主谓一致的基本原则
主谓一致有以下三条原则：
1)语法一致原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。例如，主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。
例如：The students are very young．This picture looks beautiful．
2)意义一致原则，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如，主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也采取复数形式；而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数，谓语动词也采取单数形式。
1.The people in that country are fighting for independence．
2.The crowd deeply respect their leader．
3.Three years in a strange land seems a long time．3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如：
Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy．
Either ..or …
2．主谓一致的用法
根据以上三条原则，主谓一致有如下用法：
1)下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式
a．表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：
1.Two hundred miles is a long distance．
2.Ten dollars is a high price for that book．b．由anyone，anything，anybody，no one，nothing，everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，each，either，neither等不定代词作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式。例如：
1.Someone is knocking at the door．
2.Anything is better than going to the movie tonight．
c．由“a series of，a kind of，a portion of +名词”作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。例如：
A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week．
d．由“many a，more than one +单数名词”作主语，尽管意义上表示复数，但谓语动词仍采用单数形式。例如：
Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break．
There is more than one answer to your question．
e．“名词+and+名词”作主语，表示同一人、同一概念或事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
A writer and educator is giving a lecture now．(这个人既是作家又是教育家)
A writer and a educator
f．"either (neither) + of +复数名词(或代词)"作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
1.If either of you takes a vacation now，we will not be able to finish the work．
2.Neither of them wants to come．
g．在each…and each…，every…and every…等结构之后，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
Each man and each woman has the right to vote．h．动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：
What I want to say is none of your business．Listening to the classical music is enjoyable．i．以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时，如
politics(政治学)，mathematics(数学)，
statistics(统计学)，acoustics(声学)，
linguistics(语言学)等，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Mathematics is what he majors in．
2)下列结构作主语，谓语动词单复数形式取决于of
后的名词。(意义一致)
a．由“a11，none，no，most，half，the last，the rest，the remainder+of+名词”等不定代词作主语，谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如：
None of the food is wasted．
None of the students were absent．
The rest of the lecture was dull．
The rest of the bikes were on sale yesterday．b．由"lots of，heaps of，loads Of，scads of +名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如：
Lots of work is to be done this week.
Lots of people are going to swim this afternoon．There is loads of milk on the farm．
There are loads of big red apples on the ground．There is heaps of fun．
c．由“分数或百分数十of +名词或代词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式。例如：
Three-quarters of the area is cultivated.
Ninety percent of the students have passed the exam．
3)下列结构作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式根据意义而定。
a．由“the+形容词” 这种结构作主语，根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果表示一类人 (如the rich，the poor，the blind，the deaf，the sick，the young，the old)，谓语动词用复数形式；如果表示个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The blind are taught trades in special schools． (表示一类人)
The good in him overweighs the bad． (表示抽象概念)
The departed was a good friend of his． (表示个人)
b．family，crowd，committee，class，audience，group，government，team，public，majority，minority 等集合名词作主语，谓语动词单复数形式应根据意义而定。例如：
The family like to listen to the music．(the family 指这家人，用作复数)
The family is small．(the family指这个家庭，用作单数)
The committee has considered your proposal．(the committee指委员会，用作单数)
The committee were arguing for an hour before they gave their votes． (the committee指委员会的委员们，用作复数)
下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般单复数均可。
a.以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时，谓语动词一般单复数均可。例如：
Five and six make／makes eleven．
Seven times ten are seventy．
但是：Twenty from thirty leaves ten．
Six sevens are forty-two.
b．由"one in／out of +名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。例如：
One in ten were／was present．
下列结构作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
由and或both…and连接两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时，一般谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
A girl and a boy want to go．
Both rice and wheat are grown in that country．
6)下列结构作主语，谓语动词单复数形式视具体情况而定。
a．由as well as，together with，besides, like，along with，with but，except，accompanied by，rather than，including连接两个名词作主语，谓语单复数形式应由连接词前的名词而定。例如：
The president of the college，together with the deans，is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations．
The young mother with her two children is coming now．
The plant manager，like many technicians，is experienced in designing new products．
b．“名词+of+名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数形式跟of前的名词一致。例如：
The picture of the children孩子的照片 brings back many memories of my past experiences．
The effects of cigarette smoking have been proved to be extremely harmful．
c．由not only…but also，either…or，neither…nor 或or连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形
式决定。例如：
He or you have taken my pen．
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it．
One or two days are enough to visit the city. d．there be句型中的谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于其后的真正主语的单复数形式。例如：
There is a garden in front of the house．
There are two things I'd like to say here．
7)关于几对容易混淆词组的一致用法
a．由"this／that kind／type of +名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；而由"these／those kind／type of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
1.This kind of apples is highly priced．这种
2.Those kind(s) of tests are good．那些
b．由“a number of，a total of，an average of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；由“the number of，the total of，the average of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
A number of students are waiting for the bus．The number of the students in this university is
increasing yearly.
c．one of，the (only) one of的一致用法
This is one of the books that have been recommended．
This is the (only) one of the books that has been recommended．
3．前后呼应的用法
1)当everyone，everybody，no one，nobody，anyone，anybody，someone，somebody，everything，anything，something，nothing等用作主语时，其相应的代词一般用单数形式。例如：
If anybody calls，tell him that I'm out．Something strange happened，didn't it?
Every passenger has to carry his own luggage．2)人称代词与名词的呼应：人称代词I (me)，he (him)，she (her)，it (it)都是代替前面的单数名词，而they (them)，we (us)则是代替复数名词的，you 既可以代表单数，也可以代表复数。但表示泛指的时候，用he或one来表示。例如：
If a young person enters a classical music field only for money，he is in the wrong profession．The leaves of the red maple are highly poisonous
to horses and when ingested can kill them within fifteen hours。
3)物主代词与名词的呼应：my，our，his，her，its，their要与代替的名词在数上一致。例如：
The welfare department，as well as the other social services，will have its budget cut．Delphins are warm-blooded；that is，their body temperature always stays about the same，regardless of the surroundings．
4)反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应。
Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.
Everybody clings to this illusion about himself．
I have just been out to get myself a cup of tea．
5)指示代词与所代名词间的呼应：this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词，these和those指代复数名词 (those还可以用作先行词，引导定语从句，表示“那些人”)。例如：
She invited all those who had been her former colleagues．
The amount of the pressure caused by the weight
of a column of fluid is determined by the height of this column．
6)much和much of后接不可数名词，而many和many of后接可数名词的复数。例如：
There is not much coal left．
A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake．
7)表示量的词后面有的接可数名词，有的接不可数名词。接可数名词的有：a number of，a range of，a series of十复数名词；接不可数名词的有：a great deal of，an amount of十不可数名词；既可接可数又可接不可数名词的有：a lot of，a variety of。例如：
1.The government attached a great deal of importance to education．
2.Quite a number of women applied for this job．
3.The college library has a variety of books．
4.An apple is a variety of fruit．
5.A wide range of disorders can affect the human muscular system．
创作编号： GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者：凤呜大王* 主谓一致和就近就远原则 就近一致原则 也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、人数”上一致。 一、在正式文体中： 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：“there be+句型；or either...or;nor;neither...nor;whether...or;not...but;not only...but also”等。 Eg. (1)What he does or what he says does not concern me. 他的行为或言谈与我无关。 (2)Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。 (3)Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。
(4)Not only you but (also) he is wrong. 不仅你错了，他也错了。 2.在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。 Eg.(1)In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。 (2)There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 非正式文体中： 有时依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“no one”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。总结：英语就近原则短语 1.There be句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk. 2.Neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you are right. 3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday. =Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday. 4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday. =Not only Ann’s parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.
主谓一致和就近就远原则 就近一致原则 也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、人数”上一致。 一、在正式文体中： 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：“therebe+句型； oreither...or;nor;neither...nor;whether...or;not...but;notonly...but also”等。 Eg. (1)What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈与我无关。 (2)Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。 (3)Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。 (4)Not only you but (also) he is wrong. 不仅你错了，他也错了。 2.在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。 Eg.(1)In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and theshouts of the people. 在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。 (2)There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。非正式文体中： 有时依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“noone”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
总结：英语就近原则短语 1.Therebe句型 Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk. 2.Neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you are right. 3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.=Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday. 4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.=Notonly Ann’s parentsbut alsoshestays athome everySunday. 就远原则 谓语动词与前面主语一致 代表词汇：as well as;(together/along)with;Rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from例子：He rather than I is right. Nobody but two students is in the classroom. 主谓一致 一、当主语后面与with,aswellas,but,except,like,ratherthan,no less than,besides,including等+名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。 1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,___visitinga museum when the earthquake struck. A.was B.were C.had been D.would be
笨老师分享课堂:主谓一致(就近原则练习)01 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、单选题 1．There _______ a teacher and some students in the park. A．am B．is C．are D．be 2．Because of too much homework, neither you nor James _______ to the cinema to enjoy the fantastic movie named Ready Player One. A．goes B．doesn’t go C．don’t go D．go 3．There some soup and some hamburgers for you on the table. A．have B．has C．are D．is 4．Not only Ciqikou but Hongyadong ________ well-known to people around China now. A．is B．are C．was D．were 5．Here _______ some delicious apples. A．have B．has C．are D．is 6．There _____ some water in the bottle. A．are B．is C．isn’t D．aren’t 7．Not only his parents but also he ______ crazy about the foreign films. A．am B．is C．are D．be 8．There _____ a number of workers in this factory, and the number of them _____ increasing. A．is, is B．are, is C．is, are 9．---What's in your bag?---There ______a wallet, some books and a pen. A．is B．are C．has D．have 10．---______there______ orange in the fridge, Mum?---No. Only apple juice. A．Is；any B．Are；any C．Are；some D．Is；some 11．Not only his friends but also he _______ happy when they heard of the exciting news. A．is B．are C．was 12．Not only children but also my husband _____crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea (《红海行动》 A．is B．are C．am D．be 13．Not only my friends but also I interested in playing basketball in our free time.
Agreement between subject and verb 主谓一致主要有以下三个原则： 1、语法一致原则（5种情况） 2、意义一致原则（10种情况） 3、就近原则 语法一致原则 1．and连接不同的人或事时作主语时,谓语动词用复数；但如果连接的名词指的是同一人或物, 或同一概念时, 谓语要用单数。The singer and dancer____ going to give us a performance. The knife and fork ____on the table. 2. 不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。What he is doing seems very important. Collecting stamps is his hobby. 3. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you. I, who am a teacher, lack humor. 4. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：The teacher together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 5. many a, more than one与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。Many a boy has seen it. More than one student is required to redo the homework. 意义一致原则 1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples ____rotten. All of the apple ____rotten. 2. the rest of; half of; part of; the majority of等以及分数、百分比在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。 Half of the students _____finished their composition. Half of the water ____(pollute). 3. 集合名词作主语，强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, audience, team, government, group。 His family ____already________(move)to France. His family ____all music lovers. 4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单 数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。 people指“民族”时是例外。 The police__________ searching for a thief. The cattle____________eating grass on the hill. 5. 不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody…等Someone is asking for you. 6. 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses, pants, shorts等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。 Here _____ a new pair of shoes for you. 7．某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。 Physics is a very interesting subject. 8. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in you class is 50. 9. 单复数同形的名词, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every means is useful.。Not all means are useful. 10. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead等 就近原则 either ... or; neither ... nor; not only ... but also, whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。 应该注意的几个问题: 1. 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:Between the two windows ________（hang）a picture. 2.a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词单复数看后面的名词。 A large quantity of people __________needed here. quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如: Quantities of food (nuts)___________ on the table. 3. 表示数量的one and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.
一、主谓一致原则 语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 2. 由连接词and或both ... and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。 注意：（1）若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come. （2）由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 4. either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。 注意：（1）在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. （2）若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 5. 在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。 注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
主谓一致的几个原则 Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】
英语语法：主谓一致的几个原则主谓一致有许多原则，概括起来不外乎三种一致原则，即语法形式一致，概念一致（语言内容 上一致），毗邻一致（谓语动词的单复数形式和紧位于其前的主语一致）。 1. 语法形式一致 （1）单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。复数 主语，用and或both…and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语，谓语动词则 用复数形式。例如： 1) The performance was very funny. 2) Serving the people is my great happiness. 3) Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 4) Many natural materials are becoming scarce. 5) Both you and I are students. 6) What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. 注1：在what 引导的主语从句中，如果主语补语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 What we have to learn are the pieces of language that produce inversion. 注2：修饰语对主语的数不起影响。例如： The performance of the first three clowns was very funny. （2）由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等引起的结构跟在 主语后面，不能看作是并列主语，该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响，主语如是单数，其谓 语动词仍然用单数形式。例如： 1) My mother, as well as my father, has a key to the office. 2) The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV. 3) His sister no less than you is wrong. 4) The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students. 注：有时在with结构里，加上both之后，with就具有and含义。例如： Grandpa Wang with his son, both looking very happy, are taking a walk in the park. (3)有些代词只能指单数可数名词，当它们在句子中作主语时，尽管在意义上是多数，谓语动词 仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。例如： 1) Neither likes the friends of the other. (两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。) 2) Everything around us is matter. (我们周围的所有东西都是物质。) (4)在neither of与either of的结构里，一般语法书都认为谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复 数形式，但在美国的TOEFL考试内要求用单数形式。例如：
主谓一致的基本原则 主谓一致有以下三条原则： 1)语法一致原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。例如，主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。 例如：The students are very young．This picture looks beautiful． 2)意义一致原则，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如，主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也采取复数形式；而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数，谓语动词也采取单数形式。 1.The people in that country are fighting for independence． 2.The crowd deeply respect their leader． 3.Three years in a strange land seems a long time．3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如： Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy． Either ..or … 2．主谓一致的用法 根据以上三条原则，主谓一致有如下用法：
1)下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式 a．表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如： 1.Two hundred miles is a long distance． 2.Ten dollars is a high price for that book．b．由anyone，anything，anybody，no one，nothing，everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，each，either，neither等不定代词作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式。例如： 1.Someone is knocking at the door． 2.Anything is better than going to the movie tonight． c．由“a series of，a kind of，a portion of +名词”作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。例如： A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week． d．由“many a，more than one +单数名词”作主语，尽管意义上表示复数，但谓语动词仍采用单数形式。例如： Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break． There is more than one answer to your question．
英语语法：主谓一致的几个原则 主谓一致有许多原则，概括起来不外乎三种一致原则，即语法形式一致，概念一致(语言内容上一致)，毗邻一致(谓语动词的单复数形式和紧位于其前的主语一致)。 1. 语法形式一致 (1) 单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语，谓语动词要用单数形 式。复数主语，用and或both ??- and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例如： 1) The performance was very funny. 2) Serving the people is my great happiness. 3) Whether we ' ll go depends on the weather. 4) Many natural materials are becoming scarce. 5) Both you and I are students. 6) What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. 注1：在what引导的主语从句中，如果主语补语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 What we have to learn are the pieces of language that produce inversion. 注2:修饰语对主语的数不起影响。例如： The performance of the first three clowns was very funny. (2) 由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等弓I 起的结构跟在主语后面，不能看作是并列主语，该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响， 主语如是单数，其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。例如： 1) My mother, as well as my father, has a key to the office. 2) The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV. 3) His sister no less than you is wrong. 4) The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students. 注：有时在with结构里，加上both之后，with就具有and含义。例如： Grandpa Wang with his son, both looking very happy, are taking a walk in the park. (3) 有些代词只能指单数可数名词，当它们在句子中作主语时，尽管在意义上是多数， 谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody 等。例如： 1) Neither likes the friends of the other.( 两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。) 2) Everything around us is matter.( 我们周围的所有东西都是物质。)
一、如果主语是不可数名词, 动名词, 不定式或从句的时候, 谓语动词用单数. Smoking is not a good habit. To live happily needs a lot of things. What I said is true. 二、如果由and 连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候, 用单数动词. The singer and songwriter is dead. The science and technology plays an important part in China. Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients. “War and Peace ” is the best book I have ever read. 如果由and 连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, manya /an, no 的时候用单数名词. Every boy and girl in the class works very hard. Each minute and second is valuable to us.
三、主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数. Jack with his family wants to go to China. He, as well as you, is very honest. No one but I is a student. Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident. The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible. 四、由some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词(sb,sth---) 和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing 做主语的时候, 谓语动词用单数. Each of you is cleverer than me. Neither student has passed the exam. Is anybody here 五、b oth, few, a few, several, many 的以及others 做主语
第三讲主谓一致 概说：“一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系，这又叫“主—动一致”。主语和随后的动词词组（即谓语动词）之间的一致关系对中国学生来说，掌握上往往有一定的困难，因为这种一致关系为三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。 重点：主谓一致的指导原则 难点：主谓一致实际应用 内容： “一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系，这又叫“主—动一致”。 1.1 指导原则 主语和随后的动词词组（即谓语动词）之间的一致关系对中国学生来说，掌握上往往有一定的困难，因为这种一致关系为三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。 1．语法一致 主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。如果名词中心词是复数，动词就该用复数形式；如果名词中心词不是复数，而是单数名词或不可数名词，动词便用单数形式。这种一致关系叫做“语法一致”。 Every girl comes on time. Both boys have their own merits. 2．意义一致 有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义：比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词便用复数；反之，主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数。这种一致关系叫做意义一致。 The government have asked the country to decide by a vote. Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me. 3．就近原则 有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语（主要指名词）的单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。 Either my brothers or my father is coming. Only one out of five were present.
