and shoulders had a similar sensitivity.During all these tests Vera was blindfold;and, indeed,except when blindfold she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin.lt was also f ound that although she could perceive things with her fingers this ability ceased the moment her hands were wet.6Lesson5YouthPeople are always talking about'the problem of youth'.If there is one—which I take leave to doubt--then it is older people wh o create it,not the young themselves.Let us get down tofundamentals and agree that the young are after all human bei ngs--people just like their elders.There is only one difference be tween an old man and a young one:the young man has a glorio us future before him and the old one has a splendid future behi nd him:and maybe that is where the rub is.When I was a teena ger,I felt that I was just young and uncertain--that I was a new b oy in a huge school,and I would have been very pleased to be r egarded as something so interesting as a problem.For one thin g,being a problem gives you a certain identity,and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.I find young people exciting.They have an air of freedom,and they have n ot a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers,and they have no devotion to material things.All this seems to me to link them with life,a nd the origins of things.It's as if they were in some sense cosmi c beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatur es.All that is in my mind when I meet a young person.He may b e conceited,illmannered,presumptuous of fatuous,but I do no t turn for protection to dreary clichés about respect for elders--as if mere age were a reason for respect.I accept that we are e quals,and I will argue with him,as an equal,if I think he is wron g.7Lesson6The sporting spiritI am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport create s goodwill between the nations,and that if only the common pe oples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket ,they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.Eve n if one didn't know from concrete examples(the1936 Olympic Games,for instance)that international sporting contes ts lead to orgies of hatred,one could deduce it from general pri nciples.Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive.You pl ay to win,and the game has little meaning unless you do your u tmost to win.On the village green,where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved,it is possible to play si mply for the fun and exercise:but as soon as the question of pr estige arises,as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose,the most savage combative instinct s are aroused.Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.At the international level sport is frankly mim ic warfare.But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the p layers but the attitude of the spectators:and,behind the specta tors,of the nations.who work themselves into furies over theseabsurd contests,and seriously believe--at any rate for short per iods--that running,jumping and kicking a ball are tests of nation al virtue.刘晓华********************8Lesson7BatsNot all sounds made by animals serve as language,and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which thePeople are always talking about'the problem of youth'.If there is one—which I take leave to doubt--then it is older people wh o create it,not the young themselves.Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human bei ngs--people just like their elders.There is only one difference be tween an old man and a young one:the young man has a glorio us future before him and the old one has a splendid future behi nd him:and maybe that is where the rub is.When I was a teena ger,I felt that I was just young and uncertain--that I was a new b oy in a huge school,and I would have been very pleased to be r egarded as something so interesting as a problem.For one thin g,being a problem gives you a certain identity,and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.I find young people exciting.They have an air of freedom,and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers,and they have no devotion to material things.All this seems to me to link them with life,a nd the origins of things.It's as if they were in some sense cosmi c beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatur es.All that is in my mind when I meet a young person.He may b e conceited,illmannered,presumptuous of fatuous,but I do no t turn for protection to dreary clichés about respect for elders--as if mere age were a reason for respect.I accept that we are e quals,and I will argue with him,as an equal,if I think he is wron g.7Lesson6The sporting spiritI am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport create s goodwill between the nations,and that if only the common pe oples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket ,they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.Eve n if one didn't know from concrete examples(the1936 Olympic Games,for instance)that international sporting contes ts lead to orgies of hatred,one could deduce it from general pri nciples.Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive.You play to win,and the game has little meaning unless you do your u tmost to win.On the village green,where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved,it is possible to play si mply for the fun and exercise:but as soon as the question of pr estige arises,as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose,the most savage combative instinct s are aroused.Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.At the international level sport is frankly mim ic warfare.But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the p layers but the attitude of the spectators:and,behind the specta tors,of the nations.who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests,and seriously believe--at any rate for short per iods--that running,jumping and kicking a ball are tests of nation al virtue.刘晓华********************8Lesson7BatsNot all sounds made by animals serve as language,and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which thePeople are always talking about'the problem of youth'.If there is one—which I take leave to doubt--then it is older people wh o create it,not the young themselves.Let us get down tofundamentals and agree that the young are after all human bei ngs--people just like their elders.There is only one difference be tween an old man and a young one:the young man has a glorio us future before him and the old one has a splendid future behi nd him:and maybe that is where the rub is.When I was a teena ger,I felt that I was just young and uncertain--that I was a new b oy in a huge school,and I would have been very pleased to be r egarded as something so interesting as a problem.For one thin g,being a problem gives you a certain identity,and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.I find young people exciting.They have an air of freedom,and they have n ot a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers,and they have no devotion to material things.All this seems to me to link them with life,a nd the origins of things.It's as if they were in some sense cosmi c beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatur es.All that is in my mind when I meet a young person.He may b e conceited,illmannered,presumptuous of fatuous,but I do no t turn for protection to dreary clichés about respect for elders--as if mere age were a reason for respect.I accept that we are e quals,and I will argue with him,as an equal,if I think he is wron g.7Lesson6The sporting spiritI am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport create s goodwill between the nations,and that if only the common pe oples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket ,they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.Eve n if one didn't know from concrete examples(the1936 Olympic Games,for instance)that international sporting contes ts lead to orgies of hatred,one could deduce it from general pri nciples.Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive.You pl ay to win,and the game has little meaning unless you do your u tmost to win.On the village green,where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved,it is possible to play si mply for the fun and exercise:but as soon as the question of pr estige arises,as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose,the most savage combative instinct s are aroused.Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.At the international level sport is frankly mim ic warfare.But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the p layers but the attitude of the spectators:and,behind the specta tors,of the nations.who work themselves into furies over theseabsurd contests,and seriously believe--at any rate for short per iods--that running,jumping and kicking a ball are tests of nation al virtue.刘晓华********************8Lesson7BatsNot all sounds made by animals serve as language,and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the。

