The Current Status and Future Developing Trend of Civil
Engineering
Abstract: The system analyzes the achievements in construction and civil engineering materials, structure type, design theory and other aspects of research and application; direction for the future development of civil engineering structures from a complex type of research, new materials, new technology development and application , rock anchoring technique, based on reliability design theory and other aspects were discussed. Should be made to strengthen civil interdisciplinary exchanges and promote greater development of civil engineering.
Key words: Civil Engineering Development Status Future Trends
摘要:系统分析了土木工程的建设成就和建筑材料、结构型式、设计理论等方面的研究与应用现状；对土木工程的未来发展方向从复杂结构型式的研究,新材料、新技术开发与应用,岩土锚固技术,基于可靠度的设计理论等方面进行了探讨。提出应加强土木工程各学科间的交流,促进土木工程的更大发展。
关键词: 土木工程发展现状未来趋势
Introduction:After years of development, civil engineering practice and research has made remarkable achievements, both structural mechanics analysis, or structural design theory and methods, and structure of the project means to have a very big breakthrough; especially in the past few years , at the top, large span steel structure and performance aspects, especially alarming. However, looking ahead, there are still many areas of civil engineering issues we need to be further explored.
1.Civil status
1.1 Civil tremendous achievements
Since the reform and opening up, China's development of high-rise buildings has entered a new stage, high-rise building more and more not only in quantity, but also increasing in height. According to preliminary statistics, China has built more than 20 floors high-rise buildings over 10,000 buildings, over 100 m in more than 500 high-rise buildings, 200 m above the high-rise buildings over 50 buildings, there are more than 20 buildings of more than 300 m. At present, China's tallest high-rise buildings in Shanghai Jinmao Tower in Pudong, on the ground 88 floors, height 420.5 m, 3 floors underground, the height of buildings in the world has been ranked No. 3, was mixed reinforced concrete and steel frame structure. About to start construction of the
Shanghai Civil thesis Financial Center Building Floors 94, underground three-story, 466 m, completed, its height will exceed the current world's tallest building in Kuala Lumpur, wear heavy Nasdaq became the world's first height. In the world, before the 10 tallest building built in 1998 has a high 382. 2 m Malaysia PlzazRakya, t high 381m of the Empire State Building in New York, the attacks collapsed two high 417 m and 415 m of the original World Trade Center in New York Kuala Lumpur high 452 m of oil twin towers of two Chicago high 442 m of the Sears tower, high 374 m of the Hong Kong Central Plaza Building, high 368.5 m of the Hong Kong Bank of China, the high 347.5 m Kaohsiung T & C Tower, high 346.3m Chicago Amoco Tower and Shanghai Pudong Jin Mao Tower. In the construction of the Taipei Financial Center, high-508m, Department of steel structures, high-rise buildings will exceed the current world record of Petronas Twin Towers. Road, rail rapid development of the "fifth" period, China will have highway 1,600,000 km, including highways 25,000 km, 2010, the national highway will reach 30,000 km. China's first a national trunk road Shanghai Expressway on April 20, 2000 has been all through passenger. To 2005, the national railway operating mileage of about 75,000 km, the first cross-channel of the Guangdong Railway Corridor at August 30, 1998 groundbreaking, length 542.6 km; the State Council approved the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, east of Golmud in Qinghai, west of Lhasa, Tibet, length 1118 km, where permafrost about 600 km, altitude higher than 4000 m of the lot more than 960 km, will be the world's highest and longest plateau railway, is another western development Xiang landmark projects.
Bridge project has also made remarkable achievements, along with the ever-changing type of bridge main span span repeatedly broken; while the revival of Cambridge stayed bridge project is another brilliant. Japan's time stone Narrows Bridge (1991 m suspension bridge), Tatara Bridge (890 m cable-stayed bridge), Denmark kelp bridge (1624 m suspension bridge), France Normandy bridge (856 m cable-stayed bridge) is recognized as the 20th century bridge masterpiece and history. The Yangpu Bridge, Nanpu Bridge, Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge, Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge and other large-span bridges marked the completion of China's large-span structures has reached a new level, has entered the world advanced level. At present, China has built three kilometers above the bridge (there are two under construction), 800 m above the bridge 8, 600m above the bridge 15, 400m above the bridge 40, Chongqing, Wanxian hole span of 420 m of reinforced concrete arch bridge has attracted great interest in world counterparts.
1.2 Development and application of new building materials
In recent years, with the mass production of high-grade cement, steel fiber and glass fiber reinforced concrete, polymer impregnated concrete rapid hardening, high strength, lightweight, composite, and the development of energy-efficient concrete, composite, the development of new wall materials, glass , multi-coated glass, double insulating glass and other construction glass and other developments have brought a civil engineering structure, design theory and construction of new developments in technology and other aspects. From the 1980s, the rise of carbon fiber applied research in this field is civil engineering as a major breakthrough. Domestic research team led by the Lu Zhitao academicians and other research institutions have been conducted on the use of carbon fiber reinforced concrete beams, slabs, columns reinforcement of research, has made many achievements in this field indicates that China has been in a leading position. Currently, the use of carbon fiber reinforced materials, repair of concrete structures technology has been obtained in engineering applications, the prospects are very bright.
1.3 Prestressing technology
In the 1980s, from a single component of prestressing technology developed to a new stage of prestressed structures. Prestressing technology has been extended to span large column grid, large bay multi-storey and high-rise buildings, a continuous bridge, cable-stayed bridges and other structures, prestressed nuclear safety shell, large prestressed silos and liquid storage tank, prestressed ground anchors and prestressed pipe and other special prestressed structures. Large-span prestressed technology is also built public buildings, a large convention and exhibition centers and large bays residential important technology, but also high-level, high-rise buildings and bear especially heavy loads (eg conversion layer structure, heavy-duty power transmission beams, etc.) are indispensable structure The key technologies. Prestressing technique in solving large, tall, heavy, new construction design and construction challenges play its unique advantages. In addition, the prestressing technology will also promote innovative structures, such as prestressed suspension rod replacement column structures will be some development. In highway engineering, prestressed concrete pavement technology solutions to reduce cracking and joints, improve service life and has good application prospects. In bridge construction, whether it is large span suspension bridge (1000 m or more, even up to 2000 m), large span cable-stayed bridge (500 ~ 1 000 m), or the large and medium-span arch bridge (<500 m), girder bridge, and a small rigid frame bridge span simply supported beam bridge, bridge,
prestressed technology can be effectively applied. Prestressed concrete is the best marine engineering construction materials. Prestressed concrete high crack resistance, durability and other advantages will be fully exploited, prestressed technology in the marine oil platforms, marine tanks, marine transport vessels and offshore breakwaters, bridge and other marine civil engineering works will be made Papers play better performance. In addition, the technology will also be prestressed or other water conservancy projects such as Retrofitting old buildings, add layers and removal has also been obtained more applications.
