2015年职称英语考试卫生类考前模拟试卷：阅读判断

2015职称英语卫生类考试阅读判断专项习题As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder called dyslexia.Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information inand scientists Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do. He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than 80 years ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brain—the part that controls language—is larger than the right side. In persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left-handed. No one knows the cause of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a baby's body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teachinghelp. After they have solved their problems with language, they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative.1.One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案: A2. Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案: C3. The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案: AA. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案: BA. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案:A6. It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a baby's mother.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案: C7. Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative once they have learned to handle language properly.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案:A更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。

第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

NursesThe physicians in a hospital form the core of the medical staff. But they could not provide effective medical care to their patients without the help of numerous other medical workers. From the angle of the patients, the nursing staff is particularly important. Nurses are usually in close contact with patients as long as they are in the hospital.A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor. However, each must be equally trained. Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern. Most nurses work long days, and they often must work at odd hours or during the night.The nursing staff in a hospital is usually quite large and various. Nursing services, after all, must be provided on a 24-hour basis. There are professional (专业的) nurses, practical nurses, nurse's aids, and orderlies (勤杂工). The general term nurse refers to a person trained to offer bedside care to sick persons.Under the supervision (管理) of the head nurse, the nursing staff in a hospital ward must attend to patients' needs. This responsibility continues around the clock, and so nurses must work in shifts. A shift is a period of duty, usually eight hours in length. The nurses on the ward rotate (轮换) their shifts. Some take turns working night duty; others work odd shifts. Allof them work out of a central area on the ward called the nurse's station.A nurse must always be on her guard. She can never afford to be careless. This is true in all nursing situations, but it is especially true in the intensive care unit. Patients under intensive care are critically ill, and they must be monitored at all times. The nurses who do intensive care duty have one of the most demanding jobs in the hospital.1 The physicians in a hospital are less important than the nursing staff.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 The nurses in a hospital usually spend more time with the patients than the physicians.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 A nurse is not qualified if she does not have patience and show concern for her patients.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 Nurses often earn as much money as physicians do because they tend to work long days and at odd hours.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 Nursing services in a hospital are generally available around the clock.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 The nurse's station is the only place where nurses in a hospital ward can be fount.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 Nurses who work in the intensive care unit in a hospital are better trained than other nurses.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned参考答案：16. B 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. CBees and ColourOn our table in the garden we put a blue card, and all around this blue card we put a number of different grey cards. These trey cards are of all possible shades of grey and include white and black. On each card a watch-glass is placed. The watch-glass on the blue card has some syrup in it; all the others are empty. After a short time bees find the syrup, and they come for it again and again. Then, after some hours, we take away the watch-glass of syrup which was on the blue card and put an empty one in its place.Now what do the bees do? They still go straight to the blue card, although there is no syrup there. They do not go to any of the grey cards, in spite of the fact that one of the grey cards is of exactly the same brightness as the blue card. Thus the bees do not mistake any shade of grey for blue. In this way we have proved that they do really see blue as a colour.We can find out in just the same way what other colours bees can see. It turns out that bees can see various colours, but these insects differ from us as regards their colour-sense in two very interesting ways. Suppose we train bees to come to a red card, and, having done so, we put the red card on the table in the garden among the set of different grey cards. This time we find that the bees mistake red for dark grey or black. They cannot distinguish between them. This means that red is not a colour at all for bees; for them it is just dark grey or black.That is one strange fact; here is another. A rainbow is red on one edge, violet on the other. Outside the violet of the rainbow there is another colour which we cannot see at all. This colour beyond the violet, invisible to us, is called the ultra-violet. Although it is invisible, we know that the ultra-violet is there because it affects a photographic plate. Now, although we are unable to see ultra-violet light, bees can do so; for them ultra-violet is a colour. Thus bees see a colour which we cannot even imagine. This has been found out by training bees to come for syrup to various parts of a spectrum, or artificial rainbow, thrown by a prism on a table in a dark room. In such an experiment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet, which for us is just darkness.1. The experiment with bees described in the first and second paragraphs tell us that bees regard blue as a colour.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. The third paragraph tells us that bees also regard red as a colour.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. The experiment described in the second paragraph aimed to find out that bees are not able to see grey as a colour.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. An artificial rainbow was created for the experiment to see whether bees can recognize the ultra-violet as a colour.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. The fourth paragraph tells us that bees may be harmed by ultra-violet light.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. We can conclude from the passage that bees recognize colours in the same way as human beings.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. Bees are more sensitive to colours than human beings.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：1. A 2.B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C NorwichNorwich, the capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia, has been in existence for more than two thousand years. It began as a small village beside the River Wensum. At the time of the Norman invasion in 1066 it had grown to become one of the largest towns in England.With two cathedrals and a mosque (清真寺), Norwich has long been a popular centre for various religions. The first cathedral was built in 1095 and has recently celebrated its 900th anniversary, while Norwich itself had a year of celebration in 1994 to mark the 800th anniversary of the city receiving a Royal Charter. This allowed it to be called a city and to govern itself independently.Today, in comparison with places like London or Manchester, Norwich is quite small, with a population of around 150,000, but in the 16th century Norwich was the second largest city of England. It continued to grow for the next 300 years and got richer and richer, becoming famous for having as many churches as there are weeks in the year and as many pubs as there are days in the year.Nowadays, there are far fewer churches and pubs, but in 1964 the University of East Anglia was built in Norwich. With itsfast-growing student population and its success as a modern commercial centre (Norwich is the biggest centre for insurance services outside London), the city now has a wide choice of entertainment: theatres, cinemas, nightclubs, busy cafes, excellent restaurants, and a number of arts and leisure centres. There is also a football team, whose colours are green and yellow. The team is known as "The Canaries (金丝雀)", though nobody can be sure why.Now the city's attractions include another important development, a modern shopping centre called 'The Castle Mall'. The people of Norwich lived with a very large hole in the middle of their city for over two years, as builders dug up the main car park. Lorries moved nearly a million tons of earth so that the roof of the Mall could become a city centre park, with attractive water pools and hundreds of trees. But the local people are really pleased that the old open market remains, right in the heart of the city and next to the new development. Both areas continue to do good business, proving that Norwich has managed to mix the best of the old and the new.16 The River Wensum flows by NorwichA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 People have lived by the River Wensum for at least 2,000 yearsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Norwich has been a city since its first cathedral was builtA RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Norwich has always been one of the smallest EnglishcitiesA RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 The number of foreign students in Norwich has been increasing since 1964.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 The football team is called "The Canaries" because of the colours the players wear.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 It took more than two years to build "The Castle Mall"A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案：AABBCBAA Dog's DilemmaFinding a babysitter while you go out to work is, for example, an inconvenience. For the African wild dog, one of the continent's most endangered carnivores, it's a matter of life and death. New research shows that once packs fall below a certain size, there are not enough animals to both hunt food and stay at home protecting the young.The African wild dog has declined drastically over the past century. Habitual loss, persecution and unexplained outbreaks of disease have all been blamed. Only 3, 000 to 5, 000 animals remain, and the species is expected to go extinct within decades if the trend continues.Other large carnivores such as the spotted hyena face similar pressures, yet are not declining. Now Franck Courchamp of Cambridge University has found a reason why. The dog's weakness lies in its social organisation.Within each pack of up to 20 adults and pups, only thedominant male and female breed. The remaining animals help raise the pups, cooperating to hunt prey and defend the kill from other carnivores.Because pups can't keep up on a hunt, large packs leave an adult behind to protect them from predators, which include lions and hyenas. But leaving a babysitter also carries costs.A smaller hunting party is less able to tackle large prey and to defend the kill. There is also one less stomach in which to carry food hack to the den, and one more mouth to feed when they get there.Courchamp investigated this awkward trade-off by modelling how the costs of a babysitter change with decreasing pack size. This showed that packs of more than five adults should be able to feed all the pups and still spare a babysitter. But with smaller packs, either the hunting or the babysitting suffers, or the animals have to compensate by increasing the number of hunting excursions- which itself carries a cost to the pack.Field observations in Zimbabwe supported the model. Packs of five animals or fewer left pups unguarded more frequently than larger packs did. There was also evidence that when they did leave a babysitter, they were forced to hunt more often.A pack which drops below a critical size becomes caught in a vicious circle, says Courchamp, who is now at Paris-Sud University. "Poor reproduction and low survival further reduces pack size, culminating in failure of the whole pack. " And deaths caused by human activity, says Courchamp, may be what reduces pack numbers to below the sustainable threshold. Mammal ecologist Chris Carbone at London's Institute of Zoologyagrees. Maintaining the integrity of wild dog packs will be vital in pre serving the species, he says.16. The African wild dog has been endangered.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. The spotted hyena is on the verge of extinction.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. The remaining lions will die out within decades.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. The dominant female is always left behind to protect the young.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. There is a tension between babysitting and hunting.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The size of a pack must be big enough for it to survive.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Steps will be taken to protect the African wild dog.