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英国文学作家作品吐血整理上

英国文学作家作品吐血整理上
英国文学作家作品吐血整理上

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时期

姓名备注出身学校地位/评价流派作品

Old and Mediev al English Period 古英语和中世纪时期Geoffrey Chaucer

杰弗里·乔叟

约1340-1400

生于伦敦,

葬于

Westminster

Abbey

父亲是

酒商

Messenger of Humanism.

First realistic writer.

Father of English poetry.

Waster of the English language.

Realistic

现实主义

翻译法语作品the Romaunt of the Rose

改编自意大利作品Troilus and Criseyde

(longest complete poem and greatest artistic achivm..)

英语写的The Canterbury Tales

(masterpiece and one of the monumental work in EL) William Langland

威廉·朗兰

1330?-1400?

生于英国西部

内陆地区

修道

院学

Piers the Plowman耕者皮尔斯

One of the greatest of English poems of medieval

times. Dream vision.

Renaiss ance Francis Bacon

弗朗西斯·培根

1561-1626

生于伦敦

斯特兰德大道

约克家族

父亲是

爵士

The founder of modern science

of England.

The first English essayist.论说

文家

Advancement of Learning学问的演进

New Instrument新工具(解释了归纳推理法inductive

method of reasoning)

Essays随笔(最著名)

HenryHoward,

Earl of Surry

亨利·霍华德,

萨里伯爵

1517-47

诗人, 父亲是

公爵

诗以结构典雅Elegance of

construction而著称

Inventor of "English"form(abab

cdcd efef gg),later to be used by

Shksp.

Innovation: using of blank verse

诗歌被收录在Miscellany杂录by Tottel 托特尔

翻译Aeneid 埃涅伊德(运用了无韵诗)

Ben Jonson

本·琼森

1572-1637

生于威斯敏斯

The leading dramatist after

shksp and practically the first

poet-laureate in 1616.

Everyman in His Humour个性互异

Bartholomew Fair巴索罗缪市集

Christopher

Marlowe

克里斯托弗·马

剧作家The first great dramatist of the

Renaissance period

(before shksp.)

Tamburlaine the Great帖木儿大帝

Doctor Faustus浮士德博士

The Jew of Malta 马尔他的犹太人

文艺复兴时期洛

1564-93

Paved the way for shksp.

首次运用blank verse

John Lyly

约翰·黎里

1554?-1606

学者世

牛津The oldest of the "university

Wits" 大学才子中年纪最大的

Euphues,or the Anatomy of Wit优浮绮斯或智慧的剖

Euphues and His England优浮绮斯及其英国

eight comedies in prose 用散文写的8部喜剧Thomas More

托马斯·莫尔

1478-1535

在伦敦塔,因

莫须有的叛国

罪被砍头

中产阶

牛津

Humanist

人文主义

学者

Utopia乌托邦

传记:The life of John Picus,Earl of Myrandula

约翰·皮库斯,米兰度拉伯爵的一生

The history of King Richard Ⅲ理查三世的历史(未

完稿)

Dialogue of comfort against Tribulation 关于苦难之

慰藉的对话(a masterpiece of English religious

literature and the finest of his contemplative writings

英国宗教文学代表作,忏悔祈祷作品上乘之作)Sir Philip Sidney

菲利普·西德尼

1554-86

上层贵

族家庭

牛津Poet,romancer and critic

诗人、传奇小说家、批评家

Astropel and Stella爱星者和星星(十四行组诗)

Defence of Poesie(or Apology for Poetry)为诗辩护(批

评论文)

Arcadia阿卡迪亚(浪漫故事散文)

Edmund Spenser

埃德蒙·斯宾塞

1552-99

生于London 剑桥Poet's poet 诗人的诗人

Invented the Spenserian

stanza,which became a popular

verse form the historical

development of English poetry.

The Faerie Queene仙后

The Shepherd's Calendar牧羊人日历

Amoretti爱情小唱

William 会一点拉丁语文法One of the most remarkable 37 plays,154 sonnets,2 long narrative poems.

