英文会计
科目：
Typical charts of accounts for different types of businesses(不同类型企业的典型会计科目表)
A simple service corporation(简单的服务业型企业适用的科目)
(assets)资产类科目
Cash 现金
Accounts receivable 应收帐款
Allowance for uncollectible accounts 坏帐准备
Notes receivable,short term 应收票据（短期）
Interest receivable 应收利息
Supplies 易耗物资
Prepaid rent 预付租金
Prepaid insurance 预付保险
Notes receivable,long-term 应收票据（长期）
Land 土地
Furniture 家具
Accumulated depreciation—furniture 累计折旧――家具
Equipment 设备
Accumulated depreciation—Equipment累计折旧――家具
Buildings建筑物
Accumulated depreciation—Buildings累计折旧――建筑物
Liabilities(负债类)
Accounts payable应收帐款
Notes payable，short-term 应付票据（短期0
Salary payable 应付薪金
Wages payable 应付工资
Payroll taxes payable 应付工资税
Emplyee benefits payable 应付职工福利费
Interest payable 应付利息
Unearned service revenue 未实现服务收入
Notes,payable,long-term应付票据（长期）
Stockholder’s equity（股东权益类）
Common stock 普通股
Retained earnings留存收益
Dividends股利
Revenues and gains（收入与利得类）
Service revenue 服务收入
Interest revenue 利息收入
Gain on sale of land(furniture,equipment,or building) 土地（家具、设备、或建筑物）销售收入
Expenses and losses（费用与损失类）
Salary expense工资费用
Payroll tax expense 所得税费用
Employee benefits expense职工福利费用
Rent expense 租赁费用
Insurance expense 保险费用
Supplies expense 易耗物资费用
Uncollectible account expense 坏账费用
Depreciation expense—furniture折旧费用――家具
Depreciation expense—equipment折旧费用――设备
Depreciation expense—building折旧费用――建筑物
Property tax expense财产税费用
Interest expense 利息费用
Miscellaneous expense杂费
Loss on sale (or exchange) of land (furniture,equipment,or building )土地（家具、设备或建筑物）销售（或变更）损失
service partnership合伙制服务企业
same as service corporation,except for owners’ equity与简单的服务企业类似，但所有者权益类科目不同
owner equity所有者权益类
partner1,capital 资本……
partner n,capital 资本
partner1,drawing 提款……
partner n,drawing 提款
A complex merchandising corporation 复杂的商业类型的企业适用科目
asset(资产类)
cash现金
short-term investments短期投资
Accounts receivable应收帐款
Allowance for uncollectible accounts坏帐准备
Notes receivable,short term应收票据（短期）
Interest receivable应收利息
Inventory存货
Supplies易耗物资
Prepaid rent预付租金
Prepaid insurance预付保险
Notes receivable, long-term应收票据（长期）
Investments in subsidiaries对子公司的投资
Investments in stock(available-for-sale securities)股票投资（准备售出）Investments in bonds(held-to-maturity securities)债券投资（持有至到期日）Other receivables,long-term其他应收款项（长期）
Land 土地
Land improvements土地改良
Furniture and fixtures家具和固定设施
Accumulated depreciation—furniture and fixture累计折旧――家具和固定设施Equipment设备
Accumulated depreciation—Equipment累计折旧――设备
Buildings建筑物
Accumulated depreciation—Buildings累计折旧－建筑物Organization cost 开办费Franchises特许权
Patents专利
Leaseholds融资租入资产
Goodwill商誉
Liabilities(负债类)
Accounts payable应付账款
Notes payable，short-term应付票据（短期）
Current portion of bonds payable到期应付债券
Salary payable应付薪金
Wages payable应付工资
Payroll taxes payable应交工资税
Emplyee benefits payable 应付职工福利
Interest payable 应付利息
Income tax payable应付所得税
Unearned sales revenue 未实现销售收入
Notes,payable,long-term应付票据（长期）
Bonds payable应付债券
Lease liability租赁负债
Minority interest少数股东权益（利）
Stockholder’s equity(股东权益类)
Preferred stock优先股
Paid-in capital in excess of
par-preferred股本溢价――优先股Common stock 普通股
Paid-in capital in excess of
par-common股本溢价――普通股
Paid-in capital from treasury stock transaction 股本溢价――库藏股票
Paid-in capital from retirement
of stock 股本溢价－股票回购
Retained earnings留存收益
Foreign currency translation adjustment外币折算调整
treasury stock库藏股票
Revenues and gains(收入与利得类)
Sales revenue销售收入
Interest revenue利息收入
Dividend revenue 股息收入
Equity-method investmen revenue权益法投资收入
Unrealized holding gain on trading investments 投资业务中未实现利得
Gain on sale of investment投资出售利得
Gain on sale of land(furniture and fixture,equipment,or building)土地（家具、设备或建筑物）销售利得
Discontinued operations—gain非持续经营收入（利得）
Extraordinary gains 营业外收入
Expenses and losses(费用与损失类)
Cost of goods sold销售成本
Salary expense 薪金费用
Wage expense工资费用
Commission expense佣金费用
Payroll tax expense工资所得税费用
Employee benefits expense职工福利费用
Rent expense 租赁费用
Insurance expense 保险费用
Supplies expense易耗物资费用
Uncollectible account expense 坏账费用
Depreciation expense—land折旧费用――土地
Depreciation expense—furniture and fixture折旧费用――家具和固定设施Depreciation expense—equipment折旧费用――设备
Depreciation expense—buildings折旧费用――建筑物
Organization expense 开办费用
