大学英语2课程教案
Unit 10 Green Fatigue
Teaching Content：Green Fatigue
Lesson Type: Intensive Reading (New Standard College English Book 1)
Total Time: 4.5 Hours
Class/Object : Freshman (the Second term)
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1Starting Point(10mins)
Group discussion: What is the most important threats and changes to the environment. Free talking: What will you do for protecting the environment？
Step 2Reading Task
1.Introductory remarks (10mins)
1) Background information:
Since at least the 1970s people have been aware of environmental issues, but in recent years widespread concern has focused more on climate change and global warming. Climate change is one result of global warming, and has serious potential consequences. It could cause ice caps to melt, which would lead to a rise in sea levels, which in turn could endanger coastal cities. Climate change could also cause increases in droughts, floods, storms and cyclones, which could affect water supplies and lead to an increase in deserts and a decrease in harvests, and thus food shortages. So environmental awareness is important for everyone.
2)Environmental awareness
It means that people are aware of their impact on the environment. This includes an awareness of major environmental issues, such as climate change, global warming, pollution, recycling and energy-saving, and the role of people in them. Environmentally-aware people have some knowledge of possible solutions and make commitment to practical action towards solutions. This commitment is often called “green”. If businesses use a green label, they try to show that they support the protection of the environment. The meaning of environmental awareness has become broader as people have come to understand the complexity of environmental problems and the impact of people on the environment
3) carbon footprint
The carbon footprint is a measure of the direct contribution of carbon from energy use. The element carbon is added to the earth’s atmosphere by the use of energy in lighting,
heating or cooling houses, cooking, driving cars, flying planes and other human activities. This has an impact on the environment and affects climate change because it adds to greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming. Indirect carbon emissions from manufacturing and transport also create a carbon footprint. By measuring the carbon footprint we can get an idea of what each of us contributes to the climate change and what effect our actions may have on lowering the footprint, or reducing carbon emissions.
Step 3 Comprehending the text (15mins)
1. Do exercise 1(on page 16) before reading the text.
2. Do exercise 2(on page 18) and exercise 6(on page 19) after reading the text as
quickly as possible.
Step 4 Language Points and Difficult Sentences (130mins)
Language Points
1. fatigue n. [U] the feeling that you have done a particular activity for so long that you
no longer want to do it （长期做某事引起的）疲劳，疲倦
e.g.
1) Driver fatigue was to blame for the accident.
这个事故是驾驶员疲劳所致。
2) I was dropping with fatigue and could not keep my eyes open.
我快要累倒了，眼睛也睁不开了。
3) The old lady can't bear the fatigue of a long journey.
老太太不能忍受长途旅行的疲劳。
2. environmental a.
1) intended to help or protect the environment环境保护的
e.g. Environmental awareness has increased over the years.
这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。
2) relating to the natural world and the effect that human activity has on it 自然环境的
e.g. Environmental change has already set off some migration.
环境的变化已开始引发部分人口迁移了。
Word family:
1). environment n.
2). environmentalist n.
3). environmentalism n.
4).environmentally ad in a way that affects the environment or is related to it
影响环境地；与环境相关地
e.g .(1).Building the proposed new road would be environmentally
damaging.
修筑那条拟建的新公路会对环境造成破坏。
(2). She claimed that nuclear power was the most environmentally
safe form of energy.
她声称核能是最环保的能源。
5). environmentally friendly a. 对环境无害的
e.g. As an agricultural crop, sunflowers are extremely environmentally friendly.
3. panel n.[C] a flat piece of wood, glass, or other material that forms part of
something such as a door or wall（门、墙、栅栏等的）镶板，嵌板
e.g. a ceiling with carved panels带刻花镶板的天花
4. solar panel n. [C]a piece of equipment that uses energy from the Sun to create
power for a building太阳能电池板
5. short-haul a. travelling or carrying people or goods over a short distance,
especially by air（飞机航程）短距离的，短途的
e.g. A short-haul domestic flight is commonly categorized into being no longer
than 500 mi (800 km) 1.5 hours in length. 短途国内航班通常分类为距离
不超过500英里（800公里），时间不超过一个半小时。
6. just for once(spoken) used for saying that you would like something to happen
on this occasion, even thought it does not usually happen.难得一次
e.g. It would be nice if, just for once, the two of you could get on with
each other.
