1.日本，大阪——像许多日本中产阶级一样，小企业主正人华20年前享有的富裕生活为
世人所艳羡。他购买了一套价值50万美元的公寓，时常去夏威夷度假，其座驾是一辆老款的奔驰轿车。
2.但慢慢地，他的生活水平随同日本的整体经济状况一道，逐渐走向崩溃。刚开始时，他
被迫减少了去国外旅行的次数，后来就彻底不去了。随后，他卖掉了奔驰，换了一款更便宜的国产轿车。去年，他卖掉了他的公寓——售价仅为17年前购房款的三分之一，还不及依然背负的按揭贷款。
3.“过去的日本，光鲜且乐观，而现如今的人们不得不静悄悄地压低生活质量，紧缩度日，”
49岁的正人华说。在接受采访时，他要求记者不要披露其全名，因为他依然无力偿付拖欠的11万美元按揭贷款。
4.在近代史中，没有几个国家的经济财富像日本这样，经历了如此惊人的扭转。上世纪
80年代，借助位居史上最大规模之列的股市投机及房产泡沫，日本一举成为第一个挑战西方长期霸权的亚洲国家，谱写了一曲源自亚洲的成功故事。
5.但这些泡沫最终于80年代晚期和90年代初期爆裂，日本旋即陷入了一个缓慢但不间断
的衰落进程，庞大的预算赤字和海量流动性的涌入都无法扭转这一趋势。在迄今差不多一代人的时间里，这个国家一直深陷通货紧缩泥沼（低增长，物价螺旋式下落），不能自拔。在此过程中，这只昔日的经济猛兽已雄风不再，失去了在全球经济中的傲人地位。
6.如今，随着美国和其他西方国家正竭力摆脱债务及其自身的房产泡沫，越来越多的经济
学家将日本当下的黯淡处境视为上述国家的未来走向。甚至在美联储主席伯南克酝酿新一轮非常规措施，以刺激经济之际，对美国和许多欧洲经济体的忧虑依然与日俱增。许多人担心，这些经济体将面临长期的低增长，甚至有可能出现持续的通货紧缩——这是自大萧条以来，在日本之外的主要经济体中所从未见过的一幕。
7.许多经济学家依然颇具信心地认为，美国将避免日本式停滞，这主要是因为美国的政治
制度具有更强的反应性，美国人对于资本主义的创造性破坏具有更大的容忍度。日本领导人先是不愿承认问题的严重性，尔后又花费巨资，修建旨在创造就业的公共工程项目，进而推迟了痛苦但必不可少的结构调整，经济学家说。
8.“美国不是日本，”斯坦福大学经济学教授罗伯特·霍尔（Robert E. Hall）说。“美国
的盘算依然是，我们总能找到促使人们再次支出和投资的办法。”
9.然而，随着减少联邦支出和预算赤字的政治压力日益增强，其他经济学家正在发出警告：
美国需慎防“日本化（Japanification）”——消费者拒绝消费、公司抑制投资，银行坐拥巨额资金，进而导致需求崩溃，驱使经济坠入通缩陷阱，最终演变为一个自我强化的恶性循环：随着物价不断下跌，以及就业机会的消失，消费者进一步收紧了钱袋，公司削减开支，并推迟扩张计划。
10.“美国、英国、西班牙和爱尔兰都在经历日本大约10年前所经历的一幕，”野村证券首
席经济学家辜朝明（RichardKoo）说道。他最近撰写了一本书，谈论日本给予世界各国
的教训。“数百万个人和公司的资产负债表不断缩水，因此，他们正在使用其资金支付债务，而不是举债和支出。”
11.正如同通货膨胀令整整一代美国人伤痕累累一样，通货紧缩已经在日本人身上留下了深
深的烙印，导致代际之间关系紧张，并孕育出了一种悲观主义及宿命论文化，同时也让他们对未来的期许大为降低。尽管就很多方面而言，日本依然是一个富裕的社会，但它面临的形势日益严峻，特别是在经济活力相对较高的东京之外。日本的形势或许也为观察美国和欧洲的未来提供了一个视角，如果最可怕的预测最终实现的话。
大幅回落的雄心
12.日本怀抱的雄心已一落千丈，这一点从东京的街头可见一斑。混凝土制的“蜗居
（microhouse）”很受年青一代的欢迎，这些年轻人甚至无力购买父辈居住的，以空间局促而出名的房屋，工作缺乏保障的他们也无法办理传统的长期贷款。
13.这些火柴盒般大小的房屋坐落在一块块勉强可以停泊一辆SUV的土地上，共有3层，包
括衣柜般大小的卧室、手提箱般大小的衣柜和一个应该属于潜艇的微型厨房。
14.“当一个人对未来感到不安时，他就只能住这样的房子了，”东京“蜗居”制造商Zaus
公司总经理Kimiyo Kondo说。
15.令许多40岁以下的日本人很难理解的是，如今的情势跟上世纪80年代究竟相差多远。
其时，强大且带有威胁意味的“日本公司（Japan Inc.）”似乎打算吞噬整个美国经济——从汽车制造商到超级计算机，美国的各大产业无一不成为其觊觎的目标。日本股市的市值翻了两番，日元也上升至难以想象的高度，日本公司一举成为全球商业的主导者，其战利品包括好莱坞电影公司（环球影业和哥伦比亚影业公司），著名的高尔夫球场（圆石滩）和标志性房地产（洛克菲勒中心）
16.有些经济学家于1991年预测，日本将在2010年之前取代美国，成为世界最大经济体。
事实上，现如今的日本经济跟当时相差无几：按目前汇率计算，其GDP 依然为5.7万亿美元。在此期间，美国经济的规模翻了一番，增长至14.7万亿美元。今年，中国取代了日本作为世界第二大经济体的地位。