Amortization expense—franchises 摊销费用――特许权
Amortization expense—leaseholds摊销费用――租赁
Amortization expense—goodwill摊销费用――商誉
I ncome tax expense 所得税费用
Unrealized holding loss on trading investmens未实现待售投资持有的损失
Loss on sale of investment
Loss on sale (or exchange) of land (furniture and fixture,equipment,or building ) 土地（家具、设备或建筑物）销售（或变更）损失
Discontinued operations—loss非持续经营损失
Extraordinary losses营业外支出
A manufacturing corporation制造类企业适用的科目
same as merchandising corporation,except for asset 与商业性企业类似，但资产不同
asset(资产类)
inventories：存货
materials inventory 原材料
work-in-process inventory在产品
finished goods inventory产成品
factory wages工人工资
factory overhead间接费用
中英文报表项目（1-3位）与总账与明细会计科目（4位）列表
注意：实务中是这样划分与使用科目的。但由于这些科目比较多和复杂，教学中或教材中为了简化，不同级次的科目个别情况有时也可能混用。
1 资产 assets
11~ 12 流动资产 current assets
111 现金及约当现金 cash and cash equivalents
1111 库存现金 cash on hand
1112 零用金/周转金 petty cash/revolving funds
1113 银行存款 cash in banks
1116 在途现金 cash in transit
1117 约当现金 cash equivalents
1118 其它现金及约当现金 other cash and cash equivalents
112 短期投资 short-term investment
1121 短期投资 -股票 short-term investments - stock
1122 短期投资 -短期票券 short-term investments - short-term notes and bills 1123 短期投资 -政府债券 short-term investments - government bonds
1124 短期投资 -受益凭证 short-term investments - beneficiary certificates 1125 短期投资 -公司债 short-term investments - corporate bonds
1128 短期投资 -其它 short-term investments - other
1129 备抵短期投资跌价损失 allowance for reduction of short-term investment to market
113 应收票据 notes receivable
1131 应收票据 notes receivable
1132 应收票据贴现 discounted notes receivable
1137 应收票据 -关系人 notes receivable - related parties
1138 其它应收票据 other notes receivable
1139 备抵呆帐（坏账准备）－应收票据 allowance for uncollectible accounts- notes receivable
114 应收帐款 accounts receivable
1141 应收帐款 accounts receivable
1142 应收分期帐款 installment accounts receivable
1147 应收帐款 -关系人 accounts receivable - related parties
1149 备抵呆帐（坏账准备）－应收帐款 allowance for uncollectible accounts - accounts receivable
118 其它应收款 other receivables
1181 应收出售远汇款 forward exchange contract receivable
1182 应收远汇款 -外币 forward exchange contract receivable - foreign currencies 1183 买卖远汇折价 discount on forward ex-change contract
1184 应收收益 earned revenue receivable
1185 应收退税款 income tax refund receivable
1187 其它应收款 - 关系人 other receivables - related parties
1188 其它应收款 - 其它 other receivables - other
1189 备抵呆帐（坏账准备） - 其它应收款 allowance for uncollec- tible accounts - other receivables
121~122 存货 inventories
1211 商品存货 merchandise inventory
1212 寄销商品 consigned goods
1213 在途商品 goods in transit
1219 备抵存货跌价损失（存货跌价准备）allowance for reduction of inventory to market
1221 制成品 finished goods
1222 寄销制成品 consigned finished goods
1223 副产品 by-products
1224 在制品 work in process
1225 委外加工 work in process - outsourced
1226 原料 raw materials
1227 物料 supplies
1228 在途原物料 materials and supplies in transit
1229 备抵存货跌价损失（存货跌价准备）allowance for reduction of inventory to market
125 预付费用 prepaid expenses
1251 预付薪资 prepaid payroll
1252 预付租金 prepaid rents
1253 预付保险费 prepaid insurance
1254 用品盘存 office supplies
1255 预付所得税 prepaid income tax
1258 其它预付费用 other prepaid expenses
126 预付款项 prepayments
1261 预付货款 prepayment for purchases
1268 其它预付款项 other prepayments
128~129 其它流动资产 other current assets
1281 进项税额 VAT paid ( or input tax)
1282 留抵税额 excess VAT paid (or overpaid VAT)
1283 暂付款 temporary payments
1284 代付款 payment on behalf of others
1285 员工借支 advances to employees
1286 存出保证金 refundable deposits
1287 受限制存款 certificate of deposit-restricted
1291 递延所得税资产 deferred income tax assets
1292 递延兑换损失（递延汇兑损失） deferred foreign exchange losses 1293 业主(股东)往来owners'(stockholders') current account 1294 同业往来 current account with others
1298 其它流动资产-其它 other current assets - other
13 基金及长期投资 funds and long-term investments
131 基金 funds
1311 偿债基金 redemption fund (or sinking fund)
1312 改良及扩充基金 fund for improvement and expansion
1313 意外损失准备基金 contingency fund
1314 退休基金 pension fund
1318 其它基金 other funds
132 长期投资 long-term investments
1321 长期股权投资 long-term equity investments
1322 长期债券投资 long-term bond investments
1323 长期不动产投资 long-term real estate in-vestments
1324 人寿保险现金解约价值 cash surrender value of life insurance