7. abandon vt. 抛弃，放弃
e.g.In his early days, he abandoned medicine for literature.他早年弃医学文。
Abandon an attempt 放弃尝试
8. principle n.
1). 原则
e.g. a matter of principle 原则性问题
2). 原理
e.g. These two instruments work on the same principle. 这两种仪器的
工作原理是一样的。
Note:principal
1). a. 主要的，首要的，最重要的
e.g. the principal points 要点
2). n. 首长，校长
e.g. a lady principal 女校长
9. compassion n. [U] a feeling of sympathy for someone who is suffering, and a desire
to help them 怜悯，同情
e.g.
1) My mother is a woman of great compassion.我妈妈是个富有同情心的女人。
2) Her heart was filled with compassion for the motherless children. 她对于没有
母亲的孩子们充满了怜悯心。
Word family:
compassionate a. compassionately ad.
10. term n.
1). 术语，措辞
e.g. a medical term 医学术语
in plain terms 以简明的措辞
2). 期限，期，学期
e.g. serve one’s term service 服规定的服兵役
autumn term 秋季学期
11. disillusionment n.[U] the state of make someone realize that something which
they thought was true or good is not really true or good
醒悟；不抱幻想；理想破灭
e.g. 1).The high abstention rate at the election reflected the voters' growing
disillusionment with politics. 选举时很高的弃权率反应了选民对政治的日
益失望。
2). The two famous movie stars’ divorce caused widespread disillusionment among
young people. 这两个电影明星的离异在年轻人中普遍引起失望。
Word family:disillusion v. & n.
1) n. [U]disappointment resulting from the discovery that something is not as good
as one believed it to be 醒悟；不抱幻想；理想破灭
2) v. make someone disappointed by showing them that someone or something is not
as good as they had believed（使）醒悟；（使）不抱幻想；（使）理想破灭
e.g. She still believes in Santa Claus and it would be cruel to disillusion her.
她仍然相信有圣诞老人，要是使她这一幻想破灭就于心不忍了。12. famine n.[C, U] a situation in which a large number of people have little or no
food for a long time and many people die 饥荒
e.g. When famine strikes, it is often women and children who suffer the
most. 当饥荒来临，通常女性和儿童受害最深。
13. appeal v. 呼吁，要求
e.g. appeal to somebody for something 为谋事向某人呼吁
appeal to somebody to do something 呼吁某人做某事
Note: appear v.
1). 出现，显露，
e.g. In 1949, new China appeared in the world.
1949 年，新中国出现在世界舞台上。
2). 看来，好像
e.g. Everybody appears (to be) well prepared. 看来大家都准备好了。
It appears to me that…. 据我看来….,
14. committed a. loyal to a belief, organization, or group, and willing to work hard
for it 忠诚的，尽责的
e.g. They are committed socialists.
他们是坚定的社会主义者。
Antonym:uncommitted a.
Note: commit v. 犯（错，罪），干（坏事，傻事）
e.g. commit a mistake 犯错
15. campaigner n. [C] a person who leads or takes part in a series of actions intended
to achieve a particular result 参加（或发起）运动的人，活动家
e.g.an old / veteran / seasoned campaigner (= a person with a lot of
experience of a particular activity) 有经验的活动家
Word family:campaign n.活动
16. irrelevant a. not important or not relevant to what you are discussing or doing
不重要的，无意义的：不相关的
e.g. 1). What you say is irrelevant to the subject. 你所说的与主题无关。
2). Students viewed Latin as boring and irrelevant.学生们认为拉丁语枯燥又无用。
Antonym: relevant a. 相关的
17. threat n.
1) [C, U] (~ to) a situation or an activity that could cause harm or danger
危害；威胁
e.g. The use of nuclear weapons is a horrible threat to the species. 核武器对
人类是一个严重威胁。
2) [C] an occasion when someone says that they will cause you harm or problems,
especially if you do not do what they tell you to do 恐吓；威胁
e.g.He would not make threats he wasn’t prepared to carry out.他不会作出不
付诸行动的威胁。
18. pose
1).vt. to create a difficult or dangerous situation
造成，导致(困难或危险)
e.g. We are being told that the accident poses no threat to the environment.
