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2011平谷初三二模试题及答案(word版 全)

2011平谷初三二模试题及答案(word版 全)
2011平谷初三二模试题及答案(word版 全)

平谷区2011年初三第二次统一练习

化学试卷2011.5

考生须知1.本试卷共8页,共四道大题,35个小题,满分80分。考试时间100分钟。2.在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、姓名和准考证号。

3.答案一律填写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。

4.考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1、C-12、O-16、Mg-24、Si-28、S-32、Cl-35.5、Ca-40 一、选择题(每小题只有一个选项符合题意。共25个小题,每小题1分,共25分)1.下列变化中没有新物质生成的是

A.石蕊遇碱变蓝 B.葡萄酿成红酒

C.白雪缓慢消融 D.食物在人体中消化

2、空气的成分中,体积分数约占21%的是

A.氧气

B.氮气

C.二氧化碳

D.稀有气体

3、下列常见物质中,属于纯净物的是

A.食醋 B.蒸馏水 C.酱油 D.豆浆

4、下列常见的医用溶液中,溶剂不是

..水的是

A.葡萄糖注射液B.消毒酒精C.生理盐水D.碘酒

5、下列物质中存在着氧分子的是

A.二氧化碳B.高锰酸钾C.液氧D.水

6、与元素化学性质关系最密切的是

A. 质子数

B. 中子数

C. 最外层电子数

D. 电子层数

7、我国湖南省郴州市盛产白钨矿石,这种矿石不仅富含国家稀缺的战略物资白钨,而且还富含着铅、锌、钼、铜等多种贵金属。其中的铅、锌、钼、铜是指

A.单质 B.元素 C.原子 D.分子

8、加油站、面粉加工厂、纺织厂和煤矿都有的图标是

A B C D

9、下列说法中,错误的是

A.“纯碱”不是碱B.“食盐”不是盐C.“水银”不是银D.“干冰”不是冰

自燃物品

10、下列属于磷肥的是

A.NH4NO3B.K2CO3C.Ca3(PO4)2D.KNO3

11、下列物质的用途中,与该物质的化学性质无关的是

作灭火剂

A. CO作燃料

B. CO

2

细粉作白色涂料 D. 酒精作燃料

C. CaCO

3

12、在加压条件下,25m3的石油气(含丙烷、丁烷等气体)可以装入0.024m3的钢瓶中,由此可以说明的是

A.分子的质量很小

B.分子由原子构成

C.分子之间有间隔

D.分子在不断地运动

13、下列实验操作错误的是

14、下列物质的化学式,书写错误的是

A.碳酸钙(CaCO3)B.碳酸钠(NaCO3)

C.氧化钙(CaO)D.氯化锌(ZnCl2)

15、人体内的一些液体的正常pH范围如下表,正常情况下,这些液体中一定呈酸性的是

血浆乳汁唾液胆汁胰液胃液pH范围7.35~7.45 6.6~7.6 6.6~7.1 7.1~7.3 7.5~8.0 0.9~1.5

A.胃液B.血液C.乳汁D.唾液

16、元素周期表是学习化学的重要工具,下图是元素周期表中的一格,下面从该图获取的信

息中,正确的是

A.该元素的原子序数为52 B.该元素属于非金属元素

C.该元素在地壳中的含量为52.00% D.该元素的原子有24个电

17、在我们每天扔掉的垃圾中,有很多是宝贵的再生资源,因此,生活中的垃圾要分类回收。下列物质中,属于可回收物的是①纸类②塑料③玻璃④金属

A. ①②③

B. ①③④

C. ②③④

D.①②③④

18、用氯化钠固体配制一定质量分数的氯化钠溶液,不需要

...用到的仪器是

A. B. C. D.

19、第29界奥运会“祥云”火炬使用的燃料是丙烷(C3H8),其燃烧的化学方程式为:

C3H8 + 5O2x CO2+ y H2O 其中x、y分别为

A.3 4 B.3 8 C.1 3 D.1 5

20、右图是我们熟悉的一种用途广泛的实验装置,但它不适宜

A. 排气取气法收集气体

B. 排水取气法收集气体

C. 除去CO中的CO

2

D. 作为气体爆炸实验的反应容器

21、中和反应在工农业生产和日常生活中有广泛的用途。下列应用与中和反应原理无关的是

A.施用熟石灰改良酸性土壤B.服用含Al(OH)3的药物治疗胃酸过多C.用熟石灰和纯碱作用制烧碱D. 用NaOH溶液洗涤石油产品中的残余硫酸22、下列各组物质投入水中,搅拌后能得到无色、澄清溶液的是