主谓一致逻辑意义一致原则 一.主谓一致的种类 1 ?语法形式上的一致 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如： The nu mber of the stude nts prese nt is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2 ?意义上一致 1) 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouti ng. 单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, , cattle等。 2) 主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。女口：The news was so surpris ing. 形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, econo mics 等。 3. 就近原则 即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or, either -or, neither…not,ot only…butalso等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如： Either your stude nts or Mr. Wang knows this. 二、逻辑意义一致原则 逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单 数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数)。 1. what，who，which，any，more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。 如：Which ____ (be) your bag? / Which ____ (be) your bags? All _____ (be) going well. / All _____ (be) gone to Beijing. a. I know that all ___ gett ing on well with her. A. were B. are C. is D. was b. The boy sitti ng by the win dow is the only one of the stude nts who ___ from the coun tryside in our school. A. was B. were C. is D. are 2. 表示时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用 单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is eno ugh for the work a. Twenty miles ____ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is C. are D. were b. Ten thousa nd dollars ___ quite a large sum. A.are B. is C. were D. have
主谓一致有两个原则：一个是就近一致的原则；一个是意义一致的原则。 就近原则就是指靠近谓语动词的，作主语的名词作为人称和数的参考标准。 意义一致就是指必须分析主语是属于单数还是复数，可数还是不可数，然后再决定谓语动词的人称和数的形式。 就近一致原则的常见词型：连词not only …..but also….\neither …..nor…..\either….or…...\not ……but ….. 副词here\there . and Not only the students and the teacher enjoys the film . Either he or I am right . Neither I nor she is doctor . Here comes the bus . Here is a photo of my family . There is a book and ten pencils on the table . There are ten pencils and a book on the table . Tom and Mary are my friends . 分别是不同的可数名词 Both rice and wheat are grown in china . 分别是不同的不可数名词 Fish and chips is a popular food here . 两边的词是构成的一个统一概念 My family were watching TV at 7o’clock . My family has moved three times . 特殊形式： 单一主语指的是由一个中心名词或名词短语构成的主语，其主语与谓语的一致情况 不定代词做主语。Either ,neither , each , one, the other , another , someone , somebody, something , anyone , anyone , anything , something , anything , nothing , nobody , no one , nothing . 常用单数。 None 做主语表示人或物的数量是用单数，但表示数目是单复数都可以用。 Either ,neither+of 复数名词和代词时，谓语动词可以用单数，也可以用复数。 The other two …another two 做主语时，谓语动词用复数。Five people came to help , but another three were needed. All 指全部人时用复数，但指全部的事情时常用单数。 集体名词作为主语时形式上是单数，但意义上是复数的，谓语动词用复数。 People are talking the accident happened yesterday . 但作为一个整体看待的话，谓语动词用单数。 The population of china is very large . 一些本来是成复数形式出现的名词，单独使用时用复数，但假如有单位词，以单位词为准。Shoes, glassed ,trousers , pants so on , (a pair of , a set of ….) A number of 和the number of 的区别。 More than one + 单数名词，尽管意义上是复数，但中心词是单数，故用单数。 One or two + 复数名词，谓语动词用复数。而在a\an + 单数名词+ or two 时，谓语动词用单数 One or two days are enough to do that ===A day or two is enough to do that . 表示时间，距离，价格，度量衡的复数名词时，pass , go by , waste ,spend , use 等词连用时用复数。 当百分之几，几分之几+of +名词时，以后面的名词的数来决定单复数，但one and a half +复数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 动词不定式或动名词作为主语时，通常谓语动词用单数，但如果多个连接一起表示不同一个概念时用复数。To work and to live are two different things . 假性主语主谓一致，该如何判断？名词与这些词连接时，(with , together with , along with , as well as , like , such as , as much as , no less than , rather than , including , besides , but ,except , in addition （除此之外）等短语后面的名词为假性主语，谓语动词要根据原主语而定。No one but your parents was there .