我们被告知这个事故没有造成对环境的威胁。
2). vi．to sit or stand somewhere so that someone can take a photograph of you
or paint a picture of you (为照相或画像)摆姿势
e.g. The leaders posed briefly for photographs before returning to the
conference hall.在回到会议厅前，领队们简单地摆了个姿势照张像。19. Euro n. [C] (pl. euros or euro) (also Euro) the single European currency adopted in
1999 by eleven countries in the European Union (Belgium, Austria, Finland, Spain, Ireland, Portugal, Germany, France, Netherlands, Italy, Luxembourg) as an alternative currency in noncash transactions. In 2002 it replaced the national currencies of twelve member countries (the original eleven, plus Greece). (symbol:€)欧元
20. solution n. [C] (to / for) a way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult
situation 解决方法
e.g. 1). We haven’t come out a quick solution for dealing with the paper shortage.
我们还没想出迅速解决纸张短缺的办法。
2). There are no simple solutions to the problem of overpopulation. 没有能够简
单地解决人口过剩问题的办法。
Word family: solve v.
21. complicated a.
1) difficult to understand or deal with 复杂的，难办的
e.g. They had to begin the complicated task of sorting out his legal affairs.
他们不得不着手理顺他复杂的法律事务。
2) consisting of many closely related or connected parts(=complex)
结构复杂的
e.g. The human brain is an incredibly complicated organ. 人脑是结构极其复
杂的器官。
22. controversy n.[C, U] (~ over about) a disagreement, especially about a public
policy or a moral issue that a lot of people have strong feelings
about （尤指关于公共政策或首先问题的）争论；争议
e.g. There was a bitter controversy about/over the siting of the new airport last
year. 去年对新机场选址问题有剧烈的争论。
Word family:controversial a. 有争议的
e.g. a controversial person /decision /organization/book有争议的人物/ 决
定/ 组织/ 书
23. take action to begin to do something to solve a particular problem
采取行动
e.g. We urge the authorities to take action.
24. sceptical a.(about) (AmE skeptical) tending to doubt or not believe what other
people tell you 持怀疑态度的，不相信的
e.g.They remained openly sceptical about her promises of improvement.
对她要进行改进的承诺，他们仍然公开表示怀疑。
25. celebrity n. [C] a famous person, especially in entertainment or sport （尤指娱乐
界、体育界的）名人，名流
e.g. Lots of celebrities were at the film premiere. 许多名人出席了电影的首
映式。
26. ensure vt. make it certain that something will happen
保证，担保
e.g.The book ensured her success. 那本书确定了她的成就。
Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night. 夜间请务必
将所有的灯关掉。
27. criticize v.
1) express your disapproval of someone or something, or to talk about their faults
批评，批判；指责
e.g. Doctors have criticized the government for failing to invest enough in the
health service. 医生们指责政府未在医疗服务方面投入资金不足。
2) vt. consider something carefully and judge what the good and bad aspects of it
are 评价；评论
e.g.a literary text may be criticized on two grounds: the semantic and the
expressive. 文学作品可以从两方面评价：语义方面和表现力方面。28. credibility n. [U] the quality of deserving to be believed and trusted
可靠性，可信性.
e.g.
There are serious questions about the credibility of these reports. 这些报告的
可靠性有很大疑问。
Prediction of a storm have now lost all credibility. 对风暴的预言现在已完
全失去可信度。
Word family: credible a.
Antonym: incredible a.incredibility n.
29. bring/ call/ throw something into question
to make people doubt something 使某人对某事产生疑问
e.g. New evidence has called into question the testimony of this witness.新的
证据引起了对为的试验经费的怀疑。
30. sustainable a.
1) able to continue without causing damage to the environment
不损害环境的，可持续发展的
e.g.Ways of living more sustainably can take many forms from reorganizing
living conditions. 可以采取许多形式来重组生活状况，以便令生活方式
更加合理（不破坏生态平衡）。
The government should do more to promote sustainable agriculture.
政府应在促进可持续的农业发展方面做出更多努力。
2) an action or process that is sustainable can continue or last for a long time
能长期保持的，能持续的
e.g. sustainable economic growth / recovery 可持续经济增长/ 复苏
Word family: sustain v.
