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grammar week 13

grammar week 13
grammar week 13

Grammar and Vocabulary Week 13

Focus:

●Category words in Chinese-English T ranslation

●Superlatives and Superlative meaning

●Passives and passive meaning

I. 阅读以下各句译文,其中范畴词的翻译处理是否妥当?应如何修改?

1.轴承的制造工艺复杂,要经过多道工序后才能获得成品。

The process of making bearing is complicated, and several processes must be employed before finished products are available.

改译:Bearing making is complicated, and several processes must be employed before finished products are available.

2.轴承的锻造、热处理、车削和磨削等工艺完成质量如何,会最终影响轴承的使用寿命和应用效果。

To what quality standards bearing processes like forging, heat-treatment, turning and grinding are executed may eventually affect their service life and performance.

改译:To what quality standards bearings are forged, heat-treated, turned and ground may eventually affect their performance and service life.

3.

’s food problem lies in agricultural biotechnology innovation.

4.采用这一电路设计原理,可确保安定器的输出功率等于灯泡的输入功率,从根本上解决了功率不匹配问题。

Following these circuit design principles can cause the output power of the stabilizer to equal the input power of the bulb and thus the problem of power mismatch is basically solved.

改译:Following these circuit design principles may cause the output power of the stabilizer to equal the input power of the bulb and thus power mismatch is effectively avoided.

5.

改译:Hardware engineers should be involved in the software integration test plan.

6.从新中国建立起,钱三强便全身心地投入了中国的原子能事业。

Since the new China was proclaimed in 1949, Qian Sanqiang threw himself into the country’s cause of atomic energy.

(“事业”应译出)

7.专家们认为高温超导磁浮车的这些优点,使它在经费足够的情况下,10年左右就可以走向产业化。

Experts believe that under the circumstances of sufficient funds, all these advantages of the HTS maglev will enable its industrialization within 10 years or so.

改译:Experts believe that given sufficient funds, all these advantages of the HTS maglev will enable its industrialization within 10 years or so.

8.多位参议员表示,汽车行业只有拿出改革创新的计划,放弃铺张浪费的做法,才有可能获得救助。

Many senators said the auto industry won’t be able to get bailed out unless it comes up with innovative plans and abandon the practice of extravagance.

改译:Many senators said the auto industry won’t be bailed out unless it comes up with innovative plans and gives up extravagance.

9.这家化工企业的偷排行为无异于公然投毒。

The practice of stealth discharge of pollutants by this chemical business is tantamount to a deliberate act of poisoning.

改译:The unauthorized discharge of pollutants by this chemical business is tantamount to a deliberate act of poisoning.

10.纸业公司是否存在偷排的情况,住在附近的村民是最有发言权的。

Whether or not the circumstances of the paper company stealthily discharging pollutants exist, the villagers living in the area are the most eligible to comment.

改译:Residents of the nearby villages are the most eligible to testify whether or not the paper company is responsible for the unauthorized discharge of pollutants.

11. 保护站成立后,由于执行不严,老百姓盗猎的情况仍时常发生。

Following the establishment of the protection stations, however, poaching cases remain frequent due to inadequate enforcement of regulations.

12.中国政府严禁犀牛角、虎骨等的药用和贸易,对乱捕滥猎珍稀野生动物的犯罪行为,实行严厉打击的政

策。

The Chinese Government strictly prohibits the medicinal use of and trade in rhinoceros horn and tiger bone and adopts the policy of severely punishing the criminal acts of overhunting rare wild animals.

改译:The Chinese Government prohibits the medicinal use of and trade in rhinoceros horn and tiger bone and cracks down on illegal hunting of rare wild animals.

13.我们应该教育当地人、与当地人合作、告诉他们那些动植物濒临灭绝是人们滥采滥伐,滥捕滥杀的行为

造成的。

We should educate the local people and cooperate with them, telling them that it is the behavior of over-mining, over-logging and overhunting that have driven those animals and plants to the brink of extinction.

改译:We should educate the local people and cooperate with them, telling them that it is over-mining, over-logging and illegal hunting that have driven those animals and plants to the brink of extinction.