1328 其它长期投资 other long-term investments
1329 备抵长期投资跌价损失 allowance for excess of cost over market value of long-term investments
14~ 15 固定资产 property , plant, and equipment
141 土地 land
1411 土地 land
1418 土地-重估增值 land - revaluation increments
142 土地改良物 land improvements
1421 土地改良物 land improvements
1428 土地改良物 -重估增值 land improvements - revaluation increments 1429 累积折旧 -土地改良物 accumulated depreciation - land improvements 143 房屋及建物 buildings
1431 房屋及建物 buildings
1438 房屋及建物 -重估增值 buildings -revaluation increments
1439 累积折旧 -房屋及建物 accumulated depreciation - buildings
144~146 机(器)具及设备 machinery and equipment
1441 机(器)具 machinery
1448 机(器)具 -重估增值 machinery - revaluation increments
1449 累积折旧 -机(器)具 accumulated depreciation - machinery
151 租赁资产 leased assets
1511 租赁资产 leased assets
1519 累积折旧 -租赁资产 accumulated depreciation - leased assets
152 租赁权益改良 leasehold improvements
1521 租赁权益改良 leasehold improvements
1529 累积折旧- 租赁权益改良 accumulated depreciation - leasehold improvements 156 未完工程及预付购置设备款 construction in progress and prepayments for equipment
1561 未完工程 construction in progress
1562 预付购置设备款 prepayment for equipment
158 杂项固定资产 miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment
1581 杂项固定资产 miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment
1588 杂项固定资产-重估增值 miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment - revaluation increments
1589 累积折旧- 杂项固定资产 accumulated depreciation - miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment
16 递耗资产 depletable assets
161 递耗资产 depletable assets
1611 天然资源 natural resources
1618 天然资源 -重估增值 natural resources -revaluation increments
1619 累积折耗 -天然资源 accumulated depletion - natural resources
17 无形资产 intangible assets
171 商标权 trademarks
1711 商标权 trademarks
172 专利权 patents
1721 专利权 patents
173 特许权 franchise
1731 特许权 franchise
174 著作权 copyright
1741 著作权 copyright
175 计算机软件 computer software
1751 计算机软件 computer software cost
176 商誉 goodwill
1761 商誉 goodwill
177 开办费 organization costs
1771 开办费 organization costs
178 其它无形资产 other intangibles
1781 递延退休金成本 deferred pension costs
1782 租赁权益改良 leasehold improvements
1788 其它无形资产-其它 other intangible assets - other 18 其它资产 other assets
181 递延资产 deferred assets
1811 债券发行成本 deferred bond issuance costs
1812 长期预付租金 long-term prepaid rent
1813 长期预付保险费 long-term prepaid insurance
1814 递延所得税资产 deferred income tax assets
1815 预付退休金 prepaid pension cost
1818 其它递延资产 other deferred assets
182 闲置资产 idle assets
1821 闲置资产 idle assets
184 长期应收票据及款项与催收帐款 long-term notes , accounts and overdue receivables
1841 长期应收票据 long-term notes receivable
1842 长期应收帐款 long-term accounts receivable
1843 催收帐款 overdue receivables
1847 长期应收票据及款项与催收帐款-关系人 long-term notes, accounts and overdue receivables- related parties
1848 其它长期应收款项 other long-term receivables
1849 备抵呆帐（坏账准备）-长期应收票据及款项与催收帐款 allowance for uncollectible accounts - long-term notes, accounts and overdue receivables 185 出租资产 assets leased to others
1851 出租资产 assets leased to others
1858 出租资产 -重估增值 assets leased to others - incremental value from revaluation
1859 累积折旧 -出租资产 accumulated depreciation - assets leased to others 186 存出保证金 refundable deposit
1861 存出保证金 refundable deposits
188 杂项资产 miscellaneous assets
1881 受限制存款 certificate of deposit - restricted
1888 杂项资产 -其它 miscellaneous assets – other
2 负债 liabilities
21~ 22 流动负债 current liabilities
211 短期借款 short-term borrowings(debt)
2111 银行透支 bank overdraft
2112 银行借款 bank loan
2114 短期借款 -业主 short-term borrowings - owners
2115 短期借款 -员工 short-term borrowings - employees
2117 短期借款 -关系人 short-term borrowings- related parties
2118 短期借款 -其它 short-term borrowings - other
212 应付短期票券 short-term notes and bills payable
2121 应付商业本票 commercial paper payable
2122 银行承兑汇票 bank acceptance
2128 其它应付短期票券 other short-term notes and bills payable
2129 应付短期票券折价 discount on short-term notes and bills payable 213 应付票据 notes payable
2131 应付票据 notes payable
2137 应付票据 -关系人 notes payable - related parties
2138 其它应付票据 other notes payable
214 应付帐款 accounts pay able
2141 应付帐款 accounts payable
2147 应付帐款 -关系人 accounts payable - related parties
216 应付所得税 income taxes payable
2161 应付所得税 income tax payable
