英语初二上册重点知识点讲解
Module 1 How to learn English
1．pair n. (相关的)两个人，一对，一双，一副
a pair of socks a pair of gloves two pairs of trousers
一双袜子一副手套两条裤子
e.g.A pair of teenage boys are watching a football game.
两个青少年正在看足球赛。
2．correct
（1）v. 改正，纠正
e.g.The teacher returned to her room to correct exercise books.
老师回到房间去改练习本。
Correct the spelling.
纠正拼写。
（2）adj.正确的；恰当的
e.g.correct pronunciation 正确发音
Do you have the correct time？
你的表走得准吗？
3．advice
（1）n.意思是“意见，建议”，为不可数名词，可用some，much，a piece of，pieces of等修饰，不能说an advice或many/a few advices。
（2）表示“有关……的建议”时，用介词on，接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式。
e.g.Let’s ask for his advice on what to do next.
我们去征求一下他的意见下一步该怎么办。
常见搭配：
take/follow one’s advice接受某人的建议
ask for advice 征求意见
accept/refuse one’s advice接受（拒绝）某人的建议
offer advice to sb. 向某人提供建议
拓展：
advise vt．建议
常见搭配：advise sb. to do sth.
advise that sb. (should) do sth.
e.g.My teacher advises me to leave now.
老师建议我现在就离开。
We advise measures（should）be taken to stop pollution at once.
我们建议立即采取措施以阻止污染。
4．We should always speak English in class.
我们应该总是在课堂上说英语。
should是情态动词，意思是“应该”。通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务。
should/shouldn’t do sth.
e.g.He should work harder.
他应该更加努力。
You should help your mother with the housework.
你们应该帮妈妈做家务。
5．Let’s try to speak English as much as possible.
让我们一起尽可能地说英语。
（1） e.g.They are trying to study English well.
他们正努力学好英语。
I am trying doing it in this way.
我正试着用这种方法做。
We should try/do our best to help the people in trouble.
我们应该尽最大努力帮助困境中的人们。
（2）译为“尽量”、“尽最大努力（可能）”，主要用于as...as possible/one can。
e.g.You should rest as much as possible.
你应当尽量多休息。
I have helped you as much as I can. Now it is up to you.
我已尽我所能地帮助你了。现在该看你自己了。
6．Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends.
每次你将会学习一些新东西。我也建议你和朋友们谈论电影或歌曲。
time的用法：
（1）time侧重指“时间”这一概念，或说明“时间”的量，time用作不可数名词，前面可much, little, a lot of, plenty of等修饰。
e.g.This saves time and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season.
这节省了时间，使农民能够在每个季节中多种点庄稼。
（2）当作“次数；倍数”讲时，time是可数名词。
e.g.I have been to Beijing three times.
我去过北京三次。
（3）time构成的短语：
at a time一次，每一次
at one time曾经，一度
at times /from time to time有时，偶尔
all the time总是，一直
in time及时，迟早
on time准时
（4）time构成的句型：
① It’s time for sb. to do sth./It’s (high) time sb. did sth.
该是某人干……的时间了。
e.g.It’s time for children to go to bed.
是小孩睡觉的时候了。
It’s high time that we started.
我们该出发了。
② each time（每次），next time（下次），the first/last time（第一次/最后一次……的时候）等词组引导的时间状语从句。
e.g.The last time I went to China, I visited Shanghai.
我上次到中国时，游览了上海。
14．I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them in your room.
我建议你一天把四个或者五个单词写在纸上并且放在你的房间里。
suggest，做动词，表示“建议，提议”的意思，对应的名词是suggestion。suggest的用法：
e.g.She suggested an early start.
她建议早一点出发。
I suggested his / him giving up the foolish idea.
我建议他放弃那愚蠢的念头。
She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday.
她建议班会不要在星期六举行。
注意：当suggest表示“暗示，表明”的意思，它后面接宾语从句，谓语用真实的时态，而不用“should+动词原形”。
e.g.他脸上的表情表明他很开心。
（×）The expression on his face suggested that he should be very happy.
（√）The expression on his face suggested that he was very happy
游览了上海。
Module 2 My home town and my country
1．It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000.
它（剑桥）位于康河河畔，人口约为12万。
population n. 意思是“人口，居民”，它是一个集体名词，它的用法有时较为特殊, 所以很容易用错。
① population常与定冠词the连用，作主语用时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。
e.g.The world’s populati on is increasing faster and faster.
全世界的人口增长得越来越快。
②当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时，谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g.About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.
中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。
③有时population可用作可数名词，其前可用不定冠词。
e.g.China has a population of about 1.3 billion.
=There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.
中国大约有十三亿人口。
④表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“much”或“little”,而要用“large”或“small”。
e.g.India has a large population.
印度人口众多。
Singapore has a small population.
新加坡人口少。
⑤询问某国、某地有多少人口时，不用“How much...？”，而用“How large...？”。在问具体人口时用“What...？”。
e.g.—What is the population of Canada？
= How large is the population of Canada？
加拿大的人口有多少？
—The population of Canada is about 29 million.
加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万。
2．It has a population of about seven and a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge.
它（伦敦）大约有750万人口，所以比剑桥更大更繁忙。
（1）million是数词，意思是“百万”。它的用法如下：
①当与具体数字连用时，习惯上用单数，而且也不后接介词of。
e.g.three million people 三百万人
He was prepared to pay two million.
他愿意支付200万。
但是，后面的名词有了the, these, those等特指限定词修饰时，或其后的接的是us, them 这样的人称代词时，则此时必须用介词of。
e.g.About three million of them have left there.
他们当中约有三百万人离开了那儿。
②当不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要用复数，而且要后接介词of，然后才能接名词。
e.g.A careless mistake cost the company millions of pounds.
一个粗心的错误使公司蒙受数百镑的损失。
拓展：与million有相同用法的数词还有：hundred（百）, thousand（千）, billion（十亿）。
本节课主要学习形容词的比较级的规则变化及用法。
（1
（2）形容词比较级用法
①表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，最明显的提示词是than，其结构为“A…+比较级
+than+B”。
e.g.Li Lei’s room is bigger than mine.
李雷的房间比我的大。
This mooncake is nicer than that one.
这块月饼比那块好吃。
②有表示程度的副词a little，a bit，a few，a lot，much，even，still，far，rather，any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。
e.g.I feel even worse now.