14.对TD手机是否能短期内研发出来,不少半导体设计公司采取了怀疑的态度。

Whether or not TD mobile phones will be developed within a short period, quite a few semiconductor design companies assumed a skeptical attitude.

改译:Quite a few semiconductor design companies were skeptical about the possibility of TD mobile phones being developed within a reasonably short period of time.

Quite a few semiconductor design companies were skeptical whether or not TD mobile phones can be developed within a short period.

15.合格率的决定性因素包括原材料的纯净度、工作环境的清洁度、制造设备的精密度以及生产工艺的先进

程度等。

The decisive factors that determine qualifier rate include the degree of purity of raw materials, the degree of cleanness of the working environment, the degree of precision of the manufacturing equipment and the level of advancement of processing techniques used, etc.

改译:The decisive factors that determine qualifier rate include the purity of raw materials, the cleanness of the working environment, the precision of the manufacturing equipment and the advancement of processing techniques used, etc.

16.(“霍兰-Ⅰ”号是一艘单人驾驶潜艇。艇长5米,装有1台汽油内燃机,能以每小时3.5海里的速度航行。)

但由于潜艇水下航行时内燃机所需空气的问题没有解决,故潜艇一潜入水下发动机就停止了工作。

(The Holland I was a 5 meter long one-man submarine which was powered by a gasoline engine and could

navigate at a speed of 3.5 nautical miles.)However, since the problem of air remained unsolved for the internal combustion engine during attempts at underwater navigation, it would stop working as soon as the submarine dived.

改译:However, during attempts at underwater navigation, the shortage of air for the internal combustion engine

set in and the engine would stop working as soon as the submarine dived.

set in phr v

if something sets in, especially something unpleasant, it begins and seems likely to continue for a long time

Winter seems to be setting in early this year.

Further economic decline set in during the 1930s.

2. Analyze the following sentence pairs and find out how adjectives with –ible/-able are used.

1)It is important to discuss your possible choices of hospital with medical experts. / We get all the assistance

possible.

2)All remaining available seats will be assigned to students. / Is this the only available seat? / This is the only seat

available.

3)Advertisements can be seen in every imaginable place. /… every place imaginable. / Paris is one of the most

delightful places imaginable.

4)While this is not the perfect solution, it is a politically achievable result. / What's the best result achievable over

the agreed period?

5)Sports betting is a game of predicting a foreseeable outcome. / The only outcome foreseeable was war.

●all … + -able/-ible

●the only… + -able/-ible

●the most…+ -able/-ible

◆Superlatives and superlative meaning

●Definite article (包含最高级的意思)

1)Dr. Lu is the specialist in kidney trouble. 最好的/最权威的专家

2)The captain is the one to consult if you have a problem with the food or service.

3)If you want a quick survey, this is the book.

4)In mechanics, he is the expert.

●Adjectives and adverbs with superlative meaning:

Bottom, favorite, peak, only, ultimate, up-to-date, last, supremely, etc

5)The bottom candidates were dropped until only six remained.

6)He is the only man for the position.

●Nouns with superlative meaning:

Acme, crest, extreme, forefront, height, maximum, minimum, perfection, queen, supreme, summit, top, etc.

7)He is the acme of courtesy. 礼数颇多/ He is the acme of good taste. / Mao Tse-tung's thought is the acme of

Marxism-Leninism in the present era. It is living Marxism-Leninism at its highest.

8)Robert’s unselfishness makes him a great leader. He is the height of character and leadership.

9)We should try to find the maximum of efficiency with the minimum of labor.

10)The summit of her ambition is to become an actress.

●all + noun

11)They counted the ballots with all speed.

12)Her first word was the first word of all surprise.

13)She was all ears when the scandal was revealed.

14)The show is wonderful and the children are all eyes.

15)She was all smiles when she saw that nothing had happened to him.

16)Miss Smile was all smiles for a good 20 minutes.

●noun + itself

17)She is beauty itself.

18)The nurse is kindness itself.

●of all things; of all others

19)Disregard of public interest is of all things to be condemned.最应受到谴责的

20)Treason or ingratitude is a sin of all others we detest.