新概念英语第四册第一单元课文原文Lesson 1 Finding fossil man 发现化石人We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. (NCE Book Four)。

NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH (IV)(new version)2Lesson 1 Finding Fossil manWe can read of things that happened 5,000 years a go in the Near East, where people first learned t o write. But there are some parts of the world w here even now people cannot write. The only way t hat they can preserve their history is torecount i t as sagas--legends handed down from onegeneration of story-tellersto another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something ab outmigrations of people who lived long ago, but no ne could write down what they did.Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesianpeoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these peopleexpla in that some of them came from Indonesia about 2, 000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even theirsagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologistshave neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fo rtunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone , especially flint, becausethis is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used woodan d skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does n ot decay, and so the tools oflong ago have remain ed when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.3Lesson 2 Spare that spiderWhy, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends ? Because they destroy somany insects, and insect s include some of the greatest enemies of the hum anrace. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they woulddevour all our crop s and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protectionwe get from insect-eating animal s. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Mor eover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never dothe least harm to us or our belongin gs.Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.One can tell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legsand an insect never more than six. How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf ? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south o f England, andhe estimated that there were more th an 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the y ear in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill , but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated t hat the weight of all the insects destroyed by sp iders in Britain in one year would be greater tha n the total weight of all the human beings in th e country.T. H. GILLESPIE Spare that Spider from T he ListeneLesson 3 Matterhorn manModern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them goodsport, and the more dif ficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneeringdays, however, this was not the cas e at all. The early climbers were looking forthe easiest way to the top because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never be en attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dange rs of the most perilous nature, equipped in a man ner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their wa y to court such excitement. They had a single aim ,a solitary goal--the top!It is hard for us to re alize nowadays how difficult it was for the pionee rs. Exceptfor one or two places such as Zermatt a nd Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpi ne villages tended to beimpoverished settlements cut off from civilization b y the high mountains. Such inns as there were wer e generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers fo und shelter wherever they could--sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his pa rishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheesemakers . Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustome d to eatingseven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must hav e been very hard indeed.5Lesson 4 Seeing handsIn the Soviet Union several cases have been report ed recently of people who can read and detect col ours with their fingers, and even see through soli d doors and walls. One case concerns an 'eleven-ye ar-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vis ion but who can also perceive things with differen t parts of her skin, and through solid walls. Thi s ability was first noticed by her father. One da y she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe. Suddenly she asked her father why he kept so many old new spapers locked away there, and even described the way they were done up in bundles.Vera's curious ta lent was brought to the notice of a scientific re search institute in the town of UIyanovsk, near wh ere she lives, and in April she was given a seri es of tests by a special commission of the Minist ry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic. Duri ng these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, stranger still, by m oving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours pri nted on it; and, in another instance, wearing stoc kings and slippers, to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet. Other experiments showed that her knees a nd shoulders had a similar sensitivity. During all these tests Vera was blindfold; and, indeed, exce pt when blindfold she lacked the ability to percei ve things with her skin. lt was also found that although she could perceive things with her fingersthis ability ceased the moment her hands were we t.6Lesson 5 YouthPeople are always talking about' the problem of yo uth '. If there is one—which I take leave to do ubt--then it is older people who create it, not t he young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after al l human beings--people just like their elders. Ther e is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid futur e behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is . When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain--that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives yo u a certain identity, and that is one of the thi ngs the young are busily engaged in seeking. I fi nd young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to me an ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anx ious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link