必修5
Unit 1 Great scientists
Reading
JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
John Snow was ______ famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, _____ he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became _________ (inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people ______ (expose) to cholera. This was the ______ (dead) disease of its day. Neither its cause ______ its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was _____ outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never _______ (control) until its cause was found.
He became interested ______ two theories that possibly explained _____ cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around ______ it found its victims. The second suggested that people ________ (absorb) this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the ________ (affect) person died.
John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct ______ he needed evidence. So when _______ outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. ______ the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was _____ severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out _______.
First he marked on a map the exact places _______ all the dead people had lived. This gave ______ a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made _______ (far) investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub _____ 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was _________ (blame).
Next, John Snow looked _______ the source of the water for these two streets. He found that ______ came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the ________ (astonish) people in Broad Street to remove the handle _______ the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.
In another part of London, he found _______ (support) evidence from two other deaths that were linked ____ the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, ______ had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it _______ (deliver) to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died ____ cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water _______ (carry) the virus.
To prevent this from ______ (happen) again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies ________ (examine). The water companies were instructed not to expose people _____ polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" _______ (defeat).
Using Language
COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY
Nicolaus Copernicus was ________ (frighten) and his mind was confused. ________ he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: _____ the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only ______ you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about ______ theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him _____ even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and _____ that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.
The problem _______ (arise) because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and _______ go forward in a loop. _______ appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange _____ the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round ______. Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find ____ answer. He __________ (collect) observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain _____. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually ________ (improve) his theory until he felt ______ was complete.
In 1514 he showed it _________ (private) to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed _____ fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still _______ (go) round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to _______ (attack) by the Christian Church, so he only published it ______ he lay dying in 1543.
Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, _______ (say) it was against God's idea and people who supported ______ would be attacked. Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on _____ all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, _______ said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was _______ (obvious) wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link ________ his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.
Module5 Unit 1
1. 看起来一些自然灾害应归咎于全球变暖。
It seems that global warming could be to blame for the _____________．
2. 中国著名运动员刘翔的伤痛的确严重，以至他可能会出国治疗。
The injury to China's famous athlete Liu Xiang is ___________ he may go abroad for medical treatment.
3. 专家提出的计划得到了政府的认可。
The project ___________ by experts has been accepted by the government.
4. 只有集中精力在学习上，你才能获得进步。
Only if you are absorbed in your study _________________________.
5. 每次试着去办公室找他，我总是被告知他在开会。
___________ I try to visit him in his office, I’m told he is having a meeting。
6. 别在太阳下晒得太久，否则你会被晒伤。
Don’t ______ yourself ____ the sun for too long ____ you will get sunburned.
Unit 2 The United Kingdom
Reading
PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY
People may wonder _____ different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question ______ you study British history.
_______ there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now ______ people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined _____ Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". ________ (happy) this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by _______ (get) Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. _________, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke ______ to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.
To ______ credit, the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for _________ (compete) like the World Cup!
England is the ________ (large) of the four countries, and for _________ (convenient) it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known ____ the North. You find most of the population _______ (settle) in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. _________, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is ____ pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For _________ (history) architecture you have to go to older but _______ (small) towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.
The greatest historical treasure of all is London ______ its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port ______ (build) by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman _______ (rule) in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, __________ (influence) the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.
If you look around the British countryside, you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open ______ you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom ________ (enjoy) and worthwhile.
Using Language
SIGHTSEEING IN LONDON
_______ (worry) about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained _______ (stand) for one thousand years. ________ the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison _______ (combine). To _____ great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels _______ (guard) by special royal soldiers who, _____ special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.
There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid _____ first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory _____ dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just _____ she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, _______ (ring) out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!
The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock _____ sets the world time. _____ interested her most was the longitude line. It is _____ imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, _____ Pingyu had a photo _______ (take) standing on either side of the line.
The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man _____ had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, _____ he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. ______ (sad) the library had moved from its original place into _______ building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors ______ (enjoy) looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.
The next day Pingyu was leaving London ______ Windsor Castle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen?" she wondered _____ she fell asleep.
Module5 Unit 2
1. 我的早餐包括巧克力饼干和牛奶。
My breakfast ______________ chocolate-covered biscuits and milk.
2. 北京奥运会盛大的开幕式吸引了全球亿万观众的注意力。
The magnificent opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games ______________ of millions of people all over the world.
3. 值得称赞的是，史密斯先生不乐意卷入。
To his credit, Mr. Smith was unwilling to_______________.
4. 为了图方便, 我把参考书放在书桌前。
I keep my reference books near my desk ________________.
5. 他以证明别人有错为乐。(take great delight)
He takes great delight ___ proving others wrong.
6. 在工作的重压下他的身体垮掉了。
His health broke down ___ the pressure of work.
7. 南奥塞梯(South Ossetia)在八月二十六日脱离格鲁吉亚(Georgia)并宣布独立的消息，使我们很震惊。We were shocked __ the news that South Ossetia ______________ Georgia and declared independence on August 26.
8. 她在试卷上漏写了名字。
She ______her name on the test paper.
Unit 3 Life in the future
Reading
FIRST IMPRESSIONS
Spacemall: liqiang299A@https://www.doczj.com/doc/4614159943.html, 15/11/3008 (Earthtime)
Dear Mum and Dad,
I still cannot believe that I am taking _____ this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself _______ (constant) that I am really in AD 3008. _______ (worry) about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered _______ “Time lag”. This is similar ______ the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain ____ first. ______, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets ______ helped a lot. Well-known for their expertise, his parents' company, called "Future Tours", _________ (transport) me safely into the future in a time capsule.
I can still remember the moment _______ the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after _____ calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways _____ we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still ____ the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?