1.4 Construction and development of underground space
Currently the world's largest underground shopping mall in Japan Tokyo Yaesu G Street, a total of three layers, the construction area of 70km2; The deepest underground street Mitchell Tanwo residential area of Moscow underground commercial street, the depth of 70 ~ 100 m; largest underground entertainment center is a Scottish Varis-su City underground entertainment center, wartime can masking 1.1 million people. China also has about 20 cities of the subway system in the planning and the implementation stage, he proposed 25 subway and light rail projects with a total length of 320 km under construction. Meanwhile underground space technology has been rapid development and improvement. At present, China mainly the construction of urban underground construction methods are open-cut method, tunneling method, cover digging method, shield law, immersed tube method, freezing and grouting method, etc., these technologies have reached the international advanced level, which for underground space development has provided valuable experience.
1.5 Civil Engineering Research and Application of reliability theory
It has long been accustomed to the safety factor as civil engineering evaluation. However, the security is a factor determined by the information obtained by a fixed value, it is possible to consider the design of any objective variables variability exists, a particular value of safety, for different works will not have the same meaning.
Consider the actual project uncertainties random mechanics for engineering analysis and reliability assessment has very important significance. Recently, with the continuous development of the theory of civil engineering and the deepening awareness of engineering and engineering reliability theory of stochastic mechanics and its application has been in a hot research state. Structural reliability calculation has been developed to a system component reliability reliability; calculated on Monte-Carlo method, the approximate calculation method,
boundary estimation method developed to Hohenbichler dimensionality reduction method, Ditlevsen the Taylor expansion method, Comell narrow boundaries France; in practical applications, in Hong Huasheng (AlfredoH. S.Ang) and other internationally renowned experts, driven by the United States and Japan and other countries have been based on full probabilistic thinking, considering the investment risks and benefits of structural reliability design method of dynamic , the results have been used for several high-rise design.
2.Future trends
2.1 Further development of high-level, large span steel structure will be accelerated development related issues will become a hot topic:(1) Large-span structures architecture and key technologies, a large complex of modern architecture design rationale; (2) A system for high-rise steel structure and layout, structural dynamic characteristics, structural reliability assessment, structural steric stabilization, a variety of design loads and steel reliability comparative study; (3) Research and develop all kinds of hybrid space structure system and giant grid structure system; (4) All kinds of large span spatial structures of practical analytical methods, including the structure of the critical load analytical methods, structural and practical seismic analysis method, commonly used type of surface wind vectors coefficient calculation; (5) Innovation span space structure construction methods, the development and promotion of the spatial structure of aerial and ground-mounted cantilevered mounting method, enhancing the overall or the top l The construction and installation methods; (6) Of steel - concrete composite structures seismic design research (research in this area are rarely at home and abroad to carry out); (7) Fire resistance of steel structures design and corrosion design.
2.2 Earthquake and Disaster Reduction With super high wind, large-span bridges and large span structures such as the construction of large and complex structures, structural design presents a longer, higher, softer trends. In many cases wind and seismic loads structural design has become the controlling factors. So large and complex structural system wind and seismic design theory and related issues will be further attention. Related research topics will include the design ground motion and severe wind loading mechanism of action; super high-rise building structural system of wind and earthquake, large span bridges and wind and seismic structural system.
Meanwhile, "dealt with gently," Seismic thinking in structural vibration control technology will be further reflected modern vibration control will be adaptive control, intelligent control, shock-absorbing cushioning technology research direction; civil structural health monitoring,
disaster response control structures and other infrastructure The study will be further strengthened.
2.3 Prestressed concrete materials and technology prestressed concrete materials and technology itself will be innovative and develop and promote new materials, new technologies, new theories and new design methods are emerging. Its applied research will be mainly reflected in the following aspects:(1) Will continue in high-strength concrete, high-performance direction; vibration-free concrete, reinforced concrete may be secret trial in the structure; (2) Large diameter, large cross-section strand of development, production; over 2000 high-strength steel cutter line may also be introduced; galvanized, epoxy coated strand will be used; stainless steel wire applications will have a big growth; durable, lightweight (weighs only 20% of steel), higher intensity (> 2000MPa) of high performance fiber reinforced plastic tendons more access to applications; carbon fiber fresh plastic (CFRP), glass fiber - reinforced plastics (GFRP), aramid fiber stiffening plastic (AFRP); (3) New unbonded CFRP tendons and in vitro Pre-Civil papers should force reinforcement will be developed and applied; (4) The durability of prestressed concrete structures, anti-fire, earthquake, and other anti-knock properties, and their design method; (5) Prestressed concrete and steel The combination of concrete, prestressed concrete and fiber reinforced concrete and other materials combined with the combination; (6) The development of prestressed lightweight concrete and prestressed concrete structures as well as improve the computational theory of prestressed concrete structure demolition, reconstruction and prestressed as structural reinforcement and adjustment measures of force; (7) The development and dissemination of modern prestressed space structural system, namely research and promote the use of pre-stressed technology to enhance structural rigidity, structural adjustment, the distribution of the wind, such as prestressed grid structure , prestressed cable-stayed grid structure; two prestressing technique is to study through the formation of new spatial structure, such as beam string structures, tensegrity structures and cable dome structure.
2.4 Vigorously develop high-performance concrete American Concrete Institute (ACI) will be high-performance concrete (HPC) is defined as having a real and easy filling, easy dense, not segregation, to maintain long-term superior mechanical properties, high early strength, good toughness, volume stability, long life in harsh environments such as the performance of the required homogeneous concrete. 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro will be "sustainable development" is defined as "in harmony with the Earth's ecosystems economic activity." Pointed
out that environmentally friendly concrete technology foundation upon which to build the three main pillars of concrete raw materials savings, improved durability of concrete and concrete technology from parsimony to the whole law changes. Therefore, the development of high-performance concrete must adopt sustainable, environmentally friendly concrete technology, in the development of various admixtures and cementitious materials at the same time, we should vigorously research alternative aggregates, cement substitution and the use of mineral admixtures use of waste materials to improve the performance of concrete, improve its durability approach. Such as: the use of crushed waste concrete instead of gravel, with the fly ash in the ash or fine ash as hard hardening materials; using blast furnace slag cement replacement product; using fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement mixing material or concrete and other mineral admixtures.