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：16.A 17.B 18.C 19.B 20.A 21.A 22.C Dangers Await Babies with AltitudeWomen who live in the world’s highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn’t clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished—many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the would, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birth weight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result,” says Giussani.The results suggest that babies born at high altitude aredeprived of oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child, “says Giussani.His also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.练习:According to the passage, one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities are underweight is that their mothers are underweight.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. Giussani’s team members are all British researchers and professors from Cambridge University.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. Giussani did not expect to find that the weight of a baby had little to do with the financial conditions of the family he was born into.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. The weight of a newborn has to do with the supply of oxygen even when he was still in his mother’s womb.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. High-altitude babies have heads that are larger than their bodies.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. High-altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. Guissani has arrived at the conclusion that babies in high-altitude regions are more likely to have heart trouble when they grow up.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：BCAABCBEruptions of Mount Saint HelensOn March 27,the U.S. Government scientists made a decision after they predicted the eruption of Mount Saint Helens.They telephoned all states and local officials in the area and told them that a serious eruption was possible at any time.Roads were closed to everyone except scientists and forest keepers struggled to keep curious visitors away from the mountain.Shortly after noon on March 27,Mount Saint Helens erupted for the first time in 123 years.People living north of the mountain heard a loud boom that shook their windows,and airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2 100 meters into the sky.Later,scientists found that the explosion had made a new crater(大坑) in the top of the mountain,not far from the old crater.The north side of the peak now had a huge bulge(凸出部分) where rock and ice had been pushed out by the eruption.A second eruption shook the mountain on March28.It,too,sent up a column of black ash high into the sky.By March 29,scientists flying over the mountain saw that a second crater formed about 9 meters from the first one.Strange blue flames flickered(闪烁) inside the crater and sometimes jumped from one crater to the other.By April 1 the mountain had erupted several more times and the snow on the north slope of the peak was black with ash.Ash carried by the wind had fallen on towns as far as 240 kilometers away from Mount Saint Helens.During the first week of April,Mount Saint Helens gave scientists something new to worry about harmonic tremors(震动) recorded by scientists showed a big eruption would happen.All during April and into May Mount Saint Helens continued to shudder(震动) and shoot out ash.By April 8,the two craters had merged to form a vast hole nearly a half of a kilometer wide and 250 meters deep.Scientists' main worry during this time was the growing bulge of rock and ice on the north face of the mountain.By May 7 scientists feared the worst.Their warnings led Washington Governor to set up safety zones around the mountain.The inner “red ” zone was open to scientists only.The outer “blue”zone was open only to people who got special permits.But in spite of these warnings,some people got past the road barriers and risked their lives trying to get close to the volcano.16. American scientists predicted that Mount Saint Helens was to erupt soon.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Pilots flying at the height of more than 2 100 meters saw a thick black column of ash and steam shooting up into the air from the crater.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. A new crater,which was to the south of the old one,was formed after the second eruption.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. The quakes recorded during the first week of April in the area of Mount Saint Helens warned scientists of a new eruption.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Two scientists lost their lives during the second eruption of Mount Saint Helens.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Most of the dreadful eruptions of Mount Saint Helens took place in early May.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The eruption of Mount Saint Helens attracted a large number of foreign tourists.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：16. A 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. C 21. A 22. CNew Understanding of Natural Silk’s MysteriesNatural silk, as we all know, has a strength that man-made materials have long struggled to match. In a discovery that sounds more like an ancient Chinese proverb than a materials science breakthrough, MIT researchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness. Or, more specifically, its many weaknesses. Silk gets its extraordinary durability andductility (柔韧性) from an unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are intrinsically very weak but that work together to create a strong, flexible structure.Most materials —especially the ones we engineer for strength —get their toughness from brittleness. As such, natural silks like those produced by spiders have long fascinated both biologists and engineers because of their light weight, ductility and high strength (pound for pound, silk is stronger than steel and far less brittle). But on its face, it doesn't seem that silks should be as strong as they are; molecularly, they are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are far weaker than the covalent (共价的) bonds found in other molecules.To get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through such weak bonds, the MIT team created a set of computer models that allowed them to observe the way silk behaves at the atomic level. They found that the arrangement of the tiny silk nanocrystals (纳米晶体) is such that the hydrogen bonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing one another against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so allow a sudden fracture to spread across a silk structure.The result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree of strength. But while that's all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding of silk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we can currently manufacture. Our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficultto produce (requiring high temperature treatments or energy-intensive processes).By looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturing methods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid, more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. And if you thought you were going to get out of this materials science story without hearing about carbon nanotubes (纳米碳管), think again.The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-like structures out of materials that are stronger than natural silk —like carbon nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon.16. MIT researchers carry out the study to illustrate an ancient Chinese proverb.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Silk’s strength comes from its weak hydrogen bonds working together.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Biologists and engineers are interested in understanding natural silks because they are very light and brittle.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. If the hydrogen bonds break due to external forces, they break fast.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. The MIT team had tried different materials before they studies natural silk in the research.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Carbon nanotubes are currently the most popular topic in materials science.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. It is indicated that materials stronger than natural silk can be expected in the future.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：16 B 17 A 18 B 19 B 20 C 21 C 22 AGreen Tea Protects against Heart DiseaseA few cups of green tea each day may help prevent heart disease, Greek researchers said on Wednesday. A study published in the European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation showed further evidence of the potential health benefits from a brew already linked to a reduced risk of a range of cancers and other conditions.The study showed that green tea improves blood flow and the ability of arteries to relax, said Charalambos Vlachopoulos, a cardiologist at the Athens Medical School in Greece who worked on the study. Other studies have shown that black tea also has benefits for cardiovascular health.The Greek team said they believed green tea might be even better because it had higher quantities of beneficial compounds called flavonoids（类黄酮） -- some of which are lost in the oxidation process that black tea undergoes. Flavonoids are also found in cocoa, tomatoes and grapes. "A couple of cups a day would probably be a good dose for people," Vlachopoulos said. "This is the first study to show these effects for green tea."The researchers gave 14 healthy volunteers either green tea, diluted caffeine or hot water and then measured the functionof endothelial cells lining the circulatory system. These cells help relax arteries and ease blood flow."What is important is these effects are evident fairly rapidly, within 30 minutes," Vlachopoulos said. The measurements taken 30, 90 and 120 minutes following consumption showed an almost immediate benefit among people who had drunk green tea, he said.While the researchers looked only at a short-term impact, Vlachopolous said the team's studies suggest the protection is long lasting. "Green tea is consumed less in the Western world than black tea, but it could be more beneficial because of the way it seems to improve (circulatory) function," he said.22.According to the Greek researchers, having several cups of green tea each day may help prevent heart diseaseA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned23.There are no studies done to prove that black tea is good for cardiovascular healthA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned24.The study shows that green tea and black tea are of the same benefits to cardiovascular healthA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned25.We can find flavonoids in cocoa, tomatoes and green teasA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned26.The healthy volunteers feel comfortable and exciting after drinking green teaA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned27.The researchers have made long-term studies on the impact of green tea to the health of human bodyA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned28.Green tea is not as popular as black tea in the worldA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案：ABBACBCNorwichNorwich, the capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia, has been in existence for more than two thousand years. It began as a small village beside the River Wensum. At the time of the Norman invasion in 1066 it had grown to become one of the largest towns in England.With two cathedrals and a mosque (清真寺), Norwich has long been a popular centre for various religions. The first cathedral was built in 1095 and has recently celebrated its 900th anniversary, while Norwich itself had a year of celebration in 1994 to mark the 800th anniversary of the city receiving a Royal Charter. This allowed it to be called a city and to govern itself independently.Today, in comparison with places like London or Manchester, Norwich is quite small, with a population of around 150,000, but in the 16th century Norwich was the second largest city of England. It continued to grow for the next 300 years and got richer and richer, becoming famous for having as many churches as there are weeks in the year and as many pubs as there are days in the year.Nowadays, there are far fewer churches and pubs, but in 1964 the University of East Anglia was built in Norwich. With its fast-growing student population and its success as a modern commercial centre (Norwich is the biggest centre for insuranceservices outside London), the city now has a wide choice of entertainment: theatres, cinemas, nightclubs, busy cafes, excellent restaurants, and a number of arts and leisure centres. There is also a football team, whose colours are green and yellow. The team is known as "The Canaries (金丝雀)", though nobody can be sure why.Now the city's attractions include another important development, a modern shopping centre called 'The Castle Mall'. The people of Norwich lived with a very large hole in the middle of their city for over two years, as builders dug up the main car park. Lorries moved nearly a million tons of earth so that the roof of the Mall could become a city centre park, with attractive water pools and hundreds of trees. But the local people are really pleased that the old open market remains, right in the heart of the city and next to the new development. Both areas continue to do good business, proving that Norwich has managed to mix the best of the old and the new.16 The River Wensum flows by NorwichA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 People have lived by the River Wensum for at least 2,000 yearsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Norwich has been a city since its first cathedral was builtA RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Norwich has always been one of the smallest English citiesA RightB WrongC Not mentioned。