A.KNO

3、HCl、CuCl

2

B.HCl、Fe、Fe

2

O

3

C.Na

2CO

3

、NaCl、Ca(OH)

2

D.NaOH、KCl、H

2

SO

4

23、在硫酸铜溶液中加入一定量的锌粉和铁粉充分反应后,过滤可得到一些固体。向该固体中加入少量稀硫酸,可观察到有气体产生。下列对该固体的叙述正确的是

①一定有锌、②一定有铁、③一定有铜、④可能有锌、⑤可能有铁、⑥可能有铜

A.①、②、③B.②、③、④

C.③、④、⑤D.①、②、⑥

24、下列图像不能正确反映其对应操作的是

A B C D

在一定量的CaCl 2溶液中通入CO 2气体

等质量的Zn 和Mg 分别与等体积等质量分数的稀硫酸(足量)反应

向NaOH 溶液中逐滴加入稀盐酸

等质量CaCO 3分别与等体积等质量分数的稀盐酸(足量)反应

25、由Mg(OH)2和MgO 组成的混合物,测得其中含镁元素的质量分数为48%。取该混合

物10g ,将其投入适量的稀硫酸中恰好完全反应,所得溶液中溶质的质量为 A .12g B .24g C .36g D .48g 二、填空题(共30分) 26.(6分)化学与生活密切相关。

(1

)图一为某梳打饼干的营养成分表。已知人体所需六大类营养素,该表中没有列出的是___▲___;维生素D 有助于“钙”的吸收,这里的钙是指___▲___(填分子或元素)。 (2)人体缺钙可能引起___▲___(填字母)。 A .贫血 B .佝偻病 C .坏血病 D .骨质疏松 E . 软骨病

(3)图二为电解水的装置图。试管①连接电源的___▲___极;写出该反应的化学方程式___▲___。

(4)氢化镁(化学式为MgH 2)是一种贮氢合金,广泛应用于氢能汽车。它的固体可以和

水反应生成一种碱,同时释放出氢气,该反应的化学方程式是___▲___。 27、(6分)根据氯化钠和硝酸钾的溶解度表与溶解度曲线回答下列问题:

图一 图二

(1)B是___▲___的溶解度曲线。

(2)30℃时,氯化钠的溶解度___▲___(大于、小于或等于)硝酸钾的溶解度。

(3)欲使硝酸钾的不饱和溶液转化为饱和溶液,可以采取的方法之一是___▲___。

(4)硝酸钾中混有少量的氯化钠,想要得到纯净的硝酸钾的方法是___▲___。

(5)如右图所示,烧杯A中是饱和的氢氧化钙溶液,向烧杯B中加入生石灰后,烧杯A 中变浑浊,可能的原因是___▲___(填序号)

A.反应消耗水,氢氧化钙析出

B.反应放热,氢氧化钙溶解度降低

C.生石灰与水反应生成的氢氧化钙不再溶解

28.(6分)在宏观、微观和符号之间建立联系是化学学科的特点。

现有A、B、C、D四种物质,其微观示意图见下表。

物质 A B C D ——氢原子

——碳原子微观示意图

——氧原子

(1)1个B物质分子中有___▲___原子。

(2)上述物质中属于单质的是___▲___,属于有机物的是___▲___。[填写化学式]

(3)C物质中两种元素的质量比为___▲___。

(4)将一定质量的A、B、C、D四种物质放在一密闭的容器内中,在电火花作用下,发生充分反应,测得反应前后各物质的质量如下:

A B C D

反应前质量/ g 25 1 10 74

反应后质量/ g 9 37 a 10

其中,a值为___▲___,该反应的化学方程式中A与D的化学计量数之比为___▲___。29、(6分)金属的应用非常广泛。

(1)生活中常用铁锅炒菜,主要利用了铁的性质是(填序号)___▲___。

A.导热性B.导电性C.延展性D.有金属光泽

(2)炒菜的铁锅用水清洗后放置经常会出现锈斑。铁锅生锈的原因是___▲___。

(3)写出铁和硫酸铜溶液反应的化学方程式___▲___。

(4)工业上,常在高温下用一氧化碳把铁从铁矿石中还原出来。若用赤铁矿(主要成分为氧化铁)冶炼铁,写出发生反应的化学方程式___▲___。

(5)黄铜酷似黄金,不法分子常用它进行诈骗,其主要成分是铜锌合金。请你用化学方法区别黄铜与黄金,方法是___▲___。

30.(6分)A ~ G 是初中化学常见的7种物质,它们在一定条件下转化关系如下图所示(部分反应物或生成物已略去)。请针对以下两种情况回答问题。

⑴若C 、G 都

能与同一物质反应,其

中生成的E 为单质、F 为化合物,则E 、F 的化学式分别为___▲___、___▲___;写出

反应②的化学方程式___▲___。

⑵若②③为同一反应,④为化合反应。A ~ G 均为化合物且B 、C 、D 由两种元素组成,则E 、F 的化学式分别为___▲___、___▲___;写出反应⑤的化学方程式___▲___。 三、实验题(共19分)