●Noun in singular + of + same noun in plural

21)As we know, grain is the treasure of treasures.宝中宝

22)Fran?oise is a Parisian of Parisians.最地道的巴黎人

23)王中王

24)赢得欧洲优胜者杯冠军to win the European Cup Winners’ Cup

…as + adj +a/an + noun + as ever…

25)He was as skinny a man as I’ve ever seen.

26)It is as touching a film as ever was seen.

as + adj +as + same adj + can be

27)She is as poor as poor can be.

28)Our office is as clean as clean can be.

linking verb + adj + like anything

29)He felt happy like anything at the good news.

30)Having got a job as a dynamite driver, Jessie Fulton was satisfied like anything.

◆Passive voice and passive meaning

1.Put the following into Chinese using words provided in the brackets

1)良药苦口。(taste)

2)这种材料质地柔软。(feel) .

3)这些花很香。(smell) .

4)这只手提箱中六十磅。(weigh) .

5)他的书没有销路。(sell) .

6)这门不好开。(open)

7)这块台布很快就会磨破。(wear) .

8)他的行为不应受到批评。(criticism)

9)多条高速铁路正在建造中。(construction)

10)不用当心。一切尽在掌控中。(n. control)

11)劳工不能任由资方摆布。(at the mercy of)

12)首相因滥用政治献金的丑闻而备受批评。(n. fire)

13)《圣经》是非卖品。(sale)

14)他是否有权继承这些房产正在争议中。(n. dispute)

15)杰克因非法拥有大麻而被捕。(n. arrest).

16)反对党领袖昂山素季被一直羁押到了九月份(n. custody).

17)不容置疑,你说的这一点是有根据的。(undoubtedly)

18)应当承认,这些规则是严格的。(admittedly).

19)不可否认,他也有自己的缺点。(undeniably)

20)他比威廉更应受到指责。(to blame)

21)此房出租(to let)

22)这辆汽车需要修理。(repairing) .

23)从那天起,我的生活才过得有意义。(worth) .

24)铝很容易氧化。(prone to).

25)所有产品参数均可能更改,无需事先通告。(subject to)

Key

1)良药苦口。(taste) Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.

2)这种材料质地柔软。(feel) The material feels soft.

3)这些花很香。(smell) The flowers smell sweet.

4)这只手提箱中六十磅。(weigh) This suitcase weighs 60 pounds.

5)他的书没有销路。(sell) His book does not sell.

6)这门不好开。(open) The door cannot / does not open easily.

7)这块台布很快就会磨破。(wear) This tablecloth will soon wear out.

8)他的行为不应受到批评。(criticism)What he did / has done is above criticism. /His actions are above criticism.

9)多条高速铁路正在建造中。(construction)Several high speed Railway lines are under construction.

10)不用当心。一切尽在掌控中。(n. control)Don’t worry. Everything is under control.

11)劳工不能任由资方摆布。(at the mercy of)Labour should not be put/left at the mercy of the capital.

12)首相因滥用政治献金的丑闻而备受批评。(n. fire)The Prime Minister was under fire over the misuse of

political funds.

13)《圣经》是非卖品。(sale)The Bible is not for sale.

14)他是否有权继承这些房产正在争议中。(n. dispute)His right to the estate is In dispute.

15)杰克因非法拥有大麻而被捕。(n. arrest)Jack is now under arrest for illegal possession of marijuana.

16)反对党领袖昂山素季被一直羁押到了九月份(n. custody) The opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi was held

in custody until September.

17)不容置疑,你说的这一点是有根据的。(undoubtedly)Undoubtedly, the point you make is valid.

18)应当承认,这些规则是严格的。(admittedly)Admittedly, these rules are strict.

19)不可否认,他也有自己的缺点。(undeniably)Undeniably, he has his demerits.

20)他比威廉更应受到指责。(to blame)He is more to blame than William.

21)此房出租(to let)This house is to let.

22)这辆汽车需要修理。(repairing) This car needs repairing.

23)从那天起,我的生活才过得有意义。(worth) From that day on, my life was worth living.