Shakespeare 莎士比亚1564-1616 和希腊语学校playwrights and poets the world

has ever known.

四大悲剧:Hamlet , Othello, King Lear ,Macbeth

四喜剧:The Merchant of V enice,A midsummer Night's

Dream,As you like it, Twelfth Night

其他重要的:Henry V

Robert Burton 罗伯特·波顿1577-1640 当过牧师乡绅家

牛津 A prominent English prose

writer in the early 17th century.

17世纪早起著名散文作家

The Anatomy of Melancholy忧郁的解剖

The period of the English Bourge ois Revolut ion

英国Sir Thomas

Browne

托马斯·布朗爵

士1605-1682

生于伦敦

后来获得博士

学位

温彻

斯特

和牛

散文作家

Baroque

巴洛克式

风格

Religio Medici 医生的宗教

Hydriotaphia,or Urn Burial翁葬

Jeremy Taylor

杰瑞米·泰勒

1613-1667

英国国教牧师散文作家Holy living神圣而生

Holy Dying神圣而死

Izaak Walton

艾萨克·沃尔顿

1593-1683

生活年代跨越

了伊莉莎白时

代和复辟时期

伦敦店

自学散文作家The Compleate Angler垂钓全书

John Milton

约翰·弥尔顿

1608-1674

生于伦敦富有的

家庭

剑桥The greatest poet and

pamphleteer in

mid-17th-century England

Puritanis

m

清教主义

L'Allegro and II Penseroso 快乐的人和幽思的人

Lycidas莱西达斯(挽歌)

Paradise lost失乐园(长篇史诗)

Paradise Regained 复乐园

Samson Agonistes力士参孙(无韵体诗写的杯具,封

笔作)

各种小册子

资产阶级革命时期John Bunyan

约翰·班扬

1628-1688

穷苦补

锅匠的

儿子

贝德

福特

文法

学校

The Pilgrim's Progress天路历程

John Dryden

约翰·德莱顿

1631-1700

诗人,剧作家,

文学家,批评

家,翻译家。

复辟时期

乡绅家

剑桥

三一

学院

The forerunner of the classicism

in Britain.

The earliest writer of

prominence in EL who

advocated and carried out in

practice the literary theories of

neo--classicism.

Classicis

m.

古典主义

All for love一切为了爱

An Essay of Dramatic Poesy论戏剧诗

John Donne

约翰·邓恩

1572-1631

后来改信英国

国教

天主教

家庭

牛津

剑桥

律师

学院

The founder of the physical

school of poetry

玄学派诗歌的创始人

Metaphys

ical

school玄

学派

Songs and Sonnets 歌与十四行诗

Holy Sonnets圣诗

George Herbet

乔治·赫伯特

1593-1633

显赫的

威尔士

家庭

剑桥The Temple 圣堂

The Altar 祭坛

Andrew Marvell

安德鲁·马维尔

1621-1678

生于约克郡剑桥To his Coy Mistress致他娇羞的女友

Henry Vaughan

Richard Crashaw

其他玄学派诗人

Robert Herrick

罗伯特·赫瑞克

1591-1674

生于伦敦中产阶

级家庭Cavalier

poet

Gather Ye Rose Buds While Ye May

趁早采摘玫瑰花蕾

To Daffodils致水仙花

John Suckling

Richard Lovelace

Thomas Carew

其他几个骑士派诗人骑士派

18th century

十八世纪William Blake

威廉·布莱克

1757-1827

Poet,painter,visionary

mystic,and engraver

诗集:Songs of Innocence天真之歌

Songs of Experience经验之歌

预言诗:

Robert Burns

罗伯特·彭斯

1759-1796

贫困的

农民家

Chiefly in the Scottish Dialec t 苏格兰方言诗集

Auld Lang Syne往昔时光

A Red,Red Rose

Daniel Defoe

丹尼尔·笛福

1660-1731

Novelist,pamphleteer,and

journalist

The founder of E novel with

Samuel Richardson

Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记

Capital Singletion辛格顿船长

Moll Flanders摩尔·弗兰德斯

Captain Jack陆军上校杰克

Henry Fielding

亨利·菲尔丁

1707-1754

破落家

伊顿

公学,

莱顿

大学

A writer,playwright and

journalist,

founder of the E realistic School

in literature with Samuel

Richardson

25部剧作,最著名的是Pasquin巴斯昆

The history of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of

his Friend Mr.Abraham Adams (小说)

The history of the Life of the Late Mr.Jonathan Wild the

Great

The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling一个弃儿,汤

姆琼斯的历史(英国文学史上的杰作)

Oliver Goldsmith

奥利弗·哥尔德

斯密斯

1730-1774

生于爱尔兰都柏

林三

一学

Essayist,poet,novelist,playwrigh

t

散文:Citizen of the World世界公民

诗歌:The Traveller,旅游人Deserted Village荒村

小说:the Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德牧师传

戏剧:the Good-Natured Man好心人

She Stoops to Conquer屈身求爱(大获成功)Samuel Johnson 葬于威斯敏斯都柏Poet,essayist,critic,journalist,lex A Dictionary of the English Language 英语词典

塞缪尔·约翰逊1709-1784 特林荣

誉学

icographer诗人,散文家,文艺

评论家,记者,词典编纂人

长诗:the Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望之虚幻

杯具:Irene艾琳

哲学小说:The Prince Of Abyssinia /Rasselas

阿比西尼王之子/拉塞拉斯

传记:the Lives of the Poets

Alexander Pope 亚历山大·蒲伯1688-1744 生于伦敦,身

患残疾

天主教

徒出身

自学

成才

An outstanding Enlightener启

蒙主义者and the greatest E

poet of the classical school in

the first half of the 18th century.

Classical

school古

典主义

仿英雄体讽刺诗:the Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记

讽刺诗:the Dunciad 群愚史诗

其他作品:Esaay on Man论人

Epistle to Dr.Arbuthnot 致阿伯斯诺医生书

Samuel Richardson

塞缪尔·理查逊1689-1761 商界成功人士生于一

个细木

工家庭

founder of the E realistic School Pamela,or Virtue Rewarded 帕米拉/贞洁得报

Clarissa ,or the History of a Yong Lady克拉莉莎/一

个姑娘的历史

Richard Brinsley Sheridan

理查德·布林斯里·谢里丹私奔,导演生于都

柏林

Dramatists,politician 代表作:The Rivals情敌

The school for Scandal 造谣学校

The Duenna伴娘

A Trip to Scarborough 斯卡波罗之游

Tobias George Smollet 托比亚斯·斯莫莱特生于苏格兰富裕家

敦巴

顿大

学,等

Roderick Random 蓝登传

Peregrine Pickle皮尔克传

The Expedition of Humphrey Clinker 亨弗利·克林克

(书信体)

Laurence Sterne 劳伦斯·斯特恩1713-1768 父亲是

军官

剑桥novelist 感伤主义Tristram Shandy 项狄传

The Sentimental Journey感伤的旅行

Jonathan Swift

乔纳森·斯威夫生于爱尔兰都

柏林

A very fashionable satiric writer

斯梯尔艾迪生斯威夫特三人

Gulliver's Travels格列佛游记

A tale of a Tub 木桶的故事

1667-1745 有亲密友谊The Battle of the Books书战

A Modest Proposal 一个小小的建议

Pamphlets on Ireland 关于爱尔兰的小册子

Richard Steele 理查德·斯梯尔1672-1729 生于都柏林斯梯尔艾迪生斯威夫特三人

有亲密友谊

小册子:The Christian Hero 基督教英雄

出版报纸:闲谈者t he Tatler

旁观者the Spectato r

Joseph Addison 约瑟夫·艾迪生1672-1719 生于都柏林牧师家

斯梯尔艾迪生斯威夫特三人

有亲密友谊

The Campaign 出征(英雄双韵体)

