语法结构应试技巧
一、题型分析
语法测试由句法测试和词法测试两部分组成，共20题，题号为第16—35题，测试时间为15分钟，比分占总分的15％。本部分主要测试考生运用语法知识的能力，测试范围包括语法基本要求结构表所规定的全部内容。这一部分是其他各项取得成功的基础。要在限定时间内迅速而准确地答题，并非易事。但如果我们平时学习及考前复习时注意一些题型规律、典型例句及解题技巧，并在考试时灵活运用的话，那我们就能充分地发挥自己的水平。
二、句法结构应试技巧
句法测试虽然只有10题，但却十分重要，是我们进行阅读理解和写作的基础。从时间分配来看，我们顶多只能用7—8分钟做完这10道题。这就要求我们牢固掌握语法知识，熟练运用语法结构，准确理解句子含义。
1．基本内容
从语法基本要求来看，句法测试主要要求掌握以下内容：
A:Tense(时态)
Simple present，past，future(一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时)
Present and past progressive(现在进行时和过去进行时)
Future progressive(将来进行时)
Present and past perfect(现在完成时和过去完成时)
Future perfect(将来完成时)
Present perfect progressive(现在完成进行时)
Past perfect progressive(过去完成进行时)
B:Passive voice(被动语态)
Passive voice in simple tenses(被动语态的一般式)
Passive voice in perfect and progressive tenses(被动语态的完成式和进行式)
Passive voice of Phrasal verbs(短语动词的被动语态)
Passive voice of modal verbs(含情态动词的被动语态)
C:Subjunctive mood(虚拟语气)
Subjunctive mood in conditional sentences(用于条件句中的虚拟语气)
Omission of “if”(if的省略)
Subjunctive mood in that-clause after“wish”，“suggest”，“demand”，etc．
(用于wish，suggest，demand等动词后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。)
Subjunctive mood in the clauses after “as if／though”，“It's time…”，etc．
(用于as if/ though, It's time…后的从句中的虚拟语气。)
Subjunctive mood in the construction “would rather”
(用于would rather句型中的虚拟语气。)
D:To V(Infinitive动词不定式)
As subject，object，attribute，adverbial and complement
(用作主语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语)
Wh-words+ to V(phrase)(疑问词加不定式[短语])
To be+ V-ed，to have+ V-ed，to be+ V-ing(不定式的被动式、完成式和进行式)
E:V-ing(Gerund动名词)
As object(of vt. and prep.)，subject and predicative
(用作及物动词和介词的宾语，用作主语和表语)
being+ V-ed，having+ V-ed(动名词的被动式和完成式)
F:V-ing and V-ed(Present and past participle现在分词和过去分词)
As attribute，adverbial and complement(用作定语、状语和补足语)
Being+ V-ed，having+ V-ed，having been+ V-ed(现在分词的被动式、完成式和完成被动式)
G:Basic sentence patterns and sentence elements(基本句型和句子成分)
Pattern 1：S+V(主+谓)
Pattern 2：S+V+O(主+谓+宾)
Pattern 3：S+ V+ Oi+ Od(主+谓十间宾+直宾)
Pattern 4：S+V+O+CO(主+谓+宾+宾补)
H:There be(There be结构)
I:Agreement between subject and predicate V(主语和谓语动词的一致关系)
J:Noun clause(名词从句)
○11Attributive clause(定语从句) ○12Adverbial clause(状语从句)
○13Apposition(同位关系) ○14Coordination(并列)
○15Subject-verb inversion(主谓倒装) ○16Emphasis(强调)
○17the use of it(it的用法) ○18Negation(否定)
○19Omission(省略) ○20Parenthesis(插入语)
2.考题解析与学习指导
1）动词的时态
例：○1That was the first time I English with a foreigner.