17.中国如此彻底地超越了日本，以至于现在的美国学界似乎不愿意为日本费心，美国大学
中曾经人头攒动的日语课堂也已空无一人。甚至连克莱德·普雷斯托维茨（Clyde V.
Prestowitz，曾任里根政府美国贸易谈判代表，他于上世纪80年代撰写的数篇谈论日本威胁论的文章曾激发起华府对日本的警觉）也表示说，他正在学习中文。“我几乎不去日本了，”普雷斯托维茨说。
18.对于日本人来说，经济的持续衰退是他们难以承受的痛苦。日本的公司，以及像正人华
这样的普通百姓已经在股市和房地产市场上丧失了数万亿美元——现在，前者的市值约为1989年的四分之一，而房屋均价则跟1983年的水平没啥两样。鉴于日本现在面临世界最大的政府债务（约为GDP的2倍）、日益减少的人口，以及不断攀升的贫困率和自杀率，这个岛国的未来似乎比如今更为暗淡。
19.但经济衰退对日本最为明显的影响，或许是由此带来的信心危机。仅仅在20年之前，
这还是一个充满能量和野心，活力四射的国度，当时的日本人骄傲到了几近狂妄的程度，一心想在亚洲建立一个基于日元的全新经济秩序。如今，这些直冲云霄的雄心壮志已经被搁在一旁，取而代之的是对未来的倦怠和恐惧，以及几乎令人窒息的屈从情绪。日本似乎变身为一个海边的贝壳，愿意接受淡出世界舞台的宿命。
20.曾经贪婪无比的日本制造商现在似乎准备把一个又一个产业拱手让与饥渴的韩国和中
国对手。曾几何时，衣着光鲜的日本消费者乘坐包机，分赴曼哈顿和巴黎，尽情享受购物之旅。他们现在更常做的事情是，呆在家里，为不确定的未来攒钱，抑或使用优衣库（Uniqlo）这样的折扣品牌创设节俭领域的新趋势。
21.随着这个依然富裕的国家的生活水平逐渐恶化，只了解经济停滞和通货紧缩的年轻一代
当中出现了一种新型的节俭方式。他们不愿购买轿车和电视机等大件商品，选择去美国留学的年轻人也越来越少。
22.日本进取心的缺失在年轻人中表现得尤为明显。因为缺乏老一辈人在写字楼中夜以继日
工作的意愿，这些年轻人常常被世人嘲讽为“草食动物”。他们甚至连好好谈一场恋爱的意愿也没有，许多日本人半开玩笑地说，这正是日本出生率不断下跌的原因所在。“日本人过去被称为经济动物，”化工巨头昭和电工股份有限公司前首席执行官光夫大桥说。
“但不知什么时候，日本已经丧失了它的动物精神。”
23.当记者在数十次采访中，问及采访对象对于日本衰退的看法时，从政策制定者，公司老
板到街头购物者，许多日本人一再提及活力的丧失这一话题。虽然日本面临的问题多多，但社会的迅速老龄化无疑是其中最突出的一个。一个曾经富裕，充满生机的国度突然坠入社会和文化的陈规旧习之中，或许是日本给予当今世界最不详的教训。
24.对于通货紧缩恶魔最经典的解释是，通货紧缩使得个体和企业不愿意花钱，因为对物价
下跌的理性反应是捂紧升值的钞票。但延续了差不多一代人的通货紧缩已经给日本带来了更为深刻的影响，下意识地刻画出日本人看待世界的方式。它让日本人对未来产生了一种积重难返的悲观情绪，并且不敢承受风险，许多人本能地不愿意开支或投资，从而进一步压低了需求和物价水平。
25.“一种新常识出现了：消费者认为买东西或借钱是非理性的，甚至认为这是愚蠢之举，”
曾经对通缩心理学进行过研究的早稻田大学教授和久竹村说。
26.虽然经济衰退的影响在日本经济中随处可见，但相较于相对富裕的东京，这些影响在类
似日本第三大城市大阪这样的区域表现得更加明显。在这座以商业为傲的城市，商家们使出浑身解数，不遗余力地劝诱焦虑得难以自已的购物者再次掏出钱袋。但这些经常表现为价格战的促销手段，最终的作用仅仅是进一步加剧了日本的通缩循环而已。
27.自动售货机以10日元（相当于12美分）的价格销售罐装饮料，餐厅的啤酒售价50日
元，公寓的首月租金仅为100日元，约合1.22美元。甚至婚礼仪式也在促销，一场庆典仪式的折扣价为600美元——还不到10年前一场典型婚礼花费的十分之一。
28.在大阪市一个商业街，商家们最近举行了一个“百元日”活动，即大量商品的售价均为
100日元。即便如此，结果仍差强人意，商家们说。
29.“日本人似乎已经丧失了打扮得漂亮一些的意愿，”63岁的冈亚希子说。自她自己的服
装店于2002年倒闭以来，她一直在一个小服饰店从事兼职工作。
30.有时，甚至在一些不寻常的地方，也能感受到经济活力的丧失。北新地是大阪首屈一指，
具有3百年历史的娱乐区，每当夜幕降临，这里总是流光溢彩，随处可见穿着紧身服装的女招待，在此处的高档俱乐部中谋得一个座位，往往要花费500美元。
31.但过去15年间，时尚夜总会和豪华酒吧的数量已从高峰时的1,200家锐减至480家，
取而代之的是折扣酒吧和连锁餐厅。调酒师说，这些日子里，主顾的成本意识太强了，只管口味，不计花费那一幕已很难见到。
32.“一种特殊的文化或许正在消失，”正在闪闪发光的金色台面上调制鸡尾酒的小田隆夫
说。
33.经历了多年的自满之后，日本似乎正在意识到它面临的种种问题——去年，心怀不满的