悲剧:Cato卡托

出版报纸:旁观者the Spectator

大三_英国文学史(绝对标准中文版)

英国文学源远流长,经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中,文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响,文学内部遵循自身规律,历经盎格鲁-撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。下面对英国文学的发展过程作一概述。 一、中世纪文学(约5世纪-1485) 英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样,不是书面的,而是口头的。故事与传说口头流传,并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展,最后才有写本。公元5世纪中叶,盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中,最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》(Beowulf),它被认为是英国的民族史诗。《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事,具有神话传奇色彩。这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说,随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国,现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的,当时,不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。因此,《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌,呈现出新旧生活方式的混合,兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想,体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。 公元1066年,居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡,征服英格兰。诺曼底人占领英格兰后,封建等级制度得以加强和完备,法国文化占据主导地位,法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇,流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》(Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,1375-1400)以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材,歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德,是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情,是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。 14世纪以后,英国资本主义工商业发展较快,市民阶级兴起,英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉,社会各阶层普遍使用英语,为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。杰弗利·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer, 1343-1400)的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。《坎特伯雷故事》(The Canterbury Tales)以一群香客从伦敦出发去坎特伯雷朝圣为线索,通过对香客的生动描绘和他们沿途讲述的故事,勾勒出一幅中世纪英国社会千姿百态生活风貌的图画。乔叟首创英雄诗行,即五步抑扬格双韵体,对英诗韵律作出了很大贡献,被誉为"英国诗歌之父".乔叟的文笔精练优美,流畅自然,他的创作实践将英语提升到一个较高的文学水平,推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。 二、文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期-17世纪初) 相对于欧洲其他国家来说,英国的文艺复兴起始较晚,通常认为是在15世纪末。文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义,它主张以人为本,反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观,提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。托马斯·莫尔(Thomas More, 1478-1535)是英国最主要的早期人文主义者,他的《乌托邦》(Utopia)批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会,设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。Utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词,但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河,这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》(The New Atlantis)、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》(Gulliver's Travels)、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》(Erewhon)一直延续到20世纪

英国文学 整理

Term Definition: Alliteration(押头韵): Alliteration is the repetition of a speech sound in a sequence of nearby words. The term is usually applied only to consonants, and only when the recurrent sound begins a word or a stressed syllable within a word. Arthurian legend(亚瑟王传奇): It is a group of tales (in several languages) that developed in the Middle Ages concerning Arthur L, semi-historical king of the Britons and his knights. The legend is a complex weaving of ancient Celtic mythology with later traditions around a core of possible historical authenticity. Sonnet(十四行诗): A lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme. There are two major patterns of rhyme in sonnets written in the English language: ( 1) The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet (named after the fourteenth century Italian poet Petrarch) falls into two main parts: an octave(eight lines) rhyming abbaabba followed by a sestet (six lines) rhyming cdecde or some variant, such as cdccdc . (2) the English sonnet, or else the Shakespearean sonnet. This sonnet falls into three quatrains and a concluding couplet: abab cdcd efef gg. There was one notable variant, the Spenserian sonnet, in which Edmund Spenser linked each quatrain to the next by a continuing rhyme: abab bcbc cdcd ee. Conceit(夸张): From the Italian concetto (meaning idea or concept), it refers to an unusually far-fetched or elaborate metaphor or simile presenting a surprisingly apt parallel between two apparently dissimilar things or feelings. Poetic conceits are prominent in Elizabethan love sonnets and metaphysical poetry. Conceits often employ the devices of hyperbole, paradox and oxymoron. Neoclassicism(新古典主义): A style of Western literature that flourished from the mid-seventeenth century until the end of the eighteenth century and the rise of Romanticism. The neoclassicists looked to the great classical writers for inspiration and guidance. They believed that literature should both instruct and delight, and the proper subject of art was humanity. Neoclassicism stressed rules, reason, harmony, balance, restraint, decorum, order, serenity, realism, and form—above all, an appeal to the intellect rather than emotion. The Restoration in 1660 marked the beginning of the Neoclassical Period in England, whose writers included John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Samuel Johnson, etc. Romance(传奇小说): It is a literary genre popular in the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century), dealing, in verse or prose, with legendary, supernatural, or amorous subjects and characters. Popular subjects for romances included the Macedonian King Alexander the Great, King Arthur of Britain and the Knights of the Round Table, and the Frankish Emperor Charlemagne. Renaissance(文艺复兴): Renaissance ("rebirth") is the name commonly applied to the period of European history following the Middle Ages. The development came late to England in the