31. invest v.v.
1) (-in) give money to a company, business, or bank, in order to get a profit
投资，入股
e.g. invest (one’s money) in a business enterprise 把（自己的钱）投资一企业
2) use a lot of time, effect etc in order to make something succeed
投入（大量时间、精力等以成就某事）
e.g. invest all one's efforts in passing an exam 为考试及格而全力以赴Word family: investment n.
32. offset vt. (-tt-; pt, pp offset)if something such as a cost or sum of money offsets
another cost, sum etc. or is offset against it, it has an opposite effect so
that the situation remains the same
补偿，抵消
e.g.He put up his prices to offset the increased cost of materials. 他提高了
售价以补偿材料成本的增加。
Their wage increases would be offset by higher prices. 他们增加的工资
会被物价上涨所抵消。
33. emission n.[C] an amount of gas or other substance that a machine or factory
produces and sends into the air
（机器或工厂的）排气；排放物
e.g. The government has pledged to clean up industrial emissions. 政府
承诺要净化工业排放物。
Word family: emit v.
34. throw money at
try to solve a problem by spending a lot of money
试图用钱解决某事
e.g.He’s trying to throw money at it.他企图花钱解决这件事。
It is no use throwing money at it. 用钱解决不了这个问题。
throw money around: 大手大脚地花钱（以显阔气），乱花钱
He throws his money around on expensive luxuries.他乱花钱购买昂贵
的奢侈品。
35. go away To stop existing or being noticeable 消失
e.g. The pain should go away in a couple of hours. 两小时后就不疼了。
36. be faced with /by: to have to deal with the problem which is likely to affect you面临
e.g. The country is now faced with the threat of a war.这个国家现正面临着
战争的威胁。
37. apocalyptic a.
describing or expecting a time when very bad things will happen or the world will be destroyed 预示大灾难的；预言世界末日的
e.g. The movie presents us with an apocalyptic vision of the future. 这部电影
为我们呈现了预言中未来的灾难景象。
38. endanger vt.
1). put someone or something in a dangerous situation where they can be hurt,
damaged, or destroyed 危及，危害
e.g. Smoking endangers your health. 吸烟危害健康。
2). endangered species n.濒危物种
e.g. The giant panda is an endangered species, i.e. is in danger of becoming
extinct. 大熊猫是面临绝种危险的动物
39. scale n.[sing, U] the size of something, especially when it is big
（尤指大的事物的）大小；规模
e.g.No one foresaw the scale of the disaster. 无人预见到灾难的程度。
The scale of his spending 50,000 in a year amazed us all. 他开销
之大—仅一年就5万英镑，把我们都吓了一跳。
small-scale a.较小规模的；较小的
e.g. a small-scale pilot plant 小规模的试验工厂
40. community n.
1) the people who live in an area；relating to a community or to the people in it
社区；社区居民（的）
e.g. We visited the Chinese community in San Francisco. 我们访问了旧金山的
华人社区。
2) the community society and the people in it （总称）社会；公众
e.g. He did it for the good of the community. 他为了公众的利益而做这件事。
41. make a difference: have an important effect on something, especially a good effect
产生重大影响（尤指好的影响）
e.g. This decision will certainly make a difference to my job. 这个决定将对我
的工作产生影响。
42. equivalent n.& a.
1) n. [C] (- of) someone or something that has the same size, value, importance, or
meaning as someone or something else 相等物；等值物
e.g.Is there a French word that is the exact equivalent of the English word
“home”? 法语中有没有和英语home完全一样的对应词?
2) a. with the same size, value, importance, or meaning as something else
相等的；等值的；同义的
e.g. Changing her job like that is equivalent to giving her the sack. 那样调
换她的工作等于是解雇她。
43. release v.释放，解放
e.g. release the productive force 解放生产力
release somebody from….赦免，免除
44. above all:
used to say that something is more important than anything else
首先，首要的是
e.g. Above all he was a first-rate mathematician. 他首先是一位一流的数学家。C
f.above all things (everything): 比什么都重要的是，最最
e.g. He longed, above everything, to be quite alone with her.