各个题型解题技巧
完形填空 这是同学们觉得最难的一道题了，也是我们重点分析的一道题 （1）带着后面的选项快速阅读文章一次 （2）在读的过程中把选项中不懂的单词画上重线 （3）慢读文章，开始做题，不懂的跳过 （4）查字典 （5）从新开始读文章，做试题
试题整体分析
（1）本套试题的难易度在系数5.5左右 （2）A类20%，B类30%，C类50% （3）分数58分在课本中有出现 （4）成绩不是很理想，最高78分，最低23分 （5）同学们错的多的在阅读，完型，补全。 （6）重点分是在阅读上，所以阅读要加强
各个题型解题技巧
阅读理解 同上 注意阅读理解的时候，把握好时间，不要过多的去依赖查字典，有些 单词或句子不懂可以跳过
各个题型解题技巧
补全短文 （1）读题 （2 ）快速阅读文章，不要被陌生单词或者句子难住你读文章，跳过。 （3）发现题目在文章的位置，周边的标点符号，还有特殊名词。 （4）联系上下文，查看答案是否有相识的。
2015年职称英语卫生 类模拟试题解析
1各个题型解题技巧
2试题整体分析
3重点分析 4提问时间
各个题型解题技巧
1 词汇选择 （1) 读懂句子的意思，确定词汇在这句子的意思 （2）快速查看4个选项词汇的意思 （3）不要太相信词典的近义词 （4 ）出现两个选项意思相近，不要选择划线词在字典里近义词出现 的选项 （5)如何快速查字典
各个题型解题技巧
阅读判断 1 先看题目，把握题目 2 题目的句子要读懂 3 解决句子中的关键词并划线 4 开始读文章，地名，人民，学名。不要在乎太多。 5如果出现专有名词在题目中出现，重点了解 6查看是不是有相同句子或者关键的单词或者短语
各个题型解题技巧
概括大意与完成句子 1还是先看题目，1-4题只要看清A-F选项，5-8题题目选项都要了解 2题目中的关键词寻找 3读取文章

2015年职称英语《卫生类》仿真模拟试题及答案（2）第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、It is difficult to assess the importance of the decision.A.evaluatementC.discussD.report2、You must try to wipe out the memory of these horrible events.A.strangeB.terribleC.unusualD.unfair3、As the headmaster made a long speech，the ceremony was prolonged by ten minutes.A.quickenedB.enlargedC.enrichedD.lengthened4、When a man knows that he will be put into prison if he uses a potentially deadly object to rob or do harm to another person，he will think twice about it.A.passiveB.lifelongC.unhappyD.fatal5、Because of adverse weather conditions，The travelers stopped to camp.A.localB.unfamiliarC.goodD.unfavorable6、There are some things in the class the teachers will not put up with.A.tolerateB.contributeC.resistD.prohibit7、Her behavior is extremely childish.A.simpleB.immatureC.beautifulD.pretty8、Courageous people think quickly and act without hesitation.plaintB.considerationC.delayD.anxiety9、A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with thei r creativity.A.freedomB.assistanceC.cluesD.funds10、He is charming;nevertheless，I don’t quite trust him.A.howeverB.thereforeC.despiteD.afterwards11、Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A.shakenB.damagedC.fallenD.jumped12、Academic records cannot be duplicated.A.borrowedB.purchasedC.rewrittenD.copied13、We have ample money for the journey.A.someB.littleC.extraD.enough14、The failure is not horrible because it helps to accumulate useful experiences.A.increaseB.spreadC.collectD.grow15、The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A.inventedB.explainedC.consideredD.accepted参考答案词汇选项1-15 ABDDD ABCCA BDDCB第2部分：阅读判断阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

2015年职称英语卫生类C级考试阅读判断练习According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 5,900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctors’ offices last year for sprains (扭伤) and strains caused by backpacks. Such injuries are so widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians surveyed by the American of Orthopedic (整形外科的) Surgeons listed backpacks as a potential clinical problem for children.How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps (有垫的背带)and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly, so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up.I low much should you stuff into your back? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 percent of your body weight. So if a child weights 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker (储物柜) to exchange books between classes.Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground, but they have problems too. Many are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack.Roller bags often don’t fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use. 10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a good idea.16. About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. 70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Backpacks with wide, padded straps and a belt can help to avoid problems of sprains and strains.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Children should put all the books in their locker.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinary backpacks.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. A 10-15 minutes’ exercise will help you bear a heavier ba ckpack.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案：16. B. Wrong17. B. Wrong18. A. Right19. B. Wrong20. B. Wrong21. C. Not mentioned22. A. Right更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。

2015年职称英语考试也开始渐渐拉开序幕，网校编辑特意整理了职称英语考试相关复习内容，希望对您有所帮助，祝您学习愉快！Toenail Fungus CureIt has been well documented that for centuries the olive leaf has offered a natural means to cure many ailments of the body.This can also be applied as a toenail fungus cure.Oleuropein(橄榄苦甙),the name established for the agent in the olive leaf extract,is the reason why the olive leaf provides many positive attributes.Olive trees require this substance to ensure that the plant itself is quite robust so as to withstand any harsh weather situations or attacks from insects.The antimicrobial(抗菌剂)characteristic of olive leaf extract comes about when the oleuropein breaks down in the body into a certain acid.This acid interferes with a pathogen's(病原体的)ability to replicate.A beneficial byproduct of this response is that a jump start is given to the immune system,which begins to fight bacteria and infection on its own as well.Studies today show that toenail fungus is a common,infectious condition that strikes many people.It typically occurs when the immune system is down and can be difficult to eliminate from your system once contracted.Scientifically is it referred to as onychomycosis(灰指甲)which accounts for a large proportion of nail disorders and can become rather unsightly and painful.It first begins as a discoloration of sorts or a light colored spot under the tip of the toenail which then runs to spread until the entire nail itself is noticeably yellow and rough completely yellow,thick and rough.Fortunately,toenail fungus doesn't have to be accepted as a part of life.Various treatments are now available on the market to eliminate the fungus that causes this unpleasant condition.Applying the natural healing potential of olive leaf oil has proven to be a safe and natural way rid of this difficult ailment.When purchasing olive leaf extract,it is important to purchase from a reputable company as the processing of the plant must be done carefully to ensure that the extract is potent and effective.When consuming olive leaf extract it is important to start slowly to prevent what is known as Herxheimer reaction or"die-off."However,this outcome only happens when large doses are taken quickly.If the treatment begins slowly and is gradually increased,this response to detoxification is rarely seen at all.It is a preferable course of treatment to ingest a small amount of capsules on a daily basis to relieve toenail fungus.It is necessary to complete this therapy until the fungus is completely extinguished.Even as the fungus dies and the toenail starts to clear it is critical to persist with the course until the infected portion has grown out altogether.This toenail fungus cure should be accompanied by future preventions so that this will not occur again by keeping toenails clean and hygienic and to always keep them protected when visiting public areas where toenails are exposed._____________________________________________________________________1.Olive trees require leuropein to survive any harsh weather situations or attacks from insectsA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned正确答案：A解析:该题说的是：橄榄树需要橄榄苦甙是为了对抗艰苦的环境和虫害。

Sleep Problems Plague the Older SetOlder Americans often have difficulty getting a good night's rest.It's a huge quality-of-life problem,experts say,because contrary to popular belief,seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults."Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent(固有的)part of aging,"said Dr.Harrison G.Bloom,an associate clinical professor of geriatrics(老年病学)and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City." It's pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people.Yet,in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine,researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need.Older people tend to have"sleep fragmentation,"meaning they wake up more often during the night,said study author Dr.Julie Gammack,an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St.Louis University.They also seem to get less "REM"sleep,the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs,Bloom added.It's unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on a person's quality of life,Bloom said."What is important,though,is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep,"hesaid.And,experts say,there is usually more than one cause."Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses,including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea(呼吸暂停)and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations,"said Michael V.Vitiello,a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington's Northwest Geriatric Education Center.Taking multiple medications,as many older people do,can also lead to fatigue and "hypersomnia,"or being tired all the time,Bloom added.Another big problem,he noted,is depression and anxiety."Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems."Despite the prevalence(流行)of sleep difficulties in older adults,many patients aren't getting the help they need.As a result,problems like insomnia(失眠),restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated,Bloom said.1.Sleep problems can seriously affect one,s quality of life.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2.It is true that older people need less sleep than younger people.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3.Younger people in America seldom complain of sleep disorders.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4.The number of older Americans with sleep problems is not small.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5."Sleep fragmentation"refers to a marked lack of "REM"sleep.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6.The causes of sleep problems in older people remain unidentified.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7.Actions will soon be taken in America to better help people with sleep problems.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案：ABCABBCHow to Choose the Perfect StrollerFor a newborn you have to decide whether you want a pram,a car-seat frame,a travel system or a convertible stroller.As a newborn needs to lie down for the first 4-5 months of its life,a pram seems to be the perfect solution because it's bassinet-like sleeping space,but after the baby can sit up you'll need a new stroller. A pram can be also quite large and expensive.A low-cost alternative can be the car seat frame that allows you to snap your infant car seat right on top. This foldable and lightweight frame can be easily stored in the truck of your car. However after the baby outgrows the infant car seat you'll have to buy a new stroller.The travel system could seem as the perfect solution for a stroller. It can be used from birth till the baby is 3 years old. This type of stroller allows you to keep the car seat on the stroller until your baby is old enough to sit up,and then remove it and seat your baby in the stroller itself. However it can be that this system is quite heavy and not so easy to fold and shove in the car truck.If you want to leave the car seat out of the equation you might,consider a convertible stroller as it can be your companion from the first days of your child's life till he is in the toddler stage. The seat of a convertible stroller can be folded back so your newborn can ride flat but as the baby grows you can fold it up and so he can also sit upright.If you are looking for a stroller for a baby that can sit upright,you might consider a lightweight stroller,a jogger or a standard stroller depending on your all day needs.Whichever type of stroller you choose you have to look up certain features like： stability,harness(five-point harness is best),height of the handles(adjustable handle heights might be a plus),folding type and size(in order to be able to shove it into your truck)16.A pram is the best stroller for a baby before it can sit uprightA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned正确答案：A解析：该题说的是：在婴儿能够坐起之前，卧式婴儿车是最好的选择。