24)铝很容易氧化。(prone to)Aluminum is prone to oxidation.

25)所有产品参数均可能更改,无需事先通告。(subject to)All product specifications are subject to modifications

without prior notice.

练习三、分析下列译文,判断其中划线部分的译法是否妥当。

1.发烧一方面削弱侵入的病毒,另一方面,帮助机体提高抵抗力。

On the one hand fever weakens invading viruses; on the other hand it helps the body to build up resistance.

改译:Fever weakens the invading virus as well as helps enhance the body’s resistance

或:On the one hand, fever weakens invading viruses and on the other, it helps the body to build up resistance.

2.北美版新雅阁有两种发动机供选择,一种为直列4缸,排气量为2.4L。

The new North American Accord has two kinds of engines to choose from. The first is an inline 4-cylinder engine having a displacement of 2.4L.

改译:Two engine options are available for the latest North American Accord. One is the inline 4-cylinder type with a displacement of 2.4 L.

3.湿度控制是无尘车间生产必需具备的重要条件,相对湿度是无尘车间、洁净室运作过程中一个常用的

环境控制条件。

Humidity control is an indispensible important condition for production in a dust-free workshop. Relative humidity is a constant environmental control condition for operations within a dust-free shop or a clean room. 改译:Humidity control is a prerequisite for production in a dust-free workshop and relative humidity is a constant control factor for operations within a dust-free shop or a clean room.

4.今年各大运营商都加大了光纤宽带网络的建设力度,预计到2011年底,可以完成8000万光纤宽带端

口的建设目标。

Major operators have increased efforts in building fiber-optic broadband networks. It is expected that by the end of 2011, the goal of building 80 million fiber optic broadband ports will have been attained.

改译:Efforts have been intensified by major operators to build fiber-optic broadband networks. It is expected that by the end of 2011, 80 million fiber optic broadband ports will have been installed.

5.由于电视的模拟信号改成了数字信号,使得图像更加清晰真切。

Since simulated signals have been changed into digital signals, TV pictures are much clearer and more vivid.

改译:Since analog signals have been replaced by digital signals, TV pictures are much clearer and more vivid.

6.全新西门子SL45移动电话不仅是一部WAP手机,而且还是一台MP3播放器,并且具有数字语音录

音功能。

The new Siemens SL45 is more than just a W AP telephone. It's also an MP3 player and has the function of digital voice recording.

改译:The new Siemens SL45 is more than just a W AP telephone. It's also an MP3 player and a digital voice recorder.

7.一座大厦如果有了白蚁,不加防治,不到十年时间,里面的地板壁板,都会蛀蚀一空。If a tall building

has termites in it and if no prevention and cure were introduced, the floor and the wooden paneling inside it will have been eaten in less than ten years.

改译:If a tall building is infested with termites and nothing is done about it, the floor and the wooden paneling inside it will have been eaten in less than ten years.

8.一支国际研究队伍对1007名欧洲男子的Y染色体进行了研究,结果显示,从基因角度看,他们根本

就是兄弟。An international research team has conducted a study of the Y chromosomes of 1007 European males. The results show that seeing from a genetic point of view, they are brothers after all.改译:An international research team has conducted a study of the Y chromosomes of 1007 European males. The results show that they are brothers genetically.

