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英语四级词汇部分近义词辨析

英语四级词汇部分近义词辨析
英语四级词汇部分近义词辨析

英语四级词汇:近义词深度辨析

1. able, capable, competent

able为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,一般下效率无关,用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark.

capable 指满足一般要求的能力,可以是表现出来的,也可是潜在的,搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定语,表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. He is a very capable doctor.

competent 指“胜任”,“合格”,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases.

2. aboard, abroad, board, broad

aboard 在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.

abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.

board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.

broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very broad shoulders.

3. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attain

accomplish表成功,强调完成的结果而不是过程。如:Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. (由于他的努力,事情都已完成了。)

complete 表示积极的完成,更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet? (他的小说写完了吗?)

finish 最常用,后接动词的-ing形式,表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步或阶段。如:I’ll finish the job alone. (我要独自完成这项工作。)

achieve 完成,实现,强调通过努力而达到目的。如:You will achieve success if youwork hard.

Attain达到,实现,常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.

4. accurate, correct, exact, precise

accurate准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该是准确的。)

correct“正确的”,指符合一定的标准或准则,含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect, wrong.

exact“精确的”,“恰好的”,比“大体上正确”更进一步,表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。

precise强调“精确”,“精密”。

5. accuse, charge, sue

accuse 指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.

charge 常与with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.

sue 常与for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.

6. achieve, acquire, require, inquire

achieve(成功地)完成,实现。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努力工作,将会一事无成。)

acquire取得,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得知识)

inquire打听,询问。如:inquire a person’s name(问一个人的姓名)

require需要。如:We require more help. (我们需要更多的帮助。)

7. act, action, deed

act 用作名词时,与action, deed均可表“行为”,“举动”。Act指时间较短的个人行动或行为,强调结果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (农夫在孩子们正偷他的苹果时把他们抓住了。)

action较正式,往往指不止包含一个步骤,且持续时间较长的行为或行动,强调行为的过程。如:Actions are more important than words. (行动比语言更重要。)

deed为正式用语,多指伟大的,显著的,感人的行为。如:They thanked him for his good deeds. (他们感谢他做的好事。)

8. actual, true, real, genuine

actual 意为“实际的”,“现实的”,指所形容的事物在事实上已经发生或存在,而不是仅在理论上可能发生或存在的。

true“真实的”,指与实际相符,而非虚假。

genuine “真的”,“非冒充的”,“货真价实的”,强调正宗而非冒牌。

9. adequate, enough, sufficient

adequate 足够的,指数量多,适合需要的数量。

enough足够的,指数量多,足够满足某种目的或愿望。

sufficient同enough,常可互换使用。但sufficient指数量多,足够满足某种需要,在口语中常用enough,在书面语中常用sufficient,在不易肯定时多用enough。.

Enough可放在被修饰名词后,且可作副词,sufficient则不可这么用。

10. admit, confess

两者都表“承认”。

admit指大胆地承认以前试图不论或推诿的坏事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window. (约翰已承认打破了窗玻璃。)

confess常指承认错误,罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime to the police. (小偷向警察承认了罪行。)

11. advice, advise

advice劝告(名词)。如:I want to give you some advice.

advise劝告(动词)。如:What do you advise me to do?

12. adopt, adapt

adopt (1)收养。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他们自己没有孩子,所以决定收养一个小女孩。)(2)采纳,采用,通过。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。)

adopt与adapt词形相近,后者的意思是“使适合”,“改编”等.

13. advance, proceed, progress

均可表“前进”。

advance表向一个特定的目的地,在一定的时间或空间内稳定地向前运动。如:Napoleon’s army advanced on Moscow. (拿破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进。)

proceed强调从一处向另一处的运动,常表停顿后继续前进。如:They proceeded from London to Paris. (他们从伦敦往巴黎前进。)

progress 多表自然过程,指生长,发展等稳定地或循环往复地前进。如:The year is progressing, it will soon be summer. (光阴似箭,很快又是夏天了。)

14. advantage, benefit, profit

advantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受过良好的教育对他十分有利。)

profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year? (你去年赚钱了吗?)

benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人从这家企业中并不获益。)

16. advise, convince, persuade

均可表“劝说”。

advise表建议,规劝某人应该做某事或如何做。如:He advised me to put my money in the bank. (他劝我把钱存入银行。)

convince指向某人陈述事实,运用推理或逻辑证明使某人信服。如:We convinced Smith to go by train rather than plane. (我们说服了史密斯乘火车而不乘飞机前往。)

persuade指用感情说服某人去做某事。如:I persuaded him to go back to work. (我说服他回去工作了。)

17. affect, effect

affect影响(动词)。如Smoking affects health.

effect效果,影响(名词)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.

18. afford, provide, supply

都有“提供,供给”的意思。

afford一般只用于抽象事物。

provide 和supply意思相同,两个词都和with连用,构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。

19. agree, consent

agree 为常用词。如:Do you agree to the condition? (你同意这个条件吗?)

consent为正式用词,多用于上下级的关系,表示同意别人的要求或请求。如:Did the king consent to your plan?(国王同意你的计划吗?)