2015职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读判断练习题Why is this man so angry? We don't know the reason, but we can see the emotion in his face. Whatever culture you come from, you can expressing.Forty years ago, psychologist Paul Ekman of the University of California, San Francisco, became interested in how people's faces show their feelings. He took photographs of Americans expressing various emotions. Then he showed them to the Fore people, who live in the jungle in New Guinea. Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces, but they easily understood Americans' expressions of anger, happiness, sadness, disgust, fear, and surprise.Then Ekman did the same experiment in reverse. He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans, and the results were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on the Fore people's faces. Ekman's research gave powerful support to the theory that facial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere. He did more research in Japan, Brazil, and Argentina, and got the same results.According to Ekman, these six emotions are universal because they are built into our brains. They developed to help us deal with things quickly that might hurt us. Some emotional triggers are universal as well. When something suddenly comes into sight, people feel fear, because it might be dangerous. But mostemotional triggers are learned. For example, two people might smell newly cut grass. One person spent wonderful summers in the country as a child, so the smell makes him happy. The other person remembers working very hard on a farm and being hungry, so he feels sad.Once we make an emotional asssociation in our brain,it is diffficult,and sometiomes impossible,to change it.”Emotions is the least changeable part of the brain,”says Ekman.But we can learn to manage our emotions better. For instance, we can be more aware of things that make us angry and we can think before we react.There are many differences between cultures, in their languages and customs. But a smile is exactly the same everywhere.16. Paul Ekman studies people's faces in different cultures.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Ekman did research in several countries and got different results.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Americans get angry more often than the Fore people from New GuineaA. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Ekman thinks that some basic emotions are the same everywhere.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Two people might feel different emotions about the same thing.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Fear is the most difficult emotion to change.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. People of different cultures smile when they understand each other.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案：16. A 17.B 18. C 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. C更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。

2015年职称英语卫生类考试阅读判断训练题Stomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people. Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers. They could not cure them. Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers. This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain. Studies show that ten percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life. So a possible cure is good news for many people.Ulcers are wounds in the stomach that are similar to small cuts or tears. These wounds can harm the tissue in the stomach, the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or parts of the small intestines. Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer. How does a person know he or she has an ulcer? Doctors say most people with ulcers feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach. This pain often is called heart burn. It usually happens before eating or during the night. It causes some people to lose their desire to eat, or they are unable to keep food in their stomachs. Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusually strong stomach fluids, which damaged stomach tissue. Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H Pillorie. H Pillorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid. Doctors found that they can kill the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics. Health experts say the discovery of a cure for ulcers can save thousands of millions ofdollars in medical costs. They also believe curing ulcers will reduce the number of people who develop stomach cancer. The number of people with stomach cancer is very high in Japan, Southeast Asia and parts of Africa.Doctors say a person is more likely to get an ulcer if his or her family has had one. In fact a person with the family history of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other people. There are ways people can protect themselves from developing an ulcer. Doctors say it is more important to reduce the amount of strong fluids in the stomach. To do this, doctors say, people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol. And they say people should reduce tension in their lives.1. In the past, doctors could not do anything about stomach ulcers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2.Now doctors can successfully cure stomach ulcers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. Some people are likely to suffer from the stomach pain at some time in their life.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. Doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers after many years of experiments.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. There has been a change in doctors' understanding of the cause of stomach ulcer.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. Stomach ulcer can lead to stomach cancer.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. People who eat a lot of spicy food are susceptible to stomach ulcers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案：1.B2.B3.A4. C5.A6. A7. C更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。

