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阅读基本功难句过关（王若平）第一部分难句分类辨析第一章定语从句定语从句的修饰对象一直是阅读中经常遇到而难以把握的问题，定语从句的关系词究竟修饰上文中的哪个单词、短语或整个句子，一要靠语言知识，二要根据上下文进行逻辑判断。
定语从句有限定性和非限定性之分。
此外，定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等关系。
But he did not talk at length about the matter, which was not considered by the White House to be a particularly important question. (说明原因)他没有详细地谈这件事，因为白宫没有把它看作是个特别重要的问题。
Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist. (假设)如果认为理性知识可以不从感性知识得来，他就是一个唯心主义者。
So my chances of getting to revolutionary China are pretty slim, although I have not given up y efforts to get a passport, that will enable me to visit the countries of Socialism. (目的)因此，我到革命的中国的希望相当小了，然而我并没有放弃努力来争取一张护照，使我得以访问社会主义国家。
He insisted on buying a car, which he could not afford and had no use for. (表让步)他坚持要买辆轿车，尽管他买不起，而且也不需要。
1. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries; the growth of knowledge followeda kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.要点：从内容上分析，which修饰“the growth of knowledge”图书馆的出现使教育的发展成为可能，而教育的发展又反过来使图书馆不断扩大充实。
2010年12月英语四六级考试长难句翻译练习(13)1. He enjoys the liberties hard won over centuries by thealliance of philosophic genius and political heroism, consecrated by the blood of martyrs (烈士) ; he is provided with comport and leisure by the most productive economy ever known to mankind; science has penetrated the secrets of nature in order to provide him with the marvellous, life like electronic sound and image reproductions he is enjoying.2. Each highbrow did and does congratulate himself on being unique in his unlikeness to other men; and conversely each lowbrow now congratulate himself on being in some mystical way unique in his likeness—on being, so to say, outstandingly average and extraordinarily ordinary.3. As for the lowbrows’ claim to be specially “human”, I for one have never been able to understand why it should be “inhuman” to use the faculties that distinguish us from pigs and geese and “human” to use those which we share with the lower animals.4. There is no disputing, says the proverb, about taste—though, in fact, human beings spend at least half their leisure doing nothing else—and if highbrowism and lowbrowism were exclusively ( as it is certain that they are in great part) matters of individual taste, there would be no more to say about them than what I have said in the preceding lines.5. Thus I desire a great deal less pleasure from jazz andthrillers than from the music, let us say, of Beethoven(贝多芬) or the novels, for example, of Dostoievsky; and the sex appeal of the girls on the covers of magazines seems to me less thrilling than the more complicated appeal to a great variety of feelings made by a Rubens, an EI Greco, a Constable, a Seurat.6. One need only ask first-year university students what music they listen to , how much of it and what it means to them, in order to discover that the phenomenon is universal in America, that it begins in adolescence or a bit before and continues through the college years.。
2010年英二text3长难句摘要：一、引言二、2010 年英二text3 长难句的具体内容三、长难句的结构分析四、长难句的翻译五、长难句对英语学习的影响及应对策略六、结论正文：一、引言在英语学习的过程中，阅读长难句是一项重要的技能。
通过分析长难句，可以提高我们的阅读理解能力，同时也有助于提高写作和翻译水平。
以2010 年英二text3 的长难句为例，本文将对其进行深入的剖析。
二、2010 年英二text3 长难句的具体内容2010 年英二text3 中的长难句如下：“In the case of the United States, the argument that the press has a constitutional right to publish such information and that there are adequate safeguards in place to prevent the revelation of sensitive information is not persuasive, given the number of high-level security leaks that have occurred in recent years.”三、长难句的结构分析这个长难句可以分为以下几个部分：1.主句：“the argument that the press has a constitutional right to publish such information and that there are adequate safeguards in place to prevent the revelation of sensitive information is not persuasive”。
2.原因状语从句：“given the number of high-level security leaks that have occurred in recent years”。
王若平长难句1. We must probably discard the at one time widely accepted view that if once life had come into the universe in any way whatsoever, it would rapidly spread from planet to planet and from one planetary system to another until the whole universe teemed with life.我们或许必须抛弃曾一时广为大家所接受的观点，即一旦生命无论以任何方式在宇宙中出现，它都会从一个行星迅速地扩展到另一行星，从一个行星系蔓延到另一个行星系，直到整个宇宙都充满生命为止。
（if once一旦; teem with充满）2. It is already clear that “the next best thing to bein g there”is going to be a picture phone call.显然，仅次于面谈的办法是打一个视频电话。
3. The European Union is an imperfect creature, with some of its actions based onfine principles of political economy and some on poor ones.欧盟是不完善的机构，它的一些举措是基于正确的政治经济原则之上的，而另一些却远非如此。
（复合结构扩展成句子。
复合结构作状语可以不用with。
cf: Our teacher comes into the classroom, book under arm. 老师进了教室，腋下夹了一本书。
