二、主要内容：
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Why does the author say that the man went unidentified gave him a
Lesson Ten Diogenes and Alexander I．Teaching Objectives: After learning this unit, students are supposed to: 1. get familiar with the rules of word formation ; 2. get familiar with some grammatical points; 3. retell the text as a whole; 4. have a thorough understanding of the whole text: Diogenes and Alexander 5. get a list of the new words and expressions and be able to use them freely in writing and daily conversation; II.Listening and speaking activities 1.Listen to the recording of the text and fill in the blanks about the main ideas of the article. 2. Talk about this passage with your friends ,and talk about what you think of Diogenes. III. Reading Comprehension and Language Activities 1. Pre-reading discussions: 1) What do you think of the person who lying on the street , shoeless, bearded, half-naked ? ? 2) Are you a cynic person?. 2. Background knowledge : 1) Cynic and Cynicism (愤世疾俗者与犬儒主义) ： The Oxford English Dictionary describes a cynic as a person “ disposed to find fault “ and as one who “shows a disposition to disbelieve in the sincerity or goodness of human motives and actions, and is wont to express this by sneers and sarcasm.”In short ,the cynic is “a sneering fault-finder” The ancient school of Cynicism was founded in the fourth century BC by Antisthenes. The Cynics urged both men and women to follow a way of life in harmony with nature and to reject all unnecessary civilized luxuries. They also rejected all social conventions ,customs and laws. 2)Diogenes （第欧根尼） Diogenes was a famous Cynic philosopher living during the time of Plato ( the 4th century BC ). Having to flee from Sinope because of charges against him and his father for debasing the public coin , Diogenes went to Athens where he studied under comforts of civilized life , and lived an extremely ascetic lifestyle. Later on the captured by pirates and sold into slavery in Crete to Xeniades, who was so impressed by the philosopher that he made him the teacher of his children . He is said to have died of old age in the same year as Alexander the Great in 323 BC. 3. Text analysis: Part One (para.1-10) Description of Diogenes as a beggar, a philosopher and a missionary, his lifestyle and doctrine: Cynicism. Part Two (para.11-12) Description of Alexander the Conqueror, who was the greatest man of the time . Part Three(para.13-17) The dramatic encounter of the two , revealing that only these two men
现代大学英语精读翻译 Revised by Hanlin on 10 January 2021
第三课 T1. Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, “globalization”. (Para.1)今天我们正经历着一种世界范围文化剧变的阵痛,一种习俗与追求的结构性变化,用社会科学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化,就叫“全球化”. T2. Whatever their backgrounds or agendas, these critics are convinced that Western—often equated with American—influences will flatten every cultural crease, producing, as one observer terms it, one big “McWorld”. (Para.4) 不管他们的背景和纲领如何,这些对全球化持反对态度的人深信西方的影响—往往等同于美国的影响—会把所有文化上的差异一一压平,就像一位观察家所说的,最终产生一个麦当劳世界,一个充斥美国货和体现美国价值观的世界. T3. But I also discovered that cultures are as resourceful, resilient, and unpredictable as the people who compose them. (Para.8) 不过我也发现文化就如同构成文化的民族一样,善于随机应变,富有弹性而且不可预测.
综合英语 1 Comprehensive English1 【学分】4 【学时】64 【编写】袁邦照【审核】程莹 （一）授课对象 四年制本科英语专业学生 （二）课程的性质和地位 本课程是是本科英语专业低年级的一门学科基础课程，是英语专业基础阶段全面培养和提高学生语言能力和交际能力的一门课程，在整个基础英语教学中具有重要奠基作用。本课程的教学，是在学生已初步掌握一定的英语词汇、语音、语法基本知识和听、说、读、写基本技能的基础上进行的，因此，主要教学目的在于进一步提高学生综合运用英语的能力，特别是要加强口笔头语言表达能力，同时加深对词汇、语法、写作、修辞等方面的知识，同时指导学生学习方法，培养逻辑思维能力，为进一步接受英语专业高年级教育打下全面的牢固的基础。本课程以课文教学为中心，采用精讲多练、讲练结合的方式，主要通过语言基础训练与篇章讲解分析，启发学生学习语言的积极性和自觉性，使学生逐步提高语篇阅读理解能力，了解英语各种文体的表达方式和特点，扩大词汇量和熟悉英语常用句型，具备基本的口头与笔头表达能力，并逐步形成用英语思维的能力。 （三）课程教学的目标 1.改变观念：帮助学生尽快熟悉大学学习环境和自主学习方法；使学生养成良好的学习习惯；培养学生的独立工作能力。引导学生改变应试学习的观点，逐步树立“To know English is to speak English.”的观念。 2.语音：通过一对一纠音练习，语音模仿秀等，整顿学生的语音面貌，提高学生的朗读技巧。 3.词汇和语法：盘活中学所学语法和词汇，使之成为语言交际的实际技能。认知词汇3000-4000个(其中含中学已学2 000个)，熟用其中1600-1800个及其最基本的搭配。听力：能在15分钟听写根据已学知识编写的材料(词数120左右，念四遍，第一、四遍语速为每分钟100个词，第二、三遍根据意群停顿)，错误率不超过8%。要求学生每天收听CRI及VOA的Special English。熟悉新闻广播的特点和语速。 4.口语：能使用课文中的重点词汇和短语复述课文；能用英语正确表达所学的功能意念，以达到实际交流运用的目的。 5.阅读和写作：能读懂词汇量为2000-2500的浅易材料及简易读物，阅读速度每分钟60-80个词，理解基本正确，能抓住中心大意。对重点句子能够释义。学会初步使用“英英”
Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940 Kansas City. Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say "All right, teach me something." Two weeks later we started Hamlet. Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips. "Look," he said, "I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff" And not having a book of his own to point to, he pointed to mine which was lying on the desk. 给你们讲讲我刚当老师时候的一次失败经历吧。那是1940年的1月，我从研究生院 毕业不久，在堪萨斯城大学开始第一学期的教学工作。一个瘦高，长得就像顶上有毛的豆角架一样的男学生走进我的课堂，坐下，双臂交叉放在胸前，看着我，好像在说：“好吧，教我一些东西。”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。三周后他双手叉腰走进我的办公室，“看，”他说，“我来这是学习当药剂师的。我为什么必须读这个？”由于没有随身带着自己的书，他就指着桌子上放着的我的那本。 New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. It would not mankind has generated within its history. That is to say, he had not entered a technical training 虽然我是位新老师，我本来可以告诉这个家伙许多事情的。我本来可以指出，他考 入的不是制药技工培训学校而是大学，而且他在毕业时，应该得到一张写有理学学士而不是“合格的磨药工”的学位证书。这证书会证明他专修过药剂学，但它还能进一步证明他曾经接触过一些人类发展史上产生的思想。换句话说，他上的不是技能培训学校而是大学，在大学里学生既要得到培训又要接受教育。 I could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasn't going to be around long enough for it to matter. twenty-four hours. They will be a little shorter when you are in love, and a little longer when you are out of love, but the average will tend to hold. For eight of these hours, more or less, you will be asleep." 但是，由于我当时很年轻而且责任感也很强，我尽量把我的意思这样表达出来：“在 你的余生中，”我说，“平均每天24小时左右。谈恋爱时，你会觉得它有点短；失恋时，你会觉得它有点长。但平均每天24小时会保持不变。在其余的大约8个小时的时间里，你会处于睡眠状态。 "Then for about eight hours of each working day you will, I hope, be usefully employed. Assume you have gone through pharmacy school —or engineering, or law school, or client doesn't go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. These are all useful pursuits. They involve skills every man must respect, and they can all bring you basic