217 应付费用 accrued expenses
2171 应付工薪 accrued payroll
2172 应付租金 accrued rent payable
2173 应付利息 accrued interest payable
2174 应付营业税 accrued VAT payable
2175 应付税捐 -其它 accrued taxes payable- other
2178 其它应付费用 other accrued expenses payable
218~219 其它应付款 other payables
2181 应付购入远汇款 forward exchange contract payable
2182 应付远汇款 -外币 forward exchange contract payable - foreign currencies 2183 买卖远汇溢价 premium on forward exchange contract
2184 应付土地房屋款 payables on land and building purchased
2185 应付设备款 Payables on equipment
2187 其它应付款 -关系人 other payables - related parties
2191 应付股利 dividend payable
2192 应付红利 bonus payable
2193 应付董监事酬劳 compensation payable to directors and supervisors
2198 其它应付款 -其它 other payables - other
226 预收款项advance receipts
2261 预收货款 sales revenue received in advance
2262 预收收入 revenue received in advance
2268 其它预收款 other advance receipts
227 一年或一营业周期内到期长期负债 long-term liabilities -current portion
2271 一年或一营业周期内到期公司债 corporate bonds payable - current portion 2272 一年或一营业周期内到期长期借款 long-term loans payable - current portion 2273 一年或一营业周期内到期长期应付票据及款项 long-term notes and accounts payable due within one year or one operating cycle
2277 一年或一营业周期内到期长期应付票据及款项-关系人 long-term notes and
accounts payables to related parties - current portion
2278 其它一年或一营业周期内到期长期负债 other long-term lia- bilities - current portion
228~229 其它流动负债 other current liabilities
2281 销项税额 VAT received(or output tax)
2283 暂收款 temporary receipts
2284 代收款 receipts under custody
2285 估计售后服务/保固负债 estimated warranty liabilities
2291 递延所得税负债 deferred income tax liabilities
2292 递延兑换利益 deferred foreign exchange gain
2293 业主(股东)往来 owners' current account
2294 同业往来 current account with others
2298 其它流动负债-其它 other current liabilities - others
23 长期负债 long-term liabilities
231 应付公司债 corporate bonds payable
2311 应付公司债 corporate bonds payable
2319 应付公司债溢(折)价 premium(discount) on corporate bonds payable
232 长期借款 long-term loans payable
2321 长期银行借款 long-term loans payable - bank
2324 长期借款 -业主 long-term loans payable - owners
2325 长期借款 -员工 long-term loans payable - employees
2327 长期借款 -关系人 long-term loans payable - related parties
2328 长期借款 -其它 long-term loans payable - other
233 长期应付票据及款项 long-term notes and accounts payable
2331 长期应付票据 long-term notes payable
Accession Tax 财产增值税、财产增益税 Additional Tax 附加税 Admission Tax 入场税 Allowable Tax Credit 税款可抵免税;准予扣除税额 Amended Tax Return 修正后税款申报书 Animal Slaughter Tax 动物屠宰税 Annual Income Tax Return 年度所得税申报表 Assessed Tax. 估定税额 Assessment of Tax 税捐估定 Asset Tax 资产税 Back Tax 欠缴税款;未缴税额 Business Tax （工商）营业税;工商税 Capital Tax 资本税:<美>按资本额稽征;<英>指资本利得税和资本转让税（＝[缩]CTT）<英>资本转让税 Capital Transfer Tax 资本转移税;资本过户税 Company Income Tax / Company Tax 公司所得税 Corporate Profit Tax / Corporation Profit Tax 公司利润税;公司利得税 Corporate Profits After Taxes <美>公司税后利润（额）;公司税后收益（额） Corporate Profits Before Taxes <美>公司税前利润（额）;公司税前收益（额）Corporation Tax Act <美>公司税法 Corporation Tax Rate 公司税税率 Deferred Income Tax 递延所得税 Deferred Income Tax Liability 递延所得税负债 Deferred Tax 递延税额;递延税额 Development Tax 开发税;发展税 Direct Tax 直接税 Dividend Tax 股利税;股息税
Suggested Solution Chapter 1 3. 4.
5. (b) net income = 9,260-7,470=1,790 (c) net income = 1,790+2,500=4,290
Chapter 2 1. a.To increase Notes Payable -CR b.To decrease Accounts Receivable-CR c.To increase Owner, Capital -CR d.To decrease Unearned Fees -DR e.To decrease Prepaid Insurance -CR f.To decrease Cash - CR g.To increase Utilities Expense -DR h.To increase Fees Earned -CR i.To increase Store Equipment -DR j.To increase Owner, Withdrawal -DR 2. a. Cash 1,800 Accounts payable ................................................... 1,800 b. Revenue ................................................................... 4,500 Accounts receivable ...................................... 4,500 c. Owner’s withdrawals ................................................ 1,500 Salaries Expense ............................................ 1,500 d. Accounts Receivable (750) Revenue (750) 3. Prepare adjusting journal entries at December 31, the end of the year. Advertising expense 600 Prepaid advertising 600 Insurance expense (2160/12*2) 360 Prepaid insurance 360