At first my new surroundings were difficult ___________ (tolerate). The air seemed thin, as ______ its combination of gases had little oxygen ______ (leave). Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment _____ this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. "Put on this mask," he advised. "It'll make you feel much better." He handed _____ to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in _____ time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage _______ (drive) by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping _______ (fast) my safety belt and showed me _____ to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. ______, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached ______ looked like a large market because of too many carriages ________ (fly) by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just _____ that moment I had a "time lag" flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of _____ was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after ______.
_______ (arrive) at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall,
a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved - it was made of trees! I found _____ (late) that their leaves provided the room _______ much-needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as ____ by magic. "______ not sit down and eat a little?" he said. "You may find this difficult ______ it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you'll be ready _______ some visits." Having said this, _____ spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
More news later from your loving son,
Li Qiang
Using Language
I HA VE SEEN AMAZING THINGS
My first visit was to a space station _______ (consider) the most modem in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth's gravity. Inside was _____ exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31 st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a _______ (move) path.
G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we're going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a "thoughtpad". You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it's sent. It's stored on the "thoughtpad" of the receiver. It's quick, efficient and ____________ (environment) friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?
During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called "thoughtpads" on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. ______ ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us _____.
G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the "environment area". People used to collect waste in dustbins.
Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I fight? (We nodded.) Well, now there's a system _____ the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more,_________ (swallow) all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as "fertilizer" for the fields and "soil" for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn't' it?
I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, ________ (absorb) by its efficiency. But again we moved on. G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. ___________ (manufacture) no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one. A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc.
There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production.
When the goods are ready they're transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.
My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased _____ I thought of the wonderful world of the future.
Module5 Unit 3
1. 我正在考虑将国际象棋作为我的新爱好，因为它可以训练一个人的思维。
I am thinking of _____________ chess as my new hobby as it helps to ______________.
2. 她出生于北京的一个工人家庭，5岁就开始打乒乓球。
Born into a worker’s family in Beijing, she began to play table tennis ____________________ five.
3. 在股票市场亏损了所有的资产之后，他过了好多年才在资金方面恢复过来。
After _____ all his money in the stock market, it was many years before the man could ___________ his feet financially.
4. 我们应该乐观向上，永远对生活保持一种积极的态度。
We should be optimistic and always ____________________ life.
5．你不应该将这次比赛的失利归咎于他；那不是他的错。(blame… for…)
You shouldn’t blame him for the _________ of the competition. I t isn’t his fault.
6. 多亏专家及时赶到，他们的难题随即便就得到了解决。
Thanks to the quick __________ of the expert, their problem was solved in no time.
7. 我们不能忽视这样一个事实：那就是报纸需对所服务的社区负责。
We must not ____ sight of the fact that each newspaper needs to ____________________ the community that it serves.
8．在未来，我们希望我们能够建立一个环保地回收垃圾的系统。（where引导的定语从句）
____________, we hope we can develop a system where waste can be recycled in _______________________________ way.
Unit 4 Making the news
Reading
MY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT
"Unforgettable", says new journalist
_______ will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life _____ a journalist.
HX: Welcome. We're delighted you're coming to work with us. Your first job here will be _____ assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?
ZY: Can I go out _____ a story immediately?
HX: (laughing) That' s _________ (admire), but I' m afraid _____ would be unusual ! Wait till you' re more experienced. First we'll put you as an assistant to an __________ (experience) journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article _________.
ZY: Wonderful. What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.
HX: No need for a camera. You'll have a professional photographer with you to take photographs. You'll find your colleagues very eager ______ assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later ____ you' re interested.
ZY: Thank you. Not only ______ I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.
HX: Good.
ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?
HX: You need to be curious. Only _____ you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good "nose" _____ a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover _____. They must use research to inform themselves of the _______ (miss) parts of the story.
ZY: What should I keep in mind?
HX: Here _______ (come) my list of dos and don'ts: don't miss your deadline, don't be rode, don't talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.
ZY: Why is listening so important?
HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on _____ the person says.
ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?
HX: This is a trick of the trade, If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It's also useful ______ a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.
ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case ______ someone accused your journalists _____ getting the wrong end of the stick?
HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is ______ the story goes. A footballer was accused of taking money ______ deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied _______ (take) money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him. When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer's body language _____ he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article _______ (suggest) he was guilty. It was _____ dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing _____ but later we were proved right.
ZY: Wow! That was a real "scoop". I'm looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I'll get a scoop too!
HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.
Using Language
GETTING THE "SCOOP"
"Quick," said the editor. "Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the _____ newspapers. This is a scoop." Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after ____ interview with a famous film star. "Did he really do that?" asked someone from the International News Department. "Yes, I' m afraid he did," Zhou Yang answered. He set _____ work.
His first task was ________ (write) his story, but he had to do it carefully. _______ he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.
The first person _____ saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it ____ to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and ______ (small) heading. “This will look very good on the page,” she said. "Where is a good picture of this man?" Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker ______ (employ) by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang's story. "You are really able to write a good front page article," she said. Zhou Yang smiled with _______ (happy). Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. "Well done," he said to Zhou Yang. "But please show ____ your evidence so we're sure we've got our facts straight.” “I’ll bring it to you immedi ately," said Zhou Yang ________ (excite).
The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was _____ first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and _____ they were combined they made a coloured page for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready ___________ (print). Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. "Wait 611 tonight," his friend whispered. "I expect _______ will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop!"
Module5 Unit 4
1. 只有当你经历了很多磨难后, 你才知道幸福的可贵。(only if)
2. 如果你专注于英语学习，你会有效地掌握这门语言。
If you _______ your energies on the study of English, you’ll _______the language ____________.
3. 在得知自己上呈给教育部门的信被发表在报纸上这一消息时，这个家庭主妇很高兴。
The housewife was delighted at the news that the letter she ______ to the education department was ____ in the newspaper.
