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视译―――顺句驱动口译是一项注重意义传递而非仅仅文字翻译的跨文化交际服务活动，其核心在于摆脱语言结构的束缚，“脱离语一言外壳”。
尤其在两种结构差异大的语言之间进行翻译更要抓住深层含义，不惜调整原文结构顺序以求译文符合受众语一言理解的习惯。
但是在视译和同声翻译中进行顺译时译员因受到语言结构差异的干扰，不得不按照句子成分出现的顺序进行断句并整合。
断句指的是不等听完整个句子，甚至才听到几个字就开始说出译文，如同把句子切开，按照听到的顺序，分段处理。
这与笔译原则大相径庭。
口译实战中应尽量争取依照原文的语序口译，以减轻译员压力。
要做到这一点，就需要断句，而断句靠变通，包括词性和句式的变通。
视译多用于法庭口译，也常用作训练同声翻译前的初阶练习，目的旨在使学生学会断句并迅速反应，提高口头表达能力。
视译分视阅口译（sight interpreting with text）和视听口译(sight interpreting with text while listening )。
视阅口译也就是边看边译（但还有准备和无准备区分）。
后者指带稿同传。
视阅口译融阅读理解、断句、记忆、口头翻译等技能于一体，要做到合理分配注意力不是一件容易的事。
边读边译需要译者按照出现的先后把句子切成小段（断句），先阅读到的内容先译，同时迅速转向下一个视幅（eye span），所及的部分，在口译时还需注意目标语的联惯性（coherence）和可接受性(acceptability)，也就是灵活整合。
尽管视译和交替传译的信息摄入渠道不同，但是经过视译训练强化的断句和灵活整合技能有助于提高本科生将复杂的句子“化繁为简”的能力，视译训练还有利于培养学生根据意义单位，进行逻辑分析和准确抓大意的能力，以及熟悉各种体裁模式进而进行预测的能力，最终改善口译表达能力，提高口译效率和质量。
I. Principles for singt interpretation1. Syntactic Linearity 顺句驱动为了避免语言结构重大调整对人脑认知负荷的影响，口译员常常是在总体上依照英文的行文次序，把整个句子切分成意群单位或信息单位，再使用连接词把这些单位连接起来，译出整体意思。
Lesson 1 Sight InterpretationLead-in:China’s miraculous rise as one of the strongest economic powers in the Asian-Pacific region has attracted, and will continue to attract, a growing number of business, manufacturing and financial giants in our country to invest in China, particularly to invest in number of long-term projects in Shanghai and its surrounding areas.作为亚太地区最强大的经济体之一，中国神奇般的崛起，已经吸引，并将继续吸引我国越来越多的商业，制造业，及金融业巨头来华投资，特别是在上海及其周边地区的长期项目投资。
Theoretical guidelines:1. 顺译法顾名思义，这种方法是指按所听到的原句的顺序，把整个句子分割成若干个意义单位或信息单位逐一译出，再用增补，删减等手段把这些单位自然衔接，形成完整的意思。
顺译法能够减轻记忆负担，便于及时处理信息，因而是口译者及考生的首选良策。
I come to China// at an important time.我到中国来访问，正逢一个重要的时刻。
It is indeed a pleasure [1]/to stand before the Assembly [2]/ and extend to you, Sir, [3]/in the name of my country,[4]/my most sincere congratulations[5]/ on your election [6]/as president of the present session of the General Assembly [7].的确非常愉快[1]，能够借此大会之机[2]，向阁下先生转达[3]，以我国家的名义转达[4]，我最真诚的祝贺[5]，祝贺您当选本届联合国大会的主席[6]。
视译练习Sight InterpretationParagraph 1:On October 15,2007, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2007 jointly to Leonid Hurwicz (Regents Professor Emeritus of Economics at University of Minnesota), Eric S. Maskin (Professor of Social Science, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University) and Roger B. Myerson (Distinguished Service Professor at Professor at University of Chicago) “for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory”. The Prize amount SEK10 million, will be shard equally among the Laureates.2007年10月15日，瑞典皇家科学院决定将2007年度诺贝尔经济学奖授予：列奥尼德·赫维茨（美国明尼苏达大学经济系杰出荣誉教授）、埃里克·S·马斯金（美国普林斯顿进修学院社会科学教授）、罗杰·B·迈尔森（美国芝加哥大学杰出贡献教授）“以表彰他们对于建立机制设计理论所做的贡献”。
奖金总额1,000万瑞典克朗，将由获奖者平均分享。
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, founded in 1739, is an independent organization whose overall objective is to promote the sciences and strengthen their influence on society.瑞典皇家科学院成立于1739年，是一个旨在推动科学发展以及加强科学在社会中影响的独立组织。