一级科目二级科目三级科目四级科目 代码名称代码名称代码名称代码名称英译 1 资产assets 11~ 12 流动资产current assets 111 现金及约当现金cash and cash equivalents 1111 库存现金cash on hand 1112 零用金/周转金petty cash/revolving funds 1113 银行存款cash in banks 1116 在途现金cash in transit 1117 约当现金cash equivalents 1118 其它现金及约当现金other cash and cash equivalents 112 短期投资short-term investments 1121 短期投资-股票short-term investments - stock 1122 短期投资-短期票券short-term investments - short-term notes and bills 1123 短期投资-政府债券short-term investments - government bonds 1124 短期投资-受益凭证short-term investments - beneficiary certificates 1125 短期投资-公司债short-term investments - corporate bonds 1128 短期投资-其它short-term investments - other 1129 备抵短期投资跌价损失allowance for reduction of short-term investment to market 113 应收票据notes receivable 1131 应收票据notes receivable 1132 应收票据贴现discounted notes receivable 1137 应收票据-关系人notes receivable - related parties 1138 其它应收票据other notes receivable 1139 备抵呆帐－应收票据allowance for uncollec- tible accounts- notes receivable 114 应收帐款accounts receivable 1141 应收帐款accounts receivable 1142 应收分期帐款installment accounts receivable 1147 应收帐款-关系人accounts receivable - related parties 1149 备抵呆帐－应收帐款allowance for uncollec- tible accounts - accounts receivable 118 其它应收款other receivables 1181 应收出售远汇款forward exchange contract receivable 1182 应收远汇款-外币forward exchange contract receivable - foreign currencies 1183 买卖远汇折价discount on forward ex-change contract 1184 应收收益earned revenue receivable 1185 应收退税款income tax refund receivable 1187 其它应收款- 关系人other receivables - related parties 1188 其它应收款- 其它other receivables - other 1189 备抵呆帐- 其它应收款allowance for uncollec- tible accounts - other receivables 121~122 存货inventories 1211 商品存货merchandise inventory 1212 寄销商品consigned goods 1213 在途商品goods in transit 1219 备抵存货跌价损失allowance for reduction of inventory to market
会计方面专业术语的xx acceptance承兑 account账户 accountant会计员 accounting会计 accounting system会计制度 accounts payable应付账款 accounts receivable应收账款 accumulated profits累积利益 adjusting entry调整记录 adjustment调整 administration expense管理费用 advances预付 advertising expense广告费 agency代理 agent代理人 agreementxx allotments分配数 allowance津贴 amalgamation合并 amortization摊销
amortized cost应摊成本 annuities年金 applied cost已分配成本 applied expense已分配费用 applied manufacturing expense己分配制造费用apportioned charge摊派费用 appreciation涨价 article of association公司章程 assessment课税 assets资产 attorney fee律师费 audit审计 auditor审计员 average平均数 average cost平均成本 bad debt坏账 balance余额 balance sheet资产负债表 bank account银行账户 bank balance银行结存 bank charge银行手续费
bank deposit银行存款 bank discount银行贴现bank draft银行汇票 bank loan银行借款 bank overdraft银行透支bankers acceptance银行承兑bankruptcy破产 bearer持票人 beneficiary受益人 bequest遗产 bill票据 bill of exchange汇票 bill of lading提单 bills discounted贴现票据bills payable应付票据 bills receivable应收票据board of directors董事会bonds债券 bonus红利 book value账面价值bookkeeper簿记员
会计科目英文 会计系统 Accounting system 美国会计协会 American Accounting Association 美国注册会计师协会 American Institute of CPAs 审计 Audit 资产负债表 Balance sheet 簿记 Bookkeeping 现金流量预测 Cash flow prospects 内部审计证书Certificate in Internal Auditing 管理会计证书 Certificate in Management Accounting 注册会计师Certificate Public Accountant 成本会计Cost accounting 外部使用者External users 财务会计Financial accounting 财务会计准则委员会Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务预测Financial forecast 公认会计原则Generally accepted accounting principles 通用目的信息 General-purpose information 政府会计办公室Government Accounting Office 损益表 Income statement 内部审计师协会Institute of Internal Auditors 管理会计师协会Institute of Management Accountants 整合性Integrity 内部审计Internal auditing 内部控制结构Internal control structure 国内收入署Internal Revenue Service 内部使用者 Internal users 管理会计Management accounting 投资回报Return of investment 投资报酬Return on investment 证券交易委员会 Securities and Exchange Commission 现金流量表Statement of cash flow 财务状况表Statement of financial position 税务会计 Tax accounting 会计等式Accounting equation 勾稽关系 Articulation 资产 Assets 企业个体Business entity 股本Capital stock 公司Corporation 成本原则Cost principle 债权人Creditor 通货紧缩 Deflation 批露Disclosure 费用Expenses 财务报表Financial statement 筹资活动Financial activities 持续经营假设Going-concern assumption 通货膨涨 Inflation 投资活动Investing activities 负债Liabilities 负现金流量Negative cash flow 经营活动Operating activities 所有者权益Owner’s equity 合伙企业Partnership 正现金流量Positive cash flow 留存利润Retained earning 收入Revenue 独资企业Sole proprietorship 清偿能力Solvency 稳定货币假设Stable-dollar assumption 股东Stockholders