2.5 Research on Sustainable Development of underground space for the development of underground space, mainly to change the original distribution of the formation, giving rise to the formation of internal and surface changes in the environment. To make sustainable development of underground space, the need to study the following questions: (1) Changes in the hydrogeological conditions of the construction of underground space structure changed with the formation of groundwater flow route, destroyed the original supply relationship, thus changing the groundwater distribution of resources in the form and mode of occurrence and impact to the surface vegetation; (2) Underground space development of the original ecological balance disruptive underground space development destroying the flora and fauna of the ecological environment, thus affecting the geographical and climatic conditions, To restore the original ecological balance to conduct relevant research and transformation; (3) The original underground space development and safety of the buildings on the ground will have an impact underground rock excavation will destroy the original formation stress distribution, regardless of technical measures, to be more or less affect the original building to the ground safely. Also, because the ground various buildings, municipal engineering and other facilities of the structure, length of service, so that, even in the same deformation under the influence of the security implications of various buildings is also inconsistent, therefore, to be the whole area before construction building facilities with individual evaluation of the combination approach to related research and evaluation to ensure the safety of the ground construction area.
2.6 Geotechnical anchoring technology applications will continue to expand the application of
research will further expand: Rock anchoring technology except in underground engineering, engineering, structural engineering anti-floating, deep foundation to continue to maintain a good momentum of development, but in dam reinforcement project, bridge engineering, and overturning, anti-seismic stratigraphic anchoring the project has made considerable progress; While anchoring mechanism related research is still hot and difficult civil engineering sector, including the anchoring mechanism of field experiments research, various rock and soil anchoring mechanism in numerical simulation, anchor reinforcement slope and underground cavern excavation wall anchoring mechanism research group studies the anchor effect, repeated load and seismic effects on the anchor effect research.
2.7 Reliability-based structural optimization methods applied research will become a popular civil engineering structural optimization theory is built up in the 1960s, and has been in aircraft, ships, machinery and other manufacturing industries and important to get a large civil engineering applications, and achieved remarkable economic and social benefits. However, this optimization method has not been widely used in civil engineering, optimization requirements are not reflected in the specification. From the view of the nature of civil engineering, engineering optimization design should include the following:(1) The project feasibility analysis and argumentation; (2) The composition and structure of the engineering system selection; (3) Global optimization of engineering systems; (4) Based on reliability complex structure of multi-objective optimization design method; (5 ) And structural engineering system implementation planning and construction mechanics; (6) Engineering system of scientific management and maintenance; (7) Engineering Economics and Design Psychology
Structural reliability optimization design is optimized in the traditional design based on the developed. Foreign really started research in this area began in the late 1970s, with the structure optimization and reliability of research work in depth, structural optimization method based on reliability for the specific structure of the beginning of the study, and through the introduction of stochastic finite element method analysis to optimize the structure, and through the establishment of large-scale systems engineering systems perspective and global optimization ideas, project feasibility analysis and optimization of the overall layout of the decision.
3 Conclusion
At present, some areas of civil engineering has advanced ranks in the world, but our civil engineering design, construction and the overall level of theoretical studies compared with
developed countries there is a gap. Looking to the future, not only to strengthen the new structure type, new building materials, new techniques to explore the theoretical and applied research, but also to strengthen the Civil two interdisciplinary theory and technology of fusion and penetration, to achieve greater breakthroughs in civil engineering.
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翻译文章
第一篇
无论是轻骨料混凝土、普通混凝土还是重混凝土，良好的工作性是对新拌混凝土最基本的要求，是保证硬化混凝土获得预定质量目标的先决条件。对于混合骨料混凝土来说，由于粗骨料是由普通骨料和轻骨料复合而成，各骨料组分的密度不同且相差甚远，所以在混凝土浇筑成型的过程中，骨料中密度较大的普通骨料和较大颗粒的细骨料及包裹它们的水泥浆下沉，而比重较小的轻骨料、水等上浮，两种骨料粒子的运动方向截然相反，与单一密度粗骨料相比，在其他条件相同的情况下，骨料之间的相对位移更大，产生更严重的分层离析，造成混合骨料混凝土特有的整体不均匀性。
如何协调混合骨料混凝土流动性和稳定性之间的矛盾,一直是困扰工程、研究人员的技术难题，国内外关于混合骨料混凝土工作性的研究并不多。在这方面武汉理工大学曾对混合骨料混凝土的匀质性控制技术进行了较系统的研究，从骨料的最大粒径及级配、矿物掺和料、外加剂、纤维等多方面因素对混合骨料混凝土的坍落度、扩展度及分层度的影响规律进行了试验研究，结果表明轻骨料的最大粒径一般应小于20mm，且最好选用碎石型的轻骨料；普通骨料的最大粒径应控制在25mm以下；对轻骨料应进行预湿处理，且控制预处理时间不低于1h；粉煤灰是高性能混合骨料混凝土的必要组分，尤以复掺粉煤灰和矿粉对合骨料混凝土工作性和力学性能的改善效果最合理；配制高强混合骨料混凝土的体积砂率宜取40％左右，轻骨料占粗骨料的体积百分率不宜大于50％，否则会出现大量粗骨料上浮现象，特别是泵送轻骨料混凝土，很难克服骨料与浆料之间的相对移动。
选自《LC40轻质高强混凝土技术的研究》Translation：
Both lightweight aggregate concrete, ordinary concrete or heavy concrete, good workability of fresh concrete is the most basic requirement is to ensure the quality of the hardened concrete to achieve a predetermined goal prerequisites. For mixed aggregate concrete, the coarse aggregate is determined by the common composite aggregate and lightweight aggregate, the aggregate components of different density, and so different from the process of forming the concrete pouring, the aggregates denser and larger particles of ordinary aggregate fine aggregate and parcel of their grout sinking, while a smaller proportion of lightweight aggregate, water and other floating, two kinds of aggregate particle motion opposite direction, with a single coarse aggregate density compared to the other conditions being equal, the greater the relative
displacement between aggregates, resulting in segregation of more serious, resulting in the overall mix aggregate concrete specific unevenness.