我现在觉得更难受了。
It is much colder today than before.
今天比以前冷得多。
③比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。
e.g.I am two years older than he.
我比他大两岁。
This building is 20 meters higher than that one.
这栋楼房比那栋高20米。
④表示“两者之间最……一个(of the two)”时，常用“the+比较级”结构。
e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins.
Mary是双胞胎中的高个子。
⑤表示“越来越……”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。
e.g.It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.
春天天气变得越来越暖和。
Our home town is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的家乡越来越漂亮了
Module 3 Sports
节课进一步学习形容词和副词的比较级的规则变化和不规则变化
（1
（2
（3）形容词和副词比较级用法
①表示两者进行比较时用比较级，最明显的提示词是than，其结构为“A…+比较级+than+B”。
e.g.The sun is bigger than the moon.
太阳比月亮更大。
This painting is nicer than that one.
这幅绘画比那幅更漂亮。
②有表示程度的副词a little，a bit，a few，a lot，much，even，still，far，rather，any等修饰时，用比较级。
e.g.I feel even better now.
我现在觉得好多了。
It is much cooler today than before.
今天比以前凉爽得多。
③比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。
e.g.This house is 10 meters higher than that one.
这栋楼房比那栋高10米。
④表示“两者之间最……一个(of the two)”时，常用“the+比较级”结构。
e.g.Mary is the fatter of the twins.
Mary是双胞胎中较胖的。
⑤表示“越来越……”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。
e.g.It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.
春天天气变得越来越暖和。
Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的城市越来越漂亮了。
⑥表示“越……就越……”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。
e.g.The busier he is, the happier he feels.
他越忙越高兴。
Module 4 Planes, ships and trains
（1
（2
（3）形容词最高比较级用法
①表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。（of表示同范围，in表示不同范围）
e.g.He is the strongest of the three boys.
在三个男孩子中，他是最强壮的。
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
上海是中国最大的城市。
②表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时，用“Which/Who is+the+最高级，A，B or C？”结构。
e.g.Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou？
哪个城市最漂亮，北京，上海还是福州？
③表示“最……的……之一”时，用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。
e.g.Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.
周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。
④形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最……”。
e.g.The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China.
长江是中国第一大长河。
⑤形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用定冠词the。
e.g.This is our last lesson today.
这是我们今天的最后一节课。
⑥形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。
e.g.Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.
李雷是班上最高的学生。
=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.
李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。
=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.
李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。
=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.
李雷比班上其他任何人都高。
Module 5 Lao She Teahouse
重点知识讲解
1．offer
（1）做动词，意思是“提供；提议；提出”。常用的搭配：
① offer sth.
e.g.Many people willingly offered their blood.
很多人自愿献血。
② offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 把某物给予某人
e.g.The young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus.
=The young man offered his own seat to the old man on the bus.
那个年轻人在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了那位老人。
③ offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
e.g.She offered to lend me her bike.
她提出将自行车借给我。
（2）做名词，表示愿做某事或给予某物(后接of/to do sth) 。
e.g.Thank you for your kind offer of helping me.
= Thank you for your kind offer to help me.
谢谢你提供的帮助。
2.Show show做及物动词，意为“展示；显示；给……看”，show后可接双宾语。
① show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb.给某人看或者展示某物
e.g.Show me your pen, please.
=Show your pen to me, please.
请让我看一下你的钢笔。
Show your tickets, please.
请出示车票。
注意：在“show+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构中，若直接宾语为指物的代词it或them时，只能用“show it(them) to sb.”结构。
你有一支钢笔，请给我看看。
You have a new pen, please show it to me. √
You have a new pen, please show me it. ×
②意为“带领”，常构成短语show sb. to, 意为“带某人去……”；show sb. around，意为“带某人参观”。
e.g.Please show me to your school.
请带我到你们学校去。
Uncle Wang is going to show us around his farm.
王叔叔将带领我们参观他的农场.
③ show+ that从句看出或者显示说明……
e.g.Your homework shows that you are careful.
从你的作业上可以看出你很认真。
此外，show还可用作名词，意为“展览；陈列；演出”，常构成短语on show，意为“陈列，展览” 。
e.g.There is going to be a picture show in our school.
我们学校将举办一次画展。
His pictures are on show now.
他的画现在正在展览。
3．If you like the Beijing Opera, traditional music or magic shows, you can enjoy them at the teahouse.
如果你喜欢京剧、传统音乐和魔术表演，你可以在这家茶馆里欣赏到它们。
（1）这个句子是一个由if引导的条件状语从句。if是连词，意思是“如果；若”。主句是you can enjoy them at the teahouse，从句是you like the Beijing opera, traditional music or magic shows。
思考：如何使用if条件状语从句呢？
①在句中做条件状语的从句是条件状语从句，可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下，某事很可能发生。紧跟在if后面的句子是从句。
e.g.If you ask him，he will help you．
如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。
If you fail in the exam，you will let him down．
如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。
②另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。
e.g.If I were you，I would invite him to the party．
如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。
学习小窍门：
if 条件句不一般，几个要点记心间；
条件句，放在前，逗号要放句中间。
条件句表可能，主句多用将来时；
条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。
③ if：当“是否”讲时，引导宾语从句。
e.g.I don’t know if he will be free tomorrow.
我不知道他明天是否有空。
注意：if引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句使用的是一般将来时，或含有情态动词的句子或祈使句，从句通常用一般现在时。
e.g.If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the zoo.
如果明天下雨的话，我们将不去动物园。
If he comes, let me know.
如果他来，让我知道。
（从句用一般现在时，主句是祈使句）
难点知识讲解：动词不定式（I）
（1）动词不定式的含义
生活中我们常遇到“我努力去理解”、“决定留下来”等表达方式，其中连续出现了两个动词，这种情况下英语应该如何表达呢？首先请看下面的例句：
We decided to stay for a cup of tea.
我们决定留下来喝杯茶。
I tried to understand the words.
我努力理解这些话。
I want to go to the teahouse.