4. 我不仅对摄影感兴趣，而且在大学里我还专修过摄影课来提高我的技术。
________________________ photography, but I took a course at university to improve my skills.
6. 老实说，为了如期完成这项任务，我两天两夜都没睡觉。
To tell you the truth, I _____________ 2 days and nights so as to finish the task _________________. 7. 他被指控杀人, 确认后被宣判死罪。
He was accused ___murder, convinced and sentenced ___ death.
8. 这个记者被派去报道一个受贿官员的有关新闻。
The journalist was sent to _____ the news about _________ who took bribes.
9. 使她的父母感到开心的是，她在班上总是遥遥领先。
She is always ___________ the rest of the class, _______ makes her parents very happy.
Reading
FIRST AID FOR BURNS
The skin is _____ essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin _____ act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's ______ (harm) rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm ____ cool; it prevents your body ______ losing too much water; it is ______ you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, _____ your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the ________(treat) of bums.
Causes of burns
You can get burned by a ______ (various) of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.
Types of burns
There are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on ______ layers of the skin are burned.
◎First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a mordent.
◎Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These bums are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and bums caused by hot liquids.
◎Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin.
Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital _____ once.
Characteristics of burns
First degree burns
◎dry, red and mildly swollen
◎mildly painful
◎turn white when pressed
Second degree burns
◎rough, red and swollen
◎blisters
◎______ (water) surface
◎_______ (extreme) painful
Third degree burns
◎black and white and charred
◎swollen; often tissue under them can be seen
◎little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of
injured area.
1 Remove clothing using scissors ______ necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.
2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently ______( run) water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming ______ (bear) and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water _____ third degree burns.
3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out ____ placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour _____ the pain is not so bad.
4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rob, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get _____ (infect).
5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage ____ place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on bums as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
6 If bums are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If bums are on the face, the victim should sit up.
7 If the injuries are second or third degree bums, it is vital ______ (get) the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
Using Language
HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AW ARD
Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, _________ (honour) at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.
John was presented with his award ____ a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people _____ had saved the life of another.
John was studying in his room _____ he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed _______ (repeat) with a knife. She was lying in her front garden _______ (bleed) very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.