t hem with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were in some sense cosmic beings in vio lent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures . All that is in my mind when I meet a young p erson. He may be conceited, illmannered, presumptuou s of fatuous, but I do not turn for protection t o dreary clichés about respect for elders--as if m ere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as a n equal, if I think he is wrong.7Lesson 6 The sporting spiritI am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and t hat if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they wo uld have no inclination to meet on the battlefield . Even if one didn't know from concrete examples(the 1936Olympic Games, for instance) that international spor ting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are compet itive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no f eeling of local patriotism is involved, it is poss ible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit w ill be disgraced if you lose, the most savage com bative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warf are. But the significant thing is not the behaviou r of the players but the attitude of the spectato rs: and, behind the spectators, of the nations. wh o work themselves into furies over these absurd co ntests, and seriously believe--at any rate for shor t periods--that running, jumping and kicking a ballare tests of national virtue.刘晓华liuxiaohua72@ 8Lesson 7 BatsNot all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which thePeople are always talking about' the problem of yo uth '. If there is one—which I take leave to do ubt--then it is older people who create it, not t he young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after al l human beings--people just like their elders. Ther e is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid futur e behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is . When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain--that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the thi ngs the young are busily engaged in seeking. I fi nd young people exciting. They have an air of fre edom, and they have not a dreary commitment to me an ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anx ious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link t hem with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were in some sense cosmic beings in vio lent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures . All that is in my mind when I meet a young p erson. He may be conceited, illmannered, presumptuou s of fatuous, but I do not turn for protection t o dreary clichés about respect for elders--as if m ere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as a n equal, if I think he is wrong.7Lesson 6 The sporting spiritI am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and t hat if only the common peoples of the world couldmeet one another at football or cricket, they wo uld have no inclination to meet on the battlefield . Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936Olympic Games, for instance) that international spor ting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are compet itive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no f eeling of local patriotism is involved, it is poss ible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit w ill be disgraced if you lose, the most savage com bative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warf are. But the significant thing is not the behaviou r of the players but the attitude of the spectato rs: and, behind the spectators, of the nations. who work themselves into furies over these absurd co ntests, and seriously believe--at any rate for shor t periods--that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.刘晓华liuxiaohua72@ 8Lesson 7 BatsNot all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which thePeople are always talking about' the problem of yo uth '. If there is one—which I take leave to do ubt--then it is older people who create it, not t he young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after al l human beings--people just like their elders. Ther e is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid futur e behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is . When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain--that I was a new boy in ahuge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives yo u a certain identity, and that is one of the thi ngs the young are busily engaged in seeking. I fi nd young people exciting. They have an air of fre edom, and they have not a dreary commitment to me an ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anx ious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link t hem with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were in some sense cosmic beings in vio lent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures . All that is in my mind when I meet a young p erson. He may be conceited, illmannered, presumptuou s of fatuous, but I do not turn for protection t o dreary clichés about respect for elders--as if m ere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as a n equal, if I think he is wrong.7Lesson 6 The sporting spiritI am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and t hat if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they wo uld have no inclination to meet on the battlefield . Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936Olympic Games, for instance) that international spor ting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are compet itive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no f eeling of local patriotism is involved, it is poss ible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit w ill be disgraced if you lose, the most savage com bative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviou r of the players but the attitude of the spectato rs: and, behind the spectators, of the nations. wh o work themselves into furies over these absurd co ntests, and seriously believe--at any rate for shor t periods--that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.刘晓华liuxiaohua72@ 8Lesson 7 BatsNot all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the。

NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH (IV)(new version)2Lesson 1 Finding Fossil manWe can read of things that happened 5,000 years a go in the Near East, where people first learned t o write. But there are some parts of the world w here even now people cannot write. The only way t hat they can preserve their history is torecount i t as sagas--legends handed down from onegeneration of story-tellersto another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something ab outmigrations of people who lived long ago, but no ne could write down what they did.Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesianpeoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these peopleexpla in that some of them came from Indonesia about 2, 000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even theirsagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologistshave neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fo rtunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone , especially flint, becausethis is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used woodan d skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does n ot decay, and so the tools oflong ago have remain ed when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.3Lesson 2 Spare that spiderWhy, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends ? Because they destroy somany insects, and insect s include some of the greatest enemies of the hum anrace. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they woulddevour all our crop s and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protectionwe get from insect-eating animal s. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Mor eover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never dothe least harm to us or our belongin gs.Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.One can tell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legsand an insect never more than six. How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf ? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south o f England, andhe estimated that there were more th an 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the y ear in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill , but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated t hat the weight of all the insects destroyed by sp iders in Britain in one year would be greater tha n the total weight of all the human beings in th e country.T. H. GILLESPIE Spare that Spider from T he ListeneLesson 3 Matterhorn manModern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them goodsport, and the more dif ficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneeringdays, however, this was not the cas e at all. The early climbers were looking forthe easiest way to the top because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never be en attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dange rs of the most perilous nature, equipped in a man ner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their wa y to court such excitement. They had a single aim ,a solitary goal--the top!It is hard for us to re alize nowadays how difficult it was for the pionee rs. Exceptfor one or two places such as Zermatt a nd Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpi ne villages tended to beimpoverished settlements cut off from civilization b y the high mountains. Such inns as there were wer e generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers fo und shelter wherever they could--sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his pa rishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheesemakers . Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustome d to eatingseven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must hav e been very hard indeed.5Lesson 4 Seeing handsIn the Soviet Union several cases have been report ed recently of people who can read and detect col ours with their fingers, and even see through soli d doors and walls. One case concerns an 'eleven-ye ar-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vis ion but who can also perceive things with differen t parts of her skin, and through solid walls. Thi s ability was first noticed by her father. One da y she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe. Suddenly she asked her father why he kept so many old new spapers locked away there, and even described the way they were done up in bundles.Vera's curious ta lent was brought to the notice of a scientific re search institute in the town of UIyanovsk, near wh ere she lives, and in April she was given a seri es of tests by a special commission of the Minist ry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic. Duri ng these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, stranger still, by m oving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours pri nted on it; and, in another instance, wearing stoc kings and slippers, to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet. Other experiments showed that her knees a nd shoulders had a similar sensitivity. During all these tests Vera was blindfold; and, indeed, exce pt when blindfold she lacked the ability to percei ve things with her skin. lt was also found that although she could perceive things with her fingersthis ability ceased the moment her hands were we t.6Lesson 5 YouthPeople are always talking about' the problem of yo uth '. If there is one—which I take leave to do ubt--then it is older people who create it, not t he young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after al l human beings--people just like their elders. Ther e is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid futur e behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is . When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain--that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives yo u a certain identity, and that is one of the thi ngs the young are busily engaged in seeking. I fi nd young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to me an ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anx ious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link t hem with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were in some sense cosmic beings in vio lent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures . All that is in my mind when I meet a young p erson. He may be conceited, illmannered, presumptuou s of fatuous, but I do not turn for protection t o dreary clichés about respect for elders--as if m ere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as a n equal, if I think he is wrong.7Lesson 6 The sporting spiritI am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and t hat if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they wo uld have no inclination to meet on the battlefield . Even if one didn't know from concrete examples(the 1936Olympic Games, for instance) that international spor ting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are compet itive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no f eeling of local patriotism is involved, it is poss ible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit w ill be disgraced if you lose, the most savage com bative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warf are. But the significant thing is not the behaviou r of the players but the attitude of the spectato rs: and, behind the spectators, of the nations. wh o work themselves into furies over these absurd co ntests, and seriously believe--at any rate for shor t periods--that running, jumping and kicking a ballare tests of national virtue.刘晓华liuxiaohua72@ 8Lesson 7 BatsNot all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which thePeople are always talking about' the problem of yo uth '. If there is one—which I take leave to do ubt--then it is older people who create it, not t he young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after al l human beings--people just like their elders. Ther e is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid futur e behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is . When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain--that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the thi ngs the young are busily engaged in seeking. I fi nd young people exciting. They have an air of fre edom, and they have not a dreary commitment to me an ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anx ious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link t hem with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were in some sense cosmic beings in vio lent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures . All that is in my mind when I meet a young p erson. He may be conceited, illmannered, presumptuou s of fatuous, but I do not turn for protection t o dreary clichés about respect for elders--as if m ere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as a n equal, if I think he is wrong.7Lesson 6 The sporting spiritI am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and t hat if only the common peoples of the world couldmeet one another at football or cricket, they wo uld have no inclination to meet on the battlefield . Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936Olympic Games, for instance) that international spor ting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are compet itive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no f eeling of local patriotism is involved, it is poss ible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit w ill be disgraced if you lose, the most savage com bative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warf are. But the significant thing is not the behaviou r of the players but the attitude of the spectato rs: and, behind the spectators, of the nations. who work themselves into furies over these absurd co ntests, and seriously believe--at any rate for shor t periods--that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.刘晓华liuxiaohua72@ 8Lesson 7 BatsNot all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which thePeople are always talking about' the problem of yo uth '. If there is one—which I take leave to do ubt--then it is older people who create it, not t he young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after al l human beings--people just like their elders. Ther e is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid futur e behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is . When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain--that I was a new boy in ahuge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives yo u a certain identity, and that is one of the thi ngs the young are busily engaged in seeking. I fi nd young people exciting. They have an air of fre edom, and they have not a dreary commitment to me an ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anx ious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link t hem with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were in some sense cosmic beings in vio lent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures . All that is in my mind when I meet a young p erson. He may be conceited, illmannered, presumptuou s of fatuous, but I do not turn for protection t o dreary clichés about respect for elders--as if m ere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as a n equal, if I think he is wrong.7Lesson 6 The sporting spiritI am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and t hat if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they wo uld have no inclination to meet on the battlefield . Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936Olympic Games, for instance) that international spor ting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are compet itive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no f eeling of local patriotism is involved, it is poss ible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit w ill be disgraced if you lose, the most savage com bative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviou r of the players but the attitude of the spectato rs: and, behind the spectators, of the nations. wh o work themselves into furies over these absurd co ntests, and seriously believe--at any rate for shor t periods--that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.刘晓华liuxiaohua72@ 8Lesson 7 BatsNot all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the。