他最最渴望的是与她单独相处。
45.one-size-fits-all a.(infml)
a one-size-fits-all attitude, method, plan etc is designed to please everyone or
be suitable for every situation, often with the result that it is not successful
（系统或解决方法）通用的
e.g. a one-size-fits-all public education program 一个通用的公共教学课程
One-size-fits-all clothes are designed so that people of any size can wear
them. 统一尺寸的服装适合各种体格的人穿着。
46. peer
1). n. 同等的人，同等地位的公民
e.g. a jury of somebody’s peers 与某人同等地位的公民组成的陪审团。
2). v i.
(1). 凝视，盯着看
e.g. peer at the traffic lights 注视着交通灯
(2). 隐约出现，出现
e.g. The sun peered through a vast cloud.太阳从大块云朵中隐约出现。
47. setback n.[C] a problem that delays or that stops progress or makes a situation
worse 挫折；障碍
e.g.The recent crime figures are a major setback for the law and order reforms.
最近的犯罪率使法治改革严重受挫。
He has found out the serious setback to his chances of re-election. 他已经
找到妨碍他再次当选的绊脚石。
Difficult Sentences
1.… “compassion fatigue” was a term generated to describe a gene ral disillusionment with fundraising concerts for Africa and famine appeals.
1).The term compassion fatigue was generated to describe what happened to charities. People seemed to be tired of giving money because they felt that charities were not as good as they had thought. They were disappointed because music concerts to encourage donations of money to help the poor in Africa and other appeals to stop famine did not seem to solve the problems, or perhaps they thought there were too many such concerts and appeals
2).The word famine refers to a serious lack of food that continues for a long time and causes many people in a country to become ill or die. Famine relief means “organized efforts from governments, charities or other organizations to improve the si tuation”.
2. For similar reasons, “green fatigue” has started to occur in conversations today.
Green fatigue is a similar idea to compassion fatigue. It means that people become tired, disillusioned or cynical about environmental issues because of too much publicity or too many appeals about them. Both terms seem slightly cynical. True compassion or real awareness of green issues would surely never be exhausted.
3. Even the use of celebrities may not always bring the advantages their fame would otherwise ensure.
Charities and fund-raising concerts usually involve famous people because they think if famous people support something, then more people will be encouraged to give their support. This is similar to the idea of “product endorsement”, where celebrit ies are used in commercial adverts to draw attention and help to sell something. However, with charity fatigue the fame of celebrity supporters does not necessarily have the desired effect.
4.The carbon footprint created by the celebrities who took part in the Live Earth concerts in 2007 led to a cool response from the public …
The term cool response refers to a small or tiny reaction, the opposite of warm/enthusiastic response.
5.… there are many projects which allow people to buy trees for sustainable pla ntations …
The word sustainable means “capable of continuing for a long time at the same level or rate”. Sustainable plantations are forests (or crop farms) which are managed in a way that does not harm the environment and have a long-term future. Sustainable solutions and sustainable development also pay attention to continuity and the environment.
6.… if you throw money at a problem …
To throw money at a problem means to give a lot of money to something, even when other people think that a financial solution is not enough and so the money is wasted. 7.Faced with yet another apocalyptic story of melting ice shelves …
Apocalypse is another name given to the last book in the Bible which describes a time when the whole world will be destroyed. As a metaphor, the word apocalyptic describes very serious damage or destruction in the future.
8.There are no quick one-size-fits-all solutions.
A one-size-fits-all solution is a negative assessment of a single solution which is supposed to work in varying circumstances or with different people.
9. We need the support and the peer group pressure of like-minded people …
A peer group is a group of people of roughly equal status or age or rank. Such a group, especially people with similar interests or opinions, can influence your behaviour (especially among children or young people) so that you feel persuaded or forced to do something.
10.“Think local, act global” seems to be the message.
The slogan “Think local, act global” is an appeal to ecological awareness to help everyone to think (and therefore act) appropriately in local contexts, but to act with global awareness, ie in a way that harmonizes with the ecology of the planet and the universal needs of people around the world.
Step 5 Exercises in Text on page 18-19, 22-25 (50mins)
Step 6 Questions about the text for discussion(15minus)
1. What did the writer’s friend tell him he had decided to do?
He had decided to take a short-haul flight.