It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid _____ saved Ms Slade's life. He immediately asked ____ number of nearby people for bandages, but ______ nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these ______ (treat) the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds ______ the police and ambulance arrived.
"I'm proud of _____ I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught," John said.
John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When ____________ (congratulate) John, Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, "There is no doubt _____ John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make _____ real difference."
________ receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.
Module 5 U5
1. 在某人受伤时，懂得急救知识能发挥重要的作用。
It is a ________ of first aid that can ______________________________ when someone is hurt. 2. 虽然这里有许多书，但我找不到我想要的那本。
Although there are a large number of books here, I ca n’t _____ my hands _____ the one I wanted.
3. 晚会上的一切都已经摆放好了，我们终于可以放松休息一下了。
Everything is _____________________ the party, so we can finally _____ and have a rest.
4. 毫无疑问, 在反复练习后,他会做得更好。
________________________ he will do a better job after practicing it over and over again. 5. 为了阻止火灾蔓延, 你应当中断电源。
You should _____the electricity supply to prevent the fire from spreading.
6. 好好休息一两天, 有必要的时候就吃这个药。
Have a good rest for _____________ and take this pill when _________.
7. 他很感激我为他做的一切并把我当最好的朋友对待。
He was very grateful ____ me for what I had done for him and ________ me ___his best friend.
8.校长为他颁发了优秀学生奖。The headmaster _____ him with the award as an excellent student.
人教版高中语文必修1-必修 5 文言文重点句子 翻译汇总 必修1 1. 若舍郑以为东道主，行李之往来，共其乏困，君亦无所害。（《烛之武退秦师》） 2. 夫晋，何厌之有既东封郑，又欲肆其西封，若不阙秦，将焉取之（《烛之武退秦师》） 3. 微太子言，臣愿得谒之。（《荆轲刺秦王》） 4. 秦之遇将军，可谓深矣。父母宗族，皆为戮没。（《荆轲刺秦王》） 5. 太子及宾客知其事者，皆白衣冠以送之。（《荆轲刺秦王》） 6. 燕王拜送于庭，使使以闻大王。（《荆轲刺秦王》） 7. 固不如也，且为之奈何（《鸿门宴》） 8. 所以遣将守关者，备他盗之出入与非常也。（《鸿门宴》） 9. 若入前为寿，寿毕，请以剑舞，因击沛公于坐，杀之。不者，若属皆且为所虏。（《鸿门宴》） 10. 大行不顾细谨，大礼不辞小让，如今人方为刀俎，我为鱼肉，何辞为（《鸿门宴》） 答案： 1. 如果您放弃灭郑的打算，而把它作为秦国东方道路上的主人，秦国使者往来，郑国可以随时供给他们所缺乏的东西，对秦国来说，也没有什么害处。 （“以为”，把它作为；“行李”，往来官员；“乏困”，缺乏的东西；补充省略主语“您”） 2. 晋国有什么满足的呢现在它已向东边使郑国成为疆界，又想扩张他西部的疆界。如果不侵损秦国，晋国从哪里取得它所企求的土地呢 （何厌之有”宾语前置，有什么满足；封”使动使…成为边界”阙”，侵损；焉” 兼词，从哪里） 3. 如果没有太子这番话，我也会请求行动。
（“微”，如果没有；“谒”，请求） 4. 秦国对待，可以说是刻毒透顶了。父亲、母亲和同族的人都被杀死或没收入官为奴。（“遇”，对待；“深”，刻毒；“为戮没”，被动句，被杀死或没收入官） 5. 太子和知道这件事的门客，都穿着白衣戴白帽来为荆轲送行。 （“宾客知其事者”，定语后置，知道这件事的门客；“衣冠”，名词用作动词，穿白衣戴白帽） 6. 燕王在朝廷上行跪拜大礼送出来，派使者来禀告大王。 （“拜送于庭”，状语后置，在朝廷上拜送出来；“使使”，派使者；“闻”，使动，让您听到） 7. 本来就比不上他啊，那我将要怎么办呢 （“固”，本来；“为之奈何”，固定句式，怎么办） 8. 我之所以派部队把守函谷关，是防备其他盗贼进来和意外事故。 （“所以”，表原因，之所以；“出入”，偏意复词，进入；“非常”，意外事故）9. 你进去上前祝酒，祝酒完了，请求舞剑助兴，趁机把刘邦击倒在座位上，杀掉他。不然的话，你们都将被他所俘虏！ （“若”，你；“击沛公于坐”，状语后置，在座位上击杀沛公；“不者”，否则；“且为所虏”，被动句，将被他所俘虏） 10. 做大事不必顾及小节，讲大礼不必计较小的谦让。现在人家正好比是菜刀和砧板，我们则好比是鱼肉，告辞干什么呢 （方为”正是；何…?为”固定句式，为什么??…呢） 必修2 11. 固知一死生为虚诞，齐彭殇为妄作。（《兰亭集序》） 12. 盖将自其变者而观之，则天地曾不能以一瞬……而又何羡乎！（《赤壁赋》） 13. 既其出，则或咎其欲出者，而余亦悔其随之而不得极夫游之乐也。（《游褒禅 山记》） 14. 有志与力，而又不随以怠，至于幽暗昏惑而无物以相之，亦不能至也。（《游
必修五 1.MODULE 1 Words, words, words词，词，词 British and American English are different in many ways. 英式英语和美式英语在 很多方面都有所不同。The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. 首先最明显的是在词汇方面。There are hundreds of different words which are not used on the other side of the Atlantic, or which are used with a different meaning. 有数以百计个不同的词在大西洋彼岸的另一个英语国家不被使用，或者以一种不同的意思被使用着。Some of these words are well known---Americans drive automobiles down freeways and fill up with gas;其中有些词就很广泛地为人所知--- 美国人在freeways上驾驶的是automobiles，给车加gas;the British drive cars along motorways and fill up with petrol.英国人在motorways上驾驶的是cars，给车加petrol。