一、企业财务会计报表封面FINANCIAL REPORT COVER 报表所属期间之期末时间点Period Ended 所属月份Reporting Period 报出日期Submit Date 记账本位币币种Local Reporting Currency 审核人Verifier 填表人Preparer 记账符号 DR:debit record (借记) CR:credit recrod(贷记) 二、资产负债表Balance Sheet 资产Assets 流动资产Current Assets 货币资金Bank and Cash 短期投资Current Investment 一年内到期委托贷款Entrusted loan receivable due within one year 减：一年内到期委托贷款减值准备Less: Impairment for Entrusted loan receivable due within one year 减：短期投资跌价准备Less: Impairment for current investment 短期投资净额Net bal of current investment 应收票据Notes receivable 应收股利Dividend receivable 应收利息Interest receivable
应收账款Account receivable 减：应收账款坏账准备Less: Bad debt provision for Account receivable 应收账款净额Net bal of Account receivable 其他应收款Other receivable 减：其他应收款坏账准备Less: Bad debt provision for Other receivable 其他应收款净额Net bal of Other receivable 预付账款Prepayment 应收补贴款Subsidy receivable 存货Inventory 减：存货跌价准备Less: Provision for Inventory 存货净额Net bal of Inventory 已完工尚未结算款Amount due from customer for contract work 待摊费用Deferred Expense 一年内到期的长期债权投资Long-term debt investment due within one year 一年内到期的应收融资租赁款Finance lease receivables due within one year 其他流动资产Other current assets 流动资产合计Total current assets 长期投资Long-term investment 长期股权投资Long-term equity investment 委托贷款Entrusted loan receivable 长期债权投资Long-term debt investment 长期投资合计Total for long-term investment 减：长期股权投资减值准备Less: Impairment for long-term equity investment 减：长期债权投资减值准备Less: Impairment for long-term debt investment
财务会计专业名词中英文对照AAA 美国会计学会 Abacus 《算盘》杂志 abacus 算盘 Abandonment 废弃,报废;委付 abandonment value 废弃价值 abatement ①减免②冲销 ability to service debt 偿债能力 abnormal cost 异常成本 abnormal spoilage 异常损耗 above par 超过票面价值 above the line 线上项目 absolute amount 绝对数,绝对金额 absolute endorsement 绝对背书 absolute insolvency 绝对无力偿付 absolute priority 绝对优先求偿权 absolute value 绝对值 absorb 摊配,转并 absorption account 摊配账户,转并账户 absorption costing 摊配成本计算法 abstract 摘要表 abuse 滥用职权 abuse of tax shelter 滥用避税项目 ACCA特许公认会计师公会 accelerated cost recovery system 加速成本收回制度accelerated depreciation method 加速折旧法,快速折旧法acceleration clause 加速偿付条款,提前偿付条款acceptance ①承兑②已承兑票据③验收 acceptance bill 承兑票据 acceptance register 承兑票据登记簿 acceptance sampling 验收抽样 access time 存取时间 accommodation 融通 accommodation bill 融通票据 accommodation endorsement 融通背书 account ①账户,会计科目②账簿,报表③账目,账项④记账accountability 经营责任,会计责任 accountability unit 责任单位 Accountancy 《会计》杂志 accountancy 会计 accountant 会计员,会计师 accountant general 会计主任,总会计 accounting in charge 主管会计师
新准则会计科目英文翻译 一、资产类 1 1001 库存现金cash on hand 2 1002 银行存款bank deposit 5 1015 其他货币资金other monetary capital 9 1101 交易性金融资产transaction monetary assets 11 1121 应收票据notes receivable 12 1122 应收账款Account receivable 13 1123 预付账款account prepaid 14 1131 应收股利dividend receivable 15 1132 应收利息accrued interest receivable 21 1231 其他应收款accounts receivable-others 22 1241 坏账准备had debts reserve 28 1401 材料采购procurement of materials 29 1402 在途物资materials in transit 30 1403 原材料raw materials 32 1406 库存商品commodity stocks 33 1407 发出商品goods in transit 36 1412 包装物及低值易耗品wrappage and low value and easily wornout articles 42 1461 存货跌价准备reserve against stock price declining 43 1501 待摊费用fees to be apportioned 45 1521 持有至到期投资hold investment due 46 1522 持有至到期投资减值准备hold investment due reduction reserve 47 1523 可供出售金融资产financial assets available for sale 48 1524 长期股权投资long-term stock ownership investment 49 1525 长期股权投资减值准备long-term stock ownership investment reduction reserve 50 1526 投资性房地产investment real eastate 51 1531 长期应收款long-term account receivable 52 1541 未实现融资收益unrealized financing income 54 1601 固定资产permanent assets 55 1602 累计折旧accumulated depreciation 56 1603 固定资产减值准备permanent assets reduction reserve 57 1604 在建工程construction in process 58 1605 工程物资engineer material 59 1606 固定资产清理disposal of fixed assets 60 1611 融资租赁资产租赁专用financial leasing assets exclusively for leasing 61 1612 未担保余值租赁专用unguaranteed residual value exclusively for leasing 62 1621 生产性生物资产农业专用productive living assets exclusively for agriculture 63 1622 生产性生物资产累计折旧农业专用productive living assets accumulated depreciation exclusively for agriculture 64 1623 公益性生物资产农业专用non-profit living assets exclusively for agriculture 65 1631 油气资产石油天然气开采专用oil and gas assets exclusively for oil and gas exploitation 66 1632 累计折耗石油天然气开采专用accumulated depletion exclusively for oil and gas exploitation 67 1701 无形资产intangible assets 68 1702 累计摊销accumulated amortization