31、(6分)下图是实验室中用于制取和收集气体的装置图,请回答以下问题:

(1)写出上图中标号①仪器的名称:___▲___。

⑵用高锰酸钾制取氧气,发生装置选择___▲___(填字母序号,下同),反应的化学方程式为___▲___。

⑶实验室制取二氧化碳,应选用的固体药品是___▲___,收集装置选择___▲___。 ⑷右图是某同学放置在桌面上的一瓶无色纯净气体,已知它可能是氧气或二氧化碳,用化学方法确定该气体的方法是___▲___(写出一种方法即可) 。

32、(共5分)某小组用碳酸钠和石灰乳来制备烧碱,反应结束后滤去沉淀,将滤液蒸干得到粗产品。小组同学按以下实验流程对粗产品的纯度进行分析。

A .粗产品 B.饱和NaHCO

3

溶液 C. D. NaOH (1)实验资料:二氧化碳在饱和碳酸氢钠溶液中几乎不溶解。

(2)操作步骤:

①称量装置D的质量为m

1

克;

②连接好装置,检查气密性;

③将过量的浓盐酸慢慢滴加到盛有粗产品的锥形瓶中,直至无气泡冒出;

④再次称量装置D的质量为m

2克(m

1

﹤m

2

;假设产生的气体均被装置D吸收)。

(3)根据上述实验,回答下列问题:

①粗产品中一定有___▲___;一定没有___▲___。

②C中的试剂为___▲___(填物质的名称)。

③该方案测得烧碱的纯度比理论值偏小,请分析“偏小”的原因___▲___。

33.(8分)小丽去爷爷家,发现爷爷买了一台氧立得便携式制氧器,她仔细阅读了所用制氧剂的说明

对制氧剂产生了兴趣。

【提出问题】A剂的主要成分和B剂的作用各是什么?

【查阅资料】过碳酸钠(化学式2Na2CO3·3H2O2)俗称固体双氧水,白色结晶颗粒。过碳酸钠溶于水或受热时,分解生成碳酸钠和过氧化氢,是很好的固体氧释放剂。【做出猜想】猜想Ⅰ:A剂可能是过碳酸钠。

猜想Ⅱ:B剂的作用是催化作用。

【设计实验】请你帮助小丽完成下列实验报告。

验证猜想Ⅰ

主要操作步骤主要实验现象实验结论

实验①如左图,取少量A剂放入试管中,

加水溶解,

然后___▲___。生成大量气体

___▲___。___▲___。

氧氧立得复方制氧剂

A剂:固体氧释放剂。

B剂:不溶于水的固体,保证出氧速率稳定。

1.用法与用量:将A剂、B剂先后放入装好水的

氧立得制氧器反应仓中,通过导管和鼻塞吸氧。

2.规格:A剂:50g/包B剂:3g/包

氧立得便携式制氧器

反应仓

实验②

另取少量A 剂放入试管中,加水溶解,然后将所得溶液倒入另一只装有少量二氧化锰的试管中。 稍后将带火星的木条放在试管口

生成大量气体 此气体使带火星的木条复燃 ___▲___。

综合上述①、②的实验结果分析,得出初步结论:A 剂的主要成分是过碳酸钠 验证猜想Ⅱ 实验步骤

实验现象

解释或结论

实验③

将一包A 剂和一包B 剂放在盛有水的制氧仓中,制完氧之后,取出剩

余物,过滤、洗涤、干燥、称重。

称得固体质量为3g ___▲___。

实验④

___▲___。

产生大量气体,该气体使带火星的木条复燃

___▲___。

综合上述③、④的实验结果分析,得出结论:B 剂的作用是催化作用

【反思拓展】请你针对制氧剂的保存或反应后的剩余物的处理提一条合理化建议:___▲___。 四、计算题(共6分)

34.(3分)硅(Si )是太阳能电池和电脑芯片中不可缺少的材料。硅生产过程中的一个重要化学反应为SiO 2 + 2C 高温

Si + 2CO ↑。若生产5.6 g 硅,理论上需要二氧化硅(SiO 2)

多少克?

35、(3分)有一种石灰石样品的成分是CaCO 3和SiO 2。课外小组同学将100 g 盐酸分5次加入到35 g 石灰石样品中(已知SiO 2不与盐酸反应),得到如下部分数据;

欲将第5次实验后的溶液配成10%的CaCl 2溶液,可先向此溶液中加入足量的石灰石粉末,完全反应后过滤,请计算:这时还需要向滤液中加入水多少克?(假设实验过程中溶液损失忽略不计)

次数

第1次 第2次 第3次 第4次 第5次 加入盐酸的质量/g

20

20

20

20

20

剩余固体的质量/g 30 25 20 15 15

化学试卷参考答案及评分标准 2011.6

一、选择题(每小题只有1个选项符合题意。共25个小题,每小题1分,共25分。)

题号 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 C D B A B C D C B B 题号

1l 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 B C C D C C A D A D 题号 21 22 23 24 25 答案

C

C

A

D

A

说明:除特别注明外,每空1分。其他合理答案参照本标准给分。 二、填空题(26~30小题,共30分。)

26.(6分)(1)4 钙 酸 (2)氢气 2H 2O === O 2↑+2H 2↑(3)BD 27.(6分)(1)原子 (2)二氧化碳

(3)4 72∶11 (4)①4∶1 ② bd

28.(6分)(1)作氮肥(答化肥得分) 盐 (2) 漏斗、玻璃棒 烧杯 b→c →a

(3)CaSO 4+2NH 3+CO 2+H 2O =CaCO 3+(NH 4)2SO 4(2分)

29.(6分)(1)② (2)3Fe +4H 2O(气) Fe 3O 4 +4H 2 置换

(3)FeSO 4、ZnSO 4 (4)BD (2分)

30.(6分)(1) Fe 3O 4 Fe 2O 3+ 3H 2SO 4 = Fe 2(SO 4)3+ 3H 2O (写氧化铁与盐酸反应等可得分)

(2)Cu 2(OH)2CO 3+ 4HCl =2CuCl 2 +CO 2↑+3H 2O 2NaOH + CO 2=Na 2CO 3+H 2O (3)熟石灰或消石灰 2NaOH+ H 2SO 4=Na 2SO 4+2H 2O 三、实验题(31~33小题,共19分。)

31.(5分)(1)蜡烛由低到高逐次熄灭 不燃烧也不支持燃烧

(2)温度要达到可燃物的着火点和需要接触氧气 (3)充分消耗空气中的氧气 4P+5O 2 2P 2O 5 32.(7分)

(1)①甲→乙→戊→丁→丙 (2分,有错不得分)

②产生CO 气体,排尽装置内的空气,防止加热爆炸 除去CO 中的甲酸气体 ③红色粉末变成黑色 Fe 2O 3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO 2

(2)不正确,未反应的氧化铁与盐酸反应生成氯化铁溶液,氯化铁溶液与生成的铁反应,

溶液也可变为浅绿色。 33.(7分)

实验操作 实验现象

实验结论及分析

一定不含 硫酸铜 ,

CaO+H 2O=Ca(OH)2

Na 2CO 3+ Ca(OH)2=CaCO 3↓+2NaOH

溶液由红色变为无色,

高温 === 点燃 === 高温 === 通电

有气泡生成

综合甲、乙两组同学的分析:

(1)CaCO 3+ 2HCl =CaCl 2 + H 2O+ CO 2↑

(2)Na 2CO 3 、NaCl 、CaCO 3、NaOH 或Na 2CO 3 、NaCl 、CaCO 3、CaO (2分) 四、计算题(34~35小题,共6分) 34.(3分) 解:设生成H 2O 的质量为x 。

2CH 3OH + 3O 2 + 4NaOH == 2Na 2CO 3 + 6H 2O 64 108

3.2 g x -----------------------------------1分

64∶108 =3.2 g ∶x ---------------------------------------------------------1分

x = 5.4 g ------------------------------------------------------1分

答:能生成 5.4 g 的H 2O 。

35.(3分)解:设参加反应的Na 2CO 3的质量为x ,生成Na 2SO 4的质量为y ,

生成CO 2的质量为z 。

Na 2CO 3 + H 2SO 4 = Na 2SO 4 + H 2O+ CO 2↑

106 98 142 44 x 98 g ×20% y z

x =21.2 g y=28.4 g z=8.8 g --------------------------------------------1分 原固体混合物中Na 2CO 3质量为:21.2 g-84 g ×10%=12.8 g

Na 2SO 4总质量为:28.4 g+(18 g-12.8 g)=33.6 g --------------------------------------------1分 反应后所得溶液中硫酸钠的质量分数为:

----------------------------------------------1分

答:反应后所得溶液中硫酸钠的质量分数为17.6%

33.6g

×100%=17.6%

18 g+98 g+84 g-8.8 g

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