(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档

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英美著名文学家及其作品简介 一、英国文学名家名著 威廉?莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ,1564-1616)是文艺复兴(Renaissance)时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。他创作了大量的作品,其中包括喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。他的剧本至今仍在许多国家上演,并为人们所普遍阅读。莎上比亚的作品文才横溢,创造的喜、怒、哀、乐场面使人印象深刻,历久难忘。主要作品有四大悲剧:《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet)、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear);四大喜剧:《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。此外,历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲,爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》(Romeo and Juliet)也都很受欢迎。《哈姆雷特》叙述了丹麦王子哈姆雷特替父报仇,杀死篡夺王位的叔父的故事。《哈姆雷特》里“to be or not to be, that is the question”的成为经典台词。《罗密欧与朱丽叶》描写了一对青年男女因家族间的世仇而不能联姻结果自杀的故事,揭露了封建制度的残酷无情,同时,歌颂了青年男女纯洁坚贞的爱情。 济慈(Keats, 1795一1821)是英国浪漫主义诗人。他出身贫苦,作过医生的学徒,后来才以写诗为业。他对当时英国社会的现实不满,希望在一个“永恒的美的世界”中寻找安身立命之处。他的诗歌以文辞声调之美著称,在艺术上对后代的英国诗人影响很大。主要作品有《伊沙贝拉》(Isabella)、《夜莺颂》(Ode to a Nightingale)和《秋颂》(To Autumn)等。 雪莱(Shelley ,1792一1822)是英国浪漫主义的重要诗人。他生于贵族家庭。他既创作了富于政治思想性的诗,也写了很多优美的抒情诗,特别是爱情诗,显示了不羁的想象,瑰丽的色彩和动人的音韵,这些使他成为英国文学史上最有才华的抒情诗人之一。他的主要作品有《麦布女王》(Queen Mab)、《致英国人民之歌》(Song to the Men of England)、《解放了的普罗米修斯》(Prometheus Unbound)和《西风颂》(Ode to the West Wind)等。《西风颂》里的名句“冬天来了,春天还会远吗?”(If Winters comes,can spring be far behind)成为妇幼皆知的诗文。 简?奥斯丁(Jane Austen ,1775一1817),英国现实主义小说家。她是乡村牧师的女儿,一生住在乡间。写过六部小说,多以乡间生活为背景,更以婚姻问题为中心题材。她的作品情节结构精密紧凑,人物描写深刻生动,戏剧场面精彩,对话巧妙。主要作品有《理智和情感》(Sense and Sensibility)、《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and Prejudice)、《曼斯非尔德花园》(Mansfield Park)、《爱玛》(Emma)等。华人导演李安(Ang Lee ,1954—)于1995年导演的外语影片《理智与情感》获当年美国奥斯卡(Oscar)最佳剧本改编及最佳女演员奖。 夏洛蒂、爱米丽和安妮姐妹(Charlotte, Emily and Anne)三人出身贫寒,幼年丧母,不得不在慈善学校度过童年。夏洛蒂38岁才结婚,次年去世。两个妹妹终生未嫁。夏洛蒂的代表作《简爱》(Jane Eyre)是她的自传体小说,小说问世后立即产生了巨大影响。小说坦率而热情地塑造了同自己的天生欲望和社会地位发生冲突的妇女。爱米丽的《呼啸的山庄》(Wuthering Heights)被誉为第一部社会革命小说。安妮的小说具有平静力和现实性,也得到了一些评论者的称赞。 查理?狄更斯(Charles Dickens ,1812 - 1870), 19世纪英国伟大的小说家。幼年家贫,曾作徒工,成名后仍接近贫苦人民。一生创作辛勤,留下了20多部小说,包括《匹克威克外传》(Pickerwick Papers)、《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)、《双城记》(A Tale of Two Cities)、《艰难时世》(Hard Times)和《大卫?科波菲尔》(David Copperfield)等。狄更斯的小说情节曲折动人,人物形象鲜明生动,写景叙事真切而又富想象,既有尖刻的讽刺,又有幽默的夸张。