2. How did he explain his decision?
He explained that just for once he was going to abandon his green principles because it was quicker and cheaper to fly, and nobody else seemed to be doing much about the environment anyway.
3.How did John Travolta give the wrong message about the environment?
The passage says he was trying to bring a green message to people in Britain, but he came in a large private jet. This would contribute more to global warming than a normal flight.
4. In what situations are people ready to accept new ideas and products?
People accept new ideas and products more easily if they are not required to change their ways very much.
5.How can shopping locally help the environment?
Shopping locally can help the environment because it lowers your carbon footprint.
6. How much energy does recycling a glass jar save?
Recycling a glass jar saves enough energy to light a 100-watt bulb for four hours. Step 7 Guided Writing (30mins)
Writing a short passage about a traditional way of caring for the environment in China
Step 8 Assignments
1. Students’book on Page130: Exercise 4－7; Page136 Exercise1－7
2. Read Active reading 2 and do exercise on Page 134 Exercise 2－6
3. Oral English Practice: Say about the life we live
4. General review
Unit 1 Part Ⅱ Reading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)respectable 2)agony 3)put down 4)sequence 5)hold back 6)distribute 7)off and on 8)vivid 9)associate 10)finally 11)turn in 12)tackle 2. 1)has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. 2)was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. 3)a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’time. 4)gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5)buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. 1)reputation; rigid; to inspire 2)and tedious; What’s more; out of date ideas 3)compose; career; avoid showing; hardly hold back Ⅱviolating Ⅲ;in upon Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze back; tedious; scanned; recall; vivid; off and on; turn out/in; career ; surprise; pulled; blowing; dressed; scene; extraordinary; image; turn; excitement ⅡTranslation As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2)His girlfriend advised him to get out of /get rid of his bad habits of smoking before it took hold. 3)Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4)It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. /Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5)It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 2.Susan lost her legs because of/in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye/she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be able to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Part ⅡReading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)absolutely 2)available 3)every now and then 4)are urging/urged 5)destination 6)mostly 7)hangs out 8)right away 9)reunion 10)or something 11)estimate 12)going ahead 2. 1)in the examination was still on his mind. 2)was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game. 3)was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner. 4)has come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time. 5)of equipping the new hospital was estimated at﹩2 million. 3. 1)were postponed; the awful; is estimated 2)reference; not available; am kind of 3)not much of a teacher; skips; go ahead Ⅱ;on Ⅲor less of/sort of 4. kind of/sort of 5. more or less 6. or something Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze up; awful; practically; neighborhood; correspondence; available; destination; reunion; Mostly; postponing; absolutely ; savings; embarrassment; phone; interrupted; touch; envelope; signed; message; needed ⅡHalf an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home. 2)Mary looks as if she is very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by
3.Many products for sale seem to scream at us, "Buy me! Buy me!" Advertising is a big busin ess in our world with many products competing for our attention. Think of the last time you boug ht clothes. You probably noticed the variety of colors, patterns, fabrics and brands you could choo se from. Which kind of soft drink would you like to have today or what kind of computer do you want? Advertisers are skilled in the art of making their products look the best to appeal to our se nses. But products aren't always what they seem. Sometimes advertising is deceptive and as cons umers ,we must be careful about what we choose to buy. It is important to learn to compare prod ucts and identify our purpose in purchasing the things we need. But the good thing about advertising is that it helps people to make decisions and refine thei r choices. In the United States, the Ad Council creates timely public service messages to the nation. Th eir purpose is to raise awareness of public problems that citizens can respond to. Inspiring ads ca use individuals to take action and even save lives. Pollution in America, for example has been red uced over the years because of the creative Public Service advertisements that the council provid es" Please, please don't be a litter bug, 'cause every 'litter bit' hurts." Many families have taught t heir children to place litter in the trash can in response to this catchy phrase, which has affected g enerations as each succeeding generation has taught their children not to litter. 