高考英语备考总动员易错点睛7情态动词和虚拟语气（教师版）
考前必读
高考研究英语中常用的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点：同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；特别是注意“情态动词+完成式”是高考中的重点所在。高考中的虚拟语气一般与情态动词结合进行考查。每年高考试题中都会出现一定的题目。
易错点睛
易错点1 混淆“情态动词+have done”各种句式的不同含义
【易错题1】He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.
A. could express
B. would ex press
C. could have expressed
D. must have expressed
【易错题2】—Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You it in the wrong place.
A.must put
B.should have put
C.might put
D.might have put
【解析】考生容易误选A项，原因是受汉语表达习惯的影响，认为“你一定是把它放错地方了”。根据前面的语境可判断出，本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。所以要用“might have d one”。“should havedone"表示“(过去)本来应该做某事”。must意为“一定”，是肯定的推测，与所提供的情景矛盾。might put表示现在发生的事。
【答案】D
【错因透视】may／might have done表示“过去可能做了(某事)”。如：一where is my
pen?我的钢笔哪里去了?一You might have put it in your pocket．你可能把它放到你的口袋里了。
【易错题3】Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't' show up.
A. should have arrived
B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving
【易错题4】—She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam.
—I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.
A. should
B. could
C. must
D. might
【错因透视】‘‘must+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测，表示“(过去)一定、必定做了某事”。must接动词原形表示对现在情况的猜测。如：Tom must have finished his homework yesterday because he went camping with his parents．汤姆昨天一定是完成作业了，因为他和父母去野营了。
【易错题5】-Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
-Thanks. You______it. I could manage it myself.
A．needn't do B．nee dn't have done C．mustn't do D．shouldn't have done
【解析】考生容易误选D项，认为是“你本来不应该做那件事情”。句子意思是：“凯瑟琳，我已经给你打扫了房间。”“谢谢。你本来没有必要打扫的，我自己能够对付。”needn’t have done表示“过去本来没有必要做而做了”；s houldn’t have done 表示“过去本来不应该做而做了”。
【答案】B
【错因透视】needn’t have done表示“本来没必要做而做了”，是对过去情况的虚拟。如：You needn’thave told him that．你本没必要告诉他那件事。
易错点2对情态动词的基本用法掌握不熟练
【易错题l】—It’s the office! So you know eating is not allowed here.
— Oh, sorry.
A. must
B. will
C. may
D. need
【易错题2】Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _______ just be quiet people.
A. must
B. may
C. should
D. would
【解析】考生容易误选C项，认为是“一定是”，实际上这里表示可能性。句子意思是：有些不愿多讲话的人并不是真的害羞；他们可能只是一些喜欢安静的人。
【答案】B
【错因透视】may／might接动词原形表示对现在情况的推测，意思是“可能”。如：She thought itmight be wise to try her luck here．她认为在这儿碰碰运气也许不错。
【易错题3】一What does the sign over there read?
一“No person ______ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．”
A．will B．may C．shall D. must
【解析】考生容易误选A项，认为是will在这里表示将来或意愿。shall在本句中用于第三人称，表示警告和禁止，因此答语的意思是：任何人都不准在这个区域吸烟、或携带点着的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。will表示现在的意志、愿望等，意为“要，希望”；may表示许可，或用于请求许可，意为“可，可以”；must意为“必须，要，应当”。
【答案】C
【错因透视】shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示征求对方意见。此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称的肯定句。如：Shall she go to the concert with us this evening?(征求意见)You shall go to the front at once．(命令)Don’t worry．You shall get theanswer this very afternoon．(允诺)He shall be sorry one day．I tell you．(警告)Nothing shall stop us fromfighting against pollution．(决心)
易错点3 对虚拟语气在条件句中应用的基本用法了解不够
【易错题1】This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would
B. should
C. could
D. might
【易错题2】But for their help, we _______ the program in time.
A. can not finish
B. will not finish
C. had not finished
D. could not have finished
【解析】考生容易误选C项，原因是没有注意到but for their help这一含蓄条件。由语境可知，这里‘表示与过去的事实相反，所以主句应该用would／could／might／should+have done结构。
【答案】D
【错因透视】含蓄条件句的用法：
【易错题3】It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn't have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
【错因透视】错综条件句就是虚拟条件主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。如：If 1 were you，1 would not have missed thefilm last night．如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚的电影了。If they had started in the early morning，theywould arrive in half an hour．如果他们清早就出发，那么再有半个小时就到了。
易错点4 忽视名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法
【易错题】The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.
A. wouldn’t
B. couldn’t
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
【解析】考生容易误选B项，原因是不知道recommend的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。
【答案】D
【错因透视】虚拟语气经常用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that 宾语从句中，这类动词有：advise建议，command命令，demand要求，desire渴望，insist 坚持，intend打算，propose提议，order命令，require需要，reques t要求，recommend 劝告。这些动词的宾语从句中用should+动词原形表示虚拟语气，should可以省略。如：I suggest that we(should)set off at once．我建议我们应该立刻出发。
【易错题2】How I wish every family ___ a large house with a beautiful garden!（上海春招)
A．has B．had C．will have D．had had
【易错题3】It is important that we ．
A．shall close the window before we leave B．will close the window before we 1eave
C．must close the window before we leave D．close the window before we 1eave 【解析】考生容易误选C项，原因是没有掌握主语从句中用虚拟语气的用法。It is important(necessary，strange)that主语从句中，谓语用should+动词原形表示虚拟语气，should可以省略。
【答案】D
【错因透视】虚拟语气用于It is+形容词／名词／过去分词+主语从句的句式中，主语从句中用should+动词原形，should可以省略。这类形容词或分词有：determined决定的，commanded命令的，arranged安排的，anxious焦急的，important重要的，desired想要，asked请求，natural自然的，insisted坚持，necessary必要的，suggested建议，ordered 命令，proposed提议，requested要求的，required要求的，recommended推荐，possible 可能的，a pity可惜的是，等。如：It is necessary that he(should)besent there at once．有必要立刻派他去那里。It is suggested that the meeting(should)be Dut off till nextweek．有人建议会议推迟到下星期。
跟踪练习
1.（2012年西安市高三年级第一次质量检测试题英语）I was busy the other day, otherwise
I ______ to help you.
A．would have come B．would come
C．had come D．came
2.（2012年西安市高三年级第一次质量检测试题英语）If you ______ smoke, you could at
least go to the smoking area.
A．can B．must C．will D．shall
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：如果你非要抽烟，起码可以去吸烟区抽。此处 must 表示“硬要；非要；偏要”。
3.（2012年郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语）—Could I watch TV for 10 more
minutes, Mum?
—Oh, dear, if you ______.
A．can B．must C．may D．should
4.（2012年长春市高中毕业班第一次调研测试英语）Just as Jane is doing her homework,
______ you bother her with playing the piano now?
A．may B．can C．must D．shall
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：Jane 正在写作业，你偏要现在弹钢琴打扰她吗？这里 must 表示“偏要，非得”，其他选项都无此用法，故选C项。
5.（北京市东城区2012届高三第一学期期末教学统一检测英语）The driver ______ have
drunk a lot before the accident, but I am not qui te sure of that.
A．might B．must C．should D．would
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。从后半句“but I am not quite sure of that”可知空处是对过去发生事情的不肯定推测，因此选A．
6.（北京市西城区2012届高三上学期期末考试英语）—Why are you in such a hurry?
—Don’t you remember that we ______ be home by 8 p. m. to see our favorite TV show?
A．can B．would C．must D．may
7.（北京市重点高中2012届高三尖子生综合素质展示英语）—God! My cell phone is
missing.
— You ______ have left it at home. I heard you telephone our daughter in the bathroom.
A．s hall B．must C．would D．could
8.（南京市2012届高三年级第一次模拟考试英语）—Life ______ be very hard for people
living in the north of Canada as it is very cold there in the winter.
—Yes, the weather there ______ be as low as 60℃ below zero.
A．must; can B．shall; must
C．will; should D．has to; can
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。根据后面的“as it is very cold there in the winter”
可知第一空表示肯定推测，故用 must，而第二空是对那儿天气的一种可能性猜测，故用 can。
9.（合肥市2012年高三第一次教学质量检测英语）—Come to supper with us, Peter.
—Great! I ______ bring a bottle of wine.
A．will B．can C．may D．must
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。此处 will 表示的是说话人的主观意愿，意为“愿；要”。
10.（合肥市2012年高三第一次教学质量检测英语）The constant rise of meat price
requires that effective measures ______ by the government.
A．must be taken B．be taken
C．will be taken D．should take
11.（江西省丰、樟、高、宜四市2012届高三联考英语）Our teacher insisted that the key
words worth paying attention ______ before class.
A．to underlined B．was underlined
C．to be underlined D．to being underlined
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。分析句子结构可知，worth paying attention to 作 the key words 的后置定语；insist 表示“坚持主张”时，其宾语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用 should do, should 可以省略，因此该从句谓语为 (should) be underlined，因此选择C。解该题的关键在于弄清句子结构，不要受思维定势的干扰而误选D。
12.（河北省普通高中2012届高三教学质量监测英语）I’m really very busy, otherwise
I ______ certainly go there with you.
A．can B．shall C．will D．would
13.（北京市东城区2012届高三第一学期期末教学统一检测英语）If she ______ an hour
earl ier, she wouldn’t have been caught in the rain.
A．has returned B．returned
C．will return D．had returned
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。从“wouldn’t have been caught”可知空处表示与过去事实相反，因此从句应用过去完成时。
14.（北京市西城区2012届高三上学期期末考试英语）—Let’s play football together
tomorrow afternoon.
—OK, but how I wish I ______ it as skillfully as you.
A．played B．have played
C．had played D．will play
15.（北京市西城区2012届高三上学期期末考试英语）______ more energy to my study
instead of being crazy about Internet games, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.
A．If I devoted B．Had I devoted
C．Would I b e devoted D．Should I be devoted
16.（北京市重点高中2012届高三尖子生综合素质展示英语）I ran all the way to
school yesterday, otherwise I ______ late for the annual talent show.
A．was B．had been
C．would be D．would have been
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：昨天我一路跑到学校，不然年度才艺表演我就会迟到。
本句的后半句是虚拟语气，是对过去情况的假设，所以用 would have done 结构。
情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义，可以表达某种感情和说话的语气，但是它不可以单独使用 作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法，特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理，更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理，编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有：must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有：shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度，不能单独作谓语，与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征：可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 （1）表示现在的能力，用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can，表示“经过努力成功 的做成某事”用be able to。 （2）表示过去的能力，用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 （3）表示将来的能力，用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 （1）can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性，而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如：Accidents can happy on such rainy days. （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词，其表示可能性的层次如下表： 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗？ would 可能性较will 小不会、不该（较won’t 弱）会,,吗？（较will 弱） should 应该会、理应（表示合乎理想的情况或结果） ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能（否定推测）有可能吗？ could 可疑的可能不可能（与can’t 同义）有可能吗？（较can 弱）may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能（较may 弱）可能不（较may not 弱） 注意→（1）may，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 （2）can 常用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。
@ 情态动词和虚拟语气 1. Jack descried his father, who ________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-wiled man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been ） 2. —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning. You _______ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can recommend parents _______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. ~ A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow 4. You_______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 5. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You________ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_w w. k#s 6. I have told you the truth I keep repeating it A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will ~ 7. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may 8. Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon. A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not 9. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ________ see you now. He’s busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 10. I _______ have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t < 11. –May I take this book out of the reading room –No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 12. —Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. — Oh, you _________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 13. — _______ I take the book out —I'm afraid not. *
专题六情态动词和虚拟语气 1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone. A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了.我女儿一个人在家.A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢.结合句意，故选C. 【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境. 2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信.根据后半句wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟.所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式.故选D. 【考点定位】虚拟语气 【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气. 3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.d idn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器.根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句
一．情态动词 1.---Could I borrow your dictionary? ----Yes,of course you_____. A.might B. will C. can D. should 2.---Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which _____do yourself? A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather 3.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___be here at any moment. A. must B need C should D can 4.A computer __think for itself ,it must be told what to do. A. can’t B couldn’t C may not D might 5. Johnny,you ___play with the knife.You ___hurt yourself. A.won’t ;can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 6.—Shall I tell John about it? -----No,you _____.I’ve told him already. A. needn’t B.wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 7.---Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ----______. A.I don’t B.I won’t C.I can’t D.I haven’t 8.He ____you more help,even though he was busy. A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 9.----There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It ___a comfortbable journey. A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been 10.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I ___for her. A.had to write it out B.must to have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 11.---When can I come for photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They ___be ready by 12:00. A.can B. should C might D need 12.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ----Oh,did you?You ____with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 13.-----Alice, you feed the bird today.____? -----But I fed it yesterday. A.do you B.will you C.didn’t you D.don’t you 14.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____get out. A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could
情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词的用法要点 一、表能力 Can Am/is/are able to 表现在的能力 Will be able to 表将来的能力 could Was/were able to 表过去得能力 Could have+过去分词：表示过去有能力做但未做 二、表推测（可能性） 1.可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的（理论的）可能性即并不涉及 具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can一般不用于肯定句。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet. 2.表示具体事情实际发生的可能性： （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may, must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句（may not 表示“可能不”）；can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑问句中。 This can’t/ couldn’t be done by him. This may not be done by him. He could be on his way home now. Can this be done by him? Mr Mush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. ---Are you coming to Jeff’party? ---I’m not sure. I might go to the concert instead. (3) would, could, should, might 并不一定与过去时间有关，而表示可能性弱于它们相应的现在时形式。 This may/ might be done by him. (4)should 表推测时，表示确定或可能有的未来或期望，即合乎理想的情况或结果 He ought to/ should be here on time---he started early enough. We should arrive before dark. The roads should be less crowded today. 三、表示请求、允许、允诺 1.当对方是决策者时，你代表你（们）自己（I, we），或代表第三者（he she they）向对方（you）请示或提 出建议时用：
Subjunctive mood (P122, p. 129. P 143 动词过去完成体P181-190, 395)条件句 14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. (p128) 2017 A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativeness C. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politeness V. in specific contexts, the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时” (attitudinal past), 即表示说话人当前的试探性态度, 而非过去时间, 多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词) , that is , the past tense is associated with the present time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude试探性态度，婉转语气on the part of the speaker. A: Did you want me? B.Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help . Want, wonder, think, hope
要点一情态动词的基本用法 ,could 【温馨提示】 can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 ,might 【温馨提示】 may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 ,would 【温馨提示】 would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。
,should,ought to ,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must的问句时,否定回答通常用needn’t或don’t have to。(2) mustn’t表示“禁止;不许”;而don’t have to表示“不必”。(3) must只有一种形式,而have to有人称、时态的变化。 的用法 的用法
【温馨提示】 (1)dare用作情态动词有dare,dared两种形式。 (2)dare用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to可省去,但dare以动词-ing形式出现时,不定式符号to不能省略。 要点二“情态动词+have done ”的用法 have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can’t/cannot have done。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just can’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 have done意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 might have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done意为“可能没有做……”。 It’s no use going to his may not have gone may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 ought to have done表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to
谓语动词(情态动词、虚拟语气) 要点一情态动词的基本用法 【温馨提示】can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 2.may,might 【温馨提示】may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 【温馨提示】would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。 4.shall,should,ought to
5.must,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must 的问句时,否定回答通常用 needn ’t 或don ’t have to 。(2) mustn ’t 表示“禁止;不许”;而don ’t have to 表示“不必”。(3) must 只有一种形式,而have to 有人称、时态的变化。 7.dare 的用法 【温馨提示】 (1)dare 用作情态动词有dare,dared 两种形式。 (2)dare 用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to 可省去,但dare 以动词-ing 形式出现时,不定式符号to 不能省略。 要点二 “情态动词+have done ”的用法 1.must have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can ’t/cannot have done 。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just now.He can ’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 2.could have done 意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn ’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 3.may/might have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done 意为“可能没有做……”。 It ’s no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。 他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 4.should/ought to have done 表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to have done 表示“本不该做某事却做了”。
“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做” 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 请看相关知识点： 一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？ 四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事？
高效演练·跟踪检测区 语法填空 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 Long ago, there was a mother and a son living in a house. She worked hard every day, but they were always poor. One day, her son stol e his friend’s bag. “Mom, 1. do you think of this bag? ”His mother 2. (scold)him, but she didn’t. “It looks great! ” The next time, he stole an overcoat. She praised him again after he stole it. A few years later, he grew up to be 3. young man. He stole jewelry and brought them to his mother. “How beautiful! ”This time, she did not scold her son again. Then, 4. he was pleased by his mother, he started to steal 5. (expensive)things. One day, the police caught him. Before putting him in jail, he begged the police to meet his mother. They took 6. to his mother. As soon as he saw his mother, he hit her ear lobe. “Ouch! What’s the matter with you? ”She finally scolded him. Her son answered, “If you 7. (give)me a scolding like that when I stole the first bag, I could not have become a thief. ” She collapsed as she looked at her son 8. (head)for the prison. “If only I 9. turn back time, I would scold him 10. (severe). ”Sh e regretted that she had always praised him, whatever he did.
三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。 二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯
情态动词和虚拟语气 1. --- I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month. --- Don't worry. You_______ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may 2. --- I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. --- How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_______ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 3. --- She looks very happy. She_______ have passed the exam. --- I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 4. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 5. --- I’m sorry. I _______ at you the other day. --- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted 6. --- ________the plane have taken off on time? --- I'm afraid not. So many flights were delayed due to the bitterly cold weather. A. Need B. Should C. Can D. Must 7. --- I didn't attend Tom's wedding yesterday. --- I _________, either, if my friend hadn't reminded me. A. wouldn't B. wouldn't have C. didn't D. hadn't 8. We’re still at the airport. If it weren’t for the delayed flight, we ___________ the concert right now. A. can be enjoying B. must have enjoyed C. would be enjoying D. should have enjoyed 9. For environmental reasons, we _____________ as well take these waste products and have them recycled.
2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析-----情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。 二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。）It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本
第一课 1、I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I report it to the police? A、should B、may C、will D、can 2、----The room is so dirty. we clean it? ----Of course. A、Will B、Shall C、Would D、Do 3、My English—Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who have taken it? A、should B、must C、could D、would 4、It is suggested that a doctor immediately. A、be sent for B、send for C、is send for D、should send for 5、When he was there,he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A、would B、should C、had better D、might 6、Mary never does any reading in the evening, . A、so does John B、John does too C、John doesn’t too D、nor does John 7、----The computer is still on,could you have forgotten to turn it off? ----Yes,I . A、could have B、could C、must D、might have 8、Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter what we during the day. A、may have done B、would have done C、must have done D、should have done 9、It’s 4 p.m.now and we’ve covered most of the distance.We arrive before dark. A、would B、should C、would rather D、have to 10、When the police took the suspect to the police station,he insisted that he the lady’s purse and that he free. A、not steal;be set B、didn’t steal;was set C、not steal;should be D、didn’t steal;be set 11、Jenny have kept her word.I wonder why she changed her mind. A、must B、should C、need D、would 12、he knew nothing about her. A、He appears as if B、It seems that C、It appears as if D、It seems as if 13、Peter come with us tonight,but he isn’t sure. A、must B、may C、can D、will 14、Helen go on the trip with us,but she isn’t quite sure yet. A、shall B、must C、may D、can 15、----There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.