选民终止了自民党战后的权力垄断。然而，对许多日本人来说，这或许来得太晚了。日本已经创造了整整一代已经不愿相信自己能够享有稳定工作，生活水平会不断提高（这些曾经被视为与生俱来的权利）的年轻人。
34.24岁的由香里奈表示，物价和工资的下跌似乎未有穷期，是她所了解的唯一一种经济
状况。她平常在折扣店购买衣物，自己做午饭，放弃了出国旅游，想方设法地节省开支。
她说，虽然她这代人的生活依然舒适，但她和她的同辈们总是处于防守态势，为最糟糕的前景做好准备。
35.“我们是竭力生存的一代，”在一家家具店兼职的由香里奈说。
36.日本消费者营销研究所主席松田久一曾经撰写过几本谈论日本消费者的著作。他给20
来岁的日本年轻人取了另一个名称：消费憎恶者。松田久一预计，当这一代人活到60来岁时，他们的节俭习惯将使日本经济损失4,200亿美元的消费额。
37.“在这个世界上，还从未见过哪一代人像他们这样，”松田久一说。“这些家伙总认为，
花钱是傻瓜才会干的事情。”
38.通货紧缩也对商人们产生了影响，迫使他们启动创新思维，找到在这样一个物价和利润
只会下降，不会上升的经济体中生存下去的新方式。
39.喜则亚美是大阪的一位房产中间商。同日本的其他地区一样，这座城市的土地价格在过
去19年的大多数时间里一直呈现下行趋势。喜则亚美说，生意太难做了。在这个几乎注定亏损的市场上，几乎没有买家和卖家，因为大多数屋主所背负的贷款比房屋的现有价值还要高。
40.几年前，喜则亚美想出了一个打破僵局的办法。他创建了一家公司，指导屋主使用一个
精心设计的法律花招，先宣布个人破产，以抹去购房时背负的贷款，然后将其“出售给”
一位亲戚，由后者办理小额度贷款，支付价格显著缩水的房价，这样他们依然可以居住在原来的房屋内。
41.“要是通货膨胀再次出现，这类生意或许就没必要做了，”喜则亚美说。他所说的通货
膨胀是通货紧缩的反面，即物价持续上涨。“我已经等待了20年，翘首企盼通货膨胀早日归来。”
42.本文开头提及的那位小企业主正人华，就是他的客户之一。正人华以大约18.5万美元
的价格，将其4居室的公寓出售给了一位亲戚，他15年前购置这套公寓时花了50多万美元。他说，他还在考虑是否宣布个人破产，以勾销掉他依然欠银行的11万美元债务。
43.经济学家表示，通货紧缩自我加强的原因之一是，它驱使公司，以及类似正人华这样的
个人削减成本，卖掉他们业已拥有的财物，以谋得生存，而不是购买新货物或投资。
44.“通货紧缩破坏了资本主义经济体维持增长所需的冒险意愿，”东京庆应义塾大学经济
学教授竹森俊平说。“创造性破坏被破坏性破坏所取代。”
Reference Keys Unit 2 Establishing Business Relations 学学练练 I. 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. h 6. f 7. e 8. g II. 1.供你方参考 2. 期望，盼望 3. 供应中 4. in the hope of/that 5. establish business relations 6. fall within the scope of III. 1. desirous to 2. in the line of 3.give you a general idea 4. covering 5. in the market 6.refer to 7.be informed IV. 1. appreciate 2. in, for 3.upon 4. to 5. informed 6. with 7.enclosed 8. in 9. desire 10. for 实操练习 I. 1.Through the courtesy of ABC company, we have your name and address. 2. We would like to inform you that we could supply various types of men’s leather shoes. 3. We have established business relations with more than 50 countries in the world, on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and exchange of needed goods。 4. Specializing in the export of Chinese bicycles, we express our desire to trade with you in this line. 5. In order to promote business between us, we shall airmail you some samples for your reference. 6. We enclose a copy of catalog and a sampl e and are sure that you will be satisfied
II) Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right 1. motivation 2. pursue 3. mark up 4. procurement 5. intangible 6. cargoroyalty 商务英语阅读习题（一） I) Comprehension 1. What is international trade? 2. What are the major motivations for private firm to operate international business? 3. What measures do most companies usually adopt to avoid wild swings in the sales and profits? 4. Pleas give the four major modes chosen by most companies when entering into international trade. 5. Could you find any difference between Direct Investment and Portfolio Investment? If you can, please tell the main reasons. 6. What is MNE? What are its synonyms? 7. What limits a firm's sales? A. to make continual efforts to gain sth. B. the action of obtaining, esp. by efforts of careful attention. C. which by is its nature can not be known by senses, not clear and certain, not real. D. the goods (freight) carried by a ship, plane or vehicle. E. the amount by which a price is raised. F. profit, interest- G. the net value of assets or interest, invest. 8. equity 股本，资产净值 H. not needing other things or people, taking decisions alone. 9. yield I. a share of the profits. 10. independent J. need or purpose. 2. A 3.E 4.B 5. C 6.D 7.1 8.G 9.F 10.H HI) Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below and if necessary, put the word in the right form. A. orientation B. diversify C. seek out D. differentiate...from E. take advantage of F. undergo G. bring about H. correspond L abandon J. amount to K. Come after L. approach 1. That factory is trying to B its products to sell in different markets. 2. A successful businessman is always skilled in E every possible opportunity. 3. Reforming and opening to the world has G great changes in our lives. 4. Can you D this kind of operating the others? 5. Private firm going in for international business have a profit A 6. He I his company and family and went away with all the money. 7. The L of winter brings cold weather. 8. The manager's words J a refusal to the proposal.
BEC商务英语高级真题及答案(5) In the last few years, managers throughout industry have seen more changes than many of them could have expected to see in their entire working lives having to communicate information which often leads to feelings of insecurity has become a key activity. From being regarded as relatively unimportant in many companies , management employee communication has become a central corporate need. Concordia International provides a good example of a company that has adjusted well to the changing needs for communication . since 1995 , Concordia has been turned inside-out and upside-down, to ensure that it is a marketing –led, customer-responsive business, one that looks outwards at customers and competitors, rather than inwards at its own processes and the way things were done in the past. In the last eight years, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than 80.000 people - or 35% -on a voluntary basis, with further downsizing anticipated. From being an engineering company, Concordia is now remaking itself as a service company. The role of employee communication in such a context is to build people’s self-confidence, to persuade them that, although it is inevitable that the changes will go ahead, they also bring with them new opportunities for employees. However, this is not an easy task. People tend to be skeptical of these claims and to feel that they are losing touch with the company they have worked for over many years. This is understandable, since many of the old certainties are being swept away , including the core activities of the company they work for. Above all , they have had to face up to the fact that they no longer have a job for life. Research indicates that people respond to this predicament in a variety of ways. The bulk of employees fall into two main categories in terms of their response to the
UNIT ONE Ⅰ. 1. 世界贸易组织2.国际商会3. 联合国贸易和发展会议4. 世界银行5.国际货币基金组织6. 中华人民共和国商务部7. 中国国际贸易促进委员会8. 中华人民共和国海关总署9. 国家质量监督检验检疫总局Ⅱ.（F）（T）（T）（F）（F） （T）Ⅲ. ( 4 ) A. Gree air conditioner( 6 ) B. Dengcun Green Tea( 3 ) C. soy bean( 2 ) D. mineral （F） Ⅱ. .（F） （F） （T） ore ( 5 ) E. paintings( 7 ) F. construction equipment( 8 ) G. medicine( 1 ) H. T-shirt Ⅳ. 1．AC2009 is our newly developed product, it is of superior quality, fashionable design and reasonable price. 2. 500 metric tons is the biggest amount we can supply at present. 3. We have received the sample which you sent to us last Friday and we are satisfied with the sample quality. 4. If the quality of the first consignment is satisfactory，we will place a repeat order in large quantity. 5. The landed quantity instead of the shipping quantity shall govern. Ⅱ.1.用铁桶装，每桶净重190公斤。2.用纸箱包装，每箱装四盒，每盒大约9磅。每件商品都必须蜡封并用纸进行包装。 3.商品采用中性包装，买方的标签必须在装船月前45天送达卖方。 4.用聚丙烯编织袋包装，每袋50公斤，以毛代净。每袋包装上必须用英文标注商品名称、重量、原产国、包装日期。 5.用新的单层麻袋包装，每袋净重100公斤。麻袋必须足够结实以适应野蛮装卸和海洋运输。Ⅲ. 1．How will you pack the goods we ordered?2. I’m afraid the carton is not strong enough for ocean transportation.3. We will transfer your suggestions on packing to our supplier.4. According to normal practice, the packing charge shall be borne by the buyer.5. Do your nation’s customs have any special requirement and regulations on wooden packages?Ⅳ. .(F)(T)(F)(T)(T) UNIT FOUR Ⅰ. (T)(F)(T)(T)(F)(F)(F)(T)(T) (F)Ⅱ. 1. 卖方必须提供与合同相符的货物和商业发票或与发票具有同等效力的电子数据。2．买方必须自付费用订立指定装运港运送货物的合同。3．卖方必须在约定的日期或期限内，在指定的装运港，按照该港习惯方式，将货物交至买方指定的船只上。4．买方必须支付任何装运前检验的费用，但出口国有关当局强制进行的检验除外。5．卖方必须支付将货物运至指定的目的所需的运费和费用。但交货后货物灭失或损坏的风险，以及由于各种事件造成的任何额外费用，即由卖方转移到买方。UNIT FIVEⅠ 1. 报价，产于泰国、孟加拉国的新鲜土豆，每公吨750美元FOB吉大港。 2. 我方可提供散装腰果，每公吨800美元FOB美国纽约。3 . 商品目录表中的每件商品都没有最低订货数量，但是每个订单的金额不得少于200美元，不包括运输成本，税费和增值税。4. 我们对于金额超过1 000美元或每个式样、颜色、尺寸的数量都超过30件的订单都给予5%的折扣，不包括运输成本，税费和增值税。5. 以非美元货币所进行的报价，以报价时的汇率为准，除非另有规定，如果发票日的汇率不同则价格应相应上下浮动。 Ⅱ.Calculation1. The buyer from Hong Kong agrees to purchase from the seller in Shanghai 1,000 sets of tool kits at HK$80.00 per set CIF Hong Kong. The insurance is arranged to cover All Risks (Rate=0.5%) at 110% of the invoice value of the purchase. Work out how much it is in HK dollars CFR Hong Kong. FOB = CIF－I－F I = CIF×(1＋10%)×0.5% = 0.44 F = 3 FOB = 79.56 2.Convert US$ 50 per case CIF New York into CFRC5 New York. (The insurance is arranged to cover All Risks
Dear Sirs, We obtain your name and address from the internet, and we are writing you in the hope of establishing direct business relations with you. We’re one of the importers of Beddings with years’of experience in this line. At present, we’ll be pleased to get the samples for your bed-sheets. Thank you for your cooperation. Yours sincerely, \\ 2 Dear Sirs, Your company has been introduced to us by FMC Company, Sydney, Australia, who has informend us that you are interested in electric goods . As we have been in this line for years, we are writing you in the hope of establishing business relations with you. In order to give you a rough idea of our products available for export at present, we are sending you under separate cover the latest catalogues. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours faithfully Dear Sirs, We learn from the internet that you are in urgent need of a large quantity of Children’s Sport Shoes. We’re writing you in the hope of entering into long-term business relations with you. We have been handling the export of various kinds of textiles and shoes for many years, and our products are very popular in the American and European markets for their good quality and reasonable prices. We also have kept close connections with the local shoe manufacturers, and can ensure the steady source and quality. In order to give you a rough idea of our products, we are sending you our latest catalogues and price lists for Children’s Sport Shoes for your reference. If you are interested in any of the items, please let us know. We await your early reply. Yours faithfully,
全国职业能力测评考试 高级商务英语模拟试题（一） 第一部分模拟试题 I．In each of the following questions and select a different 1．A、bread B、dream C、lead D、team 2．A、hole B、none C、old D、fold 3．A、house B、south C、touch D、mouth 4．A、bush B、must C、rub D、truck 5．A、ease B、mean C、head D、heat II.The following example from the sentence chosen the right answer 6 、Adults sometimes envy children who play all the time they themselves have to work.rain or shine. A、while B、once C、since D、though 7、Talking to foreigners is fun if you the right time and place. A、locate B、consider C、choose D、decide
8、A person with the blood type AB can any type of blood. A、apply B、recognize C、receive D、absorb 9、In a second-hand bookshop ,Billy came across a book which he thought was certainly a edition. A、rare B、scarce C、seldom D、hardly 10、The red color can stimulate all our ,including appetite. A、thoughts B、worries C、senses D、desires 11、While I was waiting for her ,I killed time looking in the show windows. A、by B、with C、in D、over 12、Mrs.London has that she is unable to get a job. A、such small education B 、so little education C、a such little education D、a so small education 13、I come yesterday ,but I could not. A、was to have B、must C、ought D、have to 14、He treats it a request for information. A、for B、as C、like D、by 15、They promised each other when they went to work. A、get in touch with B、getting in touch with C、to get in touch with D、to get touch with 16、She was too shy to speak . A、in public B、in the public C、in a public D、at public 17、I often thought of my childhood, I lived on a farm. A、when B、which C、where D、who 18、I don’t like this hat.Please show me . A、another B、the other C、others D 、both 19、They shopping,when someone knocked at the door. A、are about to B、are to go C、were about to go D、were to go 20、He gained his by printing of famous writers. A、wealth; work B、wealthy ; works C、wealthy; work D、wealth;works III.The following example from the short space select the right answer Nobody wants to be 21 .Unfortunately our bodies can 22 problems.When we aren’t 23 ,our bodies tell us .Sometimes a part of our bodies hurts. When a part of our bodies 24 ,we say we have aches and pains. We can have aches and pains in 25 parts of the body. We call some simple 26 proplems“aches”.For example, we can have a headache,a toothache,an earache,a backache or a stomachache.Other simple problems are not 27 aches,so we describe them in different ways. For example,we can 28 a sore throat,a sore leg ,a sore toe. “Pain”is another word that we use to 29 a problem.We can have a pain in the chest, a pain in the shoulder or a pain 30 the back.A pain is strong. Also, a pain hurts in a specific place. When aches and pains aren’t too31 ,we can buy medicine in the drugstore . Usually small aches go away 32 .When pain is more serious ,we 33 to visit the doctor(or the dentist).The doctor asks us what our 34 are.The doctor may have to do tests or take Xrays to 35 what is wrong .Then he or she will tell us what to do. 21、A、sleep B、bad C、cold D、sick
Chapter 8 Learning Aims 学完本章，学生应能： 1．识别装船指示和装船通知； 2．熟悉一些模具产品名称； 3．掌握装运方面信件的结构以及相关术语和表达方式； 4．学会案例分析，并撰写与装运相关的信函。 Background Information 在国际贸易中，在装运前，买方通常把他们的装运需求发送给卖方，告知他们包装和标志，运输方式等，此为装运指示。 卖方在装运货物后应立即向买方发送装船通知，告知他们装运情况。装船通知通常包含以下内容： （1）预计出发时间；预计到达时间 （2）装船货物 （3）船名 （4）集装箱号 （5）铅封号 （6）所附单证 装运当事人有三方，即货主，承运人和收货人。 提单可被看作为货物收据、运输合同证明和物权凭证。 Letter 1
李友
Letter 2 Letter 3 Letter 4
Letter 5 Letter 6
Exercises I．Fill in the following blanks. 1. importance; urgent; advance; co-operation 2. circumstances; compelled; an alternative/alternatives; 3. extended; expired 4. pleasure; informing 5. in duplicate II．Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1．我们很高兴在此通知，贵方所订的车灯模具已由“魅力”号货轮发出，将于5月15号抵达宁波。 2．我们很奇怪至今尚未收到于8月1号所订的螺钉，我方客户要求予以解释，因为他们急需此批货物。 3．由于交货长期延误，给我们带来不便。我们要求立即发货，否则，我们将不得不按合同规定取消订单。 4．请尽快安排装运我方所订的货物。 5．这艘货船将于7月20号左右驶往上海。 III．Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Upon receipt of the L/C, please effect shipment of the goods booked by us as soon as possible. 2. We are informed by ABC shipping company that S.S. “Beauty” is due to sail from your city to our port on or about 6th this month. 3. We are very much obliged for your kind cooperation. 4. We hope that these goods will reach you in time and turn out to your entire satisfaction. 5. We are in urgent need of the goods and have to request you to ship them without any further delay.
BEC商务英语高级阅读真题 The Negotiating T able You can negotiate virtually anything. Projects, resources, expectations and deadlines are all outcomes of negotiation. Some people negotiate deals for a living. Dr Herb Cohen is one of these professional talkers, called in by companies to negotiate on their??behalf . He approaches the art of negotiation as a game because, as he is usually negotiating for somebody else, he says this helps him drain the emotional content from his conversation. He is working in a competitive field and needs to avoid being too adversarial. Whether he succeeds or not, it is important to him to make a good impression so that people will recommend him. The starting point for any deal, he believes, is to identify exactly what you want from each other. More often than not,
Key (练习答案) Unit 6 Jewelry Reading I Exercise II 1. c 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. d III 1. accumulate 2. brilliant 3. choosy 4. malicious 5. bachelor 6. destined 7. odd 8. communion 9. intuition 10. fulfill IV 1. infect 2. was destined 3. joke about 4. to do with 5. takes her time 6. were to 7. in his stead 8. edge to her voice 9. fell apart 10. won’t be cut out for V 1. shortly 2. It’s very odd 3. choosy 4. in my stead 5. in communion with 6. be destined never to see each other again VI 1.revel 1) vt. to make known (something previously secret or unknown)揭示；揭 露；泄露 . The investigation has revealed some serious faults in the system. 2) vt. to show or allow sth. to be seen 展现;显露出 . The curtains opened, to reveal a darkened stage. [相关词] revealing adj. allowing parts to be seen which are usually kept covered 暴露的；裸露的 . a very revealing dress revelation n. the making known of some secret 展示；揭露；显露 . The revelation of his scandalous past led to his resignation. revelations n. (宗教)启示录 [相关搭配] reveal a scandal 揭露丑闻 reveal the inside story (of) 揭开内幕 reveal a secret 揭开秘密 reveal the objective laws 揭示客观规律 a. Her biography revealed that she was not as rich as everyone thought. b. A joke can be very revealing of what someone’s really thinking. c. He still did not reveal what he felt about me. 2. accumulate vi./ vt. to collect or grow into a mass积累；积聚 . A thick layer of dust had accumulated in the room.
Unit 13 The Business of Making Money Exercises 1. Questions on the text: 1)What are the latest developments in private equity in recent years Compared to the 1980s, the targets of today’s private equity groups are much bigger in size. In recent years, the private equity industry has raised record money and its share of mergers and acquisitions has grown massively. The industry has also become a byword for money-making skills but its wealth has also brought many enemies. 2)According to the article, what are the main inconveniences for a company to be a publicly quoted company The main inconveniences for a publicly quoted company include: its executives have to face intrusive media coverage; it has to obey strict and long corporate-governance codes; it also has to face the threats of activist investors and short sellers and the scrutiny by some politicians. 3)What are the main reasons for a company to get listed on a stockmarket Traditionally there are three main reasons to get a company’s share listed on a stockmarket. The first is to raise capital, either to expand the business or to allow the founders to realise their wealth. The second is to help retain staff, who can be offered share options as an incentive to stay and work hard. The third involves prestige; customers, suppliers and potential employees may be reassured (and attracted) by the apparent seal of approval given by a public listing. Meanwhile, being publicly listed gives a company better access to fund investors and retail investors. 4)Why are companies in the Anglo-Saxon economies reluctant to borrow from banks Companies in the Anglo-Saxon economies were reluctant to borrow from banks because their often felt nervous about the possibility of the sudden withdrawal of credit from the banks, due to a change in lending policy, new management or an economic downturn. 5)According to the article, what are the main sources for today’s companies to raise money (including equity capital and debt) Nowadays the main sources for companies to raise money are: first, equity market; second, banks, though much less important than they used to be; third, bond market; fourth, private equity. 6)How do private-equity firms respond to the problems identified by Professor Jensen with regard to public companies Professor Jensen argued that the structure of a public company creates an inherent conflict between investors and the managers they hire to run the business, particularly with regard to the use of free cash flow. He also argued
商务英语(BEC)考试高级阅读真题及答案题目 PART ONE Questions 1 – 8 Look at the statements below and at the five reports about companies onλ the opposite page from an article giving advice to self-employed consultants about negotiating fees for their services. Which book (A, B, C,D or E) dose each statement 1 –8 refer to ?λ For each statement ! – 8, make one letter (A, B, C,D or E) on your Answerλ Sheet . You will need to use some of these letters more than once .λ Example : 0 Lack of self-confidence will put you at a disadvantage in a negotiation . 0 A B C D E 1. This company has been involved in diversifying its business activities. 2. Although this company is doing well, it has a number of internal difficulties to deal with 3. This company has reduced the profits it makes on individual items 4. One statistic is a less accurate guide to this company’s performance than another 5. The conditions which have helped this company are likely to be less favourable in the future 6. This company’s share price has been extremely volatile over the last twelve months 7. This company is likely to be the subject of a takeover bid in the near future 8. This company’s performance exemplifies a widely held belief A