As a tourist, you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York, or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi(British) or cab (American).作为游人，在伦敦你要乘underground，而在纽约则是subway，或者你愿意乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab (美式)游览城市。 Chips or French files Chips 还是French fries? But other words and expressions are not so well known.但是其他词语和表达方式却没有这么广泛地为人所知。Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it's a torch.美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人却叫它torch。The British queue up; Americans stand in line.英国人排队用queue up，而美国人说stand in line。有时候，Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing. 同一个单词在意义上一点细微的差别就让人很困惑。Chips, for example, are pieces of hot fried potato in Britain; in the States chips are very thin and are sold in packets.比如chips这个词在英国是热炸的薯条，在美国chips却指非常薄而且装在纸袋里出售的薯片。The British call these crisps.英国人把这种东西称为crips。The chips the British know and love are French fries on the other side of the Atlantic. 英国人知道而且喜欢的薯条在大西洋对岸被称为French fries 。Have or have got? Have 还是have got?
高中英语必修五课文及翻 译 Final approval draft on November 22, 2020
-必修 5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom Reading PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history. First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup! England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture. The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national
人教版必修1至必修5文言文重点句子翻译及答案汇编 1?若舍郑以为东道主，行李之往来，共其乏困，君亦无所害。（必修一《烛之武退秦师》） 2?夫晋，何厌之有既东封郑，又欲肆其西封，若不阙秦，将焉取之（必修一《烛之武退秦师》） 3?微太子言，臣愿得谒之。（必修一《荆轲刺秦王》） 4. 秦之遇将军，可谓深矣。父母宗族，皆为戮没。 （必修一《荆轲刺秦王》） 5?太子及宾客知其事者，皆白衣冠以送之。（必修一《荆轲刺秦王》） 6?燕王拜送于庭，使使以闻大王。（必修一《荆轲刺秦王》） 7?固不如也，且为之奈何（必修一《鸿门宴》） 8?所以遣将守关者，备他盗之出入与非常也。（必修一《鸿门宴》） 9?若入前为寿，寿毕，请以剑舞，因击沛公于坐，杀之。不者，若属皆且为所虏。（必 修一《鸿门宴》） 10.大行不顾细谨，大礼不辞小让，如今人方为刀俎，我为鱼肉，何辞为（必修一《鸿门宴》） 11?固知一死生为虚诞，齐彭殇为妄作。（必修二《兰亭集序》） 12?盖将自其变者而观之，则天地曾不能以一瞬……而又何羡乎！（必修二《赤壁赋》）13?既其出，则或咎其欲出者，而余亦悔其随之而不得极夫游之乐也。（必修二《游褒禅
山记》） 14. 有志与力，而又不随以怠，至于幽暗昏惑而无物以相之，亦不能至也。（必修二《游 褒禅山记》） 15. 谨庠序之教，申之以孝悌之义，颁白者不负戴于道路矣。（必修三《寡人之于国也》） 16. 是何异于刺人而杀之，曰‘非我也，兵也’（必修三《寡人之于国也》） 17. 故木受绳则直，金就砺则利，君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。（必修三《劝学》） 18. 蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强，上食埃土，下饮黄泉，用心一也。蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇 鳝之穴无可寄托者，用心躁也。（必修三《劝学》） 19. 诸侯恐惧，会盟而谋弱秦，不爱珍器重宝肥饶之地，以致天下之士，合从缔交，相与为一。（必修三《过秦论》） 20. 秦人开关延敌，九国之师，逡巡而不敢进。（必修三《过秦论》） 21. 良将劲弩守要害之处，信臣精卒陈利兵而谁何（必修三《过秦论》） 22. 斩木为兵，揭竿为旗，天下云集响应，赢粮而景从。山东豪俊遂并起而王秦族矣。 （必修三《过秦论》） 23. 一夫作难而七庙隳，身死人手，为天下笑者，何也仁义不施而攻守之势异也。（必修三《过秦论》）
必修五课文原文翻译 unit 1约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王” 约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。但当他一想到要帮助(那些)得了霍乱的普通百姓时，就感到很受鼓舞。霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病。人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。约翰·斯诺想面对这一挑战，解决这一问题。他知道在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。 他对霍乱致人死地的两种推测产生了兴趣。第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，像一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。病毒从胃部开始迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。 约翰·斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但需要有证据。因此在1854年伦敦再次爆发霍乱时，他就着手准备对此调研。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延时，约翰·斯诺开始搜集信息。他发现特别在两条街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查清原因。 他首先在地图上标注出所有死者曾住过的确切地点。该图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。许多死者都住在布洛德街上的水泵附近(尤其是这条街上的16、37、38和40号)。他还发现有些住户(如布洛德街20号和21号及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。他未预料到这种情况，于是他做了进一步调查。他发现这些人是在剑桥街7号的酒馆里打工。酒馆为他们供应免费啤酒，因此他们没喝布洛德街水泵里的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。 接下来，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街上的水源。他发现水来自于河里，这条河被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。约翰·斯诺立即告诉布洛德街上惊慌失措的人们拆掉水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就开始得到缓解。他证明了霍乱是通过细菌传播而非气团传播。 在伦敦的另一地区，他从另外两例与布洛德街疾病爆发有关的死亡病例中得到了有力的证据。一个妇女，从布洛德街搬走了，但她非常喜欢水泵的水，她让人每天从水泵给她家送水。她和她的女儿在喝了这些水后，都死于霍乱。利用这个额外证据，约翰·斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌。 为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。供水公司也得到指示再也不能让人们接触污染水了。“霍乱王”终于被击败了。