英语专业本科生英汉同声传译教学方法初探(1)摘要：本文以“巴黎释意学派”口译及同声传译的“三角模式”为理论基础,参照了国内外其他一些口译研究与认知心理学的成果，归纳出在同声传译中释意、顺译两个基本原则及注意力分配、代码转换融入意思自由陈述两个基本技巧，并尝试在此基础之上对英语专业本科生英汉同声传译课程进行三大板块设计，即：影随与重述、同传基本的句子处理技巧、视译，并介绍了与之相对应的具体操作方法。
关键词：同声传译；顺译；注意力分配；代码转换同声传译作为会议口译（conference interpreting）的重要组成部分在国内得到了越来越多的应用，同传口译员在市场上有强劲需求。
在这种背景之下，很多英语能力突出、有意在口译方面有所作为的高校英语专业本科学生对同声传译产生了强烈的学习要求，求之若渴。
然而，与这种强烈要求形成鲜明对比的是国内大多数高校的本科课程中难觅同声传译的踪影，只在寥寥几个设立翻译系或是翻译专业的院校中出现，因此适时地在普通高校中对英语专业本科生开设同声传译课程，迎合社会，满足学生的需求是一个值得的、有益的探索。
一、同声传译过程“巴黎释意学派”是巴黎第三大学高等翻译学校在悉心研究了大量的国际会议同声传译的录音资料之后于80年代总结并提炼出的一套完整的口译理论。
创始人之一塞莱斯科维奇用“三角模式”来阐述口译的过程[1]：即所以如图所示：原语到目的语的转换过程实际上可以分解为两个子过程：1.从原语直接到目的语的转换，勒代雷把这一过程称作代码转换；这一部分涉及的词语多是一般性原语词汇、数字、专有名词和技术术语；2.译员对原语意思进行提取获得原始信息到达三角顶端，再把原始信息用目的语释义而表达出来；这样口译的主要程序即是：原语理解、脱离词语外壳和译语表达三个主要步骤。
“脱离词语外壳（deverbalization）”是巴黎“释意学派”的术语，意即抛开原语语言的外在形式获得以语言为载体的意义。
英语口译视译材料In the realm of language services, English interpretation stands as a crucial bridge between cultures and ideas. It's not just about translating words; it's about conveying the essence and nuance of a message.The art of sight translation in English demands a quick mind and an even quicker tongue. It's the ability to read and interpret a text simultaneously, a skill that requires extensive practice and a deep understanding of both the source and target languages.For students, mastering English sight translation is akin to unlocking a treasure trove of opportunities. It opens doors to international conferences, diplomatic missions, and global business negotiations, where the power of clear communication is paramount.In the classroom, practicing sight translation with English materials involves dissecting sentences, understanding context, and delivering a coherent translation on the fly. It's a skill that sharpens the mind and hones the ability to think on one's feet.The challenge of English sight translation lies in its complexity. It requires not only linguistic proficiency but also cultural awareness, ensuring that the translation is not only accurate but also culturally sensitive.To excel in this field, one must immerse themselves in the language, absorbing idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms that give depth to the translation. It's about capturing the spirit of the original text while making it accessible to a new audience.In professional settings, the stakes are high for English interpreters. Errors in sight translation can lead to misunderstandings or diplomatic faux pas. Thus, interpreters must be vigilant, ensuring that every word is translated with precision and care.Continuous learning is essential for those in the field of English interpretation. As language evolves, so too must the interpreter, staying abreast of new terms and expressions to maintain the highest level of proficiency.In conclusion, English sight translation is a dynamic and challenging profession that requires a unique blend of linguistic talent, cultural insight, and quick thinking. For those who embrace the challenge, it offers a rewarding career with the potential to make a significant impact on global communication.。