）4. In cyberspace, communities are chosen by the users, not forced on them by accidents of geography.在网络空间，用户自愿参加某个团体，而不是因为地理位置的巧合被迫参加某个团体。
考研英语的⽂章⼀般选⾃国外的期刊或杂志，如《经济学家》、《泰晤⼠报》、《⾃然》、《时代周刊》等。
为体现本书的实时性与真实性，本章摘选了来⾃这些期刊中最为热门的⽂章中的语句进⾏分析，希望帮助考⽣在复习过程中既掌握有效的理解长难句的⽅法，⼜能获得第⼀⼿相关信息。
⼀、定语从句 【难句1】He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators. (The Economist Jan. 5, 2006) 【结构分析】本句结构清晰，是⼀个复合句。
句⾸部分He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television是主句，其后的a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media…作mobile television的同位语，句末的关系代词which引导定语从句which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators来修饰先⾏词a nascent industry，关系代词which在从句中作主语。
【参考译⽂】他谈到了众⼈对移动电视的巨⼤兴趣，这是⼀个在电信和媒体领域有交叉的新兴产业，它给设备制造商、电视内容制作者以及移动络运营商提供了新的机遇。
【难句2】Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including “Lost”， “Desperate Housewives” and “Law & Order”. (The Economist Jan. 5, 2006) 【结构分析】本句使⽤了分隔结构，体现了⾮限制性定语从句分隔，从句which launched a video capable version of its iPod portable music player in October修饰主语Apple Computer(关系代词which在从句中作主语)分隔了主语和系动词。
2010英语一阅读长难句解析以2010年英语一阅读中出现过的长难句为例，来看看长难句应该怎么处理。
例(1).Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.(2010英语一text1)这句话的主干其实很简单，是一个现在完成时态的“主系表+介词短语”做定语结构，但是在主干之前，添加了of短语of all the changes做状语，用来说明范围，且在这个短语中，宾语changes后还由一个that引导的定语从句来修饰，定语从句也是一个现在完成时态的“主谓宾+介词短语”作状语的结构，整句话的意思是，英文报纸在过去的25年间所发生的所有变化中，最影响深远的也许是其报道的范围和严肃性已经发生了不可遏制的衰落。
例(2).It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the ages of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.(2010英语一text1)本句话的主干用到了一个it形式主语结构“it is + adj for sb to do sth”，而真正的主语则是to imagine a time这个to do短语，另外，在主语中，time后紧跟一个由when引导的定语从句起修饰作用。
【研英难句】和我一起突破考研长难句(120)今天的题目：1.International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economics that open up and welcome foreign investment.2.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process:falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers'demands.选做题目：3.Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S.,when the Standard Oil trust was broken up.4.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although,in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming“I wanted to spend more time with my family”.本期任务：1.找出句子主干2.翻译长句1.International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economics that open up and welcome foreign investment.词汇：affiliate分公司，附属机构；v.使隶属(或附属)于account for说明(原因等)；占fast-growing迅速增长的segment部门；部分，段结构分析：本句主干是International affiliates account for a…segment of production;后面that引导的定语从句修饰economics。
2010考研英语长难句分析69句1. That sex ratiowill be favore d whichmaximi zes the number of descen dants an indivi dualwillhave and hencethe number of gene copies transm itted. （难度系数5，下同）译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。
难句类型：倒装、省略<a > 本句的正常语序应当是：That sex ratiowhichmaximi zes the number of descen dntsan indivi duall will have and hencethe number of gene copies transm itedwill be favore d.但是因为主语Thatsex ratio之后的以wh ich引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。
所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语willbe favore d之后。
<b > 在which引导的从句中，有两处省略：第一处在ma ximiz e的第一个宾语the number of descen dants that an indivi duall will have中，an indivi duall will have是修饰desc endan ts的定语从句，但是，因为在从句中作have的宾语，所以引导词t hat可以省略。
第二处省略是在第二个t he number of 之前，省略了与前面一样的成分thatsex ratiowhichmaximi zes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。
2010年考研英语翻译试题译文及解析(2010-03-09 16:54:04)转载标签：分类：考研资料分享考研试题解析翻译教育英文译文：完全以经济动机为基础的守恒系统中，存在一个基本的弱点，即陆生群落的大多数成员都没有经济价值。
然而这些生物是生物群落的成员，如果群落的稳定性取决于其完整性，他们就有权持续生存。
当其中一个非经济类别受到威胁时，如果我们碰巧喜爱这个类别，就会创造借口使其具有经济意义。
本世纪初，鸣禽原本正在消失。
（46）科学家们匆匆赶来救援，但证据是明显站不住脚的。
大意就是，如果鸟不能控制这些虫子，虫子就会吃光一切。
这个证据必须是经济的，才是有效的。
如今阅读这些拐弯抹角的论述令人痛心。
我们还没有土地伦理，（47）但是，我们至少比较一致地认可这样一种观点，即：无论鸟类对我们是否具有经济价值，他们都应该继续享有其固有的生物权利。
类似的情况存在于食肉的哺乳动物和捕食鱼的鸟类中。
（48）生物学家们曾一度滥用这个证据：这些生物通过残杀弱者来维持生物链条的健康发展，或者只是捕食“无价值的物种”。
因此在这里，证据必须是经济的，才是有效的。
天敌是社会的成员，任何具有特殊要求的集团都无权为了自身真实的或想象的利益消灭它们。
有些种类的树木被一些只具备经济头脑的林业员认为是“非我族类”，因为它们发育过慢，或作为木材销售价值过低。
（49）欧洲的林业生态发展比较先进。
那些没有商业价值的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员而被合理保护。
此外，人们发现一些树种在保持土壤的肥沃方面具有重要作用。
森林和构成森林的不同的树种，地面植物以及动物之间的相互依赖是理所当然的。
由于有些树种成长缓慢甚或是作为木材的价值也太低，所以一些受经济利益驱使的人就将这些树种完全抛弃。
总而言之：一种守恒系统完全基于自身经济利益是倾斜无望的。
（50）这样的体系容易忽视、并最终灭绝了生物群落中的许多元素。
然而这些元素虽然缺少商业价值，但对整个群落的健康运动却至关重要。
