2010年春季难句翻译（上）
1. We must probably discard the at one time widely accepted view that if once life had come into the universe in any way whatsoever, it would rapidly spread from planet to planet and from one planetary system to another until the whole universe teemed with life.
我们或许必须抛弃曾一时广为大家所接受的观点，即一旦生命无论以任何方式在宇宙中出现，它都会从一个行星迅速地扩展到另一行星，从一个行星系蔓延到另一个行星系，直到整个宇宙都充满生命为止。（if once一旦; teem with 充满）
2. It is already clear that “the next best thing to being there”is going to be a picture phone call.
显然，仅次于面谈的办法是打一个视频电话。
3. The European Union is an imperfect creature, with some of its actions based on fine principles of political economy and some on poor ones.
欧盟是不完善的机构，它的一些举措是基于正确的政治经济原则之上的，而另一些却远非如此。（复合结构扩展成句子。复合结构作状语可以不用with。cf: Our teacher comes into the classroom, book under arm. 老师进了教室，腋下夹了一本书。）
4. In cyberspace, communities are chosen by the users, not forced on them by accidents of geography.
在网络空间，用户自愿参加某个团体，而不是因为地理位置的巧合被迫参加某个团体。
5. United we stand；divided we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。(伴随)
6. Be all that you can be. 尽你所能成就你能力范围内的一切。
7. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can retort that so are most criminals.
如果你是男人，你会指出，大多数诗人和科学家都是男性的; 如果你是妇女，你会反驳说，大多数罪犯也都是男性的。
8. If I went abroad, I’d travel round the country as much as I could and try to get as many people as possible, not only to practice the language on but to have discussions with and I’d hope to make some real friends.
如果我出国，会尽量多地游览这个国家，设法尽可能多地结识一些人，不仅以他们作为语言实践对象，而且要和他们讨论问题。我希望结识一些真正的朋友。（并列平行结构的典范：句与句之间; 谓语动词和谓语动词之间；不定式短语之间）
9. History is made up of facts, but also of opinions; it is not only what actually happened, but also what people who know what happened think about past events. (29 words)
历史是由事实组成的，也是由观点组成的。它不仅仅是实际上已发生的事件，同时也是知情人对事件的看法。
10. Humans have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.
要点：by介词短语作状语,修饰谓语have distinguished。To observe and understand…and then either to adapt…or to control and adapt…是并列的动
词不定式短语,作定语,修饰ability。In doing so是介词短语作状语,修饰ensured,表示方式；so是副词,等于in this way。
译文：人类能够观察和认识周围的环境，尔后或是去适应环境，或是按照自己的需要控制和改变环境。这种能力使人类与其他动物区别开来,从而使人类得以生存。
11. This process, difficult and complex as it is, is simple compared to the job of discovering that new kinds of corn could be developed, or to the job of discovering how to develop them.
这个过程虽然困难而又复杂，但是与研究培育玉米新品种和找出育种方法相比就简单得多了。（as的用法; it译实了；状语翻译到动词前）
12. The common belief of some linguists that each language is a perfect vehicle for the thoughts of the nation speaking it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of the Manchester school of economics that supply and demand will regulate everything for the best. (47 words)
一些语言学家的共同见解是，每一种语言都是使用该语言的民族用以表达思想的完美载体。这一观点在某些方面与曼彻斯特经济学派的观点，即供给与需求会将一切调节至尽美尽美，有异曲同工之妙。
13. At school the student needs to increase his knowledge in an organized way, to acquire sufficient vocabulary in science for effective communication, and to learn some facts because they are important in everyday living, such as knowledge that is useful for his health, for his safety and for an understanding of his surrounding.
在学校中，学生需要有系统地扩大知识，掌握足够的科学词汇，以便有效地进行交流，还需要懂得一些诸如对（增进）健康、（保障）安全以及了解周围环境等有用的常识，因为这些常识在日常生活中是十分重要的。
14. They conquer who believe they can.
译文：相信自己能够取得胜利的人取得胜利。
15. And ultimately, as the parable of the open and closed hand suggests, we must confront the inevitability of our own demise, losing ourselves, as it were, all that we were or dreamed to be.
最终正如松手与握拳的寓意所表示的那样，我们自己也得走向不可抗拒的死亡，失去我们自己，可以说失去我们以往曾经有过的或梦想的一切。
16. There is indeed an important, though often neglected, difference between Chinese and English in negation - negation in way of thinking and in mode of speaking.