借鉴与创新——口译训练法在综合英语教学中的“嫁接”初探【摘要】目前，综合英语教学“费时低效”，往往强调模仿记忆而忽视了对学生能力的培养，课堂气氛沉闷，难以达到既定的教学目标，因此，必须对其课堂教学活动模式进行革新。
以提高理解力的训练为核心内容的口译训练法是值得研究的一个思路：借鉴与创新职业人员口译训练的理念和方法，结合外语专业教育的特点，探讨口译训练法在综合英语教学中“嫁接”运用的价值、总体思路和具体实践方法。
【关键词】综合英语教学；口译训练法；能力培养一、引言综合英语课程在英语专业基础阶段课程中处于重中之重的地位，对英语专业本科生大学学习全过程的成败起着决定性作用。
然而现实的综合英语教学长期存在严重弊端：第一一，综合英语教学模式仍倾向于沿用“以教师为中心，考试为导向，语法词汇为基础”的传统教学法，导致所培养出来的学生中有相当一部分没有全面具备学习语言的基本能力，比如听和说的能力，因而无法与人交际，而且高分低能、理论脱离实践现象严重；第二，在语言技能训练中往往强调模仿记忆却忽视了对学生思维能力、创新能力，分析和独立提出见解能力的培养，导致他们在使用外语的场合缺乏良好的心理素质、得体的交际技能或应变能力；第三，《教师用书》“泛滥成灾”，导致综合英语课堂教学“费时低效”。
很多学生课前预习根本不查辞典，不记单词，课堂上看着译文听老师讲课，课后作业照抄练习答案等。
由于没有信息需求，课堂缺乏新鲜感，学生参与课堂活动不积极，课堂气氛沉闷，难以达到教学目的。
因此，要真正提高英语专业学生语言能力，就必须革新英语课堂教学活动的模式。
本文把口译训练法的理念和方法运用到综合英语课堂中，希望这种教学法能够有效解决上述弊端，在具体的英语教学工作中开展和普及，为中国的现代化建设培养更多具备全面外语能力的实用型人才。
二、口译训练法在综合英语教学中的运用价值口译训练法是培训专业口译人员的模式、方式和技巧。
由于语言的学习具有共通性，因而，其理念和方法具有普适价值，可以为其他语言教学所借鉴。
英语翻译技巧及训练方法英语学习过程中，如果堆积着疑问不去问，就很难吸收新知识。
下面是店铺给大家整理的英语翻译技巧，供大家参阅!英语翻译技巧：同声传译的训练方法0 1. 记忆力训练(memory training)源语复述目的语复述2. 记笔记训练口译笔记的特点：即时的、简短的、框架的、鲜明的个人特色口译笔记的方式：缩进式的、垂直的、分隔的3. 同传训练“ 影子” 训练 (shadowing exercise)视译训练(sight interpretation)带小时训练 (tape hours)同声传译的技巧同传是一个融理论和实践为一体的职业，我们承认他确实不容易，但并非就高不可攀，否则也就不会有今天的职业培训了，既然他的实践性很强，那么，肯定其中有大量的技巧在里面。
我总结了一下，同传技巧的核心或者灵魂是断句，即将简单句划分为主谓宾，将复句断分为不同的意群(sense group), 并最终还是回到主谓宾上来。
下面我将从几个方面给大家系统介绍一下一些同传技巧，这些技巧有些是从我的实践活动中获取的。
1 、节奏章法：即翻译的切入点和时间的选择。
英文的传译音节通常比中文稍多一点，比如，如果读一种中文要用时 30 秒，用相似的节奏读该段中文的英文翻译稿可能要耗时 35 秒以上，所以，演讲中文稿，传译英文时，速度需要加快一点，反之则稍微慢一点。
就切入时间来讲的话，可以根据自己对语言的驾驭能力以及自己的瞬时记忆力来具体对待和处理。
如果自己相对在这两方面都有比较扎实的功底，则可以滞后演讲人3/4 句或一句，如果欠缺一点，则必须在滞后半句后及时跟上。
注意：同传翻译是内容对内容的翻译，而不是词组对词组的翻译，首先必须在理解的基础上才能动口翻译，否则一些独立的词组或者短语是不能传递有效信息的。
换而言之，并不是演讲者蹦出一个单词你就紧紧跟上，这样不久你就会发现自己被演讲者无意中导入了一个死胡同。
2 、欧化句式：同传在词语的翻译上可以做到地道和相对准确，但句子结构不可能向交传那样按照中文的句式习惯组织安排，对于英汉传译，往往需要采用英语句式的顺序：例 1 ： Frankly, ideas and goods will travel around the globe with or without our help.译：坦率地讲，思想和商品都将会在全球流通，不管有没有我们的帮助。
各位同学请注意：今天的学习任务是1) 先将一、二、三部分复习一遍并融会贯通；2）按视译步骤练习第三部分, 完不成的课下自己抽时间完成3）看录像片（也在自主学习模块中）4）请大家录制88篇英文短文作为记忆训练和口译训练材料I．Principles and techniques for sight interpretationPrinciples:1. Syntactic Linearity 顺句驱动为了避免语言结构重大调整对人脑认知负荷的影响，口译员常常是在总体上依照英文的行文次序，把整个句子切分成意群单位或信息单位，再使用连接词把这些单位连接起来，译出整体意思。
e.g. 所有人//都可以借助互联网资源//来学习，//不论他们是哪个民族、//何种性别、//何种肤色，//只要他们可以介入互联网。
All //can study // by relying on internet recourses// regardless of their races, //nationalities//and sex//providing that they could have access to the internet.2. Readjustment 随时调整指译员根据接收到的新内容调整信息、纠正错误、补充漏译的重要环节。
Our national report will be presented to the secretarait between now and Kyoto.3. Anticipate 适度超前指口译过程中的预测技能，就是再还不完整的情况下，译员靠自己的能力、知识及临场经验，预测发言人可能要讲的内容而进行超“前翻译”，从而赢得时间，紧跟发言人进行同步翻译。
e.g.套话口译: …我谨代表…//对与会代表表示热烈欢迎//并预祝本次大会…(取得圆满成功)//Please allow me to be on behalf of …to extend our warmest welcome to the participants of this conference…and wish the conference a success4. Reformulation 信息重组信息重组是同声传译的总策略，因为中英文语言差别比较大，很难做到一一对应地口译，视译时，英遵循“信息”的原则。
视译（Sight Interpreting）|何为视译?视译(sight interpreting)是指同传译员拿着讲话人的发言稿，边听发言、边看原稿、边进行同声传译。
视译也被称为“有稿同传”(Simultaneous Interpreting with Text) 同声传译中的视译一般有以下几种情况：(1)会议的组织者既提供发言的原稿同时也提供发言的译语稿；(2)会议的组织者只提供发言的原稿；(3)会议的组织者提供发言人讲稿的提纲或幻灯片。