4.Nature imposes difficult conditions upon the earth from time to time . The tornado and fo rest fire destroy natural resources ,homes and other structures ,and very often harm or kill peopl e . Technological tragedies happen with little or no warning as we see trains crash and airplanes f all from the sky shortly after take-off. As tragic as calamities are , they seem to bring out the best in human nature . people trained in em ergency care arrive at the scene and begin assisting the inj ured .Others come with equipment to remove debris. Men , women ,and young people willingly c ome to the scene of an accident , hoping to be of help in some way . These selfless acts of kindne ss make our world a better place . compassion eases the wounds of calamities. American Airlines flight number 587 crashed less than three minutes after taking off from JF K Airport in New York in November,2001. Witnesses s aw an engine fire develop on the plane’s nu mber one engine located under the left wing of the aircraft .seconds later ,the airliner crashed int o eight homes ,completely destroying four of them .All 260 people aboard the airplane were kille d along with six people at the crash site ,leaving many people to mourn the loss of their loved on es .the residents (people who live in the area of the crash ) rallied together to comfort those griev ing, while others removed bodies from the wreckage and did the necessary clean-up. 工程实施困难的条件下在地上的时候。龙卷风和森林火灾破坏自然资源,房屋和其他建筑物,和经常伤害或杀死人。技术的悲剧发生在很少或没有预警,因为我们看到火车事故,飞机起飞后不久就从天空坠落。一样悲惨的灾难,他们似乎显示出人性中最好的。在急诊受训的人到达现场并开始帮助受伤的人则跟设备清除残骸。男人,女人,和年轻人自愿来到事故现场,希望能有帮助。这些无私的善举让我们的世界变得更美好。同情减轻灾害的伤口。 美国航空公司587号航班坠毁不到三分钟后从纽约肯尼迪机场起飞,11月2001。目击者看到一个引擎火灾发展在飞机上的1号引擎位于下飞机的左翼,接着后,客机坠毁八家,完全摧毁了四个260名乘客的飞机遇难连同6人在事故现场,造成许多人悼念失去的亲人,居民(住在崩溃的面积)聚集在一起,安慰那些悲伤,而另一些人则从残骸,并把尸体移走必要的清理。 5.Success can be reached in different ways by people in different careers. Bill Gates began at age to program computers,His vision for personal computing has been central to the success of M icrosoft Corporation, the company he founded with his childhood friend in 1975 . The former CEO of General Electric, Jack Welch, is a business legend. A famous quote by Mr. Welch is,” Chang before you have to. ”He believes in leading by example and encourages his empl oyees to do their best every day. Michael Jordan s aid,”I accept failure, but I can’t accept not trying.” He is one of the best athl etes to ever play team sports. His great smile, athletic achievements, and pleasant personality ha ve made him one of the most famous athletes in the world. Michael Jordan spent a lot of time pla ying basketball as a child but in senior middle school he was taken off the team . Instead of giving up , he worked through adversity and became the greatest basketball player yet .
One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?
Key to Exercises Opener Mary is thinking of getting a tattoo tomorrow afternoon. She asks Mel to join her, but Mel cannot because she has to work tomorrow. And then Mary invites Mel to go to a party tomorrow night. Mel hesitates at first, but finally decides to go with Mary. They will meet at eight o’clock. Abbreviation Meaning 1. TGIF Thank God it’s Friday 2. AMA Ask me anything 3. OMG Oh my God! 4. YOLO You only live once 5. FOMO Fear of missing out 6. FYI For your information 7. LOL Laugh out loud 8. TBH To be honest 9. PPL People 10. ETA Estimated time of arrival Transcript: A: Hey, Mary. B: Hey, Mel. A: TGIF.
B: TGIF. A: Mel, I need some advice on something. B: AMA A: Yeah, thanks. I’m thinking of getting a tattoo. B: OMG! Really Are you serious A: Well, YOLO. B: That’s true. A: Well. B: When are you going to do it A: I’m thinking tomorrow afternoon. Do you want to come B: Oh, I’d love to come, but I’ve got to work tomorrow. Oh, major FOMO. A: What a shame! B: Yeah, A: Well, FYI, there’s a party tomorrow night. And if you are not busy, you can come to that instead. B: I’m not busy, but TBH I really need to take it easy this weekend. A: What That’s so not like you. B: LOL, that’s true. A: Party is in Hackney Wick. It’s gonna be good, good music, good PPL. B: Oh, major FOMO again. Oh, what the hell Yes, why not I’ll go.