人教版·高中语文必修五 《归去来兮辞（并序）》 我家境贫困，耕种田地不够用来供给自己（生活）。孩子生了一屋子，米缸里没有储存的粮食，维持生活所需要的东西，（我也）没有得到它的办法。亲戚朋友经常劝我出去做个小官，我自己也产生了这种念头，（但）求官又没有门路。刚巧碰上有出使到外地去的事情，各地州郡长官都以爱惜人才为美德，我的叔父因为（看到）我贫困艰苦（就加以推荐），于是就被任命为小城的官吏。在那时，战乱还没有平息，心里害怕远地的差使。彭泽县距离家乡只有一百里路程，公田收获的粮食足够酿酒之用，因此就请命要了下来。（但）没几天，思念田园，就产生了归乡的念头。为什么呢？（因为我的）本性坦率自然，不是勉强做作所能够改变的；饥冻虽然是切肤之痛，但违背自己本心（更会）使我受到双重的痛苦。我曾经做过一些事情，（但）都是为了口腹的需求而勉强驱使自己；于是烦恼得愤懑不已，感到自己非常有愧于平生的志愿。但还是想等到秋收以后，就收拾行装连夜离去。（可是）不久，嫁到程家的妹妹在武昌去世，我心情悲痛，希望立刻就去奔丧，于是就自己弃官离职了。从秋八月到冬季，在官位上做了八十多天。趁着这件事情来抒发自己心里的情意，写了篇文章命名为《归去来兮》。时在乙巳年十一月。 1回去吧，田园快要荒芜了，为什么还不回！既然自认为心志被形体所役使，又为什么惆怅而独自伤悲？认识到过去的错误已不可挽救，知道了未来的事情尚可追回。实在是误入迷途还不算太远，已经觉悟到今天“是”而昨天“非”。归舟轻快地飘荡前进，微风徐徐地吹动着上衣。向行人打听前面的道路，恨晨光还是这样微弱迷离。 2望见家乡的陋屋，我高兴得往前直奔。童仆欢喜地前来迎接，幼儿迎候在家门。庭院小路虽将荒芜，却喜园中松菊还存。我拉着幼儿走进内室，屋里摆着盛满酒的酒樽。拿过酒壶酒杯来自斟自饮，看着庭院里的树枝真使我开颜。靠着南窗寄托着我的傲世情怀，觉得身居陋室反而容易心安。天天在园子里散步自成乐趣，尽管设有园门却常常闭关。拄着手杖或漫步或悠闲地随处休息，不时地抬起头来向远处看看。云烟自然而然地从山洞飘出，鸟儿飞倦了也知道回还。日光渐暗太阳将快要下山，我抚摸着孤松而流连忘返。 3回去吧，我要断绝与外人的交游。既然世俗与我乖违相悖，我还驾车出游有什么可求？亲戚间说说知心话儿叫人心情欢悦，抚琴读书可藉以解闷消愁。农人们告诉我春天已经来临，我将要到西边去耕耘田亩。有的人驾着篷布小车，有的人划着一叶小舟。时而沿着婉蜒的溪水进入山谷，时而循着崎岖的小路走过山丘。树木长得欣欣向荣，泉水开始涓涓奔流。我羡慕物得逢天时，感叹自己的一生行将罢休。 4算了吧！寄身于天地间还有多少时日！何不放下心来听凭生死？为什么还要遑遑不安想去哪里？企求富贵不是我的心愿，寻觅仙境不可期冀。只盼好天气我独自外出，或者将手杖插在田边去除草培苗。登上东边的高岗放声长啸，面对清清的流水吟诵诗篇。姑且随着大自然的变化走向生命的尽头，乐天安命还有什么值得怀疑！ 《滕王阁序》 1这里是过去的豫章郡，如今是洪州的都督府，天上的方位属于翼，轸两星宿的分野，地上的位置连结着衡山和庐山。以三江为衣襟，以五湖为衣带、控制着楚地，连接着闽越。物类的精
苏教版必修五重点句子翻译 《陈情表》 1、祖母刘愍臣孤弱，躬亲抚养。 祖母刘氏可怜我孤单弱小，亲自抚养。 2、既无伯叔，终鲜兄弟；门衰祚薄，晚有儿息。 既没有叔叔伯伯也，没有哥哥弟弟；门庭衰微福分又浅，很晚才得到儿子。 3、臣欲奉召奔驰，则刘病日笃；欲苟顺私情，则告诉不许。 我想手捧召书马上赶路，只因刘氏的病日重一日，想姑且迁就私情，但是报告申诉又得不到准许。 4、但以刘日薄西山，气息奄奄，人命危浅，朝不虑夕。 只因为祖母刘氏已像接近西山的落日，只剩一缕将断的气息，生命十分危险，已经处于朝不保夕的境地。 5、愿陛下矜愍愚诚，听臣微志，庶刘侥幸，保卒余年。 祈望陛下能体恤我愚拙至诚之心，满足我微不足道的心愿，或许祖母刘氏能因此侥幸，最终得以安度余年。 6、臣不胜犬马怖惧之情，谨拜表以闻。 我怀着像犬马一样不胜恐惧的心情，谨此上表禀告。 7、臣以险衅，夙遭闵凶，生孩六月，慈父见背。 我因命运不好，小时候就遭遇到了不幸，刚出生六个月，我慈爱的父亲就不幸去世了8、臣少多疾病，九岁不行 我小的时候经常有病，九岁时还不会走路。 9、寻蒙国恩，除臣洗马。 不久又蒙受国家恩命，任命我为洗马。 10、臣具以表闻，辞不就职。 我全部用表章上报，加以推辞不去就职 11、过蒙拔擢，宠命优渥，岂敢盘桓，有所希冀！ 过分承蒙提拔，而且恩命十分优厚，怎敢犹豫不决另有所图呢？ 12、更相为命，是以区区不能废远。 因此我诚挚的内心实在是不忍废弃奉养祖母而远行。 《项脊轩志》 1、其后二年，余久卧病无聊，乃使人复葺南阁子，其制稍异于前。 又过了两年，我因久卧病榻，心情无聊，于是叫人再次整修南阁子，式样与以前稍有不同。 2、庭有枇杷树，吾妻死之年所手植也，今已亭亭如盖矣。 庭院中有一棵枇杷树，是我妻子在她去世那一年亲手栽种的，现在已长得高大挺拔，像伞盖一样了。 3、借书满架，偃仰啸歌，冥然兀坐，万簌有声。 借来书放满了架子，在这里安居休息，长啸或吟唱，静静地独自坐着，可以听到自然界的所有声音。 4、迨诸父异爨，内外多置小门墙，往往而是。 等到叔父伯父分家了，室内外添置了许多小门，到处都是。 5、庭中始为篱，已为墙，凡再变矣。 庭中开始用篱笆隔开然后用墙隔离，一共变动了两次。
1.必修四Module1 The City of the Future未来城市 What will the city of the future look like未来的城市会是什么样子呢No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. 没有人确切的了解，预测也是一件很危险的事情。But one thing is certain---they are going to get bigger before they get smaller.但是有一件事情是可以肯定的---他们将会先变大，然后再变小。In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources run out. 在未来，爱护环境将会很重要，因为地球的资源将濒临枯竭。We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminum, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. 我们将会使用大量的可回收材料，例如，塑料、铝、钢铁、玻璃、木头和纸。我们浪费自然资源的程度将会有所减弱。We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power.我们也将不得不更多地依赖其他能源。例如，太阳能和风能。All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain. 所有的这些似乎是肯定的，但是还有许多关于城市生活的事情仍是未知的。 To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025.为了获知年轻人对未来城市生活的想法，美国得克萨斯州的一位大学老师让他的学生思考如何管理一个在2025 年拥有5万人口的城市，Here are some of the ideas they had:下面是他们的一些构想: Garbage ships To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.垃圾船:为了摆脱垃圾问题的困扰，城市将会用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃材料，朝太阳射，这样做防止了垃圾填埋和环境间题。 Batman Nets：Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.勤务兵网: 警察逮捕罪犯时，将会向罪犯射出网状物而不是用枪。 Forget smoking：No smoking will be allowed 'within a future city's limits. Smoking will be possible only outside cities, and outdoors.戒烟:在未来城市范围内将禁止吸烟。只有在郊区和户外才允许吸烟。 Forget the malls：In the future all shopping will be done online, and catalogues will