视译是同声传译中经常使用的一种翻译方式，也是同声传译训练不可逾越的一个阶段，一般的同声传译训练都是从注意力的分配训练(如影子跟读联系)到视译然后再过渡到无稿同声传译。
如何对视译进行准备工作?无论是以上哪一种情况，译员都应该在拿到相关材料后认真按口译的译前准备工作要求认真准备。
视译中有源语与译语稿件的情况非常少，即便在两稿都有的情况下，也要认真准备，不能掉以轻心，因为发言人因为发言时间的限制或现场情况的变化，很可能在阅读发言稿时跳过一些段落，或在报告中间增加一些内容。
还有的发言者可能会临时更换了发言稿。
为了应付这些意外，有经验的译员经常使用阿拉伯数字简单地将两种稿子对应落标记清楚，在翻译过程中可以清楚地识别发言的进度。
通常会议提供的发言稿是单语的。
在时间充裕的情况下，可以先把稿件中的难点(词语、语句等)事先笔译出来，把原稿做一定的语篇分析与分隔(Segmentation)，这样在翻译的时候就可以做到胸有成竹了。
也可以在时间来不及或译员对稿件的内容较有把握的情况下，在稿子上做一些“标识”(markers)，即用诸如箭头、五角星、线条等各种笔记符号有重点地标出源语发言人的思路及语篇标识，把需要下工夫才能译好的重要语段“标”出来，把关键的词语(如术语、机构名称、职务头衔等)先译出来。
如果时间允许的话还应该重点译一下一些难译的句子和语段。
如果发言稿在会议开始前才送来，又是在短时间内通过跳读(skimming)与寻读(scanning)都无法看完的长稿，译员可以简单看一下大意，重点看一下引言和结尾。
Introduction（绪论）Unit 1ProtocoI Routine（迎来送往）Long—term Preparation（长期准备）Unit 2Ceremonial Address（礼仪致辞）Short—term Preparation（短期准备）Unit 3Dinner Party（晚宴聚会）Active Listening（积极听入）Unit 4Business TraveI（商务旅行）Discourse Analyzing（语篇分析）Unit 5Business Interview（商务访谈）Note Taking（Ⅰ）（口译笔记1）Unit 6Business Advertisements（商务广告）Note Taking（Ⅱ）（口译笔记2）Unit 7Business Presentations（商务陈述）Note Taking（Ⅲ）（口译笔记3）Unit 8Enterprise Introduction（企业介绍）Retelling（复述）Unit 9Enterprise Culture（企业文化）Public Speaking（公开演讲）Unit 10Marketing & Promotion（市场营销）Paraphrasing（一句多译）Unit 11Business Negotiation（商务谈判）Figures Interpreting （数字口译）Unit 12Business Meeting（商务会议）Idioms Interpreting（成语口译）Unit 13Investment＆Profits（投资利润）Fuzzy Interpretation（Ⅰ）（模糊表达1）Unit 14Business Policy（商务政策）Fuzzy Interpretation（Ⅱ）（模糊表达2）Unit 15International Exhibition（国际会展）Fuzzy Interpretation（Ⅲ）（模糊表达3）Unit 16Public Relations（公共关系）Sight interpreting《视译练习）Unit 17Business Strategy（商务策略）Shadowing（影子跟读）Unit 18Transportation & Logistics（交通物流）Quality Assessment （质量评估）U n i t F o u rB u s i n e s s T r a v e lUnit Objectives (单元目标)After reading this unit, you should➢understand the ways to identify the main ideas of the source text.➢find ways to improve your interpreting skills and performance.➢master the basic words and expressions about business travel.➢know some cultural background knowledge about business travel.PreparingI. Interpreting Skills (口译技能)Read the following presentation about discourse analysis and try tounderstand the four speech types and know how to identify the mainideas of the source text. Then complete the following task:1. Listen to the passage, “My first day in New York”, and answer the followingquestions:1). When did the author first arrive in the US?2). What did the author do on the way to his hotel?3). Where did the author get something to eat after his friend had left?4). Why couldn’t he have what he really wanted at the restaurant?5). What did the author do after dinner?2. Listen to the passage again and try to catch more details, and then retell thestory in your own words.Decoding Training (II): Discourse Analysis（语篇分析）Interpreting is to “understand and make understood”. To interpret the speech, one must first understand the message of the speech. However, comprehension（理解）of the source discourse goes beyond the simple recognition of words and linguistic structures. The interpreter shall make an analysis of the source discourse. More importantly, the interpreter shall identify（识别）the speech type and know how to identify the main ideas of the original speeches.Identification of the Speech TypesSpeeches are diversified serving different occasions and purposes. It will be of great help to the interpreters if they know the speaker’s style. In most cases, speeches are prepared beforehand. Therefore, a study of the different types of writing helps an interpreter identify the main idea of a given speech. Following are the basic types of writing.1. Descriptive WritingDescriptive（描述性的）writing involves a great deal of detailed information. A descriptive discussion aimed at providing details of an event, a scene, a procedure, or a situation.This speech type demands a thorough background investigation of the speaker and the relevant situation by the interpreter.2. Narrative WritingNarrative（叙述性的）writing focuses on the development of events. There is no doubt that the interpreter should be very sensitive to dates, time phrases, and verb tenses when a narrative speech is dealt with.3. Expositive WritingExpositive（说明性的）writing deals with its subject matter in such orders as chronological, spatial, comparison, and definition. It would be to the advantage of the interpreter to conduct a background investigation of the speaker and the situation, for that would provide the interpreter with not only thenecessary glossary but also the speaker’s standpoint（立场）.4. Persuasive WritingPersuasive（劝说性的）writers always want to make their arguments clear, strong and convincing. When the purpose is to convince, writers of persuasive writing mainly employ two techniques -- induction（归纳）and deduction（推论）. Inductive writing starts with specific examples or points to draw a general conclusion, while deductive writing illustrates its thesis at first and then supports and reinforces the thesis through specific examples or subordinate ideas.Identification of the Main IdeasIn the context of interpreting, the main ideas of the source speech can be identified at the sentence level and at the discourse level. Priority should always be attached to identifying the main idea at the sentence level. We argue that identification of main ideas be done on the basis of sentences. Training in identifying the main ideas in interpreting should naturally take place first at the sentence level.1. Sentence LevelThe most important task for an interpreter to identify the main ideas at the sentence level is to discern (洞悉）the subject, verb and object (SVO). It is highly significant for the interpreter to catch the SVO of the sentence while listening to the source text, as the SVO usually carries the major information of the sentence. For example, when listening to “The best way to carry money while traveling is to have a major credit card”, the interpreter is expected to catch “The best way is to have a credit card.” If the