＄课文1 发现化石人1. We can read of things that happened 5，000 years ago in the Near East， where people first learned to write。

我们从书籍中可读到5，000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字.2。

But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write。

但直到现在，世界上有些地方，人们还不会书写。

3。

The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tales to another。

他们保存历史的唯一办法是将历史当作传说讲述，由讲述人一代接一代地将史实描述为传奇故事口传下来。

4。

These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago，这些传说是有用的，因为他们告诉我们很久以前生活在这里的移民的一些事情。

5。

but none could write down what they did。

但是没有人能写下来。

6. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from.人类学家过去不清楚如今生活在太平洋诸岛上的波利尼西亚人的祖先来自何方，7。

The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2，000 years ago。

Lesson 1 Finding fossil man第一课发现化石人by ROBIN PLACEfrom Finding fossil man1—1。

We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write。

【译文】我们能读到五千年前近东发生之事，那里的人最先学会了书写。

【单词和短语】read：此处为不及物动词，意为“读到，获悉”（to find out information from books,newspapers etc。

），后接of或about，例如:He reads about the war. 他读到关于战争的消息。

Did you read of their accident in the newspapers?你在报上看到他们遭遇意外事故的消息了么？5，000 years：五千年.另学习millennium,意为“一千年”，复数为millennia。

5，000 years 即为5 millennia。

the Near East：近东，指地中海东部沿岸地区，包括亚洲西南部和非洲东北部,有时还包括巴尔干半岛。

1—2。

But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write.【译文】但时至今日世上某些地方的人还不会书写.【单词和短语】even now:此处意为“甚至到现在”，例如:Even now he won't believe me. 他甚至到现在还不相信我。

even now另有两解,一为“就在此刻”，例如：Perhaps even now the time has arrived。

也许正是此刻时机来到了。

另一为“尽管这样，虽然情况如此”（in spite of what has happened）,例如：I have explained everything,but even now she doesn’t understand.我什么都解释了，但是尽管如此她还是不明白。

全册课文及翻译《新概念英语4》主要内容包括《新概念英语》是世界闻名的英语教程。

本版是《新概念英语4》一书出版30年来经作者亲自修订的唯一新版。

这套经典教材通过完整的英语学习体系，帮助学生掌握英语的4项基本技能——听、说、读、写，使学生能在学习中最大限度地发挥自己的潜能。

《新概念英语》（New Concept English）作为享誉全球的最为经典地道的英语教材，以其严密的体系性、严谨的科学性、精湛的实用性、浓郁的趣味性深受英语学习者的青睐，《新概念英语》在中国有40多年的历史，每年有数百万学习者，早已成为英语学习者的必选读物。

四册(流利英语)高级班----体味英语的精髓（Fluency in English）四册涵盖了文化、经济、哲学、艺术、体育、政治、美学、心理学、社会学、教育学、伦理学、天文学等三十多个学科门类，语言文字精美独到，句型结构复杂多变而又不失简洁酣畅。

同时诸多文章里蕴涵着深厚的哲思、美学及西方文化中独特的思维方式，这使得该教材成为每一位欲真正掌握英语语言精华的学习者不可多得、不可不学的教材。

教师将与你共同体味其中的奥妙。

完全掌握后，为雅思级别。

Lesson 1 Finding fossil man 发现化石人First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。

Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful?We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas2-- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations4of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.ROBIN6PLACE Finding fossil man我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。