BOOK2课文译文 UNIT1 TextA 中国式的学习风格 1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店堂。 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。 我和埃伦都满不在乎，任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙箱槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁，都会走过来看着本杰明，见他初试失败，便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握牢本杰明的手，直接将它引向钥匙槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑，似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。 我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。 两种不同的学习方式
我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是走近槽口的最终目的，既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢？他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以（也应该）示范给他看。 我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列 的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。 把着手教 回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。 那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、轻轻地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。 我逐渐认识到，这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守中国传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。
Unit 1 Living in Harmony Enhance Your Language Awareness 1. Text A amaze bunch bundle capacity commerce conquer display drop roast rob style symbol vague figure Text B appreciate participate shift slip 1)My neighbours are a friendly bunch of people. 2)Dave amazed his friends by leaving a well-paid job to travel around the world. 3)The employees in this company work an eight-hour shift . 4)The professor came to the classroom with a bundle of newspapers under his arm. 5)A passenger asked the driver: “Could you drop me off near the post office? I'd like to post a letter.” 6)The little girl's capacity for learning languages astonished me. 7)How many countries will be participating in the Olympic Games? 8)I like the typically French style of living. It is so romantic. 9)They have made their fortunes from industry and commerce . 10)They threatened to shoot him and rob him of all his possessions.
Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates. 全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢？它们会得到加强还是削弱？作者对这些问题进行了探讨。 In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel 1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the ., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $ billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization." 寻找达沃斯人 彼得·甘贝尔 威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在美国以外的地方，先是在伦敦，1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。1998年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认同对我来说不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。” 2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a . citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says. 亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁的曼德尔曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该公司在中国的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管曼德尔全球到处跑，已经做了45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国人。我在其他地方度过很多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。 3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and
Teaching Planning College English Integrated Course Book Three Unit Two The Freedom Givers Zhong wen 1.Background Information Teacher: zhong wen Students: 56 sophomores Content of the textbook: unit-2 text A the Freedom Givers Textbook: foreign language teaching and research press Time duration：10 minutes 2.Textbook Analysis The author tells three stories about the Underground Railroad and early Black civil rights movement. The three stories are chosen because they are representative of all participants in this movement: John Parke r is a freed slave who later turned into a courageous “conductor”; Levi Coffin is a brave white “conductor”; Josiah Henson is a slave who struggled his way to freedom with the help of the Underground Railroad. We learn about the name of Josiah Henson at the beginning of the text, yet his full story is not told until the last part. In this way the author achieves coherence of text. 3.Students Analysis The class is made up of 56 students, with 30 girls and 26 boys ,who have a good knowledge of Basic English, but know very little about the American culture behind the language. So in this introduction part, It is necessary to introduce some background information to the students before reading 4.Teaching Objectives Students will be able to: 1.understand the main idea(early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the underground Railroad) 2.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text, 3.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit 4.Appreciate the various techniques employed by the writer (comparison and contrast, topic sentence followed by detail sentences, use of transitional devices,etc.); 5.Teaching Procedures: Greetings Step 1 Lead-in T: Today we are going to talk about the ethic heroes in American history, before the class, I’d like to introduce the slavery to all of you. T: Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, during his term of office; he led the civil war and abolished the slavery. T: In the battle against slavery, not only did the president try his best to abolish this system, but also the people, especially the black people living in the South America try hard to fight for their own feat. Today, we will introduce some freedom givers in the American history. Before
大学英语综合教程一 Unit 1 Growing Up Part II Language Focus Vocabulary Ⅰ. 1.respectable 2.agony 3.put…down 4.sequence 5.hold back 6.distribute 7.off and on 8.vivid 9.associate 10.finally 11.turn in 12.tackle 2. 1.has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. 2.was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not.
3.a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’ time. 4.gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5.buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. 1.reputation, rigid, to inspire 2.and tedious, What’s more, out of date ideas https://www.doczj.com/doc/5017238638.html,pose, career, avoid showing, hardly hold back Ⅱ. https://www.doczj.com/doc/5017238638.html,posed 2.severe 3.agony 4.extraordinary 5.recall https://www.doczj.com/doc/5017238638.html,mand 7.was violating 8.anticipate Ⅲ. 1.at 2.for 3.of 4.with