interpreter is able to catch the SVO of the sentence, he then will produce a complete sentence with the major information in the target language.2. Discourse LevelThere are also some skills an interpreter might employ on different occasions for grasping the gist （要点）of a speech at the discourse level. In a well-organized speech, the speaker usually explains his point in the first few sentences. Therefore, one of the ways to get the main idea of a speech is to attach priority to the beginning of the speech. Secondly, if the interpreter encounters a speech that is inductively constructed, the interpreter should, to the best of their ability, conduct a study of the speaker's background and viewpoints so that they can follow the speaker's logical guidelines.II. Phrase Interpreting (短语口译)Work on the following words and phrases. Interpret them into Chineseand English respectively.A. English to Chinese1. Have a population of…2. Cover an area of…3. Date back to…4. Have a history of…5. Be situated in…6. The gross domestic product7. Dive-in restaurant 8. Quarantine certificate9. Duration of stay 10. Residence permitB. Chinese to English1、日程安排2、旅行路线3、起飞时间4、机场大楼5、候机室6、贵宾室7、问讯处8、安全检查9、免税店10、个人物品III. Sentence Interpreting （句子口译）Work on the following sentences. Interpret them into Chinese andEnglish respectively.A. English to Chinese1. I believe you're going out of your way for us.2. Wouldn't you like to spend an extra day or two here?3. I'm afraid that won't be possible, much as we'd like to.4. I wonder if it is possible to arrange shopping for us.5. I will keep you posted.B. Chinese to English1. 我特地为你们安排，使你们在北京的逗留愉快。
视译练习Sight InterpretationParagraph 1:On October 15,2007, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2007 jointly to Leonid Hurwicz (Regents Professor Emeritus of Economics at University of Minnesota), Eric S. Maskin (Professor of Social Science, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University) and Roger B. Myerson (Distinguished Service Professor at Professor at University of Chicago) “for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory”. The Prize amount SEK10 million, will be shard equally among the Laureates.2007年10月15日，瑞典皇家科学院决定将2007年度诺贝尔经济学奖授予：列奥尼德·赫维茨（美国明尼苏达大学经济系杰出荣誉教授）、埃里克·S·马斯金（美国普林斯顿进修学院社会科学教授）、罗杰·B·迈尔森（美国芝加哥大学杰出贡献教授）“以表彰他们对于建立机制设计理论所做的贡献”。
奖金总额1,000万瑞典克朗，将由获奖者平均分享。
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, founded in 1739, is an independent organization whose overall objective is to promote the sciences and strengthen their influence on society.瑞典皇家科学院成立于1739年，是一个旨在推动科学发展以及加强科学在社会中影响的独立组织。
Traditionally, the Academy takes special responsibility for the natural scnences and mathematics.按照传统，科学院特别关注自然科学和数学的发展发。
Paragraph 2:中国的市场规模越来越大，而且方兴未艾。
The Chinese market has become larger in scale and shows a continuous, upward trend.没有人怀疑中国正在成为世界上成长最快的巨大市场，而且已经成为世界上最大的电视机、电冰箱和手机消费国。
No one doubts the fact that China is becoming the largest market in the world which enjoys the fastest growing, and has become the largest consumer of television, refrigerator, and mobile phone.住房、私家车和境内外旅游已经成为新的消费热点。