我想去茶馆。
这三个句子中使用了decide to do sth.，want to do sth.，try to do sth.的表达方式，即行为动词后的动词都采用了“to+动词原形”的结构。我们把这种结构称为动词不定式。其否定形式是“not to do”。
（2）动词不定式作宾语的用法
动词不定式置于谓语动词之后，作动词的宾语，表明意图、希望或决定的内容。
在英语中，并不是所有两个动词连用时都采用“动词+不定式”的形式，一般说来，用不定式时，所表示的多为将来的行为。但是在具体使用中同学们还要注意记忆，因为动词不同，其后动词形式的要求也就不同。
常见的后面接“to十动词原形”作宾语的动词有：plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love等。
口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）
想要学习早打算（want learn plan）
快准备有希望（prepare hope wish expect）
同意否供选择（agree offer choose）
决定了已答应（decide determine promise）
尽力去着手做（manage undertake）
别拒绝别假装（refuse pretend）
失败不是属于你（fail）
e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.
汤姆拒绝把他的钢笔借给我。
We hope to get there before dark.
我们希望在天黑之前到达那儿。
The girl decided to do it herself.
这个女孩决定自己做。
注意：某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语，但意义不同的有：
Module 6 Animals in danger
1.形容词变成副词的规律。
一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词。例如：quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly等。
构成方法例子
一些以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，要把y改为i再加-ly。happy—happily, angry—angrily
有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词，去掉e 加-y。possible—possibly terrible—terribly
少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。
但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。true—truly polite—politely wide—widely
以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾加-ly，而不是只加-y。除非是以-ll 结尾的才在词尾只加-y。careful—carefully useful—usefully full—fully
温馨提示：副词修饰行为动词这一点。如：
He is very ________(careful).
He does everything ________(carefully)
第一句中是作表语，用形容词careful；第二句中修饰行为动词does用副词carefully。
常考的形容词和副词辨析有：hard 努力——hardly 几乎不；late迟的，晚的——lately 近来；deep 深——deeply 深深地；near靠近——nearly 差不多；wide 宽——widely 广泛地；high高的——highly 高度地；close 靠近的——closely 密切地；free免费的——freely 自由地。
典例剖析：
Tom studies ________ but his sister ________ studies.
A．hard，hard B．hardly，hardly
C．hard，hardly D．hardly，hard
答案：C
解题技巧：
此题第一个陷阱是hard和hardly的区别，通常我们会认为hard的副词是hardly，事实上hard既是adj.又是adv.，而hardly是另外一个adv.，中文是“几乎不……”。hard作为adv.时，通常在修饰的动词之后，而hardly通常在动词之前，译这句中文“Tom学习努力，而他的妹妹
（1）不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，或省略to用动词原形。在句中使用时不能作谓语，但可以和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
e.g.The mother wants her to read English every day.
母亲要她的儿子每天读英语。
My mother asked me not to read in bed.
我的母亲要求我不要躺在床上看书。
（2）不定式的句法作用：
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作宾语、宾补和状语。
①作宾语
e.g.He wants to go out with her.
他想和她一起出去。（want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”）
注意：
a. 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。
e.g.Would you like to see a film this evening？
你今晚想去看电影吗？
b. 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
e.g.I find it easy to read English every day.
我发现每天读英语很简单。
②作宾语补足语：动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
e.g.Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.
露丝要他关小收音机。(他关小收音机)
注意：动词不定式在使役动词make, let和感官动词see, watch, hear, feel等词后作宾补时，常省去不定式符号to。had better, would rather后的不定式也不带to，help后的不定式可带to，也可不带to。
e.g.Her mother makes her do homework every evening.
她母亲要她每天晚上都写作业。
Let’s see the dolphins.
我们去看海豚吧。
I hear her sing every day.
我听见她每天都唱歌。
You’d better do homework first.
你最好先做作业。
但make, see, hear等词在被动语态中，其后的不定式要带to。
e.g.She was heard to speak English.
有人听到她说英语。
③作目的状语，表示某一动作或状态的目的，常常翻译成“为了……”。它可置于句首或者句末。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加in order to或so as to。
e.g.Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.
王女士去上海看望她的女儿。
To arrive in time, we’ll start early.
为了及时到达，我们将早出发。
We should work hard in order to pass the exam.
=We should work hard so as to pass the exam.
我们应该努力学习以便我们能通过考试。
注意：不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。
e.g.They told us not to play basketball too long.
他们告诉我们不要打太长时间的篮球。
You’d better not go to bed late.
你最好不要睡觉太晚。
M7 A famous story
1. a girl called Alice.
此处called为过去分词，修饰girl，放在名词之后。相当于named.
2.fall down 跌倒，掉下fall behind 跟不上，落在……后面
fall into 落入……中fall off 从……上掉下来fall back 退回
fall asleep 入睡fall ill 生病
Eg：She fell down and hurt her leg yesterday.
Leaves fall off the trees in fall.
They felt tired and fell asleep quickly.
3. It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone.
●in a tree (外来物或人)在树上
on a tree (树上本身有的东西：apple等)在树上
Eg：There is a bird in the tree.
There are a lot of apples on the tree.
●smile at sb 对sb微笑
Eg：Lucy is very kind and always smiles at others.
4.“到达”的表达：
arrive in+大地点get to +地点reach +地点
at+小地点(get home\there\here)
5. have a tea party 举办茶会
6. To see if you remember the story.
●To see 为不定式，在此处作目的状语，表示“为了看看”
●If引导的是一个宾语从句，表示“是否”，不充当任何成分，与whether可以互换
7. have nothing to do 没什么事可做nothing\something to eat\drink
nothing 作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数
8. once or twice=from time to time 偶尔
Eg：Once or twice he goes to school on foot.
once 一次twice 两次三次及以上：数词+times three times six times
9. what……for?=why……? 为什么? ；……有什么用?
Eg：(1) ---What are you sitting on the eggs for?
---I’m sitting on them to hatch the chicks.
(2) ---Why are you late again?
---Because there is an accident on the road.
10. nothing strange 没什么奇怪的事
形容词strange作后置定语，修饰不定代词nothing。在英语中，当形容修饰不定代词something\anything\nothing\everything等时，形容词必须放在不定代词后面，作后置定语。
Eg：I have something important to do.
There is something strange appeared in the sky.
11. hear sb do sth 听到sb 做sth(此处是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，类似的有
make\let\have\help sb do sth 等)
hear sb doing sth 听到sb 正在做sth
Eg：I heard her play the piano in the next room just now.
I hear someone singing in the room.
12.take sth out of sp 把sth从sp掏出
rush\jump out of sp 从sp冲\跳出去
13. across 表示动作是在物体的表面进行，如过河，过桥，过马路。
through 表示动作是在物体的内部空间进行，如穿过森林、门、隧道，光线射入等Eg：Be careful to look both ways before you go across the road.
The driver must slow down when they drive through the tunnel.
14. too……to…… 太……而不能……
Eg：He is too young to carry the heavy bag.
拓展：(1) too……to……可以和so……that……互换
Eg：She is too young to go to school.
=She is so young that she can’t go to school.
(2) too……to……可以和not……enough to……互换(not后的形容词与too后的形容词
是相反的)
Eg：She is too young to go to school.
=She is not old enough to go to school.
15. land on 落到……上；着陆
Eg：The plane will land on the island in five minutes.
16. 宾语从句：
(1) 定义：在主从复合句中，充当宾语成分的从句就叫做宾语从句。
(2) 位置：常在及物动词或介词之后。
(3) 引导词：
●that 无意义，不充当任何成分，常可以省略；
●if\whether表示“是否”，不充当任何成分，两者可以互换，但有or not时只能用whether；
●who\what\where\when\why等表示“谁”、“什么”、“哪里”、“何时”、“为什么”，分别
可以充当主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语和原因状语，不可以省略。
(4) 语序：陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”
(5) 时态：
●当主句为现在或将来时态时，宾语从句可以使用任何时态；
●当主句为过去时态时，宾语从句可以使用过去的某种时态(一般过去时，过去进行
时等)；
●当主句为过去时态时，宾语从句表示一种客观真理、事实时，用一般现在时。
Eg：I know (that) you met him yesterday.
He asked if I would come.
I don’t understand what you say.
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.
The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.
M8 Accidents
1. on the phone 通过电话通话(on 表示“通过”)
2. look pale 看起来很苍白
此处look作为半系动词，后跟adj. 常见的半系动词有taste\smell\sound\feel.
Eg：The music sounds good.
The food tastes delicious.
The sofa feels comfortable.
3. listen 听(强调听的过程，后接宾语时需加to,即listen to……)
hear 听到(强调听到的结果，后接do或doing)
Eg：We should listen to the teachers carefully.
I hear someone singing in the next room. (我听到有人正在隔壁房间唱歌)
I hear someone sing in the next room. (我听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌)
4.appear(v.) 出现→ appearance(n.)disappear(v.) 消失
Eg：He suddenly disappeared in front of us.
5. hit 撞击；打
Eg：The bus hits the bridge.
He hits me on the head.
此外，hit 还可以作名词，表示“轰动一时的成功”
Eg：His song made a hit.
6. be glad to do sth 很高兴去做sth
Eg：I am glad to see you again.
7. in time 及时
on time 准时，按时
Eg：I hope you can come back in time.
Please hand in your homework on time.
8. fall off=fall down from 从……摔下来你fall asleep 入睡fall into 掉入
fall in love with sb 爱上某人fall behind 落在……后面
9. the risk of ……的风险 side by side 肩并肩
pay attention to注意……(to 是一个介词，后接名词或doing
Eg：We should pay more attention to developing economy.
10. sometimes 有时 some times 几次；几倍
sometime (将来或过去)某个时候some time 一段时间
Eg：He sometimes sends me an e-mail.
Remember it some times, or you will forget it.
Let’s have a party sometime next week.
I will stay with you for some time.
11. try to do sth 试图去做某事try one’s best to do sth 尽某人全力去做某事 have a try 试一试
Eg：The little boy tries to go across the road by himself.
We should try our best to save the animals in danger.
Do you have a try?
12. pick up 捡起，拾起(代词只能放中间，名词放在中间或后面均可)
pick sb up (开车)接某人 pick sth up 学会某事
Eg：After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday.
Mike picked up a few words of Chinese last summer.
13. call sb call up=ring up 打电话给sb call on 拜访sb
Eg：Call me up tomorrow.
I called on my grandparents yesterday.
14. take photos 照相
15. hide—hid—hidden 隐藏 hide up 包庇(坏人)
hide sth from sb 瞒着某人某事hide out 躲藏
Eg：---Why did the policeman catch the man just now?
---He hid up the murderer.
She hid her brother’s death from her parents.
16. throw—threw—thrown 扔；抛 throw away 抛弃
throw about 到处乱扔 throw at 向……扔去
Eg：Don’t throw about the waste paper.
The naughty boy throws at the dog a stone.
17. As he was lying there in great pain,Henry suddenly remember the photo.
lie 此处为不及物动词，意为“躺”。其过去式、过去分词分别为lay，lain；现在分词为lying。
He was lying on the bed.
lie 的其他用法：①不及物动词，意为“说谎”。过去式、过去分词均为lied；现在分词为lying。lie to sb 向sb撒谎Eg：Don’t lie to me.
②不及物动词，意为“位于”。此时其过去式、过去分词分别为lay，lain；现在分词为lying。Shandong lies in the east of China. 山东位于中国东部。
18. hurry up hurry to do sth in a hurry
19. as 当……时=when\while
l as……as 与……一样 not as\so……as与……不一样
l as……as possible尽可能=as……as sb can\could
l as soon as 一……就
Eg：He is as tall as me.
We should study as hard as possible.
I will call you as soon as I get home. http:// www.xkb https://www.doczj.com/doc/4917944448.html,
20. send sth to sb=send sb sth
show sth to stb=show sb sth
21. use A to do B 用A去做B → A be used to do B A被用来做B
get\be used to doing 习惯于做sth used to do sth 过去常常做sth
Eg：We can use the bamboo to make a basket.
He is\gets used to getting up early.
He used to get up early.
22. on one’s way to 在sb去……路上 get in the way 妨碍
in this way 用这种方法by the way 顺便问下in a way 在某种程度
take off (飞机)起飞；脱下(衣服)
make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth 决定做某事
语法全解：
when和while 都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生，但二者意义不尽相同。
1. when引导的从句可表示时间点，也可表示时间段，从句的位于动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词；while引导的从句通常表示时间段，从句中宜用延续性动词作谓语。They arrived while we were watching TV.
2. 含有when引导的时间状语的主从复合句，如果主句用过去进行时，从句应该用一般过去式，表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作发生，强调后一动作发生的突然性。
We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off.
3. 当主从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生，主从句都用过去进行时的时候，从句多用while引导。
They were reading while we were writing .
4. 如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前”或“之后”发生时，多用when，不用while。
此外，when还含有“at the moment “的意思，此时引导的句子不能放在句首，也不能用while来替换
主谓一致判断法
主谓一致是指在一个英语句子中，主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致，这种一致性体现在联系动词be和助动词do, have的人称和数上，以及实义动词的第三人称单数上
1. 不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
2. 动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
3. E ither…or… : neither…nor…: not only…but also…: 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
4. 在here : there 开头的倒装句中，谓语动词与后面的珠玉在数上保持一致。
M9 Population
1. The population of China is about 1.37billion.
Theλ population of sp i s……. 表示sp有多少人。
此外用sp has a population of……也可以表示sp有多少人。
形容人口（population）的多少用big/ large 或small 当population 作主语时，谓语动词用单数●询问某地有多少人口有两种表达方法：
1．What’s the population of …
2. How large is the population of …
注意：询问某地有多少人口时不用how many 和how much
hundred\thousand\million\billion等前有数字，用单数形式three hundredλ
hundred\thousand\million\billion等后有of，用复数形式thousands of
2. noise (n.) 噪音noisy(adj.) 吵闹的make noise 发出噪音
voice 指嗓音(人说话或唱歌)
sound 指一切声音
3. prepare 准备prepare for 为……做准备prepare to do sth 准备去做某事.
Eg：They are preparing for the New Year.
We prepare to go fishing next weekend.
4. report 报告；报道make a report 做报告reporter 记者，通讯员
notes 名词复数形式“笔记随笔” make notes 记笔记
5. such as \for example 例如，比如
too much+不可数名词much too+adj. 太……
too many+可数名词
Eg：I like fruit, such as apples, bananas.
I have too much homework to do today.
That dress is much too long for me.
There are too many people in the shop on Sunday.
6. increase by+倍数\百分数增加了……
to+具体增长后的数字增加到……
Eg：The number of teachers increased by twice.
The population of the town increased to 50000.
7. be born in+年份\地点I was born in 1985.
of+家庭He was born of a rich family.
8. one fifth 五分之一
分数的表达法：分子在前，用基数词；分母在后，用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母需要用复数如：two thirds
9. hang on a minute. 稍等
10. quiet (adj.) 安静的；宁静的quietly(adv.) 安静地
quite ( adv.)相当，十分
Eg：Please keep quiet, my father is sleeping now.
She is quite beautiful in that red coat.
11. close to=next to 靠近，挨着
Eg：His house is close to a supermarket.
12. move to 移到
Eg：More and more people move to the big cities these years.
13. It be +adj. to do sth
one of + 可数名词复数……之一(谓语动词用单数)
14. local 当地的close down 关闭
Eg：The local government should do something to solve the water pollution.
This shop closed down last year.
15. It takes sb st to do sth
sb spend(s) st\sm on sth
(in) doing sth
sth cost(s) sb sm
sb pay sth for sm
16. public services 公共服务 a public telephone 公用电话
in public 在公共场合the public 公众
17. in fact 事实上all over the world 全世界
18. face danger 面对危险face to face 面对面地make a face 做鬼脸
as a result 结果是；因此
19. die from 由于……而死(死于外因，如事故等)
die of 因……而死(死于内因，如疾病等)
Eg：He died from an accident.
A lot of people died of cancers
20. leave 离开(某地)
① leave for+目的地前往(目的地) 启程去某地
I’ll leave for Shanghai next week.
② leave 还有“忘了带，留下”之意
I left my book at home .
21. 辨析：job 与work
job （cn）指具体的职业或零工
work（un）指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动
【Grammer】:
冠词：是限定的一种词，不能单独使用，常用于修饰名词。冠词有三种形式：不定冠词（a/an）, 定冠词（the）和零冠词（/）。
● 1.不定冠词的用法
不定冠词用来修饰可数名词单数，指人或物种的某一个或某一类，但不具体说明是何人何物。不定冠词的常见用法有：
①表示“一个”的概念。Population is a big problem for cities .
②表示“每一“的概念，相当于every 。I watch TV once a week .
③首次提到的某人或某物，不定冠词起介绍作用。 A student wants to ask you some questions
④某些固定短语中，要用不定冠词。have a good time have a look have a rest
●2.定冠词的用法
①指前文中提到过的人或物。I have a dog . The dog is black .
②特指某人或某物。The girl with long hair is my younger sister .
③指说话双方都知道的人或物I had to write the same report last term .
④用于专有名词前。the Great Wall the Pacific Ocean
⑤用于世界上独一无二的事物前。the sun the moon
⑥用于姓氏复数形式之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”。the Smiths
⑦用于形容词最高级前。the biggest city
⑧用于序数词前。the first boy
⑨用于西洋乐器名词前。play the piano
⑩某些形容词前加定冠词the ，表示一类人或物。the young the old
人教版八年级上册知识点汇总与习题 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 短语归纳 go on vacation去度假stay at home待在家里go to the mountains去爬山 go to the beach去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp去参观夏令营 quite a few相当多study for为……而学习go out出去most of the time大部分时间 taste good尝起来很好吃have a good time玩得高兴of course当然in the past在过去 feel like给……的感觉；感受go shopping去购物walk around四处走走because of因为one bowl of… 一碗…… the next day第二天drink tea喝茶find out找出；查明 go on继续take photos照相something important重要的事up and down上上下下 come up出来buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝起来…… look+adj. 看起来…… nothing…but+动词原形除了……之外什么都没有 seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来…… arrive in+大地点/ arrive at+小地点到达某地 decide to do sth.决定去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事/ try to do sth.尽力去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事start doing sth.开始做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事 Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢？so+adj.+that+从句如此……以至于…… tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 语法讲解 1. go on vacation 度假 vacation相当于holiday，但vacation表示长的假期。 4. something interesting有趣的东西 1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。 somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。
Module 1 Unit 1 1 Listen and number the pictures. 1 Lingling: Guess what it is! Betty: It tastes sweet. Is it a cookie? 2 Daming: Ugh! This milk smells sour. Tony: Don’t drink it. 3 Betty: This bed feels a bit soft. Lingling: Try a harder bed. 4 Lingling: T om looks very strong! Daming: Yes. He does a lot of exercise. 2Listen again and complete the sentences. 1 Lingling: Guess what it is! Betty: It tastes sweet. Is it a cookie? 21听录音，把图画标上序号。 1 玲玲:猜猜它是什么！ 贝蒂:它尝起来很甜。是小甜饼吗？2 大明:呃！这牛奶闻起来酸了。 托尼:别喝了。 3 贝蒂:这张床摸起来有点儿软。 玲玲:试一张硬点儿的。 4 玲玲:汤姆看起来很强壮！ 大明:是的。他做很多运动。 2再听一遍录音并完成句子。 1 玲玲:猜猜它是什么！ 贝蒂:它尝起来很甜。是小甜饼吗？2 大明:呃！这牛奶闻起来酸了。 托尼:别喝了。 3 贝蒂:这张床摸起来有点儿软。 玲玲:试一张硬点儿的。 4 玲玲:汤姆看起来很强壮！ 大明:是的。他做很多运动。 3听一听，读一读。 托尼:呣……好香的味道啊！你的比萨饼看起来很好。 贝蒂:谢谢！你想尝一尝吗？ 托尼:好的。它看起来令人愉快，闻起来很香，呣，它尝起来很 好吃。 大明:顶上的是什么？ 贝蒂: 噢，那是奶酪。你想尝一块吗？大明:呃！不，谢谢。恐怕我不喜欢奶酪。它闻起来不新鲜。它气 味太强烈并且尝起来有点儿酸。贝蒂:嗯，我的巧克力甜饼现在做好
外研版英语八年级下册Module4-U1综合自测题 一、单项选择 1. —______ will you fly to Beijing? —In two days. [中考·长沙] A. How long B. How often C. How soon 2. —You play the piano so well. ______ do you take piano lessons? [中考·重庆A卷] —I go to piano lessons twice a week. A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How much 3. —______ has Hong Kong been back to our motherland? —For over 20 years. How time flies! A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. How far 4. Jack has learned more about teamwork(团队合作) ______ he joined the soccer team. [中考·黔南] A. until B. since C. while D. though 5. I have been in China ______ 1997. [中考·雅安] A. since B. for C. in D. until 6. This medicine ______ millions of people’s lives since it was put into use. [中考·上海] A. is saving B. will save C. has saved D. had saved 7. How long has Julia ______ a cold? A. have B. had C. catch D. caught 8. —Has the doctor ______ your temperature? —Yes, he has. A. took B. taken C. did D. done 9. Jill is ill. Have you ______ her temperature? A. get B. taken C. had D. catch 10. —Simon failed the exam again. —That’s not surprising. Computer games ______ too much of his time. [中考·泰州] A. take in B. take on C. take off D. take up 11. My mother tells me ______ food is good ______ my health. A. health; to B. healthy; to C. healthy; for D. health; for 12. —It has been much easier for me to go to work ______ shared bikes appeared. [中考·宜昌] —But they also caused plenty of problems. A. since B. before C. unless D. though 13. —What’s the matter? —I have a ______. I have to go to the doctor. A. head B. tooth C. cold D. nose 14. He eats ______ food, so he is ______ fat. A. too many; too much B. too many; much too C. too much; too much D. too much; much too 二、根据句意/首字母提示/括号提示的适当形式完成单词 1. Tina has got many interesting experiences __________ (自……以来) she came to China. 2. Lily has a __________ (牙痛) . She has to see a dentist right now. 3. —Do you have a __________ (头痛) ? —Yes, my head often hurts. 4. Jimmy’s body was hot with a __________ (发烧) . 5. If you don’t often have breakfast, you’ll suffer from a bad ____________ (胃痛) . 6. Reading in the sun is __________ (harm) to your eyes. 7. The nurse has taken the __________(boy) temperature. There is no fever. 8. Mr. Liu ____________(stay) in his office since eight o’clock this morning. 9. You’d better take the medicine three __________ (time) a day.
七年级热爱英语学习的同学们 学英语真好玩，学英语，真容易，听说读写和翻译； 多模仿，多记忆，早读晚听别忘记； 只要坚持有毅力，考试定能取得好成绩； 理想大学属于你，将来必定成大器。 在初中各门学科中，英语是最容易两极分化的学科，而词汇学习是学生学英语的一道“门槛”。可以说如果学生学会了如何记忆单词，那么，他就掌握了学习英语特别有利的途径。 许多学生因为词汇量小，看不懂课本，听不懂录音，听不懂老师讲课，一些练习无法做，从 而丧失了学习英语的兴趣和信心。因而要多运用音标等多种途经加强对单词的识记至关重 要。 一、七年级字母教学资料 英语中共有26 个字母。其中的Aa，Ee，Ii ，Oo，Uu 5 个字母被称为元音字母。这五个 1. 元音字母是构成英语成千上万单词的核心，词，通常都应包含一个或多个元音字母。 字母书写的规格 除了一些缩略词之外，其它任何一个英语单 26 个字母中的其它21 个字母被称为辅音字母。 2. ①斜度：每个字母都要稍向右斜约10°左右，斜度要一致。 ②大写字母的书写规格是：上不顶天下立地。即笔画的上端稍离第一线，笔画的下端必须 紧贴第三线，不许离线也不许出格。 a, c, e, m, n, o, r, s, u, v, w, x, z ③占中间格的小写字母有13 个，它们 笔画的上端必须紧贴第二线，下端必须紧贴第三线，不许离线也不许出格。 b, d, h, k, l ④占一格、二格的小写字母有共 5 个，它们笔画的上端必须顶第一线， 下端必须顶第三线，不许离线也不许出格。 i t t i ⑤小写字母和也占一格、二格。但的上端在第一格中间，短横重合第二线； 的小圆点在第一格中间稍偏下处。 g, q, y ⑥占二格、三格的小写字母有个，它们的笔画的顶端要紧贴第二线，下端要 3 紧贴第四线，不可离线也不可出格。 - 1 -
八年级英语语法归纳整理(下册) Topic1 一. 重点词汇 ( 一 ) 词形转换: 1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) king https://www.doczj.com/doc/4917944448.html,fortable(名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety ( 二 ) 词的辨析 1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on 3. other /else 4. raise /rise 5.each /every 6.exciting / excited (三)重点词组: 1.go on a visit to 去……旅行 2. make the decision 做决定 3.bring back 带回 4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行 5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定 6 see the sunrise 看日出 7. make a reservation 预订 8. come up with 想出(主意) 9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望 10. pay for 支付;赔偿 11. raise money 筹钱 12. book a ticket 订票 13. make a room for sb 为……订房间 14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快 15. in the daytime 在白天 16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 17.find out 查出
外研版英语八年级下册知识点总结 Module 1 Feelings and impressions Unit 1 1. What a delicious smell? Smell:一股气味（可数名词） _____ good advice! It’s so helpful to us. (what / How) _____ interesting the story is! (What / How) 2. nice:adj. 美味的，友好的，令人愉快的 nice weather: 好天气 be nice to sb.:对某人友好 a nice trip: 一次令人愉快的旅行 The cookie tastes nice. 这块饼干尝起来美味。 3. would like 比want 语气更委婉。 ----Would you like to stay here with us? ---- Yes, I’d like / love to. 4. lovely: 令人愉快的，可爱的修饰人或物 a lovely afternoon / girl lively: 活泼的，生动的 a lively lesson:一堂生动的课 5. I’m afraid that + 从句: 恐怕（表示歉意或让对方失望的情况）I’m afraid that I can’t come to your party tomorrow. 6. 1) a bit = a little:有点儿，有点后接/形容词/副词\形容词/副词的比较级 I feel a bit thirsty now. After the rain, people feel a bit / a little cooler. 2) a little + 不可数名词： There is a little time left. a bit of + 不可数名词： There is a bit of water in the bottle. 7. have a try: 试一试 have a / an + 名词 have a swim:游泳 have a break:休息 have a shower:洗沐浴 8. I have a sweet tooth. 我喜欢吃甜食。 9. be done: 做好了，完成了done: adj. 做好了的，完成了 10. be sure + 从句：Are you sure what you said? Be sure of / about sth.: 对……确信 I’m sure of / about the telephone number. be sure (not) to do. Sth.: 确保/ 务必（不）做某事 Be sure not to miss the early bus. 11. lucky day:幸运日 You’re a lucky boy. 你是一个幸运儿。 Good luck to you. 祝你好运。 Unit 2 1. thanks for = thank you for: 因……而感谢你 Thank you for your help. Thank you for sending me photos. 2. message: 口信、信息（可数名词） take a message:捎个口信 leave a message:留信 Information: 信息（不可数名词） a piece of information , some information 3. hear from sb. = get / receive a letter from sb. : 收到某人的来信 I heard from my uncle last week. = I got / received a letter from my uncle last week. 4. can’t wait to do sth. : 等不及/ 迫不及待做某事 I can’t wait to open the present. 5. quite: 1) quite a / an + 形容词+ 名词 quite a nice boy:一个相当好的男孩。 2) quite 修饰动词时放在动词前
八年级英语( 上) 综合练习题 一、选择题。 ( ) 1、Why don’t we ________ half an hour in cleaning the classroom? A．to spend B. spent C. spend D. spending ( ) 2、The dictionary _______ me twenty yuan. A．paid B. spent C. took D. cost ( ) 3、The rain stopped the farmers _______ in the fields. A. working B. worked C. work D. to work ( ) 4、We should always _________ our teachers carefully in class. A. listening to B. listen to C. to listen D. to listening to ( ) 5、I saw the boy ______ up to me at this time yesterday afternoon. A. to walk B. walked C. walking D. walk ( ) 6、They enjoyed _______ last holiday. A. they B. their C. them D. themselves ( ) 7、You______ smoke if you see this symbol ““ A. mustn’t B. can C. needn’t D. should ( ) 8、I have ______ this novel for one week. A. kept B. borrowed C. lent D. bought ( ) 9、The old man has _______ for several years. A. died B. been dead C. die D. death ( ) 10、I can’t find my pen . I think I _______ it . A. lost B. losed C. have lost D. is losing ( ) 11、-----Thank you for sending me the beautiful flowers. ----_____.( 选出不恰当的一项) A. You are welcome B. It is a pleasure. C. That’s all right D. No thanks. ( ) 12、My classmates like playing _____basketball, but they don’t like to play_____ trumpet. A. X, the B. the , X C. an, the D. X., X ( ) 13、Since 1989 Project Hope _______ many schools. A. built B. build C. has built D. is building ( ) 14、Project Hope has built many labs since the manger ______ lots of money for it. A. has raised B. raised C. is raising D. raise ( ) 15、We have ______ been there, but we have _____ been Beijing. A. ever, never B. never , already C. just, yet D. since , for ( ) 16、A：_____ else? B：Yes, I have ______ to tell you. A. Something, anything important B. Anything, something important C. Nothing, important ( ) 17、Get ___ the boat when you reach the bridge .Then get _____ a No.51 bus to the end. A. on, off B. off, on C. on, on D. off, off ( ) 18、Open th window, _________? A. shall we B. will you C. don’t you D. didn’t you ( ) 19、Let’s have a party tonight, ________? A. shall we B. will you C. don’t you D. didn’t you ( ) 20、It is ______ to learn English well if ( 如果) you study hard. A. probably B. impossible C. may be D. possible
人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结 一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写 要熟练掌握元音和辅音，5个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间距。 二、be动词的用法 be动词有三种变形，分别是：am, is, are。记忆口诀： "我"用am, "你"用are, is用于"他、她、它";单数全都用is，复数全部都用are。 三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格) 1、三种人称：第一人称(I, we)，第二人称(you, you)，第三人称(he, she, it, Maria)。 2、人称代词的主格，即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态：I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。 3、人称代词的宾格，即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态：me, us, you, you, him, her, it。 4、形容词性物主代词：my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。 5、名词性物主代词：mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。 6、反身代词：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。 四、基数词(表示数量多少的词，大致相当于代数里的自然数)
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。 五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句 1、一般疑问句：能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。 2、特殊疑问句：不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。 六、可数名词变复数 可数名词变复数时，有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1、规则变化： (1)一般情况直接在词尾加"-s "，如：cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等; (2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词，要在词尾加"-es "，如：bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等; (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加"-es "，如：baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等; (4)部分以f (e)结尾的词，变f (e)为"ves "，如：knife-knives, half-halves 等; (5)以o结尾的词，加"-s "或"-es "，如：zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀：除了"英雄"hero外，凡是能吃的，加"-es "，不能吃的加"-s "。
初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do?
外研版八年级英语下册重点知识点 Module 1 语法：系动词:一是(be: am ,is ,are ,been ,was ,were),一觉得(feel),一好像(seem),一保持(keep) ,三变化(turn, become, get ),四起来(smell, sound ,look ,taste),后跟形容词. 知识点：1.would like =want , would like to do sth=want to do sth . 想要做某事 would like sb. to do sth .=want sb. to do sth 想要某人做某事 would you like ...? 其后用some 不用any . 句子:Would you like to do sth . 肯定回答:Yes ,please ./sure ,thanks ./Yes ,I’d like to./Yes ,I’d love to 否定回答:No, thanks ./Sorry ,I’m afraid I can’t . 2.try to do sth .尽力做某事;试图做某事;设法做某事,但不一定成功.否定式:try not to do sth. try doing sth .试着做某事,看看会发生什么情况. have a try 试一试 3.a bit 与a little 1)两者修饰动词,形容词,副词或比较级, 2)a little 可以直接修饰不可数名词,相当于a bit of 4.have a try 试试看, have a look 看一看have a headache头疼have a rest 休息 have a meeting 开会have a good time 玩得愉快have a fever发烧 5.lots of =a lot of 很多,大量,常用于肯定句中.既可修饰可数相当于many , 又可修饰不可数,相当于much . a lot 相当于very much ,多与动词连用,修饰形容词,副词的比较级. 6.提出建议:1)Let’s do sth.让我们做…吧. 2)How about /what about doing sth ?做..怎么样 3)Why not do sth ?为什么不…? 4)Would you like to do …?你愿意做….吗? 5)Shall we do …?我们做…好吗? 6)You’d better(not) do ..你最好(不)做某事. 7.Thanks for sth. =Thank you for sth. 因…而感谢.后V+ing . Thanks to 幸亏,由于,归功于. 8.leave a message留个口信, take/have a message for sb.给某人带个口信. 9.hear from sb.=get /receive a letter from sb . 收到…的来信hear about /of 得悉,听说 Hear out 听完hear to 同意 10.can’t wait to do sth .迫不及待做某事wait for 等候…,后接等待的对象,名词或代词
剑桥英语八年级上册期末试卷 姓名：班级：时间：100分钟满分：120分 第I卷 （听力部分共20分） I. 听力对话理解。（共5分，每小题1分） 根据你所听到的对话从每小题的三个选项中选择一个正确答案。每段对话听两遍。 1. How does Cindy often go to school? A. By bus. B. On foot. C. By bike. 2. How many apples will the girl cut up? A. One apple. B. Two apples. C. Three apples. 3. Which cinema is the cheapest in the city? A. The Town Cinema. B. The Showtime Cinema. C. The Showdown Cinema. 4. Which subject is the girl good at? A. Physics. B. Math. C. Physics and math. 5. Where did Peter visit in America? A. Paris. B. New York. C. Los Angeles. 6. Where is the man going on the day off? A. He is going to see some friends. B. He is staying at home. C. He is going out to do some sports. 7. How does Thomas play basketball？ A. Better than Tom B. Best in his class C. worst in his class 8. What did Tony see in the zoo? A. some monkeys B. some snakes C. A panda 9. What did Kate do yesterday? A. She had some classes B. She swam with her friends. C. She went hiking 10. Why didn't Jim have fun on his day off? A. He had to help his father on the farm. B. He argued with the girl. C. We don't know. II. 听力篇章理解。（共10分，每小题1分） 听下面AB两段对话和C篇的一段独白，从每小题的三个选项中选出一个正确答案。对话和独白听两遍。 A 11. Where does Mr. Read come from? A. England B. New York C. A middle school in China 12. What are they going to do tomorrow? A. Go to school B. Have a Chinese class C. Have a swim 13. Does Mr Read speak Chinese? A. No, he doesn't. B. Yes, he doesn't. C. Yes, a little. B 14. What does the girl like better? A. Art B. Music C. Running 15. What is the girl not good at? A. Singing songs B. Drawing C. Swimming 16. What does the teacher think of art and music? A. Art is easier than music. B. Art is not important C. Both of them are popular. C 17. Why was Tom worried all week? A. Because he lost his bike. B. Because he got a letter from the police. C. Because his mother was ill. 18. What did the policeman tell Tom to do? A. To find his lost bike. B. To go to the train station. C. To go to the police station. 19. How were the policemen sending Tom’s lost bike? A. By car B. By train C. By bus 20. When did Tom lose his bike? A. Twelve years ago B. Two years ago. C. Twenty years ago 第II卷（笔试部分共100分） III. 单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并将答案写在试题前的括号内。 21. Tom is ______taller than any other student in his class. A. much A. very C. more D. much more 22. —Would you like ________to drink? —Yes, I’d like a glass of water. A. something else B. else something 题号ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦ总分得分
七年级各单元知识点汇总Unit1 My name’s Gina. 重点短语 1.your/his/her/my name 你的/他的/她的/我的名词 2.first name 名字 3.middle school 中学 4.telephone number 电话号码 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4917944448.html,st name 姓 6.in China 在中国 重点句型 1.—What’s your name? 你叫什么名字？ —Alan 艾伦 2.—I’m Jenny. Nice to meet you. 我是珍妮。见到你很高兴。—Nice to meet you, too.见到你我也很高兴。 3.—Good morning! I’m Cindy. 早上好！我是辛迪。 —Hello, Cindy! I’m Dale.你好，辛迪！我是戴尔。 4.—My name’s Linda. Are you Helen? 我是琳达。你是海伦吗？ 5.—What’s her name? 她叫什么名字？ —She’s Jane. 她是简。 6.—Is he Jack? 他是杰克吗？ —No, he isn’t. His name’s Mike.不，他不是。他的名字是迈克。 7.What’s your phone number?你的电话号码是多少？ It’s 587-6275. 它是587-6275。 8.My friend is in China.我的朋友在中国。 重点语法 1. 2.Be动词的一般现在时形式：am, is, are I用am You 用are Is 用于他他它 Unit2 This is my sister. 重点短语 1.family name 全家福 2.have a good day （表示祝愿）过得愉快！ 3. a picture of 一张……的照片 4.in the first phone 在第一张照片里 5.family tree 家庭关系图
初二英语知识点总结： （一） 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t 否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow） I’ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. （sleep later） _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later） _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _____________________________ 答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I’ll sleep later. 3. They’ll buy one soon. 4. We’ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow. （二）should的用法：