2010年翻译真题解析与译文 2010年考研英语翻译原文：One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly one economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these ereatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance. When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance.At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. 46. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them, the evideuce had to be comic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. we have no land ethic yet. 47. But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A panallel situation exists in respect of predatory mamals and fish-eating birds. 48. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on “worthless species”.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly .or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops. 49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.50. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Without the uneconomic pats.翻译参考译文：46．Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.词汇理解：jump to the rescue（赶来拯救），shaky（站不脚的），to the effect that(其大意是)；eat up(吃光)，fail to(没有)。
2010~2012高考阅读理解长难句1.One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick andjust be with them.2.There were many times when we'd be out walking and a small child would come overand pull on her hair.3.And, as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others hashin and price wars break out.4.All we assume（推测）is that some early men invented certain sounds, in one way oranother, to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could talk with each other.5.We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them correctly, or theywill make our speech silly and common.6.When a neighborhood requests a mural, the MAP works with the people there todevelop a message7.Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins, have shown torecognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.8.“Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painted on oneside of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.”9.“Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them”10. “It was four days after that life changing moment for the seventeen-year-old highschool student from Destrehan, Louisiana—she was still on cloud nine.”11. “The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different.12. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of“reading” the other person incorrectly.13.Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter(住所) as they are．14.The fixed mind-set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort andregards failure as personal shame.15.But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to makesure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.1. 令我感动的一件事是无论是谁生病了，她都会陪他们他们在一起。
阅读基本功难句过关（王若平）第一部分难句分类辨析第一章定语从句定语从句的修饰对象一直是阅读中经常遇到而难以把握的问题，定语从句的关系词究竟修饰上文中的哪个单词、短语或整个句子，一要靠语言知识，二要根据上下文进行逻辑判断。
定语从句有限定性和非限定性之分。
此外，定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等关系。
But he did not talk at length about the matter, which was not considered by the White House to be a particularly important question. (说明原因)他没有详细地谈这件事，因为白宫没有把它看作是个特别重要的问题。
Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist. (假设)如果认为理性知识可以不从感性知识得来，他就是一个唯心主义者。
So my chances of getting to revolutionary China are pretty slim, although I have not given up y efforts to get a passport, that will enable me to visit the countries of Socialism. (目的) 因此，我到革命的中国的希望相当小了，然而我并没有放弃努力来争取一张护照，使我得以访问社会主义国家。
He insisted on buying a car, which he could not afford and had no use for. (表让步)他坚持要买辆轿车，尽管他买不起，而且也不需要。
1. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries; the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.要点：从内容上分析，which修饰 “the growth of knowledge”图书馆的出现使教育的发展成为可能，而教育的发展又反过来使图书馆不断扩大充实。
2010年英二text3长难句2010年英语二真题Text3长难句写作如下：The human face is a peculiar and frequent subject ofvisual representation not only in constant everyday conversation but also in the arts, particularly painting and photography, and more recently in film, television and multimedia. It is hardly surprising, then, that the representation of the human face is a prominent theme in the social and human sciences, psychology and philosophy, and in the study of visual culture.以上这个长难句主要表达了人脸作为视觉表现的主题在日常对话、绘画、摄影以及最近的电影、电视和多媒体中频繁出现。
同时人脸的表现也是社会和人文科学、心理学、哲学以及视觉文化研究的显著主题。
在写作中，我们可以根据这个句子的主题进行以下方面的阐述：1.人脸在日常对话中的重要性：人们在日常对话中经常会提及到人脸，比如对于他人的外貌特征进行描述等。
这也反映了人脸作为一个重要的交流方式在人们的日常生活中扮演的角色。
2.人脸在艺术中的表现：人脸作为一种艺术表现形式，在绘画、摄影、电影和电视等领域中都占据着重要地位。
可以分别从这些不同的艺术形式中阐述人脸的表现方式和艺术家所想要表达的信息。
3.人脸在社会和人文科学、心理学、哲学以及视觉文化研究中的地位：人脸不仅在艺术中扮演重要角色，同时也在社会和人文科学、心理学等学科中被广泛讨论和研究。
2010考研英语长难句分析69句30. Perhaps the fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton (nannoplankton) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on , led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research. （5）可能这样一个事实，那就是很多这样的最初的研究只是考虑了那些能够用网捞起来的大小的水藻，这样一个忽视了更小的浮游生物（而这些浮游生物我们现在知道是捕食者主要的食物）的做法，导致了在接下来的研究中对于捕食者的作用的贬低。
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语解释：句子的结构繁杂。