1、臣以险衅，夙遭闵凶。生孩六月，慈父见背。 2、祖母刘愍臣孤弱，躬亲抚养。 3、外无期功强近之亲，内无应门五尺之僮 4、前太守臣逵察臣孝廉；后刺史臣荣举臣秀才。 5、诏书特下，拜臣郎中，寻蒙国恩，除臣洗马。 6、猥以微贱，当侍东宫，非臣陨首所能上报。 7、臣欲奉诏奔驰，则刘病日笃，欲苟顺私情，则告诉不许。 8、今臣亡国贱俘，至微至陋，过蒙拔擢，宠命优渥，岂敢盘桓，有所希冀！ 9、臣无祖母，无以至今日，祖母无臣，无以终余年。 10、是以区区不能废远。 11、臣之辛苦，非独蜀之人士及二州牧伯所见明知，皇天后土实所共鉴。 12、臣生当陨首，死当结草。 13、前辟四窗，垣墙周庭，以当南日，日影反照，室始洞然。 14、庭中始为篱，已为墙，凡再变矣。 15、余自束发读书轩中，一日，大母过余曰：“吾儿，久不见若影，何竟日默默在此，大类女郎 也？”比去，以手阖门，自语曰：“吾家读书久不效，儿之成，则可待乎！” 16、轩凡四遭火，得不焚，殆有神护者。 17、若望仆不相师，而用流俗人之言。 18、人固有一死，或重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛，用之所趋异也。 19、夫人情莫不贪生恶死，念父母，顾妻子；至激于义理者不然，乃有所不得已也。 20、古者富贵而名摩灭，不可胜记，唯倜傥非常之人称焉。
21、亦欲以究天人之际，通古今之变，成一家之言。 22、仆诚以著此书，藏之名山，传之其人，通邑大都，则仆偿前辱之责(zhài). 23、今虽欲自雕琢，曼辞以自饰，无益，于俗不信，适足取辱耳。 24、屈原既放，游于江潭，行吟泽畔，颜色憔悴，形容枯槁。 25、举世皆浊我独清，众人皆醉我独醒，是以见放。 26、何故深思高举，自令放为？” 27、安能以身之察察，受物之汶汶者乎！ 28、怒而飞，其翼若垂天之云。 29、去以六月息者也。 30、天之苍苍，其正色邪？其远而无所至极邪？ 31、奚以之九万里而南为？ 32、之二虫又何知？ 33、彼且奚适也？ 34、且举世誉之而不加劝，举世非之而不加沮，定乎内外之分，辩乎荣辱之境，斯已矣。 35、故夫知效一官，行比一乡，德合一君，而征一国者，其自视也亦若此矣。 36、会于会稽山阴之兰亭，修禊事也 37、所以游目骋怀，足以极视听之娱，信可乐也。 38、当其欣于所遇，暂得于己，快然自足，不知老之将至； 39、向之所欣，俯仰之间，已为陈迹，犹不能不以之兴怀；况修短随化，终期于尽。 40、固知一死生为虚诞，齐彭殇为妄作。
高中部编版必修上全册古文文言现象、翻译、默写习题班级：姓名： 古文目录： 一、劝学/荀子 二、师说/韩愈三、赤壁赋/苏轼 四、登泰山记/姚鼐 一、《劝学》 【习题】 重点句子翻译： 1．君子曰：学不可以已．。 2．君子博学而．日．参省乎．己，则知．明而行无过矣。 3．假．舟楫者，非能水 ．．也，而绝．江河。 4．君子生．非异也，善假于物也。 5．故不积跬步，无以至．千里； 6．蚓无爪牙之．利，筋骨之强，上．食埃土，下．饮黄泉，用．心一．也。 【参考答案】 重点句子翻译：
1．君子曰：学不可以已．。 翻译：君子说：学习不可以停止。 2．君子博学而．日．参省乎．己，则知．明而行无过矣。 翻译：君子广博地学习并且每天检验反省自己，就能智慧明达并且行为没有过失了。 3．假．舟楫者，非能水 ．．也，而绝．江河。 翻译：借助舟船的人，并不是会游泳，却可以横渡江河。 4．君子生．非异也，善假于物也。 翻译：君子的天赋跟一般人没什么不同，（只是君子）善于借助外物罢了。5．故不积跬步，无以至．千里； 翻译：所以不积累一步半步的行程，就没有办法达到千里之远； 6．蚓无爪牙之．利，筋骨之强，上．食埃土，下．饮黄泉，用．心一．也。 翻译：蚯蚓没有锐利的爪子和牙齿，强键的筋骨，却向上能吃到泥土，向下可以喝到泉水，这是由于它用心专一啊。 二、《师说》 【习题】 重点句子翻译： 1.师者，所以传道受．业解惑也。 2.生乎吾前，其闻道也固．先乎吾，吾从而师．之； 3.是故无．贵无贱无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。
4.圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其．皆出于此乎？ 5.句读之．不知，惑之不解，或师．焉，或不．焉，小学而大遗．，吾未见其明也。 6.巫医乐师百工之．人，君子不齿，今其智乃．反不能及，其可怪也欤！ 7.是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于．弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。 8.不拘于．时，学于余。余嘉．其能行古道，作．《师说》以贻 ．．之。 【参考答案】 重点句子翻译： 1.师者，所以传道受．业解惑也。 翻译：老师是用来传授道理，教授学业，解答疑难的。 2.生乎吾前，其闻道也固．先乎吾，吾从而师．之； 翻译：出生比我早的人，他得知真理［或懂得道理］本来比我早，我跟从他以他为师； 3.是故无．贵无贱无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。 翻译：所以，无论高低贵贱，不论年长年少，道理存在的地方，也是老师存在的地方。 4.圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其．皆出于此乎？
外研版必修五Reading 及Cultural Corner译文 Module 1 Reading译文 词,词,词 英式英语和美式英语在很多方面都有所不同。首先最 明显的是在词汇方面。有数以百计个不同的词在大西洋彼 岸的另一个英语国家不被使用，或者以一种不同的意思被 使用着。美国人在freeways上驾驶的是automobiles，给车加gas；英国人在motorways上驾驶的是cars，给车加petrol。作为游人，在伦敦你要乘underground，而在纽约则是subway，或者你愿意乘坐taxi（英式）或者cab（美式）游览城市。 Chips 还是French fries? 但是其他词语和表达方式却没有这么广泛地为人所 知。美国人把手电筒称为flashlight, 而英国人却叫它torch。英国人排队用queue up，而美国人说stand in line。有时 候，同一个单词在意义上一点细微的差别就让人很困惑。 比如chips这个词在英国是热炸的薯条，在美国却指非常薄而且装在纸袋里出售的薯片---英国人把这种东西称为crisps。英国人知道而且喜欢的薯条在大西洋对岸被称为French fries。 Have 还是Have got ? 在语法上，英式英语和美式英语也有一些区别。英国 人说Have you got …? 然而美国人却愿意说 Do you have …? 美国人可能会说My friend just arrived,但是英国人愿意讲My friend has just arrived。介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下 on the team, on the weekend(美国用法)和in the team, at the weekend(英国用法)。英国人用介词的地方美国人有时候可能会省略（I’ll see you Monday; Write me soon!）