英语口译 练习方法

英语口译的练习技巧 方法一:不断的自言自语 自言自语对于训练说外语的流利程度是很有帮助的。例如搭捷运时,看到什么就说什么,这样练习形容眼前的事物,不断自言自语,将搭车的过程说出来。藉由这种练习来形容眼前的每件事物,每天作十次以上这样的练习,将会发现,自己的外语流利了许多。一些专家建议:刚开始时,先用母语(中文)练习,再用外语来练习及组织。想到什么,就用一种语言说出来,为的是训练我们的敏感度。这种敏感度会在我们自言自语时,组织我们自己语言的语流(speech flow)。 目的:在想到什么讲什么,看到什么就说什么的情况下,磨练我们的语言表达力,跟时间的掌握齐头并进。在自言自语当中,控制自己的语流,让自己的脑神经细胞都能展开来,跟周遭的事物结合在一起。这个在实践中还是做得到的。我们做口译时会紧张,往往就是语流掌握得不好。在做这一行时,很多人会认为我们的正确度已经足够,但是流畅度还是不行,这就是我们对语流控制不够,造成在口译表达上有所挫折。这个在实践上比较多,而理论上比较少。 方法二:阅读口(传)译:(sight translation) 定义:一边看,一边翻译。一边看用甲文字所写出来的文字,用乙文字的语言讲出来。 练习步骤: 步骤一:看英文,译成中文 可先找语法和词汇浅显,内容比较简单且自己较熟悉内容的外文书,例如国中英语课本、儿童故事等等,一边看,一边用母语讲出来。习惯了这样的翻译后,再用硬纸板挖开两行字大小的横条状的洞,将纸从上往下慢慢移动,每次看两行字,口译出来,移动的速度不要太快。每本做三至四次的练习,就可以不用这本书了,再由浅入深。这种步骤的好处是可以掌握文字上的意义与语言上的口说能力等两者转换间的衔接能力。 步骤二:看中文,译成英文 和上个步骤差不多,但难度更大。先用程度较浅的内容如国语、国文课本,或中文的儿童故事,先看中文,再用外语(英语)说出来。接着以步骤一的方法练习。 我的建议:在进行阅读传译步骤一、二的时候,不妨把译文录下来。英译中的部分请没有学过英文的人来听,中译英的部分则请以英语为母语的人来鉴定其是否流畅正确。我们一定要做录音这个动作来确定口译的正确程度。 步骤三:可以用以英文撰写的文字(最好是专题演讲稿〉,因为口译一般不是口语的,而是比较书面的。先训练笔头的功夫,在原文的两行字之间写出摘要( target language ) ,再用母语把摘要讲出来,因为我们脑神经细胞里所接受的化石(fossile)比较接近母语的沉

英语四级必看英语语法(全)

all the same 仍然,照样的as regards 关于,至于anything but 根本不as a matter of fact 实际上 apart from 除...外(有/无) as a rule 通常,照例 as a result(of) 因此,由于as far as ...be concerned 就...而言as far as 远至,到...程度as for 至于,关于 as follows 如下as if 好像,仿怫 as good as 和...几乎一样as usual 像平常一样,照例 as to 至于,关于all right 令人满意的;可以 as well 同样,也,还as well as 除...外(也),即...又

aside from 除...外(还有) at a loss 茫然,不知所措 at a time 一次,每次at all 丝毫(不),一点也不 at all costs 不惜一切代价at all events 不管怎样,无论如何at all times 随时,总是at any rate 无论如何,至少 at best 充其量,至多at first 最初,起先 at first sight 乍一看,初看起来at hand 在手边,在附近 at heart 内心里,本质上at home 在家,在国内 at intervals 不时,每隔... at large 大多数,未被捕获的 at least 至少at last 终于 at length 最终,终于at most 至多,不超过

at no time 从不,决不by accident 偶然 at one time 曾经,一度;同时at present 目前,现在 at sb’s disposal 任...处理at the cost of 以...为代价 at the mercy of 任凭...摆布at the moment 此刻,目前 at this rate 照此速度 at times 有时,间或back and forth 来回地,反复地 back of 在...后面before long 不久以后 beside point 离题的,不相干的beyond question 毫无疑问by air 通过航空途径by all means 尽一切办法,务必 by and by 不久,迟早by chance 偶然,碰巧