句子的主语令人吃惊地长，在最后一个逗号后的led以前，全是主语！其实句子的主干简单，就是the fact led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers。
但是本句的主语the fact后面的修饰成分长得吓人，先是个定语从句；定语从句中又套了一个定语从句。
然后逗号后面的a practice引导的部分是前面的主语的同位语兼任插入语，practice后面的修饰它的一大堆东西又是定语从句套着定语从句。
本句是典型的层层修饰结构。
意群训练：Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net(net phytoplankton), a pratice that overlooked the smaller that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research31. Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers. （5）由哈格雷夫（Hargrave）和吉恩（Geen）所进行的研究，对自然条件下的群落捕食速率进行了估计，其手段是通过测量出实验室内单独的浮游动物种类的捕食速率，然后利用已知的食草动物种群密度，计算出实地状况下的群落捕食速率。
2010英语一阅读长难句解析【原创实用版】目录1.2010 年英语一阅读长难句解析的意义和背景2.长难句解析的方法和技巧3.实例分析4.总结和建议正文【2010 年英语一阅读长难句解析的意义和背景】英语阅读理解是英语考试中的重要部分，而长难句的理解和解析则是其中的重中之重。
2010 年的英语一阅读题目，其长难句的出题方式和难度，都给考生带来了一定的挑战。
因此，对 2010 年英语一阅读长难句的解析，对于提高考生的英语阅读理解能力，具有重要的意义。
【长难句解析的方法和技巧】解析长难句，首先要抓准句子的主干，理解句子的主谓宾结构。
同时，要注意句子中的修饰成分，如同位语、定语、状语等。
此外，还要注意句子中的连词，理解它们对句子结构的影响。
在理解句子的过程中，可以通过划分句子成分，或者使用图解法等技巧，帮助理解。
【实例分析】例如，2010 年英语一阅读中的一个长难句：“Despite the fact that the number of overseas students in the United States has dropped sharply in recent years, American universities and colleges are still attracting tens of thousands of international students each year.”。
这句话的主干是“American universities and colleges are still attracting tens of thousands of international students eachyear”，其中的“Despite the fact that the number of overseas students in the United States has dropped sharply in recent years”是一个让步状语从句，对主句进行了补充说明。
阅读长难句析译陈立洲He never wanted to become anything more than a champion.The drug is incapable of producing anything more than illusions.He is scared of anything more than friendship.He is anything more than also-rans.Gates built or bought all manner of things to conquer the Net, but few managed to be anything more than also-rans in the innovation game.There is no man but errs.There is nothing in the world but teaches us some good lesson.There is not a day passing by but sees me miss you.Smoking offers few, if any, health benefits.The policy changes result in little, if any, improvement in economy.The hostility between them has, if anything, deepened of late.He could find all but one of his books.It was all but impossible to climb back into the boat.But for the rain we would have had a nice holiday.But that you had seen me in the water, I would have drowned.I can earn some money, but not nearly enough to live on.Young scientists cannot realize too soon that existing scientific knowledge is not nearly so unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply.We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much.Certainly I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me. Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.She is the last woman to eat her words.Breach of promise is the last thing that he is likely to commit.There are teachers and teachers.There are almost as many definitions of history as there are historiansThere are likely/bound/certain to be more difficulties than expected on the way.There is said/believed/expected/thought to be more candidates taking the exams.There was held a symposium here yesterday.With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.It is fitting that we take this occasion to proclaim to the world the essential principles of the faith by which we live.No realistic man can expect from a dictator’s peace world disarmament, or good business.We shall have as our partners countries which are now working to safeguard the current trade framework.This technological explosion is already freeing vast numbers of people from their traditional bondage to nature, and now at last we have it in our power to free mankind once and for all from the fear which is based on want.I see it as one of the most important tasks for a university president to work for the greatest possible spirit of community in the university, and for university to be integrated institution and not simply a number of faculties or departments linked together in some kinds of formal organization or strategic alliance.Even those fortunate enough to inherit great wealth have been unable to resist the prevailing climate of opinion and a large proportion of those who suddenly find that they no longer have to work, after wining a lottery or the football pools, now choose to continue working, finding it too difficult to sustain a lifestyle which is not built around some form of work.The availability of venture capital financing to young, high technology companies has been a primary contributor to the dramatic revenue growth enjoyed by, and the increased competitiveness of, America’s high technology industry