20. aid, help, assist

用作动词均可表“帮助”。

aid为正式用词,help最常用。

assist最正式,表示协助某人做某事,尤指在体力上或具体事务上帮助和扶持。如:She employed a woman to assist her with the housework. (她雇了一名妇女帮她做家务。)

21. alive, living, live

alive 指虽有死的可能,但仍活着,一般只作表语。

living可用于人或物,作定语时可前可后。

live只做前置定语,用于动物和个别事物前。

22. almost, nearly

一般说来,almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“开始”、“完成”(目标)等。

在all, every, always 前,两者都可用。如:He is almost (nearly) smoking. (他几乎每天抽烟。)

almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 连用,而nearly却不能。如:Almost no one believed her. (几乎没人相信他。)

23. alone, lonely

alone只表“独自”的客观状态,没有感情色彩,只作表语;

lonely表“孤独”,:“寂寞”,能作定语和表语。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人时,她就感到寂寞。)

alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone须置于被修饰词之后,only往往置于被修饰词前。如:He alone (Only he) can remember the story. (只有他才能记起这段经历。)

24. already, all ready

already已经(副词)。如:The plane had already landed before we got to the airport.

all ready准备好的(作表语)。如:We were all ready to leave when the telephone rang.

25. alter, change

作不及物动词时,两者可通用。

作及物动词时,alter是对局部,表面的改变,而change则是对本质的,全面的,彻底的改变。如:Can you alter the dress? (你会改做这件衣服吗?)Can you change the dress?(你能给我更换这件衣服吗?)

26. altogether, all together

altogether总计,总共。如:Altogether there are six of us. (我们总计六人。)

all together 全都在一起。如:We played the game all together. (我们大家都一起来玩游戏吧。)

27. amaze, astonish, surprise

都可作及物动词,意思相近,一般都是以事物作主语,人称作宾语。

amaze强调“使惊讶”,有时还有“惊叹”,“佩服”等意。

astonish表示“使大吃一惊”,“几乎使人无法相信”之意。

surprise只表“出乎意料之外”。

28. announce, declare

announce指宣布公众期望或与公众有关的事情,含有预告的意味。如:The government announced that they would pay their debts. (政府宣布将偿还债务。)

declare指正式负责地宣布,声明,通常用于庄重的场合。如:The judge declared him

guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。)

29. annoy, bother, trouble, disturb

annoy指外界的干扰令人讨厌或无法忍受,或指某人故意去妨碍别人。

bother打扰,麻烦,指给人行动带来不便或身心上带来痛苦。如:May I trouble you with a few questions?

disturb打扰,扰乱,指使正常秩序或一时的安定受到破坏,精力一时不能集中。如:I am sorry to disturb you.

30. answer, reply, respond

用作动词,都可表“回答”,“答复”。

answer是常用词,后可接letter(回信),question(回答问题),doorbell(开门),telephone(接电话),advertisement(应征广告)等。

reply较正式,一般只作不及物动词,可与to连用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的问题。)

respond作“回答”解,用得较少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了问题。)

另外,respond还可表“对……反应”,“响应”。

31. appreciate, enjoy

appreciate指对事物有深刻的理解能力并能鉴赏。

enjoy是一般用语,仅指感官或智力上的满足,“享受”的意味较强。

32. approve, prove

approve

(1)赞成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting time.(我不赞成浪费时间。)

(2)批准,通过。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准建筑计划。

prove和approve词形相似,prove是“证明”,“表明是”等。

33. argue, debate, dispute

argue着重“说理”,“论证”,“企图说明”,且后可接that引导的从句。

debate着重双方各自陈述理由,尤其是“公开地”、“正式地”辩论。如:The subject was hotly debated.

dispute着重就分歧进行热烈的“争论”,含有“相持不下”或“未得到解决”的意味。如:He disputed with his wife on household expenses.

34. arise, rise

arise表无形的东西(如困难,问题等)“出现”,“发生”。

rise指具体事物的“上升”,“升起”,也是不及物动词。如:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东边升起。)

35. assure, ensure, insure

assure以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定会发生,后需连用人称代词或指人的名词作宾语。

ensure表普通的“保证”。

insure表“保险”,有时同ensure可以换用。

36. awaken,awake, wake, waken

都可作动词。

awaken 及物,带抽象含义,“使觉醒/觉悟,唤醒”

awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。

wake常指“睡醒”,多为不及物动词。

waken多用作及物动词,常指“吵醒”,“惊醒”。

37. await, wait

await是及物动词。如:I await your further instructions.

wait“等”、“等候”,是不及物动词,后常接介词for。如:I will wait for you at the school

gate.

38. award, prize, reward

award, reward作动词。award意为“授予(奖品,奖金等)”,后面可跟双宾语;reward意为“报酬”,“酬谢”,只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。

award, prize, reward作名词时,award常指奖金,奖品;prize多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所赢得的奖;reward则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。

39. base, basis

base表事物的下部的底部,多用于具体事物。

basis多用于比喻,主要指命题的基础。如:His ideas have no basis in reality.(他的意见缺乏现实基础。)

40. beside, besides

beside在……旁边。如:Come and sit beside me.

besides除……之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one.

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