英国文学史分时期总结作家作品

英语文学史分时期总结作家作品 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic:long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g. Homer?s Iliad and Odyssey Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵) Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400 (首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ①坎特伯雷故事集: first time to use …heroic couplet?(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③声誉之宫 Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事) Famous three:King Arthur Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Beowulf The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival: 1. new discoveries in geography and astrology 2. the religious reformation and economic expansion 3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599 (后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。)The poets?poet.Th e first to be buried in the Poet?s corner of Westerminster Abbey

英国文学名词解释【整理后】

1.epic 史诗:a long narrative poem, grand in style, about heroes and heroic deeds, embodying heroic ideals of a nation or race in the making. Beowulf is the English national epic that was passed from mouth to mouth and written down by many unknown hands. 2.Conceit:a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit, used by certain 17th-century poets, such as John Donne.. 3.Epiphany(顿悟): a sudden revelation of truth about life inspired by a seemingly trivial incident 4.Metaphysical poetry:玄学诗派the poetry of John Donne and other 17th-century poets who wrote in a similar style. It is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas . 5.Stream of consciousness意识流: a kind of writing technique in which a character's perceptions, thoughts, and memories are presented in an apparently random form, without regard for logical sequence, chronology, or syntax. Often such writing makes no distinction between various levels of reality--such as dreams, memories, imaginative thoughts or real sensory perception. 6.heroic couplet 英雄双韵体 two successive lines of rhymed poetry in iambic pentameter. Geoffrey Chaucer’s masterpiece The Canterbury Tale was written in heroic couplet. 7.ballad meter 民谣体 traditionally a four-line stanza containing alternating four-stress and three-stress lines, usually with a refrain and the rhyme scheme of abcb. Robert Burns’ “A Red, Red Rose” is a great love ballad. 8.sonnet 十四行诗 a fixed form consisting of fourteen lines of 5-foot iambic verse. It first flourished in Italy in the 14th century. William Shakespeare was a great English sonnet writer famous for his 154 sonnets. 9.iambic pentameter 五步抑扬格 the basic line in English verse, with five feet in a line, usually an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable. It was probably introduced by Geoffrey Chaucer and certainly established by him in The Canterbury Tales. 10.image 意象 a concrete representation of an object or sensory experience. Typically, such a representation helps evoke the feelings associated with the object or experience itself. Many images are conveyed by figurative language. An image may be visual, olfactory, tactile, auditory, gustatory, abstract and kinaesthetic. The rose in Robert Burns’ poem “A Red, Red Rose” is a beautiful image. 11.“Dramatic monologue”戏剧独白 that is a lyric poem which reveals “ a soul in action” through the conversation of one character in a dramatic situation. T he character is speaking to an identifiable but silent listener at a dramatic monent in the speaker’s life. 12.blank verse 无韵诗,素体诗 unrhymed iambic pentameter, the most widely used of English verse forms and usually used in English dramatic and epic poetry. William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet is written in blank verse. 13.Sonnet is a verse form of fourteen lines, in English characteristically in iambic pentameter and most often in one of the two rhyme schemes: the Italian(or Petrarchan) or Shakespearean 14.essay 散文 a composition, usually in prose, which may be of only a few hundred words or of book length and which discusses, formally or informally, a topic or a variety of topics. It is one of the most flexible and adaptable of all literary forms. Francis Bacon is a great essayist; his “Of Studies” is a model of good essay.

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