and to the economic expansion and increased employment levels exper ienced in California’s silicon valley and other areas of high technology concentration.In this way the distinction between heavy current electrical engineering and light current electrical engineering can be said to have disappeared, but we still have the conceptual difference in that in power engineering the primary concern is to transport energy between distant points in space; while with communications systems the primary objective is to convey, extract and process information, in which process considerable amounts of power may be consumed.There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher who weighs out his goods in common scales and the operations of a chemist who performs a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graduated weight.I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce and how cutting taxes can generate growth.The child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.The superiority of his genius consists in nothing else but an inexhaustible fund of political lies, which he plentifully distributes every minute he speaks, and by an unparalleled generosity forgets, and consequently contradicts, the next half-hour.As far as the third factor is concerned, the history of science shows many instances in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful resistance to further investigation; in some cases centuries elapsed before this resistance was eventually broken down, as happened in cosmology, for example.The adoption of the philosophy which holds that the ideal system is the system composed of outstanding schools, each having distinctive achievements, is strongly urged.Those who remember how he used to boast of his wealth, of his hunters, of the useless life he had exchanged for the more useful one of serving the people, of the sale of his stall, and his forsaking of pleasures, for the purpose of devoting himself to the cause, will at once see the intention of the author.Successful Asian-American students commonly credit the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer.The common belief of some linguists that each language is a perfect vehicle for the thoughts of the nation speaking it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of the Manchester school of economics that supply and demand will regulate everything for the best.We are being made aware that the organization of society on the principle of private profit, as well as public destruction, is leading both to the deformation of humanity by unregulated industrialism, and to the exhaustion of natural resources, and that a good deal of our material progress is a progress for which succeeding generations may have to pay dearly.Common conceptions of what is right and decent, a marked regard for fair play, especially to the weak and poor, a stern (uncompromising) sentiment (opinion) of impartial justice, and above all the love of personal freedom, or, as Kipling put it, “leave to live by no man’s leave underneath the law” —these are conceptions on both sides of the Ocean among the English speaking peoples.no/never/little/scarcely/hardly more than, not more than, no better/thicker/wider/wiser/larger than, none other than, nothing/none but, none the wiserHeroes are none but human, not better than anyone else.The mystery turned out to be none other than a made-up story.I have read the instruction book from cover to cover, but I’m still none the wiser.Certainly I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me. Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.If human beings find problems insoluble because of fixed reactions —if they are frustrated because they can respond in only one way, regardless of context or circumstances, to certain symbolically defined situations — they are functioning at less than full human capacity.The man in the street scarcely realizes that many forms of business, some major industries, and one or two minor professions could be completely abolished without gravely injuring American society; whereas the disappearance —or even what we see in some quarters, the continuous neglect and degradation — of the teaching profession must mean a disaster to the entire nation.One of the fundamental necessities in a representative government such as ours is to make certain that the men to whom the people delegate their power shall serve the people by whom they are elected, and not the special interests.We have borne with their present Government through all these bitter months because of that friendship —exercising a patience and forbearance which would otherwise have been impossible.In large measure we subjected our whole people temporarily to a socialistic state. However justified in time of war, if continued in peace time it would destroy not only our American system but with it our prosperity as well.Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort.What I seek to convey is the historic truth that the US as a nation has at all times maintained a clear, definite opposition, to any attempt to lock us in behind an ancient Chinese wall while theprocession of civilization raced by.The basic things expected by our people of the political and economic systems of a democracy are simple.So we have come to cash this check —a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.Only when the life of the pregnant mother herself is at stake, balanced against the life she carries within her, should the interest of the embryo or fetus not prevail.There is also the distress, for all concerned, associated with the unwanted child, and there is the problem of bringing a child into a family already unable, psychologically and otherwise, to care for it.History is made up of facts, but also of opinions; it is not only what actually happened, but also what people who know what happened think about past events.National family planning movements have emphasized the right of the individual to determine family size as well as the contribution family planning can make to national and global population problems.We have enriched our lives by creating physical mobility through the motor car, the jet airplane and other means of mechanical transport, and we have added to our intellectual mobility by the telephone, radio and television.The search for a way to break up this vicious circle taxes the best minds among those interested in orderly social change.Uncontrolled deforestation is usually a symptom of a society’s in ability to get a grip on other fundamental problems, such as unemployment, rapid population growth and the incapacity to regulate private enterprises to protect the public interests.As a result the chemical industry has become the central industry of modern civilization, tending, because of its controls over materials, to spread into, and ultimately incorporate, older industries, such as mining, building, and even through its concern with fertilizers and food processing, agriculture itself.The pleasure they experienced in the beginning was so intense that they no longer look for it at the end, or as the end.Considering that natural disposition in many man to lie, and in multitudes to believe, I have been perplexed what to do with that saying so frequen t in everybody’s mouth that truth will at last prevail.It took two centuries after Galileo’s experiment to overcome prejudice, do ctrine, and religious intolerance and to bring universal recognition, even among scientific men, to the basic principle that science can advance only so far as theories, themselves based upon experiment, are accepted or rejected according as they either agree with or are contrary to other experiments devised to check the theory.Yet some find it encouraging that at least a couple of nonwhite actors managed to score nominations from an academy whose early years were virtually devoid of minority membership and which even in the past decade has had years without a single nonwhite acting nominee.We the peoples of the U.N. determined to save succeeding generations from the distress of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples , have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims.句一：Fueled by members of Congress and Democratic presidential hopefuls, the 16-word miscue in Bush's Jan. 28 speech has turned into a firestorm of skepticism challenging the credibility of one of the president's primary justifications for the war — that Iraq was trying to reconstitute its nuclear weapons program.句二: Ostwald said the group, which other experts said was highly regarded in the security community, expected to disclose additional details during technical presentations at upcoming security seminars.句三: "It is also time for Congress to step forward and hold full and public hearings on these matters," said Kucinich, ranking（highest）member of the Government Reform Committee's panel on national security. "The American public deserves no less."句四：For better or worse, however, a number of Bush aides, Republican strategists and pollsters believe the Terminator's fortunes in the recall will affect the president's reelection prospects next year in the nation's most populous state — and possibly beyond.