Housing, private car and domestic and outbound tourism have become the new highlights of consumption.去年，中国国内市场消费了2万亿美元以上的生产资料和生活资料。
Last year, the domestic market consumed production and livelihood materials with a total value of more than $2 trillion.在拥有近5亿人口的中国东部地区，人均GDP已经达到了2,000美元。
The per capita GDP of East China where the population is nearly 500 million reached $2,000.笔记练习Paragraph 1:The third challenge is how to build a harmonious society.第三项挑战，是如何构建和谐社会。
Globalization brings new opportunities.People engaged in global, high value-added economic activities, such as financial investment and innovative technology, are able to earn high income.全球化带来了新的机遇，凡与全球经济高附加值沾边的人士，如从事金融投资、创意科技的，都可以赚取高收入；Yet, low skilled workers are facing increasing economic hardship;they may still fail to make ends meet despite all their hard work.但低技术工人的生活却越来越困难，辛勤工作甚至未必可以赚到基本生活开支。
In addition, among the baby boomers born in the 1950s with a low to middle education level, a good number of them are faced with the threat of redundancy and pay cuts.上世纪五十年代出生、中低学历的一批人当中不少也面临就业困难，收入下调的威胁。
At a time when the wealth gap in society keeps widening and social mobility begins to stall, we need to look for ways to resolve conflicts and promote social harmony.当社会贫富差距日渐扩大，社会流动停滞，矛盾如何解决，和谐社会如何建立呢？These are the thorny issues we need to consider, to tackle, and to solve in the days ahead.这些都是我们今后需要提前思考、处理和解决的难题。
An optimist sees every challenge as an opportunity; a pessimist only sees trouble in every opportunity.乐观者从每一个困难中看到机会，而悲观者则在每一个机会中都只看到困难。
I am an optimist, and I believe most of us in Hong Kong are, too.我是个乐观的人，我相信香港多数市民也一样。
Paragraph 2:研修班期间，各位学员认真参加各项研讨交流活动，客服种种困难，积极配合各方人员做好各项活动。
During the session, participants have attended in real earnest all the lectures, discussions and exchanges of views while tackling various difficulties and cooperating actively with the Chinese side.全体教学和接待人员认真负责、勤恳踏实、周到热情，尽最大的努力做好每一件工作，保证了研修班的各项活动按时保质进行，也与学院结下了深厚的友谊。
All the staff of this seminar have been not only very responsible and careful in making the arrangements, but also quite patient and considerate when providinglogistics.They have dedicated utmost attention to every single work.It is their work that has guaranteed the smooth procession and high quality of this seminar.同时，研修班的举办，得到了各个非洲国家和各位驻华使节的大力支持。
In the meantime, the participants and staff have forged profound friendship.This seminar has also been actively supported by various African countries and their diplomatic envoys to China.在此，我谨代表外经贸部向各位驻华使节、各位学员、全体教学和工作人员表示衷心的感谢！I would like hereby, on behalf of MOFTEC, to express since gratitude to all the respected diplomatic envoys involved, all the dear participants, all the faculty and working staff.句型精炼英译汉1.I am much obliged to you for your kind presence.非常感谢大家的光临。
2.We are proud and honored to have such a distinguished group of guests coming allthe way from Japan to visit our company.给位贵宾从日本远道而来访问本公司，我们感到十分骄傲和荣幸。