会计方面专业术语的英文翻译 acceptance 承兑 account 账户 accountant 会计员 accounting 会计 accounting system 会计制度 accounts payable 应付账款 accounts receivable 应收账款 accumulated profits 累积利益 adjusting entry 调整记录 adjustment 调整 administration expense 管理费用 advances 预付 advertising expense 广告费 agency 代理 agent 代理人 agreement 契约 allotments 分配数 allowance 津贴 amalgamation 合并 amortization 摊销 amortized cost 应摊成本 annuities 年金 applied cost 已分配成本 applied expense 已分配费用 applied manufacturing expense 己分配制造费用apportioned charge 摊派费用 appreciation 涨价 article of association 公司章程 assessment 课税 assets 资产 attorney fee 律师费 audit 审计 auditor 审计员 average 平均数 average cost 平均成本 bad debt 坏账 balance 余额
balance sheet 资产负债表 bank account 银行账户 bank balance 银行结存 bank charge 银行手续费 bank deposit 银行存款 bank discount 银行贴现 bank draft 银行汇票 bank loan 银行借款 bank overdraft 银行透支 bankers acceptance 银行承兑 bankruptcy 破产 bearer 持票人 beneficiary 受益人 bequest 遗产 bill 票据 bill of exchange 汇票 bill of lading 提单 bills discounted 贴现票据 bills payable 应付票据 bills receivable 应收票据 board of directors 董事会 bonds 债券 bonus 红利 book value 账面价值 bookkeeper 簿记员 bookkeeping 簿记 branch office general ledger 支店往来账户broker 经纪人 brought down 接前 brought forward 接上页 budget 预算 by-product 副产品 by-product sales 副产品销售 capital 股本 capital income 资本收益 capital outlay 资本支出 capital stock 股本 capital stock certificate 股票 carried down 移后 carried forward 移下页 cash 现金 cash account 现金账户 cash in bank 存银行现金 cash on delivery 交货收款
(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 中英文对照外文翻译 附件：外文翻译译文 战略财务会计在中小企业 摘要：随着社会经济的发展和科学技术的进步,中国的企业在一个充满机会和危险的阶段。介绍了安全会计的含义和意义战略财务会计中存在的问题,阐述了财务策略进行小中型企业一起,最后提出了一些对策和原因。 关键词：中小企业的战略财务会计、问题、对策
一个企业的不确定性的金融环境其财务活动充满风险。除了机会,有许多的危险从时间,以时间,其财务会计。因此,它已经成为了成功的关键一个企业的财务会计是否能跟踪的趋势变化什么是有用的吸收。应当拒绝接受什么是有害的。战略会计思想是非常重要的在企业的财务会计,因为我们必须努力去分析和把握一般环境和发展一个企业的发展趋势,从而提高适应能力、可变性和适用性的金融中心会计不确定环境。目前,中小企业在100年通过了工商登记、以企业总数的90%。因此,其战略财务会计是特别重要的,这也是本论文的主题。 1 简介 战略性的财务会计是财务会计理论,根据该融资应该的在最适当的方式进行,采集到的资本必须利用和会计的最有效的方式虽然企业和决策和利润分配应该最合理。根据其内涵,总结三个主要内容的战略财务会计,包括融资策略,投资战略和利润分配决策策略。详情如下: 融资策略 高度发达的现代企业具有的销售急剧增长。当面对这样一种局势,企业倾向于有很大的要求从股票和应收账款是资本的提升。更大的为销售增长的张力,但更大的资本要求。因此,在融资策略都具有十分重要的意义战略会计财务。融资策略的功能在于明确的指导方针融资、铺设融资目标下,建立整体规模、融资渠道和方法,安排战略资本结构优化方案,从各方面对此作了相应的对策,以达到融资目标,最后预测和收集的大量资金的企业的需要。 投资策略 为核心的战略财务会计,这种策略决定一个企业只能分配它的首都资源合理而有效的方法。投资策略包括确认投资固定资产的方向、公司规模和资本规模、投资选择相关的外部扩张或内部扩张,改革旧的产品或开发新的、独立或联合操作,自有资金投资决定或贷款之间的百分比固定资产、流动资产、投资策略和风险和那些在通货膨胀。 利润分配决策策略 这个策略,包括会计资本收益和设立股份奖金分配制度,主要的交易一个企业比例,搁在长期底图在扩大规模、提高员工福利和自身的生活水平。利润分配决策战略旨在满足需求,对于资产资本的发展和改进企业的核心竞争力根据相关的投资
第一章会计总论 本章讨论不同的使用者对会计信息的需求，介绍不同实体对会计职业的影响、会计职业道德及职业行为准则。本章也将对公认会计准则以及一些相关概念和原则进行解释。 本章将介绍会计等式：资产＝负债＋所有者权益，并逐一定义会计等式中的每个要素，举例分析不同业务对会计等式的影响。同时，本章还将简单介绍并列示财务报表。 学习目标： 1．了解会计信息系统 2．应用公认会计准则 3．了解财务报表 4．运用会计要素 5．运用会计等式 6．理解了解会计及其环境 会计是一个信息系统 我们通常把会计描述为一个信息系统。作为一个信息系统，会计计量经济活动，将信息编制成财务报表，并将财务报表传达给决策者。会计的范围包括：确认经济事项，进行计量、记录、汇总，并把信息报告给使用者。会计所涵盖的范围要大于簿记。图表1－1是信息在会计系统内的流转图。簿记是对交易和事件的记录，只是会计的一部分。会计还包括对会计信息的分析和阐述，以帮助财务报表的外部和内部的使用者制定各项经济决策。 决策制定经济业务财务报告 图表1-1 会计信息流转 会计信息使用者主要是投资者和债权人，政府，工会和普通公众也会使用会计信息。 1.1组织形式 企业有三种组织形式： 个人独资企业是指由一个自然人投资拥有的企业组织。个人独资企业是一个会计实体，但并不是法律实体。个人独资企业的所有者对企业的债务承担无限责任，这也是个人独资企业的一个主要缺点。 合伙企业与个人独资企业的区别只是在于它有两个或两个以上的所有者。合伙企业的所有者被称为合伙人。现实商业活动中有许多不同类型的合伙企业。 公司是依据当地法律注册成立的单独实体；公司的所有者被称为股东。股东不对公司的债务负责。有限责任是公司这种组织形式的一个显著优点。公司的所有权被分为股份。股票股份可以在所有者之间转让。 1.2编报财务报表的框架 由于各个国家的法律和经济环境不同，各国有不同的会计模式。在一个国家可行的会计实务在另一个国家并不一定可行。由于各国的会计模式不同，所以我们需要制定一个互相协调的会计标准：用全球通用的会计语言来传达相关的且可靠的会计信息。 为满足上述需求，国际会计准则委员会（IASC）于1973年成立，并致力于国际公认的会计准则的制定。2001年4月1日，根据题为《关于重塑国际会计准则委员会未来的建议》的报告中的提议，国际会计准则委员会（IASC）改组为国际会计准则理事会（IASB）。 除了1989年发布的国际会计准则外，国际会计准则委员会还发布了财务报表编报的框架，并将其作为建立会计准则的概念基础。 框架主要包括以下内容： 1.财务报表的目的及基础假设; 2.财务报表的质量特征; 3.财务报表的要素; 4.资本和资本保全概念. 图表1－2概括地介绍了一些重要的会计原则。 图表1－2