第2部分：阅读判断。

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Osteoporosis and MenMention the word osteoporosis in the manly world of testosterone, professional basketball and the XFL, and you 're likely to get a wave of the hand and a dismissive "That 's a woman 's disease." Not so. More than 2 million American men have been found to have the thinning bones and skeletal weakness of osteoporosis, and an additional 3 million are at an increased risk of developing them.It's true that osteoporosis strikes women with much greater frequency than men - in some studies as much as four to six times as often. But that's no reason to brush it off as "their" disease. It's a mere stroke of gender luck that men's bones tend to grow larger, stronger and denser. Also paying dividends are those spots that boys (and, increasingly, girls) play as children - running up and down basketball courts, soccer and baseball fields. As it happens, physical activity is one of the more important ways to increase bone density and protect bone health.But even the most active men cannot ignore certain facts of life. All of us build up our bones during the first three decades of life, typically reaching peak bone mass in the early 30s. Around the age of 35, we begin gradually to lose some of this bone mass. Women ultimately give up between 30%. Though mass loss in men is lower, it still makes us vulnerable to back pains and bone fractures. In fact, this year aloneAmerican men will suffer as many as half a million osteoporosis-related breaks, mostly in the spine, hip and wrist. These are not only painful; thousands die each year from fracture-related plications.For many of us, however, there's still time. Of all the side effects of aging, osteoporosis is one of the more preventable, through diet, exercise and changes in lifestyle. The two key nutritional substances for bone health are calcium, which makes bones stronger, and vitamin D, which helps the body absorb the calcium.Exercising is also important, with emphasis on weight-bearing activities in which bones and muscles work against gravity. Lifting weights and working out on resistance machines can help preserve bone density.Be careful about what's in your medicine cabinet. Prolonged use of some medications, such as steroids, can weaken your bones. Smoking and drinking are both bad for bones, as is prolonged weightlessness, for anybody who plans to work on the space station.1 Men are justified in thinking that osteoporosis is a woman's disease.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 Most women also think that osteoporosis is a woman's disease.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 The kind of sport that boys often play as children is good for the build-up of their bones.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 You are prone to bone breaks if you suffer from osteoporosis.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 In general, men and women reach peak bone mass at the age of 35.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 Exercising is an important way to protect bone health.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 Weight loss is also bad for your bones.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned参考答案：1. B2. C3. A4. A5. B6. A7. CEl NinoWhile some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 El Nino a few months in advance, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predictlarge El Nino events up to two years in advance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world.Using a puter, the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate El Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare. a meteorologist at the University of California. Davis, who was not involved in the work, said it“suggests EL Nino is indeed predictable.”“This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods,”said Weare. He added that the new method“makes it possible to predict El Nino at long lead times.”Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said.The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance. The 1997 El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading, England. The 1887 El Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China, prompting the development of seasonal forecasting. Anderson said.When El Nino hit in 1991 and 1997, 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report.While predicting smaller El Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed.El Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and years.The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.练习：1. The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few months in advance.A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned2. The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past El Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures.A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned3. The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past El Nino occurrences.A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned4. Weare’s contribution in predicting El Nino, was highly praised by other meteorologists.A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned5. According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people.A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned6. It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak.A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned7. A special institute has been set up in America to study El Nino.A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned答案：BACCBACTelevision Is Doing Irrearable Harm“Yes, but what did we use to do before there was television?”How often we hear statements like this! Television hasn’t been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it, Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes we never found it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting events, We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the “goggle box”. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do anything, providing it doesn’t interfere with the programme. The monster demands absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.Whole generation are growing up addicted to the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and sleep is lost, The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living room and turning on the set. It doesn’t mater that the children will watch rubbishy mercials or spectacles of sadism(性虐狂)and violence—so long as they are quiet.There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world, Every day, television consumes vast quantities of creative work, That is why most of the programmes are so bad: it is impossible to keep pace with the demand maintain high standards as well. When millions watch the same programme, the whole world bees a village, and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in pre-literate munities (有文字之前的时期). We bee utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of munication: pictures and the spoken work.Television encourages passive enjoyment. We bee content with second-hand experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchair watching others working. Little by little“television”cuts us off from the real world. We get so lazy, we choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness, glued to our sets, rather than go out into the world itself, Television may be a splendid medium of munication, but it prevents us from municating with each other. We only bee aware how totally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilization, In quiet natural surroundings we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic (催眠)tyranny of King Telly.16 This article is about the disadvantages of television.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 We often go outside for our amusements now.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 We rush home to be in time for a programme.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19“The one-eyed monster”refers to the TV set.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 One harm of telly is to consume quantities of creative work.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 This article implies that all the TV sets in the world should be destroyed.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 Watching too much TV may not only results in the laziness but also the low ability to do things.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案：ABAAACACreating a World without SmokingSmoking will be banned in all pubs, clubs and workplaces from next year after historic votes in the mons last night. After last-minute appeals from health campaigners, MPs opted for a blanket prohibition which will start in summer 2007,ending months of argument over whether smokers should be barred in pubs and restaurants only. They voted to ban smoking in all pubs and clubs by 384 to 184, a surprisingly large majority of 200.Smoking will still be allowed in the home and in places considered to be homes, such as prisons, care homes and hotels.Smokers lighting up in banned areas will faced fixed penalty notice of￡50and spot fines of￡200 will be introduced for failing to display no-smoking signs, with the possible penalty, if the issue goes to court, increasing to￡1,000.Carpline Flint, the Public Health Minister, also announced that the fine for failing to stop people smoking in banned areas would be increased to￡2, 500 more than ten times the ￡200 originally proposed.The bill also allows the Government to increase the age for buying cigarettes. Ministers will consult on raising it from 16 to 18.The bill now goes to the Lords but will be through by the summer recess.Even a plan to allow smoking to continue in private clubs was thrown out as MPs on all sides were given permission to vote with their conscience rather than on a party line.Patricia Hewitt, the Health Secretary, said the Health Bill would ban smoking in "virtually every enclosed public place and workplace" in England and save thousands of lives a year. Smoke-free workplaces and public places "will bee the norm".She said: "An additional 600,000 people will give up smoking as a result of this law and millions more will be protected from second-hand smoke."Peter Hollins, director-general of the British Heart Foundation, said: "The vote is a landmark victory for the public health of this country and will save the lives of many people."16. h ban on smoking in all pubs, clubs and workplaces will begin in summer 2007.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. The law doesn't seem to apply to officials.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. One can nevertheless smoke at home.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. There is a possibility for the Government to raise the age for buying cigarettes.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. The Government will shut down cigarette factories in large numbers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The Government will definitely impose a much heavier tax on tobacco.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The Government will take necessary measures to help smokers give up smoking.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：16．A 7．B 18．A 19．A 20．C 21．C 22．CEruptions of Mount Saint HelensOn March 27,the U.S. Government scientists made a decision after they predicted the eruption of Mount Saint Helens.They telephoned all states and local officials in the area and told them that a serious eruption was possible at any time.Roads were closed to everyone except scientists and forest keepers struggled to keep curious visitors away from the mountain.Shortly after noon on March 27,Mount Saint Helens erupted for the first time in 123 years.People living north of the mountain heard a loud boom that shook their windows,and airline pilots flying near the volcano soonafterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2 100 meters into the sky.Later,scientists found that the explosion had made a new crater(大坑) in the top of the mountain,not far from the old crater.The north side of the peak now had a huge bulge(凸出部分) where rock and ice had been pushed out by the eruption.A second eruption shook the mountain on March28.It,too,sent up a column of black ash high into the sky.By March 29,scientists flying over the mountain saw that a second crater formed about 9 meters from the first one.Strange blue flames flickered(闪烁) inside the crater and sometimes jumped from one crater to the other.By April 1 the mountain had erupted several more times and the snow on the north slope of the peak was black with ash.Ash carried by the wind had fallen on towns as far as 240 kilometers away from Mount Saint Helens.During the first week of April,Mount Saint Helens gave scientists something new to worry about harmonic tremors(震动) recorded by scientists showed a big eruption would happen.All during April and into May Mount Saint Helens continued to shudder(震动) and shoot out ash.By April 8,the two craters had merged to form a vast hole nearly a half of a kilometer wide and 250 meters deep.Scientists' main worry during this time was the growing bulge of rock and ice on the north face of the mountain.By May 7 scientists feared the worst.Their warnings led Washington Governor to set up safety zones around the mountain.The inner“red”zone was open to scientists only.The outer“blue”zone was open only to people who got specialpermits.But in spite of these warnings,some people got past the road barriers and risked their lives trying to get close to the volcano.16. American scientists predicted that Mount Saint Helens was to erupt soon.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Pilots flying at the height of more than 2 100 meters saw a thick black column of ash and steam shooting up into the air from the crater.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. A new crater,which was to the south of the old one,was formed after the second eruption.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. The quakes recorded during the first week of April in the area of Mount Saint Helens warned scientists of a new eruption.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Two scientists lost their lives during the second eruption of Mount Saint Helens.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Most of the dreadful eruptions of Mount Saint Helens took place in early May.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The eruption of Mount Saint Helens attracted a large number of foreign tourists.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：16. A 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. C 21. A 22. CBill Gates: Unleashing Your CreativityI've always been an optimist and I suppose that is rootedin1 my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place.For as long as I can remember, I've loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a puter for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old Teletype machine and it could barely do anything pared to the puters we have today.2 But it changed my life.When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of "a puter on every desk and in every home," which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most puters were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal puters would change the world. And they have.And after 30 years, I'm still as inspired by puters as I was back in seventh grade.I believe that puters are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness- to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn't solve on their own.puters have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world's knowledge. They're helping us build munities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.3Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do, He calls it "tap-dancing to work"4. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me "tap-dance to work" is when we show people something new, like a puter that can recognizeyour handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime's worth of photos, and they say, "I didn't know you could do that with a PC5!"But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world6. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet7. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have mitted to8 improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesn't take much to make an immense difference in these children's lives10.I'm still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world's toughest problems is possible—and it's happening every, day. We're seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.I'm excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.练习：1. A puter was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high school student.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. Bill Gates has been dreaming of the popularity of puters for his lifetime.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. Bill Gates pares his hard work on a PC to "tap-dancing to work".A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. To Bill Gates' mind, there is a big difference between the death of the poor's children and the death of the rich's children.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars to the charities.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poor better their health and education as much as possible.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. Bill Gates will leave only a Small portion of his wealth for his children.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案：AABBCACThe Cookie ThiefA woman was waiting at an airport one night, with several long hours before her flight. She hunted for a book in the airport shops, bought a bag of cookies and found a place to drop. She was engrossed in her book but happened to see that the man sitting beside her, as bold as could be, grabbed acookie or two from the bag in between, which she tried to ignore to avoid a scene. So she munched the cookies and watched the clock, as the gusty cookie thief diminished her stock.She was getting more irritated as the minutes ticked by, thinking, "If I wasn't so nice, I would blacken his eye." With each cookie she took, he took one too. When only one was left, she wondered what he would do. With a smile on his face, and a nervous laugh, he took the last cookie and broke it in half. He offered her half, as he ate the other.She snatched it from him and thought.., oooh, brother. This guy has some nerve and he's also rude. Why he didn't even show any gratitude! She had never known when she had been so galled and sighed with relief when her flight was called. She gathered her belongings and headed to the gate, refusing to look back at the ingrate thief.She boarded the plane, and sank in her seat. Then she sought her book, which was almost plete. As she reached in her baggage, she gasped with surprise. There was her bag of cookies, in front of her eyes. If mine are here, she moaned in despair, the others were his, and he tried to share. Too late to apologize, she realized with grief, that she was the rude one, the ingrate, the thief.How many times in our lives have we absolutely known that something was a certain way, only to discover later that what we believed to be true...was not?1.A woman was waiting for her flight without lunch.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2.A man appeared beside the woman and persuaded herto eat some cookies.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3.The woman thought that the man was trying to steal some cookies form the bag.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4.The man went away angrily as soon as he finished the last half of the cookie.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedd5.When the woman found her cookies again in her luggage, she felt so sorry for mistaking that man for a thief.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6.Actually the man thought that the woman was homeless and had nothing to eat, so he shared his cookies with her.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7.From the story we know that sometimes we may discover that the things we are almost certain about are not true.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案：CBABACAStop Snoring -- Save Your RelationshipDo you find your day ruined because of your partner sleeping and snoring loudly beside you? Although you are trying to be the nicest partner that you are supposed to be, you can't help but be stressed at this situation. Obviously, you cannot get enough sleep because of the loud noise ing out of your partner's nose or is that his or her mouth? Every night, you just want to yell at him and say, "Stop snoring!"Yes, it can go from a simple annoyance to an actual break up. For one, you two will continuously argue about the fact theone with the snoring problem simple dismisses it as a normal sleeping disorder. But of course, since you are the one at the sour end receiving all these kinds of noises while you are trying to sleep, you can't help but argue incessantly which in some cases will eventually lead to a recurring misunderstanding and then to a final break-up.For the ones who cannot sleep because of the snoring issue, they will notice that they are often in a bad mood which affects their gusto for sex and their life in general as a couple.If you are the one snoring, then you better search for a snoring cure or means to at least lessen the noise. It is understandable that your partner can now easily bee aggravated given the fact the he or she cannot get the needed sleep especially if he or she still works during the day.Snoring has significant effects on your partner. Seeking medical advice is the best solution to this problem. It is a problem whether you accept it or not. And treatment is necessary in order for you to live life and sleep normally once again and stop snoring pletely. It can be a result of a bigger physical problem so you better have it looked at before dismissing it as normal.Snoring can be corrected. It should not be a lifetime condition. It can be indicative of a disease which is far more serious that you initially thought. To stop snoring, have it checked and better consult a specialist to seek proper advice on diet, snoring cure, exercise regimen or any other treatments available.16.Sometimes you cannot get enough sleep because your partner snores.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.Snoring may finally lead to the break up of the relationship.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.As a couple, bad sleep caused by snoring may affect their general life, but will not reduce their interests for sex.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.If your partner cannot get the sleep needed for your snoring, he/she may easily get angry with you.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.Medical treatment is the best solution to the snoring problem.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.Snoring is troublesome, but it never symbolizes an approaching disease.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.Every year, many couples divorce because of the conflict caused by snoring.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案：AABAABCSleep Problems Plague the Older SetOlder Americans often have difficulty getting a good night’s rest. It’s a huge quality-of-life problem, experts say, because contrary to popular belief，seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults.“Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent (固有的)part of aging，”said Dr. Harrison G. Bloom, an associate clinical professor of geriatrics (老年病学)and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New YorkCity.“It’s pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people.，’Yet, in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine, researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need. Older people tend to have“sleep fragmentation，”meaning they wake up more often during the night, said study author Dr. Julie Gammack, an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St. Louis University.They also seem to get less“REM”sleep, the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs, Bloom added.It's unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on a person's quality of life, Bloom said.“What is important, though, is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep，”he said. And, experts say, there is usually more than one cause.“Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses, including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea (呼吸暂停)and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations,”said Michael V. Vitiello, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington's Northwest Geriatric Education Center.Taking multiple medications, as many older people do, can also lead to fatigue and“hypersomnia，”or being tired all the time, Bloom added. Another big problem, he noted, is depression and anxiety.“Those are very monly associated with sleep problems.”Despite the prevalence (流行)of sleep difficulties in older。

2015年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. Different hypothesis have been put forward to explain why UFOs exist.A. sentenceB. commentsC. conclusionsD. Theories2. She is a lovely gracious woman.A. courteousB. curiousC. quietD. shy3. She hugged me like an old friend and invited me to dinner the next day.A. embracedB. heldC. kissedD. patted4. It was unfortunate that she had erased the message.A. heard ofB. looked ofC. spoken ofD. rubbed out5. He never grumbled about working overtime.A. talkedB. wroteC. spokeD. complained6. To start with , we need to decide who will preside over the meeting.A. chairB. attendC. celebrateD. prepare7. I must apologize for my outrageous behavior.A. courageousB. greedyC. angryD. glorious8. I think she made a blunder by announcing it ahead of time.A. decisionB. mistakeC. promiseD. plan9. He came back home ，weary and fatigued.A. scaredB. worriedC. exhaustedD. frightened10. I have to apologize for my abrupt departure yesterday.A. lateB. unfriendlyC. suddenlyD. unfold11. He was obsessed with American horror movies.A. kept thinking aboutB. took advantage ofC. paid no attention toD. cared nothing about12. You accusation is wholly without foundation.A. almostB. probablyC. cpmpletelyD. evidently13. My room is really very cosy. .A. coolB. comfortableC. coldD. clean14. Some astronomer contend that the universe may be younger than previously believed.A. predictB. argueC. thinkD. suggest15. The woman living next door is extremely slender.A. tallB. weakC. slimD. pale第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Are You Getting Enough Sleep?What happens if you don’t get enough sleep?Randy Gardner,a high school student in the United States,wanted to find out. He designed an experiment on the effects of sleeplessness for a school science project.With doctors watching him carefully, Gardner stayed awake for264hours and12minutes.That’s eleven days and nights without sleep.What effect did sleeplessness have on Gardner?After24hours without sleep,Gardner started having trouble reading and watching television.The words and pictures were too blurry(模糊).By the third day,he was having trouble doing things with his hands.By the fourth day,Gardner was hallucinating(产生幻觉).For example,when he saw a feet sign,he thought it was a person.He also imagines he was a famous football player. After the next few days,Gardner’s speech became so slurred(不清楚)that people couldn’t understand him.He also had trouble remembering things.By the eleventh day,Gardner couldn’t pass a counting test.In the middle of the test he simply stopped. He couldn’t remember what he was doing.Then Gardner finally went to bed,he slept for14hours and45 minutes.The second day he slept twelve hours,the third night he slept for ten and one-half hours,and by the fourth night,he had returned to his normal sleep schedule.Though Gardner recovered quickly,scientists believe that going without sleep gerous.They say that people should not repeat Randy’s experiment.Tests on Gardner have shown how serious sleeplessness can be.After a few weeks without-started losing their fur(皮毛).And even though the rats ate more food than weight.Eventually the rats died.During your lifetime,you will probably spend25years or more sleeping.But why purpose of sleep?Surprisingly,scientists don’t know for sure.Some sleep in order to replenish(补充)brain cells.Other scientists think body to grow and to relieve stress.Whatever the reason,we know enough sleep. Randy Gardner studied the effects of over over-sleeping. A．RightB．WrongC．Not Mentioned17、During the experiment,Gardner slept for two hours every night.A．RightB．WrongC．Not Mentioned18、During the experiment,Gardner had trouble speaking clearly.A．RightB．WrongC．Not Mentioned19、It took four days for Gardner to recover from the experiment. A．RightB．WrongC．Not Mentioned20、Going without sleep is not dangerous for white rats. A．RightB．WrongC．Not Mentioned21、Scientists are not sure why we need sleep.A．RightB．WrongC．Not Mentioned22、People sleep less than they used to.A．RightB．WrongC．Not MentionedScotland:A Land of WisdomIn the1740s,the famous French philosopher Voltaire said"We look to Scotland for all ourideas of civilization."That's nota bad advertisement for any country when it comes toattracting people to search for a first-class education.According to the American author Arthur Herman,the Scots invented the modern worlditself.He argues that Scottish thinkers.and intellectuals worked out many of the most importantideas on which modern life depend--everything from the scientific method to marketeconomics.Their ideas did not just spread among intellectuals,but to those people in business,government and the sciences who actually shaped the Western world.It all started during the period that historians call the Scottish Enlightenment(启蒙运动),which is usually seen as taking place between the years1740and1800,Before that, philosophywas mainly concerned with religion.For the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment,the properstudy of humanity was mankind itself.Their reasoning was practical.For the philosopher David Hume, humanity was the rightsubject for philosophy because we can examine human behavior and so find real evidence of howpeople think and feel.And from that we can make judgments about the societies we live in andmake concrete suggestions about how they can be improved,for universal benefit.Hume's enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the scientific method——the pursuit of truth through experiment.His friend and fellow resident of Edinburgh, AdamSmith,famously applied the study of mankind to the ways in which mankind does business.Trade,he argued,was a form of information.In pursuing our own interests through trading inmarkets,we all come to benefit each other.Smith's idea has dominated modern views of economics.It also has wide applications.Hewas one of the philosophers to point out that nations can become rich,free and powerful throughpeace,trade and invention.Although the Scottish Enlightenment ended a long time ago,the ideas which evolved at thattime still underpin(构成……的基础)our theories of human exchange and enquiry.It als0exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence withorientation(方向).Scotland is the right place to receive a first-class education. A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned17、According to Arthur Herman,the Scots developed many important ideas which modern life depends on.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned18、Philosophers had come to know the importance of studying humanity even before the Scottish Enlightenment took place. A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned19、David Hume was the first philosopher to study mankind. A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned20、Smith's idea has extensive applications,A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned21、Our current theories of human exchange and enquiry have nothing to do with the ideas developed during the Scottish Enlightenment.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned22、Smith died in1800.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentionedPetitionsPetitions(请愿书)have long been a part of British political life.Anyone who wanted tochange something would get a list of signatures from people who agreed to the idea and eithersend them to the government or deliver them personally to the Prime Minister's house inLondon.They are always accepted at the door by one of the PM's officials. What happens then?Nothing much,usually.But petitions have always been thought of as a useful way for those whogovern to find out what the people really think.That's why the UK government launched its"e-petition"site in November2006.Instead ofphysically collecting signatures,all anyone with an idea has to do now is to make a proposal onthe government website,and anyone who supports the idea is free to add his or her signature.The petitions soon started to flow in.The idea was for the British people to express theirconstructive ideas.Many chose instead to express their sense of humor.One petitioner called on Tony Blair to"stop the Deputy Prime Minister eating so much".Another wanted to expel(驱逐) Scotland from the United Kingdom because Scottish footballfans never support England in the World Cup.Other petitioners called on the Prime Minister to abolish the monarchy.Some wanted togive it more power.Some wanted to oppose the United States.Others wanted to leave theEuropean Union.Some wanted to send more troops to Iraq and others wanted them all broughthome.Some wanted to adopt the euro(欧元). Others wanted to keep the pound.Yet if some petitions are not serious,others present a direct challenge to government policy.A petition calling on the government to drop plans to charge drivers for using roads hasalready drawn around1.8million signatures.In response to that,a rival petition has been postedin support of road pricing. And that is also rapidly growing.There are about60million people in Britain,so it is understandable that the governmentwants to find out what people are thinking.But the problem with the e-petition site seems to bethat the British people have about70million opinions, and want the Prime Minister to hear all ofthem.Perhaps he could start a petition asking everyone to just shut up for a while.A petition needs to be signed.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned17、The Prime Minister reads petitions every day.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned18、A petition has to be mailed to the Prime Minister's house in London.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned19、Petitions have been taken to be one of the ways for the British people to express their ideas.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned20、No other governments have launched their e-petition sites. A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned21、All petitions are serious.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned22、It is impossible for the Prime Minister to hear all of the opinions.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentionedNew Product Will Save LivesDrinking water that looks clean may still contain bugs(虫子), which can cause illness.Asmall company called Genera Technologies has produced a testing method in three stages,which shows whether water is safe.The new test shows if water needs chemicals added to it,todestroy anything harmful.It was invented by scientist Dr.Adrian Parton,who started Generafive years ago.He and his employees have developed the test together with a British watercompany. Andy Headland,Genera's marketing director,recently presented the test at a conference inthe USA and forecast good American sales for it.Genera has already sold11of its tests at$42, 500a time in the UK and has a further four on order.It expectsto sell another25testsbefore the end of March.The company says it is the only test in the UK to be approved by thegovernment.Genera was formed five years ago and until October last year had only five employees;itnow employs14.Mr.Headland believes that the company should make around$19million bythe end of the year in the UK alone.Genera Technologies has developed a method that determines whether water is clean.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned17、Before he set up Genera,Dr.Parton had worked for a British water company.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned18、The new prodcuct has been a commercial success in the USA. A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned19、Each of the tests costs$42,500.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned20、Genera Technologies orders25more tests before the end of the year.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned21、The British government is helping Dr.Parton to sell the tests abroadA．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned22、Genera has increased the number of its employees recently. A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentionedThe Threat to KiribatiThe people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future,their countrywill disappear from the face of the earth literally.Several times this year,the Pacific islandnation has been flooded by a sudden high tide.These tides,which swept across the island anddestroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain."This never happened before,"say the older citizens of Kiribati.What is causing these mysterious high tides?The answer may well be global warming.When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants(污染物)are released;thesepollutants trap heat in the earth's atmosphere.Warmer temperatures cause water to expand andalso create more water by melting glaciers(冰川)and polar(极地的)ice caps.If the trend continues,scientists say,many countries will suffer,Bangladesh,for example,might lose one-fifth of its land.The coral(珊瑚)island nations of the Pacific,like Kiribati andthe Marshall Islands,however,would face an even worse fate--they would be swallowed bythe sea.The loss of these coral islands would be everyone's loss.Coral formations are home tomore species than any other place on earth.The people of these nations feel frustrated.The sea,on which their economies have alwaysbeen based,is suddenly threatening their existence.They don't have the money for expensivetechnological solutions like seawalls.And they have no control over the pollutants,which arebeing released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries.All they cando is to hopethat industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned17、High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned18、The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned19、Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned20、The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history of civilization,A．RightB．WrongC．Not menttioned21、The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming. A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned22、Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentioned。

2015年职称英语《卫生类》仿真模拟试题及答案（1）第一部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A explainedB inventedC consideredD accepted2 He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavyB strongC kindD wild3 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A makingB takingC discussingD expecting4 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A wasteB buyC useD sell5 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A functionB abilityC powerD volume6 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tenselyB nearlyC carefullyD closely7 Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.A supportedB excitedC inspiredD directed8 The book provides a concise analysis of the country's history.A cleanB perfectC realD brief9 It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.A suggestedB warnedC statedD confirmed10 The council meeting terminated at 2 o'clock.A beganB continuedC endedD resumed11 A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A signB substituteC proofD target12 However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.A reluctantB eagerC pleasedD angry13 It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.A limitB controlC replaceD offset14 The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.A denyB investigateC stressD create15 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A graduallyB suddenlyC excessivelyD exceptionally词汇选项：ACCCD DADCC AABBA第二部分-阅读判断A Pay Rise or Not?"Unless I get a rise, I'll have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley," George Strong said to himself. George liked his job and he liked the town he lived in, but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family. That was why he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham,a nearby city, about 50 miles away. He had been offered a job in a factory there, and the pay was far better.George lived in Wyeford, a medium-sized town. He really liked the place and didn't like the idea of moving somewhere else, but if he took the job in Birmingham, he would have to move his family there.Henry Manley was the manager of a small company manufacturing electric motors. The company was in deep trouble because, among other reasons, the Japanese were selling such things at very low prices. As a result, Manley had to cut his own prices and profits as well. Otherwise he would not get any orders at all. Even then, orders were still not coming in fast enough, so that there was no money for raises (加工资) for his workers Somehow, he had to struggle along and keep his best workers as well. He sighed. Just then the phone rang.His secretary told him that George Strong wanted to see him as soon as possible. Manley sighed again. He could guess what it was about. George Strong was a very young engineer. The company had no future unless it could attract and keep men like him Manley rubbed his forehead (前额); his problems seemed endless.1 Henry Manley was already deeply in debt.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 The job that had been offered to George in Birmingham paid better.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 If George took the job in Birmingham, he would have to leave his family at Wyeford.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 Henry Manley's company was in deep trouble.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 Henry Manley's company was making enough profits to raise the workers' wages.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 Henry Manley had no idea at all why George Strong wanted to see him.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 George Strong was the best engineer in Henry Manley's company.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned阅读判断：1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段1选择个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Before the widespread use of computers,managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a company's activities.The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used.Today,managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments.In place of a few financial controls,managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area of their company.On any kinds of performance measures,the information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results,find out problems,and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes.The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply changed management control in many companies.Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computers to control sales,billing,and other activities.In large companies,electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations.Now,there are about24million microcomputers in use in the United States——one for every10citizens.It is estimated that by1996,61percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station.In order for managers to be sure thatthe computer-based information they are receiving is accurate,they need to understand how computers work.However,in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computers.Rather,managers should understand how computerized information systems work;how they are developed;their limitations and costs;and the manner in which information systems may be used.Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve.One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.16.Today,conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shopA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.At present about10%of American citizens possess a microcomputer.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.One thing that managers do not have to understand is howcomputers work.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedputerized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：16.A17.B18.B19.A20.B21.CStudents'EyesightLeonard Turkel couldn't believe his ears when he learned what happened to the results of eye screenings of thousands of Miami-Dade County public school students.Although the tests are mandated by the state,the businessman-turned-philanthropist discovered that nobody was actually using the scores to ensure that kids could see the blackboard in class.Today,a sight-laboratory-in-a-bus financed by Turkel pulls up to schools in low-income areas,not only providing eyesighttests for children but also ensuring that glasses,when needed,are made and delivered within days—all for free.It was in the mid-1990s that Turkel started the sight program almost by chance.Important in opening a primary care center in the low-income Miami community of Overtown,Turkel said he was told that the eye screening he was planning for children was already being done by the school system.But then he learned that the results of school screenings—to be performed several times during a child's schooling,along with tests for hearing and scoliosis—were essentially sitting in drawers.The school system could tell anybody who asked how many kids had failed sight screenings,but nobody was getting the kids help.Turkel decided to change that."Once the kids who need help are identified,there had to be a way to go to the schools and provide them with whatever they needed,"said Turkel,president of the Miami-based nonprofit Turkel Resource Foundation and co-founder of the University of Miami business school's Center for Nonprofit Management. The program,which at its height has served about6,000students a year,has faced financial obstacles but is operating today under a new grant and with the help of14organizations.All schools in the360,000-student system are now covered by theprogram.1.Leonard Turkel felt surprised at the results of eye screenings of the studentsA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2.Leonard Turkel used to be a philanthropist,but now he has turned a businessmanA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3.A sight-laboratory-in-a-bus provides poor areas with eyesight tests and glasses for freeA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4.In the mid-1990s,Turkel found no organization was doing eyesight screening for the students,so he started his planA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5.Much was done by school to help the students who had bad hearing and scoliosis test resultsA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6.Turkel Resource Foundation provides free service to the school kids who need help and makes a lot of money from the foreign trade with other countriesA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7.The students from all schools add up to360,000A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案：ABABBBAPlants in DeserOnly special plants can survive the terrible climate of a desert,for these are regions where the annual range of the soil temperature can be over75℃.Furthermore,during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plants from the sun's ray.Another problem is the fact that there are frequently strong winds which drive small,sharp particles of sand into the plants,tearing and damaging them.The most difficult problem for all forms of plant life,however,is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks in spring. Grasses and flowers in desert survive from one year to the next by existing through the long,hot,dry season in the form of seeds.These seeds remain inactive unless the right amount of rain falls.If no rain falls,or if insufficient rain falls,they wait until the next year,or even still the next.Another factor that helps these plants to survive is the fact that their life cycles are short.By the time that water from the spring rains disappears——just a few weeks after it falls-such plants no longer need any.The perennials have special features which enable them to survive as plants for several years.Thus,nearly all desertperennials have extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground.The large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in a short time.The small shoot system,on the other hand,considerably limits water loss by evaporation.Another feature of many desert perennials is that after the rainy season they lose their leaves in preparation for the long,dry season,just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter.This reduces their water loss by evaporation during the dry season.Then,in next rainy season,they come fully alive once more,and grow new branches,leaves and flowers,just as the grasses and flowers in desert do.练习：1.Ordinary plants are unable to survive in the desert mainly because of the changeable weather.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2.Grasses and flowers in desert are able to survive because they stay in the form of seeds to wait for the right amount of water to come.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3.Grasses and flowers in the desert whose life cycles are shortshows their ability to adapt to the quick disappearance of rainwater there after it falls in spring.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4.Winter is the toughest season for grasses and flowers to survive.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5.The shoot system of perennials can help the plants absorb less of the sun's ray.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6.The theme of the second last paragraph is why the perennials can survive as plants for several years.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7.Desert perennials lose their leaves after the rainy season just lose theirs in wetter climates before winter arrives,but the reasons for this feature are different.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案：BABCAABLoss or GainWhen my athletic career as a baseball player was on track in 1960,I was diagnosed with sarcoma in my right shoulder,which sent me to the hospital.The All-Star Team went to Hawaii,and I went to the hospital.I was really bitter and angry and hurtand outraged,but we didn't have an therapy in those days that said you needed to grieve a loss.I was denying it right away by saying I could handle it."What’s this?"I said."Just a mastectomy and the loss of an arm."It was about thirty-five years ago.Then,about twenty-five years ago,I went through another very difficult time.Job loss,loss of a relationship.You know,"Loss,loss,and loss."I went to a counselor,Ray Chapman who took me through a grieving process,because I had never grieved the loss of my athletic career,the loss of my physical wholeness,any losses,and he said that goodness could come out of this.After my second meeting with Ray Chapman,I got a job as a mechanic,and I became kind of famous.I was the"One Armed Mechanic,"installing engines and such.It really came back to me then that had I not gone through the cancer,I wouldn't have become a mechanic and later a hot racer.I also later met a wonderful woman with whom I had a ten-year relationship which led to the birth of my son.I found that for me,goodness and beauty have come out of deformity.I still use the words ugliness and crippledness.My friends try to tell me that I am not crippled.But what they don't understand is that I am,and what I have done is in spite of what's been done to me.I try to remind them that we're allcrippled in some way.I say,"I can't see what cripples you.I can't see what you've been through.I have an advantage over you,because I see it every day."1.The writer was once a basketball playerA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2.There was no counseling twenty-five year ago to help a person recover from a loss.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3.According to the passage,the writer suffered two losses in his lifeA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4.It was Ray Chapman who helped the writer find a job as mechanicA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5.The writer discovered that the setbacks he had turned outlater to be blessingsA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6.The writer's ex-girlfriend left him because of his illness and povertyA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7.The writer believes everybody is crippled in some way,only that others can't see itA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案：BBBCACAIf you're worried about the possibility of a coming bird flu epidemic,you can take comfort in the fact that humanity has survived a similar influenza epidemic in the past.Starting its rounds at the end of World War I,the1918flu killed an estimated 50million people.Popularly known as the Spanish Flu,this type of influenza was far worse than your common cold.Normally,influenza only killsthose who are more vulnerable to disease,such as newborns,the old or the sick.However,the Spanish Flu was prone to killing the young and healthy.Often it would disable its victims in hours;within a day,they would be dead,typically from extreme cases of pneumonia.The Spanish Flu was quite nasty-fast-spreading and deadly.It managed to spread across the globe,devastating the world.Then suddenly,after two years ravaging the Earth,it disappeared as quickly as it had arisen.Despite its nickname,the Spanish Flu did not originate in Spain.Its true origins are unknown.Some believe it started in US forts and then spread to Europe as America joined the war;others think that it populated the trenches of the English and the French and eventually broke out in1918.Regardless of where it started,eventually a fifth of the world population suffered the disease,with a global mortality rate estimated at 2.5%of the population.Modernity was partly to blame for the quick spread of the disease.It passed throughout the world on trade routes and shipping lines.It hit Northern America,Europe,Asia,Africa and the South Pacific.The war did not help at all-the movement of supplies and troops aided the spread of the Spanish Flu,as wellas the trench warfare.Imagine the speed at which a virus can spread in a crowded ditch.The fast emergence of the virus in the trenches caused some soldiers to believe that the Spanish Flu was a new form of biological warfare.Luckily,the Spanish Flu simply vanished by1920.It is believed the flu simply ran out of fuel to spread.1.The Spanish Flu started during World War I.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2.The Spanish Flu posed a greater threat to the old and the sick.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3.As the Spanish Flu was spreading,people in Australia were worried.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4.The Spanish Flu disappeared two years after it broke out.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5.The Spanish Flu was named after the place where it started.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6.About half of the people in the world suffered from the Spanish Flu.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7.Biological warfare originated in the20th century.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioneded参考答案：ABCABBC。