要点：important和它所修饰的difference之间插入一个状语从句“though often neglected”，though后省略了it is。破折号后的negation是前面negation 的同位语，补充说明否定的方向。
译文：的确，汉语和英语在思维方法和说话方式的否定上有着重要的差异，尽管这种差异往往被忽略。
17. Man has achieved remarkable success in the field of astronautics the ultimate goal and purpose of which is to gain for man himself access to space and to other worlds.
人类在宇航方面已经取得惊人的成就，宇航的最终目标和意图就是使人类能够亲自进入太空并到达其他星球。
18. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.
图书馆的出现使教育的发展成为可能，而教育反过来促进了图书馆的发展。知识的增长遵循了一种复利的原则。由于印刷术的发明，这一知识增长过程得以大大加速。（add to—libraries; follow—law; invention of printing; 被动语态的翻译，增词，定语从句）
19. To understand the width and depth to which science can be applied to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations requires an understanding of what science really is.
要点:主语为不定式短语to understand the width and depth，to which引导定语从句修饰the width and depth，该定语从句中的problems又被that引导的定语从句修饰。谓语是requires，宾语是an understanding。What从句为名词性从句，作of的介词宾语。
译文:要了解科学可以在多大的广度和深度上解决个人和国家所面临的物质和精神方面的问题，就需要了解科学究竟是什么。
20. We are not conscious of the extent to which work provides the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.
我们没有意识到工作提供的心理满足程度究竟有多大，这种满足能将充实生活与空虚生活区分开来。（增词，定义从句的分译，写作）
21. Yet members of the nation’s present educational and cultural elite still cling to the notion that the United States belongs to some vaguely defined entity (that) they refer to as “Western civilization，” by which they mean，presumably，a
civilization created by people of Europe，as if Europe can even be viewed as completely uninfluenced by the rest of the world.
要点: notion后的that直至句尾为同位语从句。在同位语从句内，entity为定语从句they refer to as “Western civilization”所修饰。而Western civilization 又被by which引导的定语从句修饰，该定语从句又带了由as if引导的一个方式状语从句。在该状语从句中as后接过去分词短语，作主语补足语。注意as 后可接名词和形容词两类作补语，而分词属于形容词类。cling to坚持；refer to sb. ［sth.］as称某人［物］为。
The peasants used to refer to that landlord as “Liu the Depot”
refer to…as…
译文：然而，当今美国教育文化界的精英们仍紧抱着固有的观念，认为美国属于某种定义模糊的他们称之为“西方文明”的实体，他们所指的想必就是由欧洲人创造的文明，仿佛欧洲可以被视为完全不受世界其他地区影响似的。22. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.
我们知道，（因为）与我们人的眼睛相比，猫的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜里也能看得很清楚。
23. Evening had now come, the last of Adolf Hitler's life.
夜晚已经来临，这是阿道夫·希特勒生命中最后的一个夜晚。
24. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.
我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的：人生来都是平等的。
25. This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their educations abroad arrived
in the U.S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English.
亚裔美国学生对数学和自然科学的偏爱，其原因是这些学生是在外国开始接受教育的, 来到美国时他们的数学基础很好，但很少或根本不懂英语。
26. Abraham Lincoln is the most famous instance of the claim that Americans often made that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position.
美国人常宣称：在他们的国家里，一个人的地位可以从社会的最底层上升到社会的最上层，亚伯拉罕·林肯就是极好的例子。
27. This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
这种趋势是在第二次世界大战期间开始的，那时有几个国家的政府得出结论：一个政府想要对其科研机构提出的特定要求，一般事先难以做出详细的预测。（unit 1，5句）
28. After Galileo’s work the feeling grew that there were universal laws governing the motion of bodies and that these laws might apply to motion in the heavens as well as on earth.
在伽利略的著作之后，这样的认识加强了，即认为存在支配物体运动的普遍规律，这些规律不仅支配着地球上的而且也支配着天体上的物体运动。（分割型的同位语从句，用“即”翻译）
29. Electronics has made possible a new kind of higher education and research, including what counts to a global scale electronic lecture hall.
电子学已使创立一种新型的高等教育和研究成为可能，包括创立可称之为全球规模的电子大课堂在内。
30. No less costly to Third World nations is the steady migration of well-trained professionals in search of a life, any life, in America.
使第三世界国家付出同样高昂代价的是受过良好训练的专业人员络绎不绝地流入美国谋生，过什么样的生活都行。
31. Scientists hope that if we can discover how the brain works, the better use we will be able to put it to.
科学家们希望，一里我们能发现大脑的工作原理，我们就会更好地运用我们的大脑。
32. Not only do lies not provide the “help” hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be a patient in the first place.