-! 会计科目英文翻译 一、资产类 Assets 流动资产 Current assets 货币资金 Cash and cash equivalents 1001 现金 Cash 1002 银行存款 Cash in bank 1009 其他货币资金 Other cash and cash equivalents '100901 外埠存款 Other city Cash in bank '100902 银行本票 Cashier's cheque '100903 银行汇票 Bank draft '100904 信用卡 Credit card '100905 信用证保证金 L/C Guarantee deposits '100906 存出投资款 Refundable deposits 1101 短期投资 Short-term investments '110101 股票 Short-term investments - stock '110102 债券 Short-term investments - corporate bonds '110103 基金 Short-term investments - corporate funds '110110 其他 Short-term investments - other 1102 短期投资跌价准备 Short-term investments falling price reserves 应收款 Account receivable 1111 应收票据 Note receivable 银行承兑汇票 Bank acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Trade acceptance 1121 应收股利 Dividend receivable 1122 应收利息 Interest receivable 1131 应收账款 Account receivable 1133 其他应收款 Other notes receivable 1141 坏账准备 Bad debt reserves 1151 预付账款 Advance money 1161 应收补贴款 Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable 库存资产 Inventories 1201 物资采购 Supplies purchasing 1211 原材料 Raw materials 1221 包装物 Wrappage 1231 低值易耗品 Low-value consumption goods 1232 材料成本差异 Materials cost variance 1241 自制半成品 Semi-Finished goods 1243 库存商品 Finished goods 1244 商品进销差价 Differences between purchasing and selling price 1251 委托加工物资 Work in process - outsourced 1261 委托代销商品 Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis 1271 受托代销商品 Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis 1281 存货跌价准备 Inventory falling price reserves 1291 分期收款发出商品 Collect money and send out the goods by stages 1301 待摊费用 Deferred and prepaid expenses 长期投资 Long-term investment 1401 长期股权投资 Long-term investment on stocks '140101 股票投资 Investment on stocks '140102 其他股权投资 Other investment on stocks 1402 长期债权投资 Long-term investment on bonds '140201 债券投资 Investment on bonds '140202 其他债权投资 Other investment on bonds 1421 长期投资减值准备 Long-term investments depreciation reserves 股权投资减值准备 Stock rights investment depreciation reserves 债权投资减值准备 Bcreditor's rights investment depreciation reserves
中国会计科目中英文对照 代码名称代码名称代码名称代码名称英译 1 资产assets 11~ 12 流动资产current assets 111 现金及约当现金cash and cash equiva lents 1111 库存现金cash on hand 1112 零用金/周转金petty cash/revolving f unds 1113 银行存款cash in banks 1116 在途现金cash in transit 1117 约当现金cash equivalents 1118 其它现金及约当现金other cash and cash equivalents 112 短期投资short-term investment 1121 短期投资-股票short-term investmen ts - stock 1122 短期投资-短期票券short-term inves tments - short-term notes and bills
1123 短期投资-政府债券short-term inve stments - government bonds 1124 短期投资-受益凭证short-term inve stments - beneficiary certificates 1125 短期投资-公司债short-term invest ments - corporate bonds 1128 短期投资-其它short-term investmen ts - other 1129 备抵短期投资跌价损失allowance fo r reduction of short-term investment to mar ket 113 应收票据notes receivable 1131 应收票据notes receivable 1132 应收票据贴现discounted notes recei vable 1137 应收票据-关系人notes receivable -related parties 1138 其它应收票据other notes receivabl e 1139 备抵呆帐－应收票据allowance for uncollec- tible accounts- notes receivable 114 应收帐款accounts receivable
1.Words and phrases CEO Chief Executive Officer首席执行官; CFO Chief Financial Officer 首席财务官; COO Chief operating officer首席运营官; CFA 特许金融分析师(Chartered Financial Analyst); CICPA 中国注册会计师协会（The Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants）; MBA 管理硕士Master of Business Administration; IPO(unseasoned issue)Initial Public Offerings 首次公开募股; SEC 美国证券交易委员会Securities and Exchange Commission; NYSE New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所; GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 公认会计准则 EBIT earnings before interest and taxes 息税前利润; EBT earnings before tax税前收益; EPS Earnings Per Share 每股利润;
ROE Rate of Return on Equity权益报酬率; NCF net cash flow 现金净流量; NPV net present value 净现值; IRR Internal Rate of Return 内部收益率FVIFA future value interest factors of annuity年金终值系数; PVIFA present value interest factors of annuity年金现值系数; YTM Yield to Maturity 到期收益率; CAPM capital asset pricing model资本资产定价模型; WACC weighted average cost of capital加权平均资本成本; EOQ Economic Order Quantity 经济订购量; JIT system just in time 实时生产系统 2.Translation Overview of each topic 1商业公司每天都在做决策。几乎所有的商业决策有财务的含义。因此，财务对每个人都重要。我们通过对财务管理的意义和财务经理角色的讨论开始我们财务管理的学习。下面我们讨论决策的三