必修一到必修五重点文言文句子翻译 《劝学》（必修一，P35） 假舟楫者，非能水也，而绝江河。 译：借助小船的人，不一定是会游泳的人，却可以横渡江河。君子博学而日参省乎已，则知明而行无过矣。 译：君子广泛地学习，并且每天把学到的东西拿来检查自己的言行，（遇到事情）就可以不糊涂，行为也就没有过失 蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强，上食埃土，下饮黄泉，用心一也。译：蚯蚓没有锋利的爪牙，坚强的筋骨，却能向上吃泥土，向下饮地下水，这是因为心思专一的缘故 青取之于蓝，而青于蓝； 译：青色是用蓝色调成的，但比蓝色来更蓝 假舆马者，非利足也，而致千里。 译：借助马的人，不是走的快，而能到达千里之外 虽有槁暴，不复挺者，輮使之然也。 译：即使又被风吹日晒而干枯了，（木材）也不会再挺直，是因为经过加工，使它成为这样的 《师说》（必修一，P37） 七、翻译下列重点句子： 1．师者，所以传道受业解惑也。 译文：老师是传授道理，教授学业，解释疑难的人。 2．人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？ 译文：人不是生下来就懂得道理的，谁能没有疑惑？
3．吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？ 译文：我学习的道理，哪里计较他生年比我早还是晚呢？4．是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。 译文：所以无论地位显贵还是地位低下，无论年长还是年少，道理存在的地方，就是老师存在的地方。 5．是故圣益圣，愚益愚。 译文：所以圣人就更加圣明，愚人就更加愚昧。 6．句读之不知，惑之不解，惑师焉，惑不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。 译文：文句不理解，疑惑不能解决，有的向老师学习，有的却不向老师求教，小的方面学习，大的方面丢弃，我看不出他们有什么明智的。 7．是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。 译文：所以学生不一定不如老师，老师也不一定比学生强，闻知道理有先有后，技能学业各有专门研究，如此而已。 《赤壁赋》（必修一，P84） 八、翻译下列重点句子： 1．白露横江，水光接天。纵一苇之所如，凌万顷之茫然。 译文：白茫茫的水气横贯江面，江水反射的月光与天际相连。我们任凭小船儿随意漂流，越过那浩荡渺远的江面。 2．况吾与子渔樵于江渚之上，侣鱼虾而友麋鹿。 译文：何况我与你在江边的水渚上打鱼砍柴，以（与）鱼虾为
基础句型两百句 根据括号内的提示将下列句子翻译成英语： Module 1 Unit 1 1. 好朋友就是能和你分享快乐和忧伤的人。(share…with) 2. 如果你们两停止争斗并努力好好相处，我将不胜感激。(be grateful, get along with) 3. 这是他第一次用电子邮件与笔友交流。（the first time, communicate with） 4. 爱好是不会让你感到厌倦的——你投入的时间越长，乐趣越多。(the more… the more; devote to; get tired of) 5.网络使人们即使身处世界的不同角落也完全可能面对面地交流。(face to face; even if；entirely) 6．根据新闻报道，是天气决定神舟七号发射的准确时间。(according to, it is ….that强调句) Module 1 Unit 2 1．现在, 每年有超过100万的旅客来广州观光旅游. (at present, more than) 2. 他们的友谊是建立在多年相互开放沟通的基础上的. (base on, communication)
3. 世界淡水资源十分有限，因此我们必须充分利用。(make use of, resources) 4. 我将十分乐意参加任何能丰富我对世界认识的讨论。(take part in, enrich) 5. 不管你相不相信, 我们已经逐渐地可以用英语流利地表达自己了. (believe it or not, gradually, express, fluently) 6. 实际上学好英语有很多简单的方法, 例如看英文电视或和外国朋友在线聊天。(actually, a number of, such as) 7. 即使这工作要花掉我六个星期的时间，我仍决心要完成这份工作。(even if, determined ) 8. 政府应该尽快想出更好的办法来解决高油价所带来的问题. (come up with, petrol) 9. 全体同学都要准时参加明天举行的会议. (request) Module 1 Unit 3 1. 杰克给了我一个坚定的眼神，这眼神表明他不会改变主意，也不会屈服。(determine, change one’s mind, give in) 2. 花了一周时间才把衣物和药品送达灾区。(transport) 3. 那个老人很固执，病了还拒绝搬到他女儿家中住。(stubborn) 4. 请耐心点。火车十分钟后到。(be doing 表将来) Module 1 Unit 4
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. 约翰·斯洛是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。每次霍乱暴发时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。约翰·斯洛想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。 He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. 斯洛对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着，像一股危险的气体到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。 John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1845, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighborhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 斯洛推测第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。因此，在1854 年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，约翰·斯洛着手准备对此进行调研。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，约翰·斯洛就开始收集资料。他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行的很严重，在10 天之内就死去了500 多人。他决心要查明原因。 First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16,37, 38 and 40) . He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. 首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近（特别是这条街上16、37、38、40 号）。他发现有些住宅（如宽街上20 号和21 号以及剑桥街上的8 号和9 号）却无人死亡。他以前没预料到这种情况，所有他决定深入调查。他发现，这些人都在剑桥街7 号的酒馆里打工，而酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon