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介词 系动词

介词 系动词
介词 系动词

一、介词的分类

介词可分为三类:

1. 简单介词

由一个单词构成的介词。如:about, after, but, for, from, below等。

2. 复合介词

由两个或两个以上单词合成的介词,如:into, throughout,onto,within,without, nearby等。

3. 短语介词

一个或两个简单介词和一个或几个其他词类组合成一个短语,相当于一个介词,叫做短语介词,这类介词的末尾总是一个简单介词。如:according to, because of, out of, in front of, instead of, along with 等。

二、介词短语及其用法

(一)介词短语的构成

介词短语是以介词为中心词的词组,其结构模式通常是“介词 + 补足成分”。

1. 介词 + 名词 + 介词

in front of, in spite of, by means of, on account of, with regard to, in view of, in return for, in addition to, for the sake of, in accordance with(按照,根据,和……一致)等。

2. 形容词(或分词、副词、连词) + 介词

because of, instead of, according to, ahead of, owing to, apart from,due to,opposite to等。

3. 连词 + 分词(或形容词) + 介词

as compared with, as opposed to等。

(二)介词短语的用法

介词短语作为一个成分在句中可用作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。

1. 作定语

介词短语作定语时,一般放在被修饰词的后面,作后置定语。

The book on the desk is very interesting. 书桌上的那本书很有趣。

China is a great country with a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。

2. 作状语

介词短语作状语时,一般放在动词后面或句末、句首。用来表示时间、地点、目的、方式和原因等。

The basketball match will start at nine. 篮球比赛将在9点开始。(表示时间)

He likes to swim in the river. 他喜欢去河里游泳。(表示地点)

I went there to get my book back. 我去那里取回我的书。(表示目的)

I came here by bike. 我骑自行车来到这里。(表示方式)

She was trembling with fear. 她吓得直发抖。(表示原因)

3. 作表语

介词短语作表语时,一般放在be动词和连系动词之后。

I'm on duty today. 今天我值日。

My English teacher is from Australia. 我的英语老师来自澳大利亚。

(4)作宾语补足语

介词短语作宾语补足语时,一般放在宾语之后。

Help yourself to some fish. 请吃鱼。

I found everything ill good condition. 我发现一切状况良好。

We all think of him as an honest man. 我们都认为他是一个诚实的人。

三、常用介词的意义及用法

(一)表示时间的介词

英语中表示时间的介词很多,主要有以下这些:at, on,in, after,for,since, by,till,until等。

1. at的用法

时间介词at表示时刻或时间的某一点。如:

at 4: 30 (noon, dawn, midnight... )在4: 30(中午、黎明、午夜)

2. on的用法

时间介词on表示日期及某天的上午、下午、晚上等。如:

on Sunday (Oct. 1... )在星期日(10月1日……)

on Sunday afternoon星期日下午,另也可说:in the afternoon on Sunday

特别提示

关于“在周末”的几种表示法:

at (on) the weekend (在周末——特指)

at (on) weekends (在周末——泛指)

over the weekend (在整个周末)

during the weekend (在周末期间)。

在圣诞节,应说"at Christmas", 而不说"on Christmas"。

3. in的用法

(1)时间介词in表示“时段,时期”,在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。如:

in (during) 1987在1987年

in (during) the 21st century在21世纪

但是如果表示“在某项活动的期间”,则只能用during。如:

during my military service (the trip... )在我服役期间(在旅行期间……)

(2)时间介词in表示以说话时间为基点的“若干时间以后”,常用于谓语是将来时的时间状语。如要表示“若干时间内”,则常用within。试比较:

The meeting will end in 30 minutes. 会议30分钟以后结束。

Can you finish it within 30 minutes? 你能在30分钟之内完成这件事吗?

但是在过去时态中,in和within的意思一样,并都可用于表示“在若干时间以内”,这时不要误用during。如:

The job was done during a week. (x)

The job was done in a week. (√)

4. after的用法

时间介词after表示“在(某具体时间)以后”,注意不要和in混淆。如:

after supper (5 o'clock, the war, 1970... )。

试比较:

He will be back in two hours. 他将在两个小时以后回来。

He will be back after two o'clock. 他将在两点以后回来。

He returned to his hometown after the war. 战后,他回到了故乡。

5. for的用法

时间介词for表示“(动作延续)若干时间”,有时可省略。常用"how long"提问。如:

I stayed in London (for) two days on my way to New York. 在去纽约的途中,我在伦敦呆了两天。How long did you stay in London? 你在伦敦呆了多长时间?

6. since的用法

时间介词since表示“自(某具体时间)以来”。常作完成时态谓语的时间状态。如:

since 1960 (then... )自从I960年(那时……)以来

7. by的用法

时间介词by表示“到……时候”,注意其谓语时态的用法:动作动词常用完成时态;状态动词(如be)常用一般时态。比较:

By noon, everybody had (will have) arrived there.

By noon, everybody were (will be) there. 到中午的时候,大家都(将)到那儿了。

8. till和until的用法这对介词的用法有两个:

(1)在肯定句中意思为“直到……时候”。如:

He waited till (until) 5 o'clock. 他一直等到5点。

They stayed until (till) after the meeting. 他们一直呆到会议结束。

(2)在否定句中意思为“直到……才”。如:

Until now I knew nothing about it. 直到现在我才知道这件事。

Jack didn,t come home until (till) about 11 o'clock. 杰克直到11点钟左右才回到家。

(二)表示地点的介词

英语中表示地点的介词很多,主要有以下这些:at, in,round, around, beyond, beneath,over, under, above, below, down, before, behind, between, among, on, up, amid(st)等。

1. at与in的用法

at表示“在……地点”,通常指某一点的位置。in表示“在……内”,通常指一个(有长、宽、高的)立体的地方。如:

The car pulled up at the gate. 车停在大门口。

She lives at Number 73 Chang'an Avenue. 她住在长安街73号。

What is in the box? 盒子里面有什么?

They have arrived in Nanjing. 他们到达南京了。

特别提示

注意at和in表示地点时的区别:一般的说法是表示小地方用at(含义是地理位置上的一点),表示大地方用in(含义是有髙楼大厦和街道等的地方)。

2. on, over,above, under, below的用法

(1)on表示“在……(平面)上”。如:

There is colour TV set on the desk. 桌子上有一台彩电。

(2)above和over都表示“在……上方”,都没有接触面,其中over表示在正上方,above不一定在正上方。如:

The plane is flying above the clouds. 这架飞机正在云层的上方飞行。

There is a lamp over the table. 桌子的上方有一盏灯。

(3) under和below都表示“在……下方”,其中under表示在正下方;below不一定在正下方。另外under 还可以是on的反义词。如:

The peasants are having a rest under the tree. 农民们正在树下休息。

The sun sank below the horizon. 太阳沉到地平线以下。

3. before与after的用法

before表示“在……的前面”;after表示“在……后面”。如:

Don't put the cart before the horse. 不要把大车放在马的前面。(谚语:不要本末倒置。)

The object should be placed after the verb. 宾语应该放在动词的后面。

特别提示

before和after在表示位置时,常常指顺序先后并且具有动态的含义。如:

He entered the house before (after) his father. 他在他父亲的前面(后面)进了屋子。

before用于表示位置时,也常用于人或抽象的事物的名词前。如:

An open field lay before them. (用于“人”)他们面前是一片广阔的田野。

We will never bow before difficulties. (用于“抽象事物”)在困难面前,我们绝不低头。

若表示具体的事物的地点(即静态的位置)一般要用in front of(偶尔也用before)和behind。如:The car was parked in front of the building. 那辆车停在了大楼的前面。

They planted many trees before their house. 他们在屋子前种了许多树。

There is a garden behind the house. 那座房子后面有一座花园。

4. between与among的用法

between表示“在……(两者)之间”。among表示“在……(两者以上)之间”。如:

Is there any difference between the two words? 这两个词之间有什么区别吗?

They visited the temple among the hills. 他们参观了那个群山环抱的庙宇。

特别提示

有时between和among —样,也可指三个以上的人或物。这时,用between表示讲话者分别看待某件东西周围的物体并强调“相互”关系;用among则表示讲话者不分别看待周围的物体。如:

It was a treaty between three nations. 这是一个三国之间的条约。

There was a race between the five ships. 这五艘船之间进行了一场比赛。

You are only one among many who need help. 你不过是许多需要帮助的人之一。

(三)表示空间运动的介词

英语中表示空间运动的介词主要有along, across, through'over, up'down, from, to, into'out of等。

1. along, across, through, past与over的用法along沿着(从一头到另一头);across横过,横穿(从这一边到那一边);through通过,穿过,穿越(从一头进,到另一头出hpast通过(从……旁边过hover越过(跨越……的上方)。

They are taking a walk along the street. 他们在沿着那条街道散步。

Dare you swim across the river? 你敢游过河去吗?

One day two young men were going through the forest. 一天,两个年轻人穿过森林。

The river rushes past. 河水奔腾而过。

The plane flew over the city. 那架飞机飞过了城市。

2. up向上方;down向下方。如:

He ran up the stairs. 他跑上了楼梯。

The ship is sailing down the river. 那条船正向下游开去。

3. from从,自;to向,到。如:

He received a letter from abroad. 他收到一封来自国外的信。

She stood up and walked to the window. 她站起来,走到窗前。

特别提示

from... to... 常在一起使用“时间,空间”的起点和终点。如:

Will you tell us the story from beginning to end? 你将这个故事从头至尾给我们讲一遍好吗?

4. into进入;out of出自。如:

He jumped into the river. 他跳进了河里。

We walked out of the shop. 我们走出了商店。

(四)表示方向、方位的介词

英语中表示方向、方位的介词主要有to, in, for, at等。

1. to在……面(不属于该地区);in在……部(属于该地区)。如:

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。

Japan lies to the east of China. 曰本位于中国的东面。

特别提示

上面第二句也可用表示方向的副词来表示。该句可改为:

Japan lies east of China. 若表示与某地接壤的方位,常用on... 。如:

Vietnam lies on the south of China. 越南位于中国的南面。

2. to表示“去向”(常与表示运动或移动的名词、动词连用);for表示“目的地”(常与leave, start, depart, set out, sail, be bound, make等表示离开、出发的动词连用)。如:

He will go to Xi'an tomorrow. 明天他将去西安。

He will leave for Xi'an tomorrow. 明天他将出发去西安。

但是在direction前,常用in。如:

She went in the opposite direction. 她往相反的方向走去。

The enemy fled in all directions. 敌人朝四面八方逃去。

3. to表示“朝……(方向)”;at表示“对准……(目标)”。如:

The waiter threw a towel to the guest. 服务员朝客人扔去了一条毛巾。

The child threw a stone at the dog. 那个小孩对准狗掷了一块石头。

(五)表示工具方式、方法和手段的介词

英语中表示工具方式、方法和手段的介词主要有with, by, in, through, on等。

1. with表示工具、方式(抽象),也可表示材料。如:

Wood is often cut with a saw. (工具)人们常用锯子切割木头。

We should face the situation with great courage. (抽象方式)我们应以足够的勇气来面对当前形势。

2. by表示途径或手段。如:

Babies learn to speak by imitation. (途径)小孩通过模仿学说话。

We can get energy by burning fuel. (手段)我们可以通过燃烧燃料来获得能量。

特别提示

with和by的区别

I killed the spider by a newspaper. (x)

I killed the spider by hitting it. (√)我打死了一个蜘蛛。

但可以说:I killed the spider with a newspaper.

在下列表达方式中,by指的是途径,因此,不用冠词。

by bus: My son goes to school by bus. 我儿子乘公共汽车去上学。

by hand: Those Indian blankets are all made by hand. 那些印第安毛毯全是手工生产的。

by telephone: The secretary told us the news by telephone. 秘书通过电话把消息通知了我们。

在下面例句中by不用冠词,而in或on则要冠词。

He arrived there by taxi. 他是乘出租车到的。

He arrived there in an old taxi. 他是乘一辆旧出租车到的。

We will go there by ship. 我们将乘船到那儿去。

We will go there on a steam ship. 我们将乘蒸汽机船到那儿去。

3. in表示方式。如:

Can you do the experiment in another way? 你能用另一种方法做这个实验吗?

Irene writes in a conventional style. 艾琳用一种传统的风格写作。

Cloth is often measured in metres. 人们常用公尺量布。

4. through也表示途径、手段。与by的意义较接近。如:

Knowledge may be acquired through (= by) travelling, conversation and reading. 人们可以通过旅游、谈话和阅读来获得知识。

He became rich through hard work. 他通过辛勤劳动而致富。

5. on有时也表示工具,通常是在习惯用语中。如:

He cut his finger on a knife. 他手指被刀划破了。

They heard the news on the radio. 他们从收音机里听到这消息。

Many doctors were brought on Osier's medical textbooks.

很多医生都是用奥斯勒的医学教科书培养出来的。

(六)表示原因的介词

英语中表示原因的介词主要有以下这些:at, for, from, with, of, because of, due to, on account of, owing to等。

1. for常与ache, famous, known, noted, praise, punish, suffer等表示闻名、奖罚和经受痛苦等意义的形容词或动词连用,表示原因。如:

My head aches for want of sleep. 由于缺少睡眠,我的头有点疼。

The West Lake is noted for its scenery. 西湖由于景致美丽而闻名。

He was punished for stealing. 他因偷窃受到惩罚。

2. at常与happy, surprised, angry, delighted, marvelous等表示情感的形容词或动词连用,表示原因。如:

The shipwrecked sailors were very excited at the arrival of the rescue ship. 那些遇险的水手看到救生船到来非常激动。

We rejoiced at their great achievements. 我们为他取得的伟大成就感到高兴。

特别提示

以上用法与“介词to + 表示感情色彩的名词”用法有区别。该结构用做句子的插人语,表示结果,句子的主谓部分表示原因。如:

To our surprise (disappointment), he failed again. 使我们的惊奇(失望)的是他竟然又失败了。To our joy (delight), our team has won the game. 使我们高兴的是我们队赢得了比赛。

3. from常与die, suffer, collapse等动词连用,表示原因;有时也与necessity, a sense of duty 等词连用表示出于某种动机。如:

They are suffering from starvation and disease. 他们正因饥荒和疾病而遭受苦难。

That old man collapsed from fatigue那位老人因劳累而晕倒。

He did that not only from necessity, but also from a sense of duty. 他做那件事不仅因为必要,而且出于责任感。

特别提示

die from和die of的区别:

两者都表示死于某种原因,一般地说前者强调间接原因,后者强调直接原因。如:

The soldier died from a bad wound. 那个战士由于身受重伤而死亡。

The man died of lung cancer. 那人死于肺癌。

4. with常表示“由于……原因”,而引起生理上的反应。如:

She was red with shame. 她羞愧得脸红了。

The captured enemy officer was trembling with fear. 那个被俘的敌军军官害怕得发抖。

The children jumped with joy when they heard the news. 听到那个消息时,孩子们高兴得跳了起来。

5. of常与表示情感的形容词连用,表示原因。如:

He was sick of being told what to do. 他对被人指使感到厌烦。

Children are afraid of going out at night. 小孩害怕晚上外出。

You should be ashamed of your conduct. 你应为你的行为感到羞愧。

6. because of, owing to, on account of —般表示任何直接原因或理由,其中以because of较为口语化。如:

Because of (owing to, on account of) his carelessness he didn't do well in the examination. 由于粗心,他在那次考试中考得不好。

7. due to也可表示原因,但是一般不用于句首,通常用作表语或后置定语。如:

The flight was cancelled due to the fog. 那趟班机因大雾被取消了。

This accident was due to careless driving. 这次事故起因于粗心驾驶。

(七)表示“除……以外”的介词英语中表示“除……以外”的介词主要有besides, but, except, except for等。

1. besides表示“除……以外,(还,也)”,相当于in addition to。如:

Besides English, they also study maths, physics and chemistry.

除了英语以外,他们还学习数学、物理和化学。

特别提示

不要将besides和beside混淆。beside是“在……旁边”的意思。

2. except表示“除……外,(其余都……)”,常与"all, every, no, none, nothing"等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。except是英语中少数用法最为活跃的介词之一,其后除了可跟名(代)词外,还可跟另一个由介词短语、动词不定式短语和that引导的从句。如:

He answered all the questions except the last one. 除了最后一个问题外,他所有的问题都回答了。We all went except him. 除了他(没去)以外,我们都去了。

特别提示

except for也表示“除……以外”,但是和except不同的是:与except连用的整体词和except所跟的词常常是同类的,是指整体除去一部分;而与ex-cept for连用的整体词与except for所跟的词往往不是同类的,是指整体中除去一个细节。如:

Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了几处拼写错误以外,你的作文写得很好。

Except for an old lady, the bus was empty. 除了有一个老太太以外,这辆公共汽车是空的。

3. but表示“除……外,(其余都或都不……)”,和except的用法基本相同并常互换。两者都可接动词不定式作宾语,当谓语动词是"do"时,常省去不定式符号to; 否则要保留to。如:

There is no one here but (except) me. 这儿除了我外,什么人也没有。

He said he would spend his holiday anywhere but in London. 他说除了伦敦以外他愿意去任何地方度假。

Last night, I did nothing but watch TV. (省去to)昨天晚上除了看电视以外,别的我什么都没有干。The enemy had no choice but to surrender. (保留to)敌人没有别的选择,只好投降。

四、介词的省略

1. 表示时间的短语中如果有next, last, one, this, every, each, some, any, all等单词时,不用介词。

I will see you next week. 我下星期来看你。

You can come any day you like. 你哪一天来都行。

We worked hard all last year. 去年我们整年都在努力工作。

2. 在不定冠词a或an(a或an的意思是:“每一……”)的短语中,不用介词。

three times a day每天三次

an apple a day每天一个苹果

3. 含有height(高度), length (长度), size (尺码), shape (形状),age (年龄),colour (颜色),weight (重最)等词的短语在句中作表语时,短语前不用介词。

What colour is her dress? 她的裙子是什么颜色的?

She is the same age as me. 她和我同龄。

4. 在reach, cross等及物动词后,不用介词。

When did you reach London? 你什么时候到达伦敦的?

5. 在home, here, there, upstairs, downstairs等副词之前,不用介词。

I went home last week. 我上一周回家了。

五、容易遗缺介词的场合

1. 含介词的短语动词

Kate arrived at the village last night. 凯特昨晚到达了那个小山村。

2. 含介词的短语动词作被动句的谓语时The old man is taken good care of. 那位老人被照顾得很好。

3. 含介词的不定式短语作后置定语与所修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系时

The Turners have no house to live in. 特纳一家没有房子住。

4. 句尾含介词的短语动词与句首主语、疑问词有逻辑上的动宾关系时

The girl needs operating on. 这个女孩需要手术。

Who are you waiting for? 你正在等谁?

5. 句尾含介词的短语动词与宾语从句的引导词有逻辑上的动宾关系时

I don't know what they are talking about. 我不知道他们正在谈论什么。

6. 疑问代词、副词接不定式、从句作介词的宾语时

We're worrying about when to leave. 我们正在担心什么时候离开。

They're talking about when they will buy a new car. 他们正在谈论什么时候买一辆新车。

定义

例如:He feel ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(feel是系动词,后跟表语,说明主语情况。)。

关于连系动词后接不定式

■连系动词be (am,is,are)后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语:

1).My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家。

2).All you have to do is to listen. 你只需要听。

■seem, appear, prove, turn out, grow 等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)短语作表语:

1).The man seemed to be ill. 这个人好像病了。

2).The plan proved to be useful. 这个计划证明是有用的。

3).He appears to know this. 他好像知道这一点。

4).The weather turned out to be fine. 天气结果很好。

5).He has grown to like studying English. 他渐渐喜欢学英语了。

若所接不定式为to be,通常可以省略be。

■sound, smell, feel, taste, become 等连系动词后通常不能接不定式:(也可以理解为用主动表被动)

These oranges taste good. (应去掉to be)

The roses smell nice. (应去掉to be)

连系动词look后有时也可接to be,但以省略to be为多。

详细分别

1)状态系动词

用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:

He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)

2)持续系动词

He always keeps silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

3)表像系动词

He looks tired. 他看起来很累。

He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。

4)感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.

这朵花闻起来很香。

5)变化系动词

例如:

She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富有了。

6)终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:The rumor proved false. 这个谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult. 搜查证据很难。

His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)主要分类

状态

可用来表示主语性质或状态,只有be一词,例如:

He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(表示主语的身份--性质)

He is ill. 他病了。(表示主语的状态)

持续

He always keep silent at meeting. 他开会时总是保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍然是一个谜。

表像

He looks so tired. 他看起来很累。

He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。

感官

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look 例如:

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.

这朵花闻起来很香。

变动

,be.

例如:

He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。

终止

表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:

The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。

His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)

英语系动词的功能主要是把表语(名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句)和它的主语联系在一起,说明主语的属性、特征或状态。它有自己的但不完全的词义,不能在句中独立作谓语,必须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。它虽是虚词,但是其用法是复杂的,而且不可忽视。许多英语初学者会因此出现这样那样的错误,然而许多语法书却没作专门系统的介绍。因此,我们有必要小结一下英语系动词用法,以便大家参考。我想从以下四个方面归纳一下英语系动词的用法:I、常见系动词错误及其成因;II、系动词分类;III、系动词用法应注意的8个问题;IV、系动词与高考及其练习。

系动词本身有一定的词义,不能单独作谓语,后面与表语连用。复习系动词时,必须注意以下几个问题:

1.系动词be是最重要的,主语不同,be的形式也不同,且有时态的变化。

通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等,后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语从句作表语。

特别要注意“由be+过去分词”所构成的系表结构与“由be+过去分词”所构成的被动语态的区别。

前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态,通常没有由by引导的介词短语。

如:The door was closed.

后者侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者,表示动作;句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。如:The door was closed by me.

还要注意“由be+ V-ing所构成的系表结构与“由be+ V-ing”所构成的进行时态的区

别。

前者侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态,也可说明主语是什么。如:My job is teaching English.

后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。如:Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.

2. 要注意由行为动词转化成的系动词。

表示人体感官的系动词有sound,taste,look,feel,smell等,后面接形容词;

表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词有become,get,go,turn,run,grow,come,fall,prove等,后面接形容词、名词或to be+形容词,become后面接单数名词时,名词前要用不定冠词,turn后面接单数名词时,名词前不用不定冠词;

表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词有continue,keep,remain,stay,stand lie,rest,stay等,后面接表示状态的形容词;

表示判断的系动词有seem和appear,后面接形容词、to be+名词或形容词、that-clause、不定式等。

3. 要注意系动词的固定搭配。常见的有c ome true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。

练习题

1. —What is Mr Wang like?

—____.

A. He is a teacher

B. He is old and kind

C. He looks like a balloon

D. He likes English

2. What Mr White said sounds____.

A. friendly

B. wonderfully

C. pleasantly

D. nicely

3. The poor boy ____ blind at the age of three.

A. turned

B. goes

C. became

D. went

4. When he was a child he____ .

A. grew patience

B. was alive

C. ran wild

D. came true

5. His voice____ as if he has a cold.

A. sounds

B. listens

C. hears

D. seems

6. This shirt___ as if it is made of cotton.

A. is

B. looks

C. feels

D. seems

7. He looks ___ he hadn’t had a good meal for a month

A. that

B. as if

C. when

D. so far

8. It ____that he was late for the train.

A. looks

B. turns

C. gets

D. seems

9. These apples taste_____.

A. to he good

B. to be well

C. well

D. good

10. —Do you like the shirt?

—Yes, it ____ very soft.

A. feels

B. felt

C. is feeling

D. is felt

11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he____ asleep

A. kept

B. got

C. fell

D. fall

12. When I went home yesterday, it was ____ dark.

A. going

B. getting

C. running

D. coming

13. Their plan ____ to be a perfect one.

A. proved

B. was proved

C. is proving

D. proving

14. The flowers in the garden ____ sweet.

A. sound

B. taste

C. become

D. smell

15. She____ like her mother in character.

A. looks

B. seems

C. is

D. feels

16. It____ another fine day tomorrow.

A. seems

B. promises

C. appears

D. looks

17. He ____ much younger than he really is.

A. appears

B. grows

C. becomes

D. turns

18. You____ very pale. Do you feel sick?

A. looked

B. look

C. looking

D. are looked

19. His wish to become a driver has ____true.

A. turned

B. realized

C. come

D. grown

20. Her father ____a writer.

A. turned

B. grew

C. has turned

D. has become

答案与分析

1. B What’s...like?是询问人或事物的性质特征情况的交际用语,答语中常含有说明性质特征情况的形容词。

2. A sound表示“听起来”,后面接形容词作表语,答案B、C、D均为副词。

3. D若人或事物的情况变化是永久性的或难以扭转的坏变化时,用系动词go表示。

4. C run wild是固定搭配,表示“放荡不羁”。

5. A sound表示“听起来”,后面接as if 引导的表语从句,表示对主语所表示的特征、状态或性质作出的反应及判断。

6. C feel作系动词用时,表示“(东西)摸上去令人有某种感觉”。

7. B as if引导表语从句时,从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,从句谓语用过去完成式。

8. D “ It seems that…”表示“看起来……”。是固定句型,强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近于实际情况的判断。

9. D taste表示“尝起来”时,是系动词,后面接形容词作表语。

10. A feel表示“(某物)摸上去(令人)有某种感觉”时,是系动词,用于一般现在时。

11. C fall asleep表示“入睡”,是固定搭配,根据题意,应用过去时。

12. B get表示“逐渐……起来”、“开始……起来”时,是系动词,多用于进行时。

13. A prove表示“证明是”时,是系动词。

14. D smell表示“有……的气味”、“散发气味”时,是系动词,后面接形容词。

15. C belike表示“看起来像”时,既可指外貌,又可指品质和特征,侧重于特征。

16. B promise表示“有……的可能”、“给人以……的指望”时,是系动词,后面接名词作表语。

17. A appear表示“看起来”时,是系动词。侧重于在外表给人某种印象,常为“假象”。

18. B look表示“显得”、“看起来”时,是系动词,后面接形容词作表语,用进行时态,常带有感情色彩。

19. C come true是固定搭配,表示“实现”,其中come是系动词,表示“成为”、

“变得”。

20. D become表示“变成”,作系动词用,在后面作表语的名词前要加a或an。turn 后跟可数名词单数要去掉a(n)。

一般现在时一般过去式

肯定主语+am is are+

宾语主语+was were+宾语

主语+动词(3 加S)+宾语主语+动词的过去式+宾语

否定主语+am is are

not+宾语主语+was were not+宾语

主语+don’t/doesn’t(3) +宾语主语+didn’t+宾语

疑问Am is are +主语

+宾语?Was were +主语+宾语?

Do Does+主语+宾语?Did+主语+宾语?

英文中介词和动词短语的辨析

英文中介词和动词短语的辨析 Many students when learning English seem to get confused about exactly how to use prepositions correctly. The problem is that new English students either try to compare them, or to use them in the same way that they are used in their own language. This is something that does not always work. Although they CAN often be used in the same way, sometimes there are exceptions to the rule that just have to be excepted. For example: 1. I go home after work. And not (I go to home after work). 2. I am playing football at the weekend. And not (I am playing football in the weekend). They are all the little words that we use to join up phrases and sentences, so that they either sound right when we speak, or they look right when we write. There are over 150 of these joining words used in the English language. At, in, on, of, to, off, for, by, with, into, onto, after, about, after, before, behind, down, than, through, etc., are all such words. When trying to use these words correctly, it is best to learn them in a drip feed fashion. For example: One day could be spent learning how to use them with time, e.g. on Sunday, at night, at the weekend, at seven o' clock, etc. Another day could be spent learning how to use them with places, e.g. The pencil is on/in/next to/by/under the table, etc. Something else that also leads to confusion are phrasal verbs. With these verbs the list just seems to go on and on. But first let us take a quick look at the difference between a preposition, and an adverb. 1. The cat climbed up the curtain. (up is the preposition since it has an object, the curtain). 2. The cat ran off in the morning. (off is an adverb since it has no object, and talks about the verb ran).

(完整)高考英语复习讲解——介词及介词短语

高考英语一轮复习讲解:介词及介词短语 【知识要点】 介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。 1.介词可按其构成分为: (1)简单介词,即一个介词,如about,at,in,of,since等。 (2)复合介词,由两个介词组成,如as for,as to,out of等。 (3)二重介词,由两个介词搭配而成,但没有复合介词那样固定,如from under,from behind,until after,except in等。 (4)短语介词,由短语构成,如according to,because of,in spite of,on behalf of,with reference to 等。 (5)分词介词,由现在分词构成,如regarding,concerning,including等。 2.介词还可按其词义分为下列常见的几种: (1)表地点(包括动向),如about, above,across,after,along,among,around,at,before,behind,below,beneath,beside,between,beyond,by,down,from,in,into,near,off,on,over,through,throughout,to,towards,under,up,upon,with,within,without等。 [注]有不少表地点的介词可表动向,除很明显的across,around,over,towards,near外,还有among,behind,beneath,between,on,to,under等。 (2)表时间,如about,after,around,as,at,before,behind,between,by,during,for,from,in,into,of,on,over,past,since,through,throughout,till(until),to,towards,within等。 (3)表除去,如besides,but,except等。 (4)表比较,如as,like,above,over等。 (5)表反对,如against,with等。 (6)表原因、目的,如for,with,from等。 (7)表结果,如to,with,without等。 (8)表手段、方式,如by,in,with等。 (9)表所属,如of,with等。 (10)表条件,如on,without,considering等。 (11)表让步,如despite,in spite of等。 (12)表关于,如about,concerning,regarding,with regard to,as for,as to等。

动词加介词词组,.

3. I .动词 +about care about 关心,对 ... 有兴趣 bring about 引起,使发生 set about 着手,开始 come about 发生 hear about 听说 worry about 为 .. 担心 动词+away throw away 扔掉 blow away 吹走 carry away 拿走,使入迷 clear away 清除掉,消散 die away 逐渐消失,减弱 pass away 去世 wash away 冲走 take away 拿走,使消失 put away 收拾起来,存起来 give away 背弃,泄漏,赠送 wear away 磨掉,消耗 break away 摆脱 send away 让走开 turn away 把 ... 打发走 动词+back keep back 隐瞒,忍住 look back(o n)回顾 2. speak/ talk about 谈论 think about 思考

give back 归还 take back 拿回,收回 ask for 要求得到 sta nd for 代表,表示 hope/wish for 希望得到 beg for 乞求 look for 寻找 hunt for 寻找 take…for 误以为 ........ 是 come for 来拿,来取 5.动词+dow n burn dow n 烧毁break dow n 坏了,垮了,分解 take dow n 记下,记录turn dow n 调小,拒绝 hold back 控制住 call back 回电话 4.动词+for run for 竞选 wait for 等候 long for 渴望 care for 关心,喜欢 search for 查找 call for 需要,要求 change …for 用...... 换charge…for 收费,要价apply for 申请 seek for 寻找

动词+介词和动词+副词

如何区别介词和副词(动词后面的小品词) 1. 在“动词+副词”短语中,若宾语是名词时,则该名词既可放在动词与副词之间,也可放在副词之后;若宾语是代词时,则该代词只可放在动词与副词之间,不可放在副词之后。如: It's time for breakfast. Wake the boy up(the boy放在动词与副词之间。) It's time for breakfast. Wake up the boy.(the boy也可放在副词之后。) It's time for breakfast. Wake him up.(him只可放在动词与副词之间。) 2. 在“动词+介词”短语中,其宾语无论是名词还是代词,都须放在介词后面加上介词后,才能构成一个相当于及物动词的短语。如: Listen to me.(不可说Listen me to或Listen me.) Look at the blackboard.(不可说Look the blackboard at.或Look the blackboard.) 以上两点是二者的区别,那么如何判断动词后面的小品词是副词还是介词呢? 3. 介词后面必须跟名词或代词作宾语。如: 1)Look after the baby. 2) Send for a doctor. 副词后面可以带宾语,此时副词之前的动词一定是及物动词。如:Put on the coat.或Put the coat on.(put是及物动词。) 副词后面也可以不带宾语,此时副词前的动词一定是不及物动词。如:In spring the flowers start to come out.(come是不及物动词。) 3. “动词+副词”短语中的副词对动词起修饰、补充作用,而“动词+介词”短语中的介词则不起这个作用。 4.“动词+副词”短语中的副词与动词的宾语存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。而“动词+介词”短语中则不存在这种关系。如: 1)The lift takes him down.宾语him与副词down存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 2)Go down the road, you'll find the hospital.

高考英语 介词和动词短语(试题部分)

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英语中常见名词和介词搭配短语

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动词介词和动词副词 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】

如何区别介词和副词(动词后面的小品词) 1.在“动词+副词”短语中,若宾语是名词时,则该名词既可放在动词与副词之间,也可放在副词之后;若宾语是代词时,则该代词只可放在动词与副词之间,不可放在副词之后。如: It's?time?for?breakfast. Wake?the?boy?up(the?boy放在动词与副词之间。) It'stime?for?breakfast. Wakeuptheboy.(the?boy也可放在副词之后。) It'stime?for?breakfast. Wakehimup.(him只可放在动词与副词之间。) 2.在“动词+介词”短语中,其宾语无论是名词还是代词,都须放在介词后面加上介词后,才能构成一个相当于及物动词的短语。如: Listentome.(不可说Listen?me?to或Listen?me.) Lookattheblackboard.(不可说Look?the?blackboard?at.或Looktheblackboard.) 以上两点是二者的区别,那么如何判断动词后面的小品词是副词还是介词呢? 3.介词后面必须跟名词或代词作宾语。如: 1)Lookafterthebaby. 2) Sendforadoctor. 副词后面可以带宾语,此时副词之前的动词一定是及物动词。如:Putonthecoat.或Putthecoaton.(put 是及物动词。) 副词后面也可以不带宾语,此时副词前的动词一定是不及物动词。 如:Inspringtheflowersstarttocomeout.(come是不及物动词。)

动词加介词词组

l.动词+about speak/talk about 谈论 think about 思考 care about 关心,对……有兴趣 bring about 引起,使发生 set about 着手,开始 come about 发生 hear about 听说 worry about 为……担心2.动词+away throw away 扔掉 blow away 吹走 carry away 拿走,使入迷 clear away 清除掉,消散 die away 逐渐消失,减弱 pass away 去世 wash away 冲走 take away 拿走,使消失 put away 收拾起来,存起来 give away 背弃,泄漏,赠送 wear away 磨掉,消耗 break away 摆脱 send away 让走开 turn away 把……打发走 3.动词+back keep back 隐瞒,忍住 look back(on) 回顾 hold back 控制住 give back 归还 call back 回 take back 拿回,收回 4.动词+for run for 竞选 ask for 要求得到 wait for 等候 stand for 代表,表示 long for 渴望 hope/wish for 希望得到 care for 关心,喜欢 beg for 乞求 search for 查找 look for 寻找 call for 需要,要求 hunt for 寻找 change…for 用……换charge…for 收费,要价 apply for 申请take…for 误以为……是 seek for 寻找 come for 来拿,来取 5.动词+down burn down 烧毁 break down 坏了,垮了,分解 take down 记下,记录 turn down 调小,拒绝 cut down 削减,砍倒 slow down 慢下来 pass down 传下来 put down 记下,写下,镇压 calm down 平静下来 bring down 使……降低,使倒下 settle down 安家 come down 下落,传下 tear down 拆毁,拆除 6.动词+at come at 向……袭击 shout at 冲(某人)嚷嚷 run at 冲向,向……攻击 work at 干……活动(研究) tear at 用力撕 look at 看,注视 stare at 凝视 glare at 怒视 glance at 匆匆一瞥 laugh at 嘲笑 knock at 敲(门、窗等) point at 指向 smile at 冲(某人)笑 strike at 向……打击 aim at 向……瞄准 shoot at 向……射击

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