How to coordinate the combined aggregate liquidity and stability of concrete contradiction between, has been plagued by engineering, technical problems researchers, working at home and abroad on the hybrid nature of aggregate concrete is not much. Wuhan University in this regard had mixed aggregate concrete homogeneity control technology for a more systematic study, from the maximum aggregate size and gradation, mineral admixture, admixtures, fibers, and many other factors mixed aggregate concrete slump, the expansion degree and hierarchical degree of regularity were studied, the results show that the maximum size of lightweight aggregate should generally be less than 20mm, and the best selection of lightweight aggregate gravel type; ordinary the maximum aggregate size should be controlled at below 25mm; pair of lightweight aggregate should be pre-wet process, and the control pretreatment time is not less than 1h; Fly ash is a high-performance mixed aggregate concrete essential component, especially in complex combined with fly ash and slag aggregate concrete work on the mechanical properties and the effect of improving the most reasonable; formulated high strength combined aggregate volume of concrete sand ratio should take about 40%, accounting for lightweight aggregate volume fraction of coarse aggregate should not greater than 50%, otherwise there will be a large number of coarse aggregate floating phenomenon, in particular pumping lightweight concrete, aggregate and difficult to overcome the relative movement between the slurry.
From "LC40 lightweight, high strength concrete technology research"
第二篇
混合骨料混凝土是以轻骨料代替部分普通粗、细骨料，密度介于普通混凝土和轻骨料混凝土之间，强度介于４０～８０ＭＰａ之间的中高强度混凝土，也称为中密度混凝土、特定密度混凝土或改进密度混凝土［１］．混合骨料混凝土提高了轻骨料混凝土的比强度、弹性模量，降低了普通混凝土的体积密度，减小徐变和收缩变形，提高了水泥水化程度．混凝土抗拉强度是影响混凝土开裂性能及耐久性的一项重要指标，一般为抗压强度的１／１０～１／１５左右．目前，国内对于普通混凝土以及轻骨料混凝土抗拉性能的研究较多，但对混合骨料混凝土的研究较少．
选自《混合骨料混凝土劈裂抗拉性能试验研究》
Translation：
Mixed aggregate concrete is lightweight aggregate instead of part of the coarse and fine aggregate, density between normal concrete and lightweight aggregate concrete between strength between 40 ~ 80MPa between high strength concrete, also known as medium-density concrete specific density concrete or improved density concrete [1]. Mixed aggregate concrete improves lightweight aggregate concrete specific strength, modulus of elasticity, reducing the ordinary concrete bulk density, reduced creep and shrinkage, improved hydration degree.
Tensile strength of concrete is the impact of concrete cracking resistance and durability is an important indicator, usually compressive strength of 1/10 to 1/15 or so. At present, the domestic for ordinary concrete and lightweight aggregate concrete tensile properties of more, but the mixed aggregate concrete less studied.
From "mixed aggregate concrete splitting tensile performance experimental study"
中考英语词汇语法专项训练篇 连词与状语从句 一、单项选择（共25小题；共25分） 1. The foreign woman can't speak French Japanese. A. so B. nor C. but D. or 2. It's four years I came to Shanghai. A. before B. when C. since D. as 3. It was a nice meal, a little expensive. A. though B. whether C. as D. since 4. John fell asleep he was listening to the music. A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as 5. You'd better do it your mother did. A. when B. as C. like D. because 6. We have been good friends we joined the same ping-pong team. A. after B. before C. since D. until 7. Help others whenever you can you'll make the world a nicer place to live in. A. and B. or C. unless D. but 8. I hardly knew anything about it you told me. A. since B. after C. until D. when 9. --- How do you like this skirt? --- It's beautiful and it fits me well, I like it very much. A. but B. for C. so D. since 10. --- What do you think of the book Harry Potter? --- I like it very much. It's interesting exciting. A. neither; nor B. not; but C. not only; but also D. either; or 11. Mary was riding her bicycle to the park she was hit by a car. A. when B. after C. until D. since 12. Study hard, you won't catch up with your friends. A. but B. or C. and D. so 13. You should make a good plan you do anything important. A. after B. though C. before D. until 14. My grandfather is very old, he never stops learning. A. than B. though C. but D. unless 15. Henry's mother his father speaks English. They both speak Chinese.
如何区分定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句？（附习题）| 虫虫讲英语 2018-12-02 14:52 「虫虫讲英语」老少咸宜的英语学习号——有时候，语法换一种方式讲，就听懂了。 如何区分定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句，是学生最常问我的问题之一。今天，我们通过青铜、白银、黄金、王者四级难度的例句，一起研究下怎样一眼辨别英语3大从句。 01 概念 3大从句的区别均在于前面两个字：定语、宾语和状语： 知道了这几个概念，这三种从句就很好理解了： >> 定语从句：作定语的从句，做adj.修饰先行词；
在这里，dog “狗子” 是先行词，即“走在定语从句前面的名词”；定语从句 that shits a lot 其中的 that，指 代了前面的 dog，告诉我们这是一条怎样的狗子：拉很多的狗子。 >> 宾语从句：作宾语的从句，放在动词或介词后面； 第一句，宾语从句为普通的陈述句，放在 think 这个动作后面，由连接词 that 引导。 第二句，宾语从句已经改成陈述句语序，原来人讲的话则是一般疑问句Do you let it go “你丫放不放手” ？该从句放在 depend on 的介词 on 后面，一般疑问句由 whether/ if 引导。 >> 状语从句：作状语的从句，给主句增加信息量。 状语从句，是3大从句中比较好记的一种：有个完整的主句，从句是提供更多信息的，比如上述例句告诉我们他为什么养狗。只要熟悉九大状语从句的引导词（← 戳可查看），几乎一眼就能辨别出状语从句。 02 当堂练习 现在，我们一起看几个句子找找感觉。请判断下列句子是定语从句，宾语从句还是状语从句？ >> 青铜 1. If it is fine tomorrow, I will visit you. 2. I helped an old man who lost his way.