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第十一篇Disease I Diagnosis, Treatment and PreventionDisease may be defined as the abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on1 all its required functions. There are marked variations in the extent of the disease and in its effect on the person.In order to treat a disease, the doctor obviously must first determine the nature of the illness —that is, make a diagnosis2. A diagnosis is the conclusion drawn from a number of facts put together. The doctor must know the symptoms, which are the changes in body function felt by the patient; and the signs (also called objective symptoms) which the doctor himself can observe. Sometimes a characteristic group of signs (or symptoms) accompanied a given disease. Such a group is called a syndrome. Frequently certain laboratory tests are performed and the results evaluated3 by the physician in making his diagnosis.Although nurses do not diagnose, they play an extremely valuable role in this process by observing closely for signs, encouraging the patient to talk about himself and his symptoms, and then reporting this information to the doctor. Once the patient‘s d isorder is known, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, also referred to as therapy4. Many measures in this course of treatment are carried out by the nurse under the physician‘s orders.In recent years physicians, nurses and other health workers have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention5. Throughout most of medical history, the physician‘s aim has been to cure a patient of an existing disease6. However, the modern concept of prevention seeks to stop disease before it actually happens — to keep people well through the promotion of health. A vast number of organizations exist for this purpose, ranging from the World Health Organization (WHO) on an international level down to local private and community health programs7. A rapidly growing responsibility of the nursing profession is educating individual patients toward the maintenance of total health — physical and mental.词汇：marked / mɑ:kt/ adj.显着的syndrome /'sɪndrəʊm/ n. 综合征，症候群symptom /'sɪmptəm/ n.症候，症状therapy /'θerəpɪ/ n.疗法，治疗sign /saɪn/ n. 病体；体征注释：1.carry sth. on：继续；进行；维持下去2.make a diagnosis：做出诊断3....the results evaluated…：此句中在evaluated之前省略了与前面are performed相同的助动词are。

2015年职称英语考试卫生类B级全真模拟题及答案第 1 部分：词汇选项（第1-15 题，每题1 分，共1 5 分）下面每个句子中均有1 个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。

I．The government has launched a massive campaign against crimes in the big cities.A. proposedB. decidedC. begunD. studied2. It is very considerate of you to remember m y birthday.A. thoughtfulB. considerableC. carefulD. concerned3.1 was amazed at the beauty of the mountain w h e n I reached the top.A. excitedB. astonishedC. happyD. shocked4. The widespread use of X -rays poses the risk of overexposure to radiation.A. medicalB. spaciousC. experimentalD. general5. M y life is more precious to m e than m y property.A. valuableB. profitableC. dearD. noble6. H e made a great show of reluctance, but finally accepted m y offer.A. emotionB. unwillingnessC. angerD. postpone7. His success in work has tempted many to try this n e w method.A. attractedB. calledC. inspiredD. implied8. She could fix the machine without referring to the instructions.A. understandingB. observingC. consultingD. obtaining9. 1 didn’t have much confidence in m y talent as an actor.A. wisdomB. giftC. performanceD. show10. Her death was a great grief to him and I doubt if he ever recovered afterwards.A. got byB. got throughC. got onD. got offII．Revolutionary developments in China’s astronomy took place in the 1960’s.A. co m m e n c e dB. occurredC. were disputedD. were exchanged12. The polar lights, one of the most unusual phenomena in nature, is beautiful to behold.A. viewB. relateC. sketchD. withhold13. A supernova ( 超新星) is a star that explodes and then slowly fades to less than its original brightness.A. sizeB. weightC. radianceD. importance14. Over six million citizens of the United States benefit from private pension plans each year.A. unauthorizedB. confidential C . nontransferable D. non-governmental15. Since the 1950’s, literary critics have attempted to answer the question: When did children ' s literature first emerge as a distinct literary genre?A. improveB. appearC. conformD. respond第 2 部分：阅读判断（第16-22 题，每题1 分，共7 分）下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A ; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B ; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C 。

职称英语考试卫生类阅读模拟试题2015职称英语考试卫生类阅读模拟试题A new experimental vaccine (疫苗) has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer.In a small Texas-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas, USA, cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study.Forty-three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials.Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in the advanced stages of the disease.They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months, and were carefully monitored for three years.In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer, the disease disappeared and in the others, it did not spread for five to twenty-four months.However, no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.This new vaccin e uses the patients’ own immune system.It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg.It stimulates the body's immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful, and attacks and destroys them.The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer.It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general, although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.16.The vaccine cured all the participants in the trial.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.Over forty people participated in the study.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.Patients in the early stages of the disease recovered more quickly in the trial.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.All the patients were from Dallas.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.Every patient was injected with the same vaccine.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.The vaccine activates the immune system.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.The vaccine may be useful for treating other cancers.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：BABCBAA【2015职称英语考试卫生类阅读模拟试题】。