谎言不仅不能提供鼓吹“仁慈”欺骗的人们所希望的那种“帮助”，还侵犯了病人的自主权，使他们不能对有关自己健康的问题做出明智的判断，包括是否就医这一首要的选择。
33. Into this area of industry came millions of Europeans who made of it what became known as the “melting pot”, the fusion of people from many nations into Americans.
数以百万计的欧洲人来到这个工业区，使之成为人所共知的“熔炉”，将来自各国的人融合成美国人。（顺序令人费解）
34. The progress of science depends upon many factors, and not least among
these is the existence of satisfactory arrangements for the rapid exchange of new ideas and experimental results between research workers having similar interest.
要点：这是一个并列复合句。第二分句是倒装结构，主语existence置后，以便靠近很长的修饰语；谓语是is not least，not least意为“相当重要”。分词短语having… interest作定语，修饰workers。
译文：科学的进步取决于很多因素，其中的重要因素之一，就是对兴趣相同的研究人员之间新思想和实验成果的快速交流做出令人满意的安排。
35. Dull as a student may be，and difficult as a subject may seem to be at first sight，he will find the study become easier or at least less difficult，if he can persevere and does not neglect it.
要点：这个句子的难点是as的用法，在as引导的让步状语从句中要用倒装顺序。dull as a student may be＝though a student may be dull；difficult as a subject may seem to be at first sight＝though a subject may seem to be difficult at first sight。
译文：即使学生不聪明，功课最初看起来很难，如果他能坚持不懈，努力去做的话，他就会感到学习越来越容易，至少不会那样难了。
36. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team.
要点：否定词nor放在句首时，主谓倒装。is放到了主语management前。同时，if引导的条件状语从句置于nor与句子的其他成分之间，造成了句子的割
裂状态。条件状语从句中as desirable... as the writing...可视为同级比较结构。句中who引导的定语从句修饰先行词thinkers，可采用合译的方法翻译。be blamed for为固定短语，意为“因…而受指责”。in favor of ...在句中做状语。译文：假如科学研究的规律性和与标准模式的一致性像科学家的论文反映的那么理想，那么管理者们也不应该为歧视研究者中的“怪人”，而喜欢善于合作的按常规思维的人受指责。
37. It never occurred to him that parts of the day have different meanings in different cultures.
他从来没想到过一天内的各段时间在文化背景不同的国家里竟有着不同的意义。
38. To comp rehend a man’s life it is necessary to know not merely what he does, but also what he purposely leaves undone.
想要了解一个人的一生，不仅要知道这个人做过什么事，还要了解他刻意放弃的事。(it的用法)
39. As the century developed，the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved and the growing interconnection of different disciplines made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, technique and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently.
要点：主句中主语为magnitude，complexity和interconnection。谓语是made，it是形式宾语，impossible是宾语补足语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语for the... scientist to deal with...，that引出定语从句修饰data, technique and equipment。译文：随着本世纪时间的推移，有待解决的问题的数量和复杂程度在不断增加，
不同学科之间的联系也不断增强，这就在很多情况下使得科学家不可能独自处理为精确而有效率地从事科学研究所需的大量新数据、新技术和新设备。40. Yet if we so love ourselves，reflected in our children，why is it so terrifying to so many of us to think of seeing our exact genetic replicas born again，identical twins years younger than we?
要点it为形式主语，to think of... 为真正主语。identical twins years younger than we为replica的同位语。
译文然而，如果我们如此爱恋在子女身上映现出来的自我，那为什么我们当中有这么多人，一想到将目睹与我们完全一样的基因复制品、比自己年轻许多的双胞胎降生的时候，就会感到如此惊恐?
41. No film character has ever been more widely enjoyed.
从没有任何电影角色受到过更为广泛的喜爱。
42. Nothing reveals more quickly the kind of person you are than the thing you talk about.
你所谈论的事情能最快地揭示你的为人。
43. Certainly I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me. Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.
当然我之所以教书，并不是因为我觉得教书容易。我之所以教书，也不是因为我认为自己能够解答问题，或者因为我满腹学问，禁不住与他人分享。（否定转移）
44. In 1600 the earth was not the centre of the universe because the majority then supposed it was.
在1600年，地球并不是因为那时大多数人都认为它是宇宙的中心，而成了宇宙的中心。
45. One can’t be too careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case. 因为这是一个如此重要的问题，所以做出决定时无论怎样谨慎都不会过分。46. We will not behave in foreign places, so as to violate our rules and standards here at home, for we know that this trust which our nation earns is essential to our strength.
我们在国外的行为不可违反我们在国内的规则和标准，因为我们知道，我们国家赢得的这种信誉对我们的力量来说很重要。
47. But every book I picked up had few sentences which didn’t contain anywhere from one to nearly all of the words that might as well have been in Chinese.
但在我找到的每本书里，几乎每个句子都有一个甚至几乎全部的单词我根本不认识。
48. The expression is well known to many students of English, but is far too good not to be quoted here.
要点：本句为双重否定结构，双重否定的形式表示肯定含义。英语中经常用的双重否定式有：too...not to (infinitive不定式), never... but..., cannot... without, never too... to..., cannot too...to, not...never..., not without..., not...out of。如：For that matter, I can t think of my husband without thinking of it.（因此，我一想起我的丈夫，就免不了想到它。）
译文：这种表达方法对学英语的很多同学来说都很熟悉，但它太棒好了，不妨在这里再重提一次。
49. A book may be compared to your neighbor, if it be good, it can not last too long; if bad, you can not get rid of it too early.
要点: can not...too结构和can not...overdo 结构表示“再…也不过分”，起强调作用，相当于“It is impossible to overdo...”或“No matter how much more you do, you will never overdo it.”不用not而用hardly，scarcely，impossibly也可以。又如：It is impossible to speak in terms of too high praise of his merits.无论怎样赞扬他的功绩也不过分。为了表达清楚,翻译时条件句if bad中的省略部分可补上。
译文：一本书好比你的邻居，若是好书，读的时间再久也不嫌长；若是坏书，丢弃得越早越好。
50. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.
译文：独自旅行时，如果没有了食物，受伤了或者生病了，通常只能向最近的小屋或者村落求救。
要点：直译的话，应该说人们“没有其他地方，只有……”可得到帮助，但这样写的话显得冗长而且费解，这里根据句意，译为“只能向……求助”就比较准确了。“turn”的用法比较灵活，意思很多，这里依据上下文，译为“向……求助”。
51. Neither do we know how the universe begin, nor how it will end —if, indeed, it ends at all.
要点：否定词neither放在句首引起部分倒装，与其并列平行的nor后省略了“do we know”。if和it ends at all之间插入了副词indeed，it指代universe。
译文：我们不知道宇宙是如何起源的，如果真有宇宙末日，我们也不知道它将会如何终结。
52. On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence，but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared，and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
要点：这是一个由but连接的并列句，but后的分句省略了和前面重复的such a conclusion can be drawn，两个only if引导了隶属于这个被省略的主句的条件从句。第一个条件句包含一个由with whom引出的定语从句；第二个条件句包含一个由which引出的定语从句。
译文：总的来说，得出这样一个结论是有一定把握的，但是必须具备两个条件，即假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比较的另一个孩子的态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而受惩罚。
53. Some books are to be tasted, others（are）to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others (are) to be read, but (are) not (to be read) curiously; and some few (are) to be read wholly, and (are to be read) with diligence and attention.
要点：该句为并列句，且that is 前后又分别都是并列句。that is前三个并列分句以两个逗号连接，that is后三个并列的分句以两个分号连接。由于句式相同，分句中多处省略了are和to be read。该句补全为：Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others (are) to be read, but (are) not (to be read) curiously; and some few (are) to be read wholly, and (are to be read) with diligence and attention. 该句出自英国散文家培根的名篇《论学习》。省略使句子简洁、紧凑，对比鲜明，信息集中，具有名言警句的特色。注意：
others如前面有the则表示“其他的”，如没有the则表示“一些”，本句属于后一种情况；curiously：好奇地，仔细地。
译文：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。54. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authors minds ages ago.
要点：which引导定语从句修饰great thoughts，在该定语从句中包含比较结构as... as... 第二个as为连词，后省略了they were fresh。of no account意为“不重要的, 无价值的”
译文：对伟大的思想来说，时间是无关紧要的。那些思想直到今日，仍然和往昔在其创始者的头脑中最初出现时一样，依旧很新鲜。
55. Had Lincoln lived, it might well be that his postwar policies would have brought criticism upon him that would have tarnished his popularity.
如果林肯还活着的话，他的战后政策也许很可能会给他带来有损他名望的批评。
56. He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone.
他以一种吃惊、不满的神态打量着我，就像一位上校打量着一位没有系好靴带的士兵一样。
57. Uncontrolled deforestation is usually a symptom of a society’s inability to cope with other fundamental problems, such as unemployment, rapid population growth and the incapacity to regulate private enterprise to protect the public interest.
无节制地滥伐森林通常标志着一个社会没有能力处理诸如失业、人口的快速增长等其他基本问题，也无力规范私人企业以保护公众利益。（Uncontrolled deforestation; symptom标志）
58. In recent years, there’s been a rebirth of a number of downtown areas, as suburbanites, especially young married couples, have moved into the city to avoid roads filled with traffic between the suburbs and the cities every morning and evening.
近年来，随着郊区居民，特别是年轻夫妻，为避免每天早晚奔波在交通拥挤的城郊道路上而搬到城里去住，不少闹市区又重新诞生了。（主句和从句相比较而言，从句在前主句在后。在句子内部，同位语顺序不变，定语在名词前，状语在动词前。省译）
59. It is our hope that the book will provide a sound basis in contemporary inorganic chemistry for the new generation of students and will stimulate their interest in a field in which trained personnel are still exceedingly scarce in both academic and industrial laboratories.
我们希望本书能为新一代的大学生在现代无机化学方面打下一个坚实的基础，并引起他们对这个领域的兴趣，目前这一领域中无论是大学实验室还是企业实验室仍然非常缺乏受过专业培训的人员（人才）。（that引导的是主语从句）
60. In the “soap war” between Proctor and Gamble and Unilever, tremendous use is made of statistics to measure the dynamic difference in market resulting from the proportional allocation to advertising, which constitutes such a large part of their production costs before selling, so that they regard their
production costs as production plus advertising costs.
要点：此句结构比较复杂，但主句很简单，主语为use，谓语为is made。主句正常语序为tremendous use of statistics is made to..., to measure...作目的状语，resulting from...为现在分词短语作difference的后置定语。which引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰advertising。so that引导一个结果状语从句。plus 为介词，意为“加上”。soap war 为“肥皂广告大战”。
译文：在宝洁和联合利华两家企业之间的“肥皂大战”中，双方就大量使用了统计学手段来测量由相应的广告投入所引起的市场上的动态差异，广告在售前的生产成本中的比例如此之高，以致他们把生产成本看作是生产费用与广告费用之和。
61. The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter.
要点：本句为不同事物的两种性质的比较。结构为：A is to B what C is to D。what 作连词用，意思是“恰似”、“好比”。to 是介词，表示“对于” 的意思。本结构也可以转换成A is to B as C is to D，将what 换成as，表达的意思不变。译文：笔对于作家好比枪对于战士。
62. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent,
a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
要点：bring forth(使产生)和a new nation之间被on this continent分隔。conceived（产生、创立）和dedicated修饰a new nation。a new nation的修饰成分因为较长，所以置后，译成汉语的独立分句并重复“这个国家”。
译文：八十七年前，我们的先辈们在这块大陆上创建了一个新国家。这个国家以自由为立国之本，并奉行人人生来平等的原则。
63. In this connection we have to bear always in mind that Chinese and English are two entirely different languages, each having its own usage and idiom, its own grammar and stylistic devices, its own cultural and social background.
要点：in this/that connection意思是“with reference to this/that”“关于这（那）一点”。bear in mind that记住。each having... 为分词的独立结构，表示伴随的情况。
译文：在这一点上，我们应该时时记住的是，英语和汉语是两种完全不同的语言，各有各的习惯用法，各有各的语法手段和文体手段，各有各的社会文化背景。
64. Work is therefore desirable, first and foremost, as a preventive of boredom, for the boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as nothing in comparison with the boredom that he feels when he has nothing to do with his days.
要点：本句的前半句为主句。for作为连词引导原因状语从句，该从句中含有两个由that引导的定语从句，都修饰boredom。preventive:预防药；预防措施。
译文：因此，人最好干点工作，首先，工作可以防止无聊，因为一个人在做尽管无趣却必须要做的工作时所感到的厌烦与终日无所事事所感到的无聊是不能同日而语的。
65. The inclusion of books among the world's perishable goods is hardly made more agreeable by the reflection that increasing numbers of books these days do seem to be written with just such consumption in mind, and that most bookstores have become little more than glorified news stands for hard cover
publications of this sort, which are merchandised for a few weeks — sometimes only as long as they remain on the bestseller lists —and are then retired to discount stores (those jumbled graveyards of books, so saddening to the hearts of authors) shortly before dropping out of print altogether. (98 words)
不言而喻书籍，属于世界上易损商品之列，这一点不会因为人们想到如今越来越多的书确实是为了这样的消费而写的就令人感到宽慰，也一点不会因为人们想到大多数书店已经变成仅仅出售这类精装书的花里胡哨的书报摊就令人感到宽慰。这样的书卖不到几个星期——有时候仅仅维持到它们仍排在畅销书排行榜上的这段时间里——就会被打入折扣书店（也就是令作者深感伤心的杂乱不堪的坟墓），紧跟着也就
常用谚语
●真理、理想
1. A little fire burns up a great deal of corn. 小火也会酿成大灾。
2. A single spark can start a prairie fire. 星星之火,可以燎原。
3. All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
4. Each man has his limitations. 人各有所短。
5. Easier said than done. 说时容易做时难。
6. Every advantage has its disadvantage. 凡事皆有利弊。
7. Every man has his liking. 人各有所好。
8. Every white has its black, and every sweet has its sour. 有白必有黑,有甜必有苦。
9. Every why has a wherefore./Everything has its seed. 凡事皆有因。
10. Everything has an end. 凡事皆有始有终。
11. Everything has its time and that time must be watched. 万事皆有时,时来不可失。
12. Grasp all, lose all. 样样都要,样样失掉。
13. More haste, less speed. 欲速则不达。
14. No cross, no crown. 没有苦就没有甜。/没有困难就没有成功。
15. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
●工作、言行
1. A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。
2. Actions speak louder than words. 行动比语言更响亮。
3. An occasion lost cannot be redeemed. 机不可失,时不再来。
4. Circumstances alter cases. 特定的环境能改变事情的性质。/具体问题具体分析。
5. Youth must have its fling. 青年阅历少,不闯不成材。
●认识、智慧
1. A good medicine tastes bitter.
良药苦口利于病,忠言逆耳利于行。
2. Content is happiness. 知足者常乐。
3. Cut the coat according to the cloth. 量体裁衣
4. Do not keep all your eggs in one basket. 莫把所有的蛋,放在一个篮子里。
5. Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
6. Never too old to learn. 活到老学到老。
常用翻译技巧总结 （编辑整理by会员solxf） 个人认为，翻译题很重要！考研是个充实自己的过程，只要你还需要英语，就离不开翻译，所以大家应该引起足够重视。 首先个人推荐一本书，XDF唐静老师的《拆分与组合翻译法》，我听过他的课，他的方法很实用，感觉很象下面介绍的第四种方法。 翻译题里考察三方面内容： 1、专有名词（如operational research expert）、习惯用法（如depend on） 及多义词的翻译 (如school、set的多义) 2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择，词序调整，词性转换和增词法等等 3、具体句型（定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、 比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等） 其中2、3是大考点，具体内容可在论坛下XDF的翻译笔记来看，在此不赘述。 可看出，应对翻译题的主要武器是翻译技巧，下面正式进入正题（常用方法、被动语态译法、形容词译法、举例详解） 一、常用方法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练。 1增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如： （1）What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语） （2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句） (3) Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词）
94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇（英汉对照） 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道；by one’s own account根据某人自己所说，let alone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成； 13年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) in effect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提及、参考，synthetic人造的； 12年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的, bias偏见， 50) track跟踪； 11年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列； 10年 46) rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，
历年考研英语翻译词组汇总 1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于 17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样
1992年 25. refer to…提到；谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如 28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度 32. only if 只要 33. the same…as 与…一样 34. by lack of=for lack of 因为缺乏1993年 35. nothing but 只不过是 36. by means of 通过；借助于 37. by the help of 通过…的帮助 38. in a sort of sense 从某种意义上来说 39. manage to do sth. 设法做到 40. extract …from 从……提炼出 41. out of…起源；来源；根据 42. build up 建立；树立 43. by no means 绝不 44. be compared with 与……相比 45. a sort of 某种 46. set…… in motion开始； 47. differ in…在…方面不同 48. go through 经历；经受；仔细检查 49. in the one case =on the one hand 50. in the course of the day=during the day 51. a train of=a series of=an array of=a variety of
05 It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. (49) Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "Unity we stand, divided we fall" -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity." A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.
1. 句子内部指代的翻译 当代词与其所指代的对象在同一划线句中时，一般来可以将代词译为相对应的代词。但是如果前面出现多个名词，而且从数量、性质等方面很难判断代词的指代，则最好将代词翻译成相对应的名词。 98 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. 结构分析：这是一个复合句. But even more important是整个句子的状语，it was the farthest是主句，that scientists had been able to look into the past是修饰the farthest的定语从句，for引导原因状语从句（参见1995年71题），在这个状语从句中，what they were seeing是主语从句，were the patterns and structures是状语从句中的系表结构，that existed…是修饰名词patterns and structures的定语从句。 译文：但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 01 71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 结构分析：这是一个复合句。There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors是主句，其中hosted by robots是过去分词短语做television chat shows 的后置定语，with pollution monitors是介词短语修饰cars；that will disable them是定语从句，修饰pollution monitors ；when they offend是时间状语从句，修饰动词disable。 译文：届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排 污超标(违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。 01 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:"It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. 结构分析：这是一个复合句。But that is only the start of man-machine integration是主句，其中有一个插入语Pearson points out。It will be the beginning of the long process of integration 是直接引语中的主句，that引导定语从句修饰名词integration，before the end of the next century是介词短语作状语。. 译文：但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始："它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。" 2. 句外指代的翻译 A．对于指代具体某个或几个名词的词，一定要搞清楚他指代的内容，译文中用代词表示不清的就用名词来表达，哪怕是罗嗦一点也一定要多用名词，只有在明显清楚或者找不到合适的名词才用代词。P8-74 01 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: "It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. 结构分析：这是一个复合句。But that is only the start of man-machine integration是主句，其中有一个插入语Pearson points out。It will be the beginning of the long process of integration 是直接引语中的主句，that引导定语从句修饰名词integration，before the end of the next century是介词短语作状语。. 译文：但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始："它是人机一体化漫长之
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4c14728229.html,/new/shengtsinghua 考研大作文只用写一句话就可以得18分 省省清华QQ: 867209142 关于一句话万能模板的几个问题： 1.万能，整片模板200多单词，只要写1句话填写3个关键词就可以适合任何一年考研话题作文。 2.高分，里面的遣词造句都是精心之作，句式多变、用词高级、语言地道，正常考生考场上几乎不可能写出如此高水平的作文，得高分在情理之中。 3.节省考场时间，考场上默写一篇背熟的作文要比自己写一篇作文至少节省20分钟，为自己节省宝贵的考研时间用来做其他题目。 4.节省复习时间，有了作文模板就不用再为考研大作文复习花时间。 历年考研 英语翻译题词组汇总 考研大作文只用写一句话就可以得18分 文章来源：https://www.doczj.com/doc/4c14728229.html,/new/shengtsinghua 整理：省省清华 1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast 与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论 如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于 17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into 走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样
历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总 A Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速，n.接受速成教育的学生 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获，Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进，vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称advantage in，守方所得则称advantage out） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数vi.合计，共计 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近；vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理；n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的；vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论；vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生；vi.起身，起来，起立 Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职
考研常用翻译技巧总结 考研翻译题里一般会考查三方面的内容： 1、专有名词（如operational research expert）、习惯用法（如depend on）及多义词的翻译(如school、set的多义) 2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择，词序调整，词性转换和增词法等等 3、具体句型（定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等） 其中2、3是大考点，具体内容在此不赘述。可看出，应对翻译题的主要武器是翻译技巧，下面正式进入正题（常用方法、被动语态译法、形容词译法、举例详解） 一、常用方法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练。 1 增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。 总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如： （1）What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语） （2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句） (3) Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词） (4) Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights. 就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。（增译物主代词） （5）While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. （增译连词）只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。 （6）This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.
历年考研英语翻译词组汇总1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于 17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 1992年 25. refer to…提到；谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如 28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度
历年考研英语翻译词组汇总 2002年 167. behavior science 行为科学 168. human nature 人性 169. natural selction 自然选择 170. a little more than a hundred years 一百多年 171. what is called 所谓的 172. trace…to…从…寻找根源；从…研究 173. state of mind 心态 174. and so on诸如此类 175. partly because…and partly because…部分是因为…部分是因为… 176. be held responsible for…被认为应该对…负责 177. be given credit for…为…受到称赞 178. with it 随之 2003年 179. cross-cultural perspective 跨文化的角度 180. concrete research 具体研究 181. subject…to…使…服从于 182. in…manner 以…方式；用…方法 183. seek to 力图；试图；设法 184. combined with 加上；连同 185. bring to 加进；使用；采用 186. define…as…把…定义为 187. makes…possible 使…成为可能 2004年 188. language and thought 语言和思维 189. have some connections with…与…有联系； 190. take root 生根；被牢固树立 191. be obliged to sb. 感激某人 192. die out 灭绝 193. so…that…如此…以至于 194. accuse sb. of…指责某人干某事 195. be interested in doing sth. 对…感兴趣 196. come to 开始；逐渐；进而 197. believe in 相信 198. a sort of某种的 199. habitual thought 习惯思维 200. grammatical pattern 语法结构
1)Diction（选词用字） 2)Amplification（增词法） 3)Omission（省略法） 4)Conversion（转换法） 5)Repetition（重复法） 6)Inversion(语序调整) 7)Negation（正说反译，反说正译） 8)Division (长句拆译) & Subordination（分清主从） 例1. Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 意译：办事讲究的人买什么都讲少而精，愿买贵的。 √ 例2．They want quality, but at a budget price. 意译：他们又要货好，又要价格合算。√ people at budget:精打细算过日子的人 例3．On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides. 在台湾问题上，双方几乎没有多少客气可讲，更谈
不上让步了。 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay, because Zhengzhou has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes… 试译：无论乘坐何种交通工具都能迅速抵达郑州，下榻此处会让你倍感舒适，这里的住宿条件能充分满足各种档次和品味的要求……。 例4．New HSR and Maglev would have all-new, state-of-the-art train control system. The Accelerail options were estimate with train control systems providing speed and authority enforcement. 译文：新型高速列车或磁浮列车须装置全新的、造形精美的列车操纵系统，可供选用的列车操纵系统必须能提供速度和（威力）强大的加速力。 例6．一幢乡村小学的教学楼，建了7年还是个半拉子工程。 The construction of the teaching building of a village school, which was started seven years ago, has ended up a
1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于
17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 1992年 25. refer to…提到；谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如 28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度 32. only if 只要 33. the same…as 与…一样 34. by lack of=for lack of 因为缺乏
常见的八种逻辑关系 1，并列关系: and, and also, or, neither…nor, either…or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same…as 2，递进关系: then, also, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more 3，因果关系: becaus e, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so(such) … that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, in response to, with, for this reason, lead to, too…to 4，转折关系: but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of 5，让步关系: although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of 6，列举关系: first—second—last of all, first—then, to begin with—to continue/next, on one hand—on the other hand, for one thing—for another thing, one—another, some—others—still others 7，举例关系: such as, for example, for instance, of these/those/them, among these/those/them, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely 8，总结关系: in all, in brief, in short, in a word, in conclusion, altogether, to sum up, to summarize, to conclude, to generalize, to put it in one word 翻译技巧 技巧之一：“定语从句”的翻译 总的原则: ”长后短前” (和主句比) 类定语从句:1)、限定性(没逗号);2)、非限定性(有逗号). 1)、限定性定语从句:A. 较短--- 直译为前置定语, 并加”的”; e.g. It is the book which interets me.这是一本我感兴趣(的)书. B. 较长--- 译为另一个分句, 重复先行词; e.g. They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力, 这个理想是每个中国人所珍惜的, 在过去, 许多中国人曾为这个理想牺牲了自己的生命. (重复先行词”理想”) 2) 非限定性定语从句: A. 较短--- 直译为前置定语, 加”的”; e.g. But Miggle's laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence. 但是米格尔富有感染力的笑声打破了静默. B. 较长--- 译为并列分句, 重复先行词或用代词替代. e.g. I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.
2015年考研英语一翻译真题解析 一、来源：今年的文章来源于An outline of American history(1954)(《美国历史纲要(1954年英文版)》)，是其中一章The Colonial Period(殖民时期)的节选。这个符合历年来翻译的考查规律，往往都是从书籍中节选段落进行翻译，内容相对于阅读而言，相对于2014年“贝多芬”而言，有些难懂。 二、难度：5句话共151词，相当平稳。其中48题最长，35词;50题最简单，24词。可以说，不同基础的同学都可以从中找到自己熟悉的部分，不至于在这个题上一分未得。 三、句型特点：今年的5句话中，有2句(46，48)是简单句，另外3句(47，49，50)是复合句。其中的复合句无一例外都考查的是定语从句的翻译，并没有涉及到其他从句类型。简单句中考查最多的也是后置定语的翻译。所以，中公考研考前为大家预测的难点中，定语的翻译是绝对考点和重点。 四、逐题详解： 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 重点词组：out of a wilderness(摆脱荒凉)，by its nature(就其本质而言，从本质来说)，uncharted(未知的;图上未标明的)。 结构分析：整个句子是一个简单句，由and并列谓语动词built和shaped。driven by powerful and diverse motivations是后置定语，修饰movement;out of a wilderness是后置定语，修饰nation;of an uncharted continent是后置定语，修饰character and destiny。 参考译文：这项运动，由多种强大的动机驱动，建立了一个摆脱荒凉的国家，并且从本质上来讲，塑造了一块不为人熟悉的大陆的性格和命运。 47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. 重点词组：product(产物)，principal(主要的;首要的)，peoples(民族)，impact(影响) 结构分析：句子的主干是The United States is the product of two principal forces，破折号解释说明forces。of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics是后置定语，修饰immigration;of a new country which modified these traits是后置定语，修饰impact，其中包含一个定语从句which modified these traits，修饰country。 参考译文：美国是两股主要力量的产物——带有不同思想、风俗习惯和国家特征的欧洲民族的移民，和修改这些特征的新兴国家的影响。 48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the carried national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. 重点词组：peculiar(特有的，独特的)，interplay(互相影响)，sheer(独特的) 结构分析：整个句子是简单句，主语由三个名词短语用and并列承担，谓宾部分比较短小caused significant changes。主语1中，of geographic conditions peculiar to America是后置