口译训练方法及材料

各位大家好 我就是jacky,那个帖子《我如何用一年考上欧盟口译司》一文的作者。 我一直都想把这种系统的方法能够通过一个很好的方式传递给其他人,让更多的人找到梦想,发现真谛。 所以,我和朋友们一起集中智慧,起草了下面的这个操作的原则和程序,算作是一次大型的免费口译培训,希望你能够看懂,如果有什么问 题,可以回帖,如果没有,就可以直接开始了,一共六个月的进程,如果你能严格执行下来,考上二级口译应该没问题 1 分为6个不同的阶段,也就是6个月,到什么阶段,达到什么程度 2 在论坛上法帖,监督自己学习,也接受别人的监督, 3 完成了一个阶段,给负责人发邮件,才可以收到下一阶段的学习指示,所以大家必须要学习后在论坛上发帖,证明你每天都在学习,我们的 方法,只能提供给真正热爱的朋友。 4 办一个经验口译员解答专栏。稍候我们会开通这个服务 7 有关学习的具体进程: 第一个月: 模仿新闻1h + 新闻精听2h 基本上听新闻同类话题可以大致理解 第二个月:(该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你)新闻听力一次准确理解大约50-60%,语言能力得到增长,语音有所转变 第三个月:(该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你)新闻听力一次准确理解大约70-80%,基本上达到语言的运用有了一定积 累,新闻听力一次准确理解大约80-90%,语言运用比较正规,能够用新闻和标准的语言来表述一些复杂论点,开始笔记练习 第五个月: (该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你)新闻听力进入快速阶段,越来越好。语言能力继续提升,笔记基本上能够纪录短时间的文章 第六个月:(该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你)新闻听力达到接

英语四级语法全

四级语法 一:时态:所谓的"时态",就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表: 1.主动形式 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 2.被动形式 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 时。 时间状语从句当中的时态: 一般过去时 所有的过去 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 一.非谓语动词 一.不定式: 一)不定式的常考形式: 一般 did do will/shall do should/would do 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done 用于虚拟语气 完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing / / 一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given 完成进行 / / /

1)一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能:表示与谓语动词同步发生 2)完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前 二)不定式常考的考点: 1)不定式做定语----将要发生 2)不定式做状语----目的 3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性,真实性; + doing表示动作的连续性,进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作) 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to I ‘d like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn’t have t o be made to learn. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如: want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan, offer,decide,agree,expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

英汉同声传译技巧与训练(仲伟合)

英汉同声传译技巧与训练 广东外语外贸大学副校长、高级翻译学院首任院长仲伟合 1、同声传译的概念 口译按工作方式分为连续(consecutive interpreting,又叫交替传译、逐步传译)和同声传译(simultaneous interpreting)。同声传译因为与发言人同步进行翻译,无须占用会议时间而受到了会议组织者的欢迎,二次世界大战之后,流行于许多国际组织。所谓同声传译指的是用一种语言(译入语)把另外一种语言(原语)所表达的思想内容,以与原语发言人几乎相同的速度,用口头形式表达出来的一种翻译方式。近年来,世界很多地方称这种翻译为“会议传译”(conference interpreting)。在大多数情况下,同声传译是通过会议设备来完成的。译员坐在特制的口译箱里,通过耳机接听发言人的讲话内容,随即通过麦克风把原语发言人的讲话内容用译人语传达给大会的听众,听众则利用耳机选择所需要的语言频道,接受翻译服务。 与交替传译相比,同声传译具有以下优点:(1)在同声传译中,发言与翻译同时进行,不占用会议时间;(2)同声传译可以利用电子设备,在同一时间内对多种语言同时进行翻译。(3)在大型国际会议中,译员有时可以事先得到发言稿件,早做准备,提高翻译的准确率。因此,现在国际上的会议,百分之九十都是采用同声传译的方式进行。 同声传译又可分为以下几种情况:(1)常规同传:在翻译中,译员没有稿件,靠耳听、心想、口译来在同一时间内完成同声传译工作。(2)视译:译员拿到讲话人的书面讲话稿,一边听讲话人的讲话、一边看稿、一边口译。(3)耳语传译:不需要使用同传设备。译员一边听讲话人的发言,一边与会代表耳边进行传译。 (4)同声传读:译员拿到书面译文,边听发言人念稿,边宣读译文。同声传读需要注意发言人在宣读论文过程中增加及减少的内容,有时发言人也可能会突然脱稿进行发言。 2、同声传译的工作程序 同声传译的工作程序可能简单表示为:也就是原语发言人在会议厅主席台(或会场)对着麦克风发言,同传译员则坐在特制的口译箱里通过耳机接听原语信息,同时用目的语言准确传达原语信息,通过麦克风把信息传达出去。面听众则通过耳机接收翻译内容。在上述同声传译程序中,以下几个方面对同声传译的质量会带来影响:(1)发言人:信息发出者。其讲话内容、发言速度、言语逻辑、讲话口音等都对同声传译员对原语的理解带来影响,进而影响整个翻译质量; (2)同传译员:同传译员是翻译成败的关键。同传译员在工作中要做到“一心多用”,听、想、记、译几乎要在同一时间内完成。因此同传译工作极具挑战性; (3)同传设备:同传译员的翻译结果要靠设备才能为听众所接受。同传活动中,译员要熟悉设备的操作。特别是遇到多语种翻译要用“接力翻译”(relay interpreting)时,更应该熟练掌握设备的操作。同传译员一般要在工作前30分钟到场检测设备。在检查过程中,一旦发现问题应立即找有关的技术人员解决。在口译过程中,始终应该有设备技术人员值班,以解决应急问题。