那一刻我感受到了幸福 本文是关于初中作文的那一刻我感受到了幸福，感谢您的阅读！ 每个人民的心中都有一粒幸福的种子，当它拥有了雨水的滋润和阳光的沐浴，它就会绽放出最美丽的姿态。那一刻，我们都能够闻到幸福的芬芳，我们都能够感受到幸福的存在。 在寒假期间，我偶然在授索电视频道，发现(百家讲坛)栏目中大学教授正在解密幸福，顿然引起我的好奇心，我放下了手中的遥控器，静静地坐在电视前，注视着频道上的每一个字，甚至用笔急速记在了笔记本上。我还记得，那位大学教授讲到了一个故事：一位母亲被公司升职到外国工作，这位母亲虽然十分高兴，但却又十分无奈，因为她的儿子马上要面临中考了，她不能撇下儿子迎接中考的挑战，于是她决定拒绝这了份高薪的工作，当有人问她为什么放弃这么好的机会时，她却毫无遗憾地说，纵然我能给予儿子最贵的礼物，优异的生活环境，但我却无当给予他关键时刻的那份呵护与关爱，或许以后的一切会证明我的选择是正确的。听完这样一段故事，我心中有种说不出的感觉，刹那间，我仿拂感觉那身边正在包饺子的妈妈，屋里正在睡觉的爸爸，桌前正在看小说的妹妹给我带来了一种温馨，幸福感觉。正如教授所说的那种解密幸福。就要选择一个明确的目标，确定自已追求的是什么，或许那时我还不能完全诠释幸福。 当幸福悄悄向我走来时，我已慢慢明白，懂得珍惜了。 那一天的那一刻对我来说太重要了，原本以为出差在外的父母早已忘了我的生日，只有妹妹整日算着日子。我在耳边唠叨个不停，没想到当日我失落地回到家中时，以为心中并不在乎生日，可是眼前的一切，让我心中涌现的喜悦，脸上露出的微笑证明我是在乎的。
爸爸唱的英文生日快乐歌虽然不是很动听，但爸爸对我的那份爱我听得很清楚，妈妈为我做的长寿面，我细细的品尝，吃出了爱的味道。妹妹急忙让我许下三个愿望，嘴里不停的唠叨：我知道你的三个愿望是什么?我问：为什么呀!我们是一家人，心连心呀!她高兴的说。 那一刻我才真正解开幸福的密码，感受到了真正的幸福，以前我无法理解幸福，即使身边有够多的幸福也不懂得欣赏，不懂得珍惜，只想拥有更好更贵的，其实幸福比物质更珍贵。 那一刻的幸福就是爱的升华，许多时候能让我们感悟幸福不是名利，物质。而是在血管里涌动着的，漫过心底的爱。 也许每一个人生的那一刻，就是我们幸运的降临在一个温馨的家庭中，而不是降临在孤独的角落里。 家的感觉就是幸福的感觉，幸福一直都存在于我们的身边!
英语让步状语从句用法总结（一） 让步状语从句的用法一（表示“虽然，即使，尽管”） 1. although，though，even though，even if都表示“虽然，即使，尽管”之意，though 和although 语气较弱(其中的though 比although 通俗, 不如although 正式)，even if和even though 带有强调意味而显得语气更强。例如：Although they are poor, they are happy. 虽然他们很穷，但很快乐。天气虽然很冷, 但他没有穿大衣就出去了。即使他们可能不会成功，但他们仍努力尝试。那篇文章虽然很短，但很重要。他好一点了，虽仍未痊愈。即使下雨，她也是走着去工作的。今晚我将去拜访他，即使我只能停留一小会儿。 注意：though 引导的让步状语从句的用法比较特殊，它可以倒装，也可以不倒装，具体用法参见as引导让步状语从句的用法。 2. as引导让步状语从句表示“虽然、即使、尽管”，其引导的让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构，as引导的倒装形式的让步状语从句的基本结构为：形容词/副词/名词(单数可数名词前一般不带冠词，有时也可见单数可数名词前形容词与不定冠词连用、形容词放在不定冠词前)/动词/过去分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分。注意体会下列典型例句：Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. 这位作者尽管了不起，到头来却成了一个坏榜样。这个故事看似荒唐，却是真的。虽然他很富有，但他并不幸福。倒装时要省去单个名词前的冠词)尽管还是个孩子，他却能分辨黑白。他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。尽管伤势很重，他仍然十分乐观。虽然尽了最大努力，但是他仍然不能搬动那块石头。 ［考题1］We had to wait half an hour ____ we had already booked a table. A. since B. although C. until D. before ［答案］B ［解析］下划线处之后所述的“我们已经预订了一桌”与前面所述的“我们已经不得不等了半个小时”之间语意相反，四个选项中although表示“即便……”，引导让步状语从句最为合适。 ［考题2］____ most of the earth’s surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious. A. As B. Once C. If D. Although ［答案］D ［解析］句意为：虽然地球表面覆盖着水，但是纯净水仍然很稀有、珍贵。下划线处应引导让步状语从句，填入although最为合适。 ［考题3］____ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although ［答案］D ［解析］下划线处应引导让步状语从句，填入although最为合适。 ［考题4］Although he is considered a great writer, ____. A. his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely read C. however his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read ［答案］A ［解析］英语不允许在连词although、though引导的让步状语从句之后的主句句首重复使用连词，如果要在复合句中强调某种特别的意义，可以在主句的句首加上yet、still等副词。例如：Although she has a lot of money, (yet/still) she is not happy. 虽然她很有钱，但是她并不快乐。
状语从句连词总结 1 时间状语从句： when当……时候 while 当……时候（动词只能是延续性动词） as当……时候（经常表示一边……一边……） after/before在……之后/之前 until/till直到……（即某一持续性行为持续到某一时间点） since/ever since自从……（即子某一时间点以来，常用完成时态或完成进行时） 名词性短语the time the moment the minute the day the year the first/second time each time每次every time每次next time下次any time在任何时候whenever不管什么时候 by the time到……时候（即指到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态） 一……就……as soon as once immediately directly instantly 还没来得及……就……hardly……when no sooner……than as long as长达…… 非时间状语从句：动词ing形式；at……形式；on doing/on sth形式 2地点状语从句 where在哪里，在什么地方 wherever无论在哪里 anywhere无论何处everywhere 到处，处处nowhere 无处，任何地方都无 to/in/from the place（s）where或to/in/from any place where 3原因状语从句 because（语气最强）因为，多置于主句之后 as（语气最弱）因为，多置于主句之前 since语气较弱，常表示对方已知的事实，相当于“既然” now （that）既然 for the reason that因为（that引导的是同位语从句，先行词为reason） in that由于某种原因，多用于书面语 seeing that因为，鉴于 4目的状语从句 in order that以便 so （that）为了 for fear that惟恐，以防 in case以防万一有某种情况发生 5结果状语从句 so （that）所以 so……that……结构 such……that……结构
关于我的幸福作文八篇汇总 幸福在每个人的心中都不一样。在饥饿者的心中，幸福就是一碗香喷喷的米饭；在果农的心中，幸福就是望着果实慢慢成熟；在旅行者的心中，幸福就是游遍世界上的好山好水。而在我的心中，幸福就是每天快快乐乐，无忧无虑；幸福就是朋友之间互相帮助，互相关心；幸福就是在我生病时，母亲彻夜细心的照顾我。 幸福在世间上的每个角落都可以发现，只是需要你用心去感受而已。 记得有一次，我早上出门走得太匆忙了，忘记带昨天晚上准备好的钢笔。老师说了：“今天有写字课，必须要用钢笔写字，不能用水笔。”我只好到学校向同学借了。当我来到学校向我同桌借时，他却说：“我已经借别人了，你向别人借吧！”我又向后面的同学借，可他们总是找各种借口说：“我只带了一枝。”问了三四个人，都没有借到，而且还碰了一鼻子灰。正当我急的像热锅上的蚂蚁团团转时，她递给了我一枝钢笔，微笑的对我说：“拿去用吧！”我顿时感到自己是多么幸福！在我最困难的时候，当别人都不愿意帮助我的时候，她向我伸出了援手。 幸福也是无时无刻都在身旁。 当我生病的时候，高烧持续不退时，是妈妈在旁边细心
的照顾我，喂我吃药，甚至一夜寸步不离的守在我的床边，直到我苏醒。当我看见妈妈的眼睛布满血丝时，我的眼眶在不知不觉地湿润了。这时我便明白我有一个最疼爱我的妈妈，我是幸福的！ 幸福就是如此简单！不过，我们还是要珍惜眼前的幸福，还要给别人带来幸福，留心观察幸福。不要等幸福悄悄溜走了才发现，那就真的是后悔莫及了！ 这就是我拥有的幸福，你呢？ 悠扬的琴声从房间里飘出来，原来这是我在弹钢琴。优美的旋律加上我很强的音乐表现力让一旁姥爷听得如醉如痴。姥爷说我是幸福的，读了《建设幸福中国》我更加体会到了这一点。 儿时的姥爷很喜欢读书，但当时家里穷，据姥爷讲那时上学可不像现在。有点三天打鱼两天晒网，等地里农活忙了太姥爷就说：“别去念书了，干地里的活吧。”干活时都是牛马拉车，也没机器，效率特别低。还要给牲口拔草，喂草，拾柴火，看书都是抽空看。等农闲时才能背书包去学校，衣服更是老大穿了，打补丁老二再接着穿，只有盼到过年时才有能换上件粗布的新衣服。写字都是用石板，用一次擦一次，那时还没有电灯，爱学习的姥爷在昏暗的煤油灯下经常被灯火不是烧了眉毛就是燎了头发。没有电灯更没有电视，没有电视更没有见过钢琴，只知道钢琴是贵族家用的。
一、状语从句分类及常用连词： 类别连词 状语从句when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once, as soon as,etc. 状语从句where,wherever 状语从句because, since, as, for, now that, etc. 状语从句so…that, so that, such…that, that, etc. 状语从句in order that, so that, that, etc. 状语从句if, unless, as(so)long as, etc. 状语从句though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as,etc. 状语从句as…as, so…as, than, etc. 状语从句as, as if, as though, etc. 二、相似连词的用法区别 1.when, while, as, while表时间，从句需用延续性动词，切不可用瞬间动词。 when表时间，从句既可以用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词。 as表时间，与when相似，但侧重强调主从句动作同点或同段进行。 when, while后可以接分词短语。 2.because, as, since, for 语气位置意义 because最强前或后“原因”；表客观因果关系；回答“”as较强前“由于”；把众人所知的事实当作理由since较弱前“既然”；就对方陈述的事实作为理由for最弱后“理由”；对某一事实进行推断的理由 注：上面所说的“前”，指从句在主句之前；“后”，指从句在主句之后。 3.so that, so…that, such…that so that“以便”、“结果”表目的和结果。注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的。无情态动词表结果。 so…that “如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.so+形／副＋that 2.so+形＋a(an)＋单数名词＋that 3.so＋manymuch＋复数名词（不可数名词）+that such…that“如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.such＋a(an)＋形＋名词＋that 2.such＋形＋复数名词／不可数名词＋that
小学生作文《感悟幸福》范文五篇 小草说,幸福就是大地增添一份绿意;阳光说,幸福就是撒向人间的温暖;甘露说,幸福就是滋润每一个生命。下面是为大家带来的有关幸福650字优秀范文，希望大家喜欢。 感悟幸福650字1 生活就像一部壮丽的交响曲，它是由一篇一篇的乐章组成的，有喜、有怒、有哀、有乐。每一个人都有自己丰富多彩的生活，我也有自己的生活。我原本以为，吃可口的牛排，打电脑游戏，和朋友开心玩乐就是幸福。可是，我错了，幸福并不仅仅如此。 记得有一次，我放学回到家里放下书包就拿起一包饼干来吃。吃着吃着，突然我觉得牙齿痛了起来，而且越来越痛，痛得我连饼干也咬不动了。我放下饼干，连忙去拿了一面镜子来看。原来这又是那一颗虫牙在“作怪”。“哎哟哟，哎哟哟，痛死我了……”我不停地说着。渐渐地，那牙疼得越来越厉害，疼得我坐立不安，直打滚。后来在妈妈的陪伴下去了医院，治好了那颗虫牙。跨出医院大门时，我觉得心情出奇的好，天空格外的蓝，路边的樟树特别的绿，看什么都顺眼，才猛然一悟，幸福是简单而平凡的，身体健康就是一种幸福! 这学期我发现我的英语退步了，我决定要把这门功课学好，于是，我每天回
家做完作业后，都抽出半小时时间复习英语，在课上也听得特别认真，一遇到不懂的题目主动请教老师。经过一段时间的努力，终于，在上次考试的时候，我考了97分。妈妈表扬了我，我心里美滋滋的。我明白了经过自己的努力享受到成功的喜悦，这也是一种幸福。 …… 每个人都无一例外的渴望幸福。不同的人有不同的感受，其实，幸福就是那种能在平凡中寻找欢乐、能在困境中找到自信的一种心境。同学们，幸福其实很简单，就在我们的身边，触手可及。用心去认真地品味吧，它一直未曾离开我们身边! 感悟幸福650字2 有的人认为幸福就是腰缠万贯，有的人认为幸福就是找到意中人，“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”是陶渊明对邪恶幸福，“从明天起做一个幸福人，喂马、劈柴、周游世界。从明天起，关心蔬菜和粮食，我有一所房子，面朝大海，春暖花开。”这是海子的幸福。一千种人就有一千种对幸福的理解。 我对幸福的理解就是幸福使简单而平凡的，是无处不在的! 我的牙疼得奇怪而顽强不是这颗牙疼就是那颗牙疼;不是吃冷的疼就是吃热
英语中六大从句用法总结 从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的，但是它不能视为独立的句子，因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组. 按从句的句子功能划分（也就是按从句在句子中所担任的成分来划分），从句可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... *It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that... *It is clear\important\likely\possible that... *It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that... It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