MoreWork on the Text Ⅱ Vocabulary 1. Translate. (P14 1 From English into Chinese. (1学校教职员工 (10青春期 (2政治上的成熟 (11种族偏见 (3成长过程中的变化 (12每天工作日程 (4认同危机 (13伦理道德观念 (5恋爱关系 (14处理日常生活的能力 (6遗传工程 (15历史背景 (7学术生活 (16异性 (8偶然事件 (17感情上的支持 (9民族认同 (18生活方式 2 From Chinese into English. (1 to pursue an education (10 to drag one's feet (2 to acquire knowledge (11 to evaluate the result (3 to handle the case (12 to process knowledge (4 to define the word (13 to perform one's duty (5 to select one's major (14 to narrow the gap
(6 to resent the treatment (15 to expand business (7 to establish their identity (16 to expect better results (8 to frustrate the students (17 to assemble cars (9 to declare war (18 to present facts 2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following. (P15 1 Give synonyms. (1 objective, purpose, end (7 choice (2 to happen (8 to choose/to pick or pick out (3 to increase/to enlarge/to grow/to develop (9 main/chief/principal/leading (4 to try/to attempt/to make an effort (10 belief (5 clear (11 strong feeling (6 magazine (12 to get/to gain/to obtain 2 Give antonyms. (1 masculine (9 to exclude (2 immature (10 disapproval (3 independence (11 mistrust/distrust
我们像在暖房里种花那样养孩子是错误的。我们必须让他们接触各种社会问题，因为不久他们就将作为公民来应对这些问题。 It was wrong to raise our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. We must expose them to all social problems because very soon they will be dealing with them as responsible citizens. 随着时间的推移，我们不可避免地会越来越多地卷入国际事务。而冲突必然会发生，因为国家之间总有不同的观点和利益。 As time goes on we are inevitably going to get more and more involved in international affairs. And conflicts are sure to occur because there always exists different views and interests among nations 我们为我们的成就而骄傲，我们有理由感到骄傲。但是我们永远不能变得狂妄，不然我们就会失去我们的朋友。 We are proud of our accomplishments, and we have reason to be. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends. 信息现在唾手可得。一个普通的电脑就能储存一个普通图书馆的信息。 Information is now easily available. An average computer can store the information of a small library. 那家建筑公司没有资格操作这个项目。他们没有任何法律文件能证明他们具备必要的专门技术。我们必须找一个专门建造歌剧院的公司。 That construction company is not qualified to handle the project. They do not have any legal document to certify that they have the necessary expertise. We must find a company that specializes in building theatres. 这些智囊团不作决策。他们力图提出一些对决策者十分有用的新主意和深刻的分析。These think tanks do not make decisions. They are out to generate new ideas and penetrating analyses that will be extremely useful for decision makers. 国内生产总值不是一切。如果人民的生活质量没有真正改善的话，我们国家就不能说已经现代化了。 The growth of GDP is not everything. Our country cannot be said to have been modernized unless the quality of our people?s lives is really improved. 虽然那时候我们在很多方面都很困难，但作为孩子我们仍然幸福，因为有干净的空气、水；江河湖泊里有很多鱼、螃蟹，黄鳝；田野里有花，有树，有鸟。 Poor as we were in many ways at that time, we were still quite happy as children, for there was clean air, clean water, a lot of fish, crabs and eels in the rivers, lakes and ponds; and a lot of flowers, trees and birds in the fields.
Lesson 1 1. A white lie is better than a black lie. 一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。 2. To upset this cultural homicide, the Negro must rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood. 为了挫败各种蓄意培植的低人一等的心态，黑人必须直起腰来宣布自己高贵的人格。3. …with a spirit straining toward t rue self-esteem, the Negro must throw off the manacles of self-abnegation… 黑人必须一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神，大胆抛弃自我克制的枷锁。 4. What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic. 必须懂得没有爱的权利是毫无节制的、易被滥用的，而没有权利的爱则是多愁善感、脆弱无力的。 5. It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes the major crisis of our times. 正是这种邪恶的权利和没有权势的道义的冲突构成了我们时代的主要危机。 6. Now early in this century this proposal would have been greeted with ridicule and denunciation, as destructive of initiative and responsibility. 在本世纪之初，这种建议会受到嘲笑和谴责，认为它对主动性和责任感其负面作用。7. The fact is that the work which improves the condition of mankind, the work which extends knowledge and increases power and enriched literature and elevates thought, is not done to secure a living. 事实上，人们从事改善人类出镜的工作，从事传播知识、增强实力、丰富文学财富以及升华思想的工作并不是为了谋生。 8. …it can spend billions of dollars to put God’s children on their own two feet right here on earth. 9. Furthermore, few if any violent revolutions have been successful unless the violent minority had the sympathy and support of the nonresistant majority. 除非主张暴力的少数人得到大多数人的同情与支持，不和他们对抗，否则，暴力革命很少或者说几乎没有成功的。 10. Let us realize the arc of the moral universe is long but is bends towards justice. 我们要懂得道义的苍穹长又长，但它终将落向正义。 Lesson 2 1.Instead of getting big fat curls, I emerged with an uneven mass of crinkly black fuzz. 我的头发没有做出我要的大卷花，而是给我弄成一头乱蓬蓬的黑色小卷毛。 2.She checked to see if that was possibly one way to pronounce “Helsinki” before showing me the answer. 在她告诉我答案前，她对了对手中的杂志，看看赫尔辛基是否能这样发音。 3.She seemed entranced by the music, a little frenzied piano piece with this mesmerizing quality, sort of quick passages and then teasing lilting ones before it returned to the quick playful parts. 她似乎被这音乐吸引住了。这钢琴曲不长，但有点狂乱，有着迷人的特点，乐曲一开始时快节奏的，接着是欢快跳动的节拍，然后又回到嬉戏的部分。 4.If she had as much talent as she has temper , she could be famous now.
“基础英语”课程教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 课程名称：基础英语 英文名称：Comprehensive English 课程编号：05405101 课程类别：专业基础课 教学对象：英语专业（师范类）本科生 学时数：总学时414，周学时6 开课学期及授课时间：第1－4学期第1－18周(第1学期军事训练、入学教育2周；第3学期生产劳动1周) 二、课程概述 基础英语课是高等学校英语专业（四年制）基础阶段的主干课程。本课程参照英语专业低年级和高年级教学大纲对学生英语综合运用能力的要求，力求从听、说、读、写各个方面提高学生的英语语言综合运用能力，为学生今后的专业课学习奠定基础。 三、教学任务与目的 通过本阶段的学习和训练，学生应牢固掌握英语的基本语音、基本语法和基本词汇；在此基础上能正确熟练地应英语进行听、说、读、写，达到进行交际的目的，为学生进入高年级学习打下坚实的基础。具体地说，基础阶段的学生通过本门课的学习应该系统掌握下列英语语言基础知识： 1）语言体系知识(Knowledge Of language system)指语音、词汇和语法结构等方面的内容。 2）话语知识(Knowledge Of discourse)不仅能得体地用语言进行意义交流，还可进行情感交流。 3）英语国家的社会文化知识(Culture)。学生在学习英语的同时接受到比较系统的文化知识的熏陶。 还应具有以下几方面的能力： 1）学习者的学习策略能力(Learner's strategies)具有正确的学习策略。 2）语言思维能力(Higher-order thinking ability)。学习者能用英语进行符合交际要求的思维活动。 3）语言教师的职业能力(Professionalism) 在学习语言的同时得到初步的职业训练。 四、建议教材及参考书目
Vocabulary 1 Translate the following expressions. Into English 1. distribute wealth 2. drill a hole 3. drive the turbine 4. refine/extract oil 5. invite disaster 6. irrigate land 7. squander money Into Chinese 1. 无法满足的需求 2. 不明智的补救办法 3. 地下水水位 4. 已经断流的河流 5. 饥荒、瘟疫及大规模的移民 6. 供应及需求 7. 大澡盆、电热淋浴及抽水马桶 8. sustain river deltas and wetlands 9. sweep the globe 10. drain/remove the sewage 11. save water 12. conserve soil 13. satisfy the demands: meet the needs 14. harness rivers and lakes 8. 作物品种 9. 灌溉区 10. 物质不灭定律；质量守恒定律 11. 海水谈化 12. 供不应求；供过于求 13. 濒危物种 14. 冷却系统 15. 火电 4 Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Statistics show that China has a total amount of 2.8 trillion cubic meters of water resources, second only to Brazil, Russia and Canada, ranking the fourth (to be updated) in the world. But when divided by 1.3 billion, our average per-capita share of water resources only amounts to about one quarter of the world’s average. 2. We have always been heavily burdened with the problem of water shortage. It is said that of the 661 large and medium-sized cities nationwide, about two-thirds are suffering from an acute shortage of water. Beijing is a good example in point. It not only lacks surface water, even its underground water table is dangerously low. It is reported
Michael Welzenbach 1. When I was 12 years old, my family moved to England, the fourth major move in my short life. My father’s government job demanded that he go overseas every few years, so I was used to wrenching myself away from friends. 2. We rented an 18th-century farmhouse in Berkshire. Nearby were ancient castles and churches. Loving nature, however, I was most delighted by the endless patchwork of farms and woodland that surrounded our house. In the deep woods that verged against our back fence, a network of paths led almost everywhere, and pheasants rocketed off into the dense laurels ahead as you walked. 3. I spent most of my time roaming the woods and fields alone, playing Robin Hood, daydreaming, collecting bugs and bird-watching. It was heaven for a boy —but a lonely heaven. Keeping to myself was my way of not forming attachments that I would only have to abandon
Lesson Eight The Kindness of Strangers Mike Mclntyre 1. One summer I was driving from my home town of Tahoe City, Calif, to New Orleans. In the middle of the desert, I came upon a young man standing by the roadside. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. I drove right by him. There was a time in the country when you' d be considered a jerk if you passed by somebody in need. Now you are a fool for helping. With gangs, drug addicts, murderers, rapists, thieves lurking everywhere, "I don't want to get involved" has become a national motto. 2. Several states later I was still thinking about the hitchhiker. Leaving him stranded in the desert did not bother me so much. What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision. I never even lifted my foot off the accelerator. 3. Does anyone stop any more? I wondered. I recalled Blanche DuBois's famous line: "I have always depended on the kindness of strangers." Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days? One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the good will of his fellow Americans. What kind of Americans would he find? Who would feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road? 4. The idea intrigued me. 5. The week I turned 37, I realized that I had never taken a gamble in my life. So I decided to travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny. It would be a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar. I would only accept offers of rides, food and a place to rest my head. My final destination would be Cape Fear in North Carolina, a symbol of all the fears I'd have to conquer during the trip. 6. I rose early on September 6, 1994, and headed for the Golden Gate Bridge with a 50-pound pack on my back and a sign displaying my destination to passing vehicles: "America." 7. For six weeks I hitched 82 rides and covered 4223 miles across 14 states. As I traveled, folks were always warning me about someplace else. In Montana they told me to watch out for the cowboys in Wyoming, In Nebraska they said people would not be as nice in Iowa. Yet I was treated with kindness everywhere I went. I was amazed by people's readiness to help a stranger, even when it seemed to run contrary to their own best interests. 8. One day in Nebraska a car pulled to the road shoulder. When I reached the window, I saw two little old ladies dressed in their Sunday finest." I know you're not supposed to pick up hitchhikers, but it's so far between towns out here, you feel bad passing a person," said the driver, who introduced herself as Vi. I didn't know whether to kiss them or scold them for stopping. This woman was telling me she'd rather risk her life than feel bad about passing a stranger on the side of the road. 9. Once when I was hitchhiking unsuccessfully in the rain, a trucker pulled over, locking his brakes so hard he skidded on the grass shoulder. The driver told me he was once robbed at knifepoint by a hitchhiker. "But I hate to see a man stand out in the rain," he added. "People don't have no heart anymore." 10. I found, however, that people were generally compassionate. Hearing I had no money and would take none, people bought me food or shared whatever they happened to have with them. Those who had the least to give often gave the most. In Oregon a house painter named Mike noted the chilly weather and asked if I had a coat. When he learned that I had "a light one," he drove me to his house, and handed me a big green army-style jacket. A lumber-mill worker named Tim invited me to a simple dinner with his family in their shabby house. Then he offered me his tent. I refused, knowing it was probably one of the family's most valuable possessions. But Tim was determined that I have it, and finally I agreed to take it. 11. I was grateful to all the people I met for their rides, their food, their shelter, and their gifts. But what I found most touching was the fact that they all did it as a matter of course.