句五：The worm, which has attacked hundreds of thousands of computers since Monday, causes them to crash and instructs some to launch an attack just after midnight, local times, on Saturday on a Microsoft Web site that provides the patch for the security hole Blaster exploits.句六：Among the things yet to be determined is the relationship between lines tripping in Ohio and the unusual power swings that were observed in lines leaving Michigan and going into Canada and then back again, according to investigators.句七：Engineers at Airgo, which was originally known as Woodside Networks, are leaders in a new generation of radio reception equipment known as multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) technology that allows radio signals to be simultaneously sent over up to three antennas, greatly increasing call quality.句八：Complicating the matter, he said, is that at the time of the power breakdown "events were coming in so fast and furious that some reports ... weren't even being logged in a timely way."句九：Satellite Internet firm StarBand Communications Inc. of McLean plans to cut its debt from $203 million to $14 million and let its creditors take ownership of the firm, the company said in the reorganization plan it submitted late last week to a federal bankruptcy court.句十：Investors will keep their eyes on the macroeconomic picture Friday, hoping that a raft of fresh U.S. data ─ including the University of Michigan consumer sentiment preliminary survey for September, due at 1345 GMT ─ will add to a p icture of recovery, despite a persistently weaklabor market.句十一：The shake-up is further fallout from an accounting scandal that caused the company to replace its senior management, including Parseghian's predecessor Leland Brendsel, in June.句十二：For now, though, China is trumpeting more modest aims for its growing investment in space, like better satellite data services and weather forecasts and new strains of rice, with up to 12 percent more protein than that now planted in Chinese paddies(稻田).句十三：The idea for the tablet PC ─ a portable device to allow users to enter data with a pen-like stylus ─ had been spreading quietly ever since chipmaker National Semiconductor Corp. announced a design in the dot-com boom years for a simple Web-browsing pad that manufacturers could use to make the devices.句十四：The survey of 8,000 service stations on Friday showed an average of all grades of gasoline, including taxes, reached $1.7484 a gallon, just short of the survey's all-time high weighted average of $1.7608 set last March 21, analyst Trilby Lundberg said Sunday.句十五：An advisory committee in June voted 8-2 to recommend approving Humatrope for the new use after debating whether children who are otherwise healthy should be given multiple injections every week for years in order to grow what may amount to a few inches.句十六：Launching a spirited defense to the exclusive, roughly 100-strong audience, Greenspan said while it was too soon to tell if the Fed's（美国联邦储备委员会）clean-up in the aftermath "will succeed ... we do know that a mild standard of monetary policy to address asset price bubbles does not and cannot work."句十七：One reason boys are losing academic ground to girls appears linked to a shift by schools to more word-based learning for which girls' brains are believed to have an advantage.句十八：Mars outshines all other stars in the sky. Around 1 a.m. Mars is due south and high in the sky.句十九：Our findings indicate that a short training program in mindful meditation has demonstrable effects on brain and immune function and underscores the need for additional research on the biological consequences of this intervention.句二十："China's macro-economic policy should include encouraging overseas investment (by Chinese companies) and boosting imports to help eliminate the expectations of a (yuan) appreciation," the China Securities Journal said, quoting Zhang Shuguang, head of independentthink-tank Beijing Institute of Economics.句二十一：Video-on-demand and pay-per-view movies from satellite or cable also pose a challenge to the self-destructing DVD format, whose key selling points are convenience, no late fees and no endless trips to return movies to the corner shop.句二十二：A deal with Motorola, which recently unloaded its 19 percent stake in Symbian, a Microsoft competitor in mobile phone software, would represent a significant step for the world's largest software maker, which is trying to penetrate the market for mobile phone operating systems.句二十三：The deficit projection due out today is nearly $50 billion more than economists anticipated just last week, and it underscores the continuing deterioration of the government's fortunes since 2000, when the Treasury posted a $236 billion surplus.句二十四：Given that much of the dollar's rally this week was driven by speculative accounts fed by positive sentiment rather than real money trade and investment flows, it is not surprising that the dollar was set up for a fall despite Japanese intervention."句二十五：Mr. Ryan was a leader of 76 House Republicans who sent a letter to Mr. Bush this week insisting that any final compromise include provisions of the House bill to promote competition in the Medicare market and to provide tax breaks for personal savings accounts that would help pay medical expenses.词汇扩充：前缀under与动、名、形容词结合表示“低于、不足”。
2010年春季难句翻译（上）1. We must probably discard the at one time widely accepted view that if once life had come into the universe in any way whatsoever, it would rapidly spread from planet to planet and from one planetary system to another until the whole universe teemed with life.我们或许必须抛弃曾一时广为大家所接受的观点，即一旦生命无论以任何方式在宇宙中出现，它都会从一个行星迅速地扩展到另一行星，从一个行星系蔓延到另一个行星系，直到整个宇宙都充满生命为止。
（if once一旦; teem with 充满）2. It is already clear that “the next best thing to being there”is going to be a picture phone call.显然，仅次于面谈的办法是打一个视频电话。
3. The European Union is an imperfect creature, with some of its actions based on fine principles of political economy and some on poor ones.欧盟是不完善的机构，它的一些举措是基于正确的政治经济原则之上的，而另一些却远非如此。
（复合结构扩展成句子。
复合结构作状语可以不用with。
cf: Our teacher comes into the classroom, book under arm. 老师进了教室，腋下夹了一本书。
）4. In cyberspace, communities are chosen by the users, not forced on them by accidents of geography.在网络空间，用户自愿参加某个团体，而不是因为地理位置的巧合被迫参加某个团体。
5. United we stand；divided we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。
(伴随)6. Be all that you can be. 尽你所能成就你能力范围内的一切。
7. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can retort that so are most criminals.如果你是男人，你会指出，大多数诗人和科学家都是男性的; 如果你是妇女，你会反驳说，大多数罪犯也都是男性的。
8. If I went abroad, I’d travel round the country as much as I could and try to get as many people as possible, not only to practice the language on but to have discussions with and I’d hope to make some real friends.如果我出国，会尽量多地游览这个国家，设法尽可能多地结识一些人，不仅以他们作为语言实践对象，而且要和他们讨论问题。
我希望结识一些真正的朋友。
（并列平行结构的典范：句与句之间; 谓语动词和谓语动词之间；不定式短语之间）9. History is made up of facts, but also of opinions; it is not only what actually happened, but also what people who know what happened think about past events. (29 words)历史是由事实组成的，也是由观点组成的。
它不仅仅是实际上已发生的事件，同时也是知情人对事件的看法。
10. Humans have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.要点：by介词短语作状语,修饰谓语have distinguished。
To observe and understand…and then either to adapt…or to control and adapt…是并列的动词不定式短语,作定语,修饰ability。
In doing so是介词短语作状语,修饰ensured,表示方式；so是副词,等于in this way。
译文：人类能够观察和认识周围的环境，尔后或是去适应环境，或是按照自己的需要控制和改变环境。
这种能力使人类与其他动物区别开来,从而使人类得以生存。
11. This process, difficult and complex as it is, is simple compared to the job of discovering that new kinds of corn could be developed, or to the job of discovering how to develop them.这个过程虽然困难而又复杂，但是与研究培育玉米新品种和找出育种方法相比就简单得多了。
（as的用法; it译实了；状语翻译到动词前）12. The common belief of some linguists that each language is a perfect vehicle for the thoughts of the nation speaking it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of the Manchester school of economics that supply and demand will regulate everything for the best. (47 words)一些语言学家的共同见解是，每一种语言都是使用该语言的民族用以表达思想的完美载体。
这一观点在某些方面与曼彻斯特经济学派的观点，即供给与需求会将一切调节至尽美尽美，有异曲同工之妙。
13. At school the student needs to increase his knowledge in an organized way, to acquire sufficient vocabulary in science for effective communication, and to learn some facts because they are important in everyday living, such as knowledge that is useful for his health, for his safety and for an understanding of his surrounding.在学校中，学生需要有系统地扩大知识，掌握足够的科学词汇，以便有效地进行交流，还需要懂得一些诸如对（增进）健康、（保障）安全以及了解周围环境等有用的常识，因为这些常识在日常生活中是十分重要的。
14. They conquer who believe they can.译文：相信自己能够取得胜利的人取得胜利。
15. And ultimately, as the parable of the open and closed hand suggests, we must confront the inevitability of our own demise, losing ourselves, as it were, all that we were or dreamed to be.最终正如松手与握拳的寓意所表示的那样，我们自己也得走向不可抗拒的死亡，失去我们自己，可以说失去我们以往曾经有过的或梦想的一切。
16. There is indeed an important, though often neglected, difference between Chinese and English in negation - negation in way of thinking and in mode of speaking.要点：important和它所修饰的difference之间插入一个状语从句“though often neglected”，though后省略了it is。
破折号后的negation是前面negation 的同位语，补充说明否定的方向。
译文：的确，汉语和英语在思维方法和说话方式的否定上有着重要的差异，尽管这种差异往往被忽略。
17. Man has achieved remarkable success in the field of astronautics the ultimate goal and purpose of which is to gain for man himself access to space and to other worlds.人类在宇航方面已经取得惊人的成就，宇航的最终目标和意图就是使人类能够亲自进入太空并到达其他星球。
18. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.图书馆的出现使教育的发展成为可能，而教育反过来促进了图书馆的发展。