状语从句练习 ( ) 1. I won't believe you___ I have seen it with my own eyes. A. before B. until C. after D. when ( )2.He ___ home ___ she was satisfied ___ his answer yesterday. A.didn't go; until; with B.wasn't go; after; to C. doesn't go; before; with D. didn't go; until; to ( )3. He ___ back until the work ___ done. A. isn't; will be B. isn't; is C. won't be; will be D. won't be; is ( ) 4. They didn't start the work ___ their teacher came back. A. until B. while C. as soon as D. if ( )5. Tom will call me as soon as he ___ Shanghai. A. arrives B. will reach C.arrives in D.get to ( )6. I'm sure he'll come to see me before he ___ Beijing. A. will leave B. is leaving C. leave D. leaves ( )7. Tom has got a watch. He ___ it for two years. It _______ by his father. A. has bought; was bought B. has got; is bought , C. was bought; has bought . D. has had; was bought "' ( )8. When he got to the station, the train ___. A. left B. had left C. leaves D. has left ( ) 9. The boy told his father what he ___ in the street. A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. see ( ) 10. We ___ TV when the telephone ____. A.watched; was ringing B. were watching; rang C. watch; rings D. are watching; rang ( ) 11. I ___ you for a long time. Where ___ you ___? A. didn't see; did; go B. didn't see; have; gone C. haven't seen; have; been D. haven't seen; have; gone ( ) 12. Tom___ China for 3 years. A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has been at ( ) 13. -Hello! May I speak to Bob? -Sorry, but he ___ for a month. A. had been away B. was left C. left D. has been away
关于以幸福为话题的作文800字记叙文5篇 ----WORD文档，下载后可编辑修改---- 下面是作者为各位家长学生收集整理的作文（日记、观后感等）范本，欢迎借鉴参考阅读，您的努力学习和创新是为了更美好的未来，欢迎下载！ 以幸福为话题的作文800字记叙文1： 那是我生病后的第三天，妈妈从早上五点就起来为我准备早点。她蹑手蹑脚地走着“针步”，下楼煮早点，“啪”的一声，妈妈打开了煤气。在拿肉丝，打鸡蛋的她全然不知我正躲在楼梯口“监视”着她的一举一动。不一会儿，蛋炒好了。 她开始切肉丝，一不小心，妈妈的手指切破皮了，鲜血正一滴一滴地流下来，为了不影响我的睡眠，她把手指放在嘴里吸了一下，坚持把剩下的肉丝切完。 此时的我，心中犹如打翻了五味瓶，眼里的泪像断了线的珍珠般掉了下来，我再也忍不住了，一个劲地冲到妈妈面前，她赶紧把手背了过去，生怕让我知道了什么。 她吃惊地问我：“妈妈太吵了，吵到你了?”“不，不，没有”她见我这么早起来就让我再回去补个觉。我关心地问：“妈，你的手没事吧?”她吱唔着说：“没事，擦破点皮，不碍事!”我仔细地帮她清洗了伤口，贴了一片创可贴。 吃饭时，妈妈一直地往我碗里夹肉，“孩子，病刚好，多吃点!”可是我见她始终都没吃一块肉。我也夹了两块放在她的碗里。“儿子懂事了，你自己快点吃吧!补身体要紧!”我冲她点点头笑了笑，“嗯。” 这就是幸福，一份简简单单的幸福!我祈祷这幸福能伴我成长。 以幸福为话题的作文800字记叙文2： 在我眼中，成长就是记录我们长大过程中一点一滴的小事情的，而幸福就在这点点滴滴中。 在我的成长记忆中，永不磨灭的是2017年11月的一天。妈妈要去云南，妈妈早上四点半要到指定地点集合，这么早，妈妈要两三点就起来，可是最近我咳嗽比较严重，所以天天给我煮萝卜汤喝。 “叮铃铃，叮铃铃”闹钟叫了起来，把我从睡梦中吵醒，一醒来，去找妈妈，
状语从句的用法 【真题再现】 1. — Mrs. Li, will you be angry your students don’t obey the rules in class?(2014 山西) — A little. But I will stop them in a friendly way. A. if B. unless C. though 2. jeans were invented over 100 years ago, they're still in fashion today.(2014 江西) A. Because B. If C. Although D. Since 3. The teacher asked me to read aloud all the students could hear me.(2014 滨州) A. so that B. for C. because D. in order to 4. — The air pollution is terrible. (2014 扬州) — It will be worse we take action to protect the environment. A. if B. unless C. until D. when 5. Lin Feng has to work late, she always wears a smile on her face. (2014 南京) A. Because B. If C. Until D. Though 6. In summer milk will quickly go bad it is put into a fridge. (2014 杭州) A. though B. unless C. because D. once 7. I don’t like TV series it’s boring．(2015 青海) A．but B．and C．because 8. Mr. Smith has a habit of taking a shower he has breakfast. (2015 温州) A. though B. before C. because D. since 9．You’d better travel around Nanjing with a local tour guide you want to know more about its culture. (2015 南京) A．unless B．until C．although D．if 10. Pandas are facing danger! The situation won’t change humans stop killing．(2015 南通) A．unless B．though C．if D．after 11. — Jenny, will you leave for the USA now? (2015 常州) — No. It will be two weeks I leave here. A. until B. since C. before D. when 12. my cousin is very young, she can help with the housework.(2015 福州) A. Once; 不填 B. Though; but C. Although; 不填 【答案与解析】 1. A。句意：——李老师，如果你的学生不遵守课堂纪律你会生气吗？——有点儿。但 我会用一种友好的方式去阻止他们。if如果；unless除非；though尽管，引导让步状语从句。 根据句意可知答案为A项。 2. C。句意：尽管牛仔裤在100多年前就被发明出来了，但是它们今天仍然很流行。 because因为；if如果；although尽管；since自从。根据句意可知选择C项。 3. A。句意:老师叫我读大声一点，这样的话，所有的学生都可以听得到。这是一个结果 状语从句，所以排除B、C项；D选项in order to 后面接短语，故选A。 4. B。句意：——空气污染很糟糕。——它将变得更糟糕，除非我们采取行动保护环境。 if如果；unless除非，如果不；until直到；when当……时候。根据语境选B项。
最新整理高中关于幸福的议论文800字范文3篇 范文一 什么是幸福?当我把一个棒棒糖递给六岁的邻居小妹妹时，她满足的笑容告诉我，这是她的幸福。当我轻轻地走过妹妹的写字台时，我瞥见埋在桌上的妹妹的僵硬的表情。我笑笑，走近，她抬头，水汪汪的眼睛望着我，似乎带着某种渴求。我说：出去玩吧!她笑了，蹦蹦跳跳地跑了出去。我诧异，这么真诚的笑。玩耍是她的幸福。 暑假到了，马上面临实习的哥哥回来了。可没过几天，就不见人影了，好容易盼他回来，暑假也结束了。他说他去了内蒙的好多地方。我关切的问他累吗?他说：累啊!随后又骄傲地说：“可是我学会了许多东西，我相信那对我以后的人生路是有帮助的。”我笑，大声地喊：哥，你是我的榜样。在他看来，他的暑假是充实的，他是幸福的! 夜幕降临，繁星点点。隔着一层帘，我看见常年劳作的父亲坐在那里，默默地吸着一支烟。灯光打在他的脸上，我看不清他的表情，只有那斑白的鬓角依稀可见。父亲真的老了，每天早出晚归来支撑这个家，他一定很累了。眼泪盈满了眼眶，最后还是不争气的流了下来……“咳、、咳、、”一阵剧烈的咳嗽声传来。我擦干眼泪，走到父亲旁边，父亲把那支烟熄灭，慈祥的笑笑，说：爸爸老了，不中用了。我说：没有啊!父女两开怀的笑了，笑声混着一个个烟圈飘向远方……我问父亲：爸，这么多年付出，这么多年劳作，你幸福吗?他坚定地告诉我，幸福!他说：“只要你们开开心心快快乐乐地成长，我做的一切都值得。”他又说：“霞，好好读书，爸爸赚钱供你上大学，我还没老呢，至少还能干XX年，20年……然后是一片寂静，我和父亲看着远方，那里有希望。 年迈的姥姥是家里的大长辈，他常常念叨：平安就是福。那也许是经历了人生的酸甜苦辣后的感悟吧!每逢新春，一大家人在姥姥家围着看电视时，那应该是她的幸福吧! 幸福是什么?它不是你一个人拥有一座豪宅，它是一家人在并不宽敞的屋子里谈笑风生。它不是你一个人有拥山珍海味，它是一家人和和乐乐的吃一些普通
状语从句（Adverbial Clause）状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。状语从句的种类 状语从句可分为： 1.时间状语从句；(adverbial clause of time) 2.地点状语从句；(adverbial clause of place) 3.原因状语从句；(adverbial clause of cause) 4.条件状语从句；(adverbial clause of condition) 5.目的状语从句；(adverbial clause of purpose) 6.让步状语从句；(adverbial clause of concession) 7.比较状语从句；(adverbial clause of comparison) 8.方式状语从句；(adverbial clause of manner) 9.结果状语从句。(adverbial clause of result) [编辑本段] 状语从句的时态特点 一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如： I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用will arrive） As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished） If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时，决不可用will come back）状语从句讲解和练习 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如： 1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词) 2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语) 3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house e very day . (不定式) 4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)
阶段测试一 1、She tried hard ___________ she failed. 2、Be quick, _________he’ll be angry. 3、You may _________ do it yourself _______ leave it to me. 4、He could read English ________Japanese well. 5、He didn’t know anything about that ________ he couldn’t tell you. 6、________ you ________ he was here yesterday. They were at the cinema. 7、You can _______eat it at home ________ in the open air. Either is OK. 8、Use your head, _______ you’ll have a way. 9、She’s _______ our teacher _______ our friend. 10、Write to me soon, _______I’ll know a lot about you. 单项选择 1. I asked him _________dog it was. A. whose B. which C. who's D. where 2. They go to concerts of modem music_________ they really like it. A. because B. if C. though D. after 3. Find out_________ they are going this evening and ask_________ may join them. A. whether, that B. where, whether
感受幸福作文(15篇) 感受幸福作文第1篇： 幸福是什么？这是许多同学要问的问题。 很小的时候，我就明白钱能够买来一大盒巧克力；钱能够买来玩具汽车；钱能够买许多的美丽的洋娃娃；钱能够买来一个大楼…… 我以为有钱就是幸福。 倡我错了，钱虽然能够买来一屋子巧克力，但买了甜蜜，钱虽然能买到房子，可是却买来家庭幸福；钱虽然能买来药，可是却买来健康，钱虽然能买来闹钟，可是买来时间……那时，我又明白了有钱必须幸福。 以前，我总是为了一条连衣裙而朝思暮想，盼望有一天能够穿上裙子，去放风筝。那时候，我以为拥有就是幸福。 最终有一天，妈妈给我买了这条连衣裙，我高兴的一宿都没有睡觉。可是几天的新鲜劲没有了，穿上裙子后，我并没有什么改变，依然是一个黄毛丫头。于是把它扔到箱子里。几个月后，我又把它翻出来，可是已经小了，穿下了。我又明白了，虽然裙子很美，但都是暂时的，完美的时光总是转瞬消失。 “幸福是什么？”我依然没有感受到。 几年后，我在街上看到了一对耄耋老人，他们虽然履蹒跚，可是互相搀扶，有时抬头看看天上的云卷云舒，有时望望西天如血的残阳，她们脸上洋溢着的是满足和幸福。 噢，我明白幸福就是真情。虽然他们很穷，可是他们很
相爱。他们彼此珍惜，从感叹世界对他们的公平。往往有的有钱人，他们虽然很有钱，可是他们并幸福，因为他们的心总是被金钱和权势所占据了，根本享受了这天伦之乐。 幸福其实很简单，就是和爸爸、妈妈吃一顿饭，和他在一齐聊聊天。 感受幸福作文第2篇： 夜，悄悄地打开了黑暗，散布着一如既往的宁静，天上的繁星披上了闪装，正对着我的眼，似乎害怕我听到它们之间的悄悄话。 知何时，甘寂寞的虫儿起劲地奏起了动听的乐曲，清凉的微风夹杂着泥土的芳香悄悄地将白天的烦闷与喧嚣赶跑。夜，显得更加宁静而诗意了。 静静的，左思，右想，就这样静静地坐在楼顶上，感受着夜馈赠我的美妙。就连天上偶尔飘过的云朵，也像是怕惊动了夜的宁静，如绒毛在平静水面滑过般，显得那么轻柔而迷人。 今夜独处在空旷的夜空下，感受着夜带给我的美妙，幸福惬意溢满于心。原先自我一向以来苦苦追寻的幸福其实就在自我的身边。 以往，有人努力打拼，渴望生活富裕来获得幸福，可一辈子的艰辛拼搏使自我逐渐沦为金钱的奴隶，苦苦追寻的幸福也越寻越远，最终留给自我的是岁月无情地染白的头发。其实，幸福并非是追寻能得到的，幸福是一种感受，仅有用心感受身边的一切，你就能发现，幸福无处在，譬如，管贫