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2015年职称英语考试卫生类考前模拟试卷:阅读判断

2015年职称英语考试卫生类考前模拟试卷:阅读判断
2015年职称英语考试卫生类考前模拟试卷:阅读判断

If you're worried about the possibility of a coming bird flu epidemic,you can take comfort in the fact that humanity has survived a similar influenza epidemic in the past.Starting its rounds at the end of World War I,the1918flu killed an estimated50million people.

Popularly known as the Spanish Flu,this type of influenza was far worse than your common cold.Normally,influenza only kills those who are more vulnerable to disease,such as newborns, the old or the sick.However,the Spanish Flu was prone to killing the young and healthy.Often it would disable its victims in hours;within a day,they would be dead,typically from extreme cases of pneumonia(肺炎).

The Spanish Flu was quite nasty-fast-spreading and deadly. It managed to spread across the globe,devastating the world. Then suddenly,after two years ravaging(蹂躏)the Earth,it disappeared as quickly as it had arisen.

Despite its nickname,the Spanish Flu did not originate in Spain.Its true origins are unknown.Some believe it started in US forts and then spread to Europe as America joined the war; others think that it populated the trenches of the English and the French and eventually broke out in1918.Regardless of where it started,eventually a fifth of the world population suffered

the disease,with a global mortality rate(死亡率)estimated at 2.5%of the population.

Modernity was partly to blame for the quick spread of the disease.It passed throughout the world on trade routes and shipping lines.It hit Northern America,Europe,Asia,Africa and the South Pacific.The war did not help at all-the movement of supplies and troops aided the spread of the Spanish Flu,as well as the trench warfare.Imagine the speed at which a virus can spread in a crowded ditch.The fast emergence of the virus in the trenches caused some soldiers to believe that the Spanish Flu was a new form of biological warfare.

Luckily,the Spanish Flu simply vanished by1920.It is believed the flu simply ran out of fuel to spread.

1.The Spanish Flu started during World War I.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

2.The Spanish Flu posed a greater threat to the old and the sick.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

3.As the Spanish Flu was spreading,people in Australia were worried.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

4.The Spanish Flu disappeared two years after it broke out.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

5.The Spanish Flu was named after the place where it started.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

6.About half of the people in the world suffered from the Spanish Flu.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

7.Biological warfare originated in the20th century.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

参考答案:1A2B3C4A5B6B7C

Health care in the US is well-known but very expensive. Paying the doctor's bill after a major illness or accident can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.

In the US,a person's company,not the government,pays for health insurance.

Employers have contracts with insurance companies,which pay for all or part of employees'doctors'bills.

The amount that the insurance company will pay out to a patient differs wildly.It all depends on what insurance the employer pays.The less the boss pays to the insurance company, the more the employee has to pay the hospital each time he or she gets sick.In2004,the average worker paid an extra US$558 a year,according to a San Francisco report.

The system also means many Americans fall through the cracks(遭遗漏).In2004,only61per cent of the population received health insurance through their employers,according to the report.The unemployed,self-employed,part-time workers and graduated students with no jobs were not included.

Most US university students have a gap between their last day of school and their first day on the job.Often,they are

no longer protected by their parents'insurance because they are now considered independent adults.They also cannot buy university health insurance because they are no longer students.

Another group that falls through the gap of the US system is international students.All are required to have health insurance and cannot begin their classes without it.But exact policies(保险单)differ from school to school.

Most universities work with health insurance companies and sell their own standard plan for students Often,buying the school plan is required,but luckily it's also cheaper than buying direct from the insurance company.

1In the US,a person's company buys him or her health insurance.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

2All employees in the US have the same kind of health insurance.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

3In2004,most of the unemployed in the US were women.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

4In the US,graduated students with no jobs can buy university health insurance.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

5All international students in the US have to buy health insurance.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

6The international students in the US work harder than the American students.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

7The health care system in the US takes care of everyone in the country.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

参考答案:

1.A

2.B

3.C

4.B

5.A

6.C

7.B

As many as20%of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder2called dyslexia. Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease.They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way.One of the world's great thinkers and scientists.Albert Einstein was dyslexic.Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do.He said that he thought in pictures instead.The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic.Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than80years ago.Many years passed before

doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled.The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different.In most people,the left side of the brain3——the part that controls language is larger than the right side.In persons with dyslexia,the right side of the brain is bigger.Doctors are not sure what causes this difference.However,research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females,and it is found more often in persons who are left handed4.No one knows the cause of dyslexia,but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a baby's body long before it is born.They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia.Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help.After they have solved their problems with language,they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative.

1.One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

2.Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

3.The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

4.The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

5.Generally speaking,dyslexia is more common in left-handed males than in right-handed females.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

6.It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a baby's mother.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

7.Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative one they have learned to handle language properly.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

参考答案:A、C、A、B、A、C、A

Before the widespread use of computers,managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a company's activities.The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used.Today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments.In place of a few financial controls, managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area of their company.On any kinds

of performance measures,the information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems,and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes.

The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply changed management control in many companies.Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computers to control sales, billing,and other activities.In large companies,electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations.

Now,there are about24million microcomputers in use in the United States——one for every10citizens.It is estimated that by1996,61percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station.In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information they are receiving is accurate,they need to understand how computers work.However,in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computers.Rather,managers should understand how computerized information systems work;how they are developed;their limitations and costs;and the manner in which information systems may be used.Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve.

One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.

1Today,conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

2It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shop

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

3At present about10%of American citizens possess a microcomputer.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

4One thing that managers do not have to understand is how computers work.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

5In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

6Computerized firms would rather employ business

graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

参考答案:

1.A

2.B

3.B

4.A

5.B

6.C

Scientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV),one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The expels say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune(免疫的)defenses,making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observef

A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗)trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have"far wider applications".

The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it

involves making use of a virus which has caused more than22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was"shocking''but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.

Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years,breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学)have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.

Unfortunately.the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.

The HIV virus has the ability to escape frOm。and then destroy,the Immune defense

cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of

secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.

1.FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

2.The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

3.HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removed

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

4.The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the body's immune cells

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

5.Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soon

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

6.It is the lack of money that has held uD the progress in using replacement genes to cure cancen

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

7.The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

答案: 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.B7. C

The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future,their country will disappear from the face of the earth-literally.Several times this year,the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides,which swept across the island and destroyed houses,came when there was neither wind nor rain.“This never happened before,”say the older citizens of Kiribati.

What is causing these mysterious high tides?The answer may well be global warming.When fuels like oil and coal are being

burned,pollutants(污染物)are released;these pollutants trap heat in the earth's atmosphere.Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川)and polar(极地的)ice caps.

If the trend continues,scientists say,many countries will suffer.Bangladesh,for example,might lose one-fifth of its land.The coral(珊瑚)island nations of the Pacific,like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands,however,would face an even worse fate-they would be swallowed by the sea.The loss of these coral islands would be everyone's loss.Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth.

The people of these nations feel frustrated.The sea,on which their economies have always been based,is suddenly threatening their existence.They don't have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls.And they have no control over the pollutants,which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries.All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.

1The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

2High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

3The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

4Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

5The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history of civilization.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

6The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

7Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

【参考答案】1.A2.A3.B4.B5.C6.A7.C

Breakfast is not only the most important meal of the day, but also the most neglected or https://www.doczj.com/doc/5e79131.html,mon reasons for not eating breakfast include lack of time,not feeling hungry, traditional dislike for breakfast,and dieting.

Breakfast simply means the fast.Your body spends at least six to twelve hours each night in a fasting state.In the morning your body needs energy to rev up(转动起来)into high gear for the day’s work ahead.

If you skip breakfast,you are likely to concentrate less effectively in the late morning,feel irritable(易怒

的),short-tempered,tired,or weak.

When you choose not to eat breakfast,your body stays in slow gear.Also,people who skip breakfast often binge(无节制的吃)later in the day at other meals or eat a high-calorie snack in the morning.breakfast eaters tend to eat less fat during the day,have more strength and endurance and better concentration and problem solving ability.

Not hungry in the morning?well,what time was dinner? Did you have a large evening snack?A large dinner or a large bedtime snack can cause you to not feel hungry in the morning. It makes sense to eat more in the morning when there is a full day of activity ahead of you.Instead we,tend to have our largest meal in the evening when we are gearing down for sleep.

A good breakfast should provide up1/3of your total calorie needs for the day.On the average we eat400less calories for breakfast then for dinner.If breakfast doesn’t appeal to you in the morning,try eating a lighter diner earlier in the evening or save half your dinner for breakfast in the morning.

1.the writer thinks breakfast can be neglected or skipped in the day.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

2.some people do not eat breakfast because they want to

lose weight.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

3.if a person does not have breakfast,he would likely find it hard to pay close attention to what he is doing.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

4.a good breakfast should provide up half of your total calorie needs for the day.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

5.the best breakfast foods are fruits,juice,lean meat, and grain products such as breads,rice,noodles,and cereals.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

6.eating breakfast regularly can help you lose weight.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

7.to make a breakfast more attractive,we can eat lighter dinner early in the evening.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

参考答案:B A A B C C A

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