英语四级语法全

四级语法 一:时态:所谓的"时态",就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表: 1.主动形式 2.被动形式 CET-4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。 时间状语从句当中的时态: 一般过去时 所有的过去 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 一.非谓语动词 一.不定式: 一)不定式的常考形式: 1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能: 表示与谓语动词同步发生 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 did do will/shall do should/would do 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done 用于虚 拟语气 完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing / / 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given 完成进行 / / /

口译对话练习

情景:外国客户协同翻译来中国和一家外贸公司谈生意,中方公司派人接机。意外连连,外国客户行李丢失,心急如焚,在接待处向机场工作人员询问。 角色:A外国客户Miss.Brown B外国客户翻译C中方代表(会一点英语) D机场工作人员 A: Where can I get my baggage? I can'find my baggage. B我在何处可取得行李?我找不到我的行李。 D:我们正在调查,请稍等一下。 B: Please wait for a moment while we are investigating. A:Here is my claim tag. B :这是我的行李票。 A:We may have lost some baggage so we'd like to make a lost baggage report. B:我们可能遗失了几件行李,所以必须填份行李遗失报告。 D:请和我到办公室。 B: Would you come with me to the office? A: Could you please check it urgently? B:是否可麻烦紧急查询? A: How soon will I find out? B:多快可找到? D:你总共遗失了几件行李?请描述你的行李。 B : How many pieces of baggage have you lost? Can you describe

your baggage? A:I have two pieces of luggage missing. One is a medium-sized Samsonite, and it's gray,and the other is a large leather suitcase with my name tag. It's dark blue. How can you help me if you can't find my baggage today? B:一个是中型的灰色绅耐特皮箱。另外一个是上面系有我名牌的大型皮制黑蓝色行李箱。 A: Please deliver the baggage to my hotel as soon as you've located it. B:一旦找到行李,请立即送到我停留的饭店。 A : I'd like to purchase what I need for the night. B:我想要购买过夜所需的用品。 D :我们会尽快处理好,把行李送到你的住处 B :they’ll try their best to find your luggage and send them to your hotel as soon as possible . A :OK .thanks! B :非常感谢! 突然,老外手中的电话响了 C:你好!我是代表我们公司来接你们的 A: oh,m y god ! I can’t understand what she is saying把电话给翻译 B喂,你好!我是Miss.Brown的翻译有什么事情跟我说好了我向Miss.Brown 转达。 C你好,我是公司派来接你们的,我已经在机场了,你们在哪里?

英语四级语法大全

语法大全之目录 1.名词 2.冠词和数词 3.代词 4.形容词和副词 5.动词 6.动名词 7.动词不定式 8.特殊词精讲 9.分词 10.独立主格 11.动词的时态 12.动词的语态 13.句子的种类 14.倒装 15.主谓一致 16.虚拟语气 17.名词性从句 18.定语从句 19.状语从句 20.连词 21.情态动词 1. 名词 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词(Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:_______________________________________ ||专有名词|| | 名|| 个体名词|| |||| 可数名词| ||| 集体名词|| ||普通名词||| | 词|| 物质名词||

口译练习材料

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