A)have spoken B)weak C)spoke D)had spoken
[答案] D)
[解析] 从整个句子来看，这是一个与过去时间相关联的句子，因此很快可以排除选项A)和B)。又因为“That was the first time(that)…”是一个固定句型，它要求后面的that从句用过去完成时(通常情况下)，因此D)是正确答案。
例：②We hoped that by the end of the year we the job．
A)would have finished B)finished
C)had finished D)will finish
[答案] A)
[解析] 本句的主要动词“hoped”为过去式，根据“时态呼应”的原则，后面从句中的谓语动词应该是一个相应的过去形式，那么D)是应该首先排除的。从句中的介词短语“b y the end of the year”能为我们选择正确答案带来很大的启发，因为“年底”在当时说话时还没有过去，故应该选择A)(过去将来完成时)。
[学习指导] 在做选择填空题时，我们主张首先迅速瞅一眼四个选项，如果是同一个动词的不同时态，我们就要特别认真地注意题目的两个方面：全句的另外一个动词(一般是主要动词)和时间状语。除此以外，还要注意一些固定的句型。在做题时，先采用排除法，把一些根本不着边的选项先排除(如上两例所示)，再根据“时态呼应”的原则和时间状语的启示，在剩下的选项中进行比较后，选定正确答案。
必须要记住一些固定的句型(如第1题中“That was the first time”)。现在我们将常与完成时连用的句型和时间状语归纳如下表中：
句型／时间状语完成时态
It is／will be the first time(that) 现在完成时
It is the first+ sth. (that) 现在完成时
It is the+形容词最高级+sth. (that) 现在完成时
By now；up till now; since+过去时间(的句子) 现在完成时
It was the first time(that) 过去完成时
By the end of +过去时间过去完成时
By the end of+将来时间将采完成时
By this time+将来时间将来完成时
By the time／when+一般现在时的从句将来完成时
注：(1)在上述句型中，it的位置还可用this, that, this evening, yesterday等。
(2)这种结构中的first也可用其他序数词。
(3)在no sooner…than…；hardly／scarc ely…when…这种句型中，前一部分常用过去完成时，后一部分用一般过去时。
(4)虽然被动语态在近几次考试中没有出现过，但它是一种不可忽视的语言现象。在做这类题目时，一定要注意句子的主语与动词之间的关系，还要掌握被动语态的各种时态。
[专项练习]
（1) I hope they the work by the time we come back next week.
A) would finish, would B) will finish, will
C) finish, / D) will finish, /
(2) He told me that it was the best film he .
A) has ever seen B) saw C) had ever seen D) liked
(3) If we , we shall miss the train to Shanghai.
A) don' t hurry B) not hurry C) are not hurry D) won' t hurry
(4) At that time they were playing chess while I my homework .
A) did B) was doing C) were doing D) had done
(5) a class meeting next Friday afternoon .
A) There will have B) There will be
C) There is D) There is going to have
(6) It happened that Mr. Blacks all out when I called.
A) had been B) was C) were D) was going
(7) They said that all the chairs and they asked us to have a rest .
A) had cleaned B) were cleaned
C) cleaned D) had been cleaned
(8) This is one of the largest factories that in this area .
A) is ever built B) was ever built
C) has ever built D) has ever been built
(9) We into the bus when it to rain heavily.
A) had hardly got, began B) hardly got,
C) have hardly got, begins D) got hardly, had begun
(10) No good solution to the problem has been worked out , so they it .
A) are still considered B) are still considering
C) still consider D) considered
2) 情态动词
例: The doctor said I go back to the hospital; my leg is all fight now .
A)mustn’t B)needn’t C)Won't D)can’t
[答案] B)
[解析] 由于四个选项分别为“不准”、“不必”、“将不”和“不能”，这就要求我们先看懂句子的意思。根据分号后句子的意思“我的腿现在完全好了”，可以断定前面一句中医生说的是“不必”，因此应选B)。
例：②Look，the trees are fallen．There a strong wind．
A)must be B)should have been C)could be D)must have been
[答案] D)
[解析] 此句考的是情态动词的推测性用法。根据“树倒下”这一事实来推断“一定刮过一场大风”。故应选择“must have been”来表示对过去的某事很有把握的推测。
[学习指导] 大多数情态动词都有两种用法：一种是一般性用法即非推测性用法；另一种是推测性用
法。情态动词的一般性用法比较容易掌握，而其推测性用法往往难以把握。我们先来举几个简单的例子，看看这两种用法的区别(翻译和结构上均有不同)。
一般性用法：
I can answer this question．(表示能力)
Can l watch TV here?(表示许可，相当于May。)
推测性用法：
Anybody can make mistakes．(表示可能)
He can't have finished his homework．(表示不可能)
在一般性用法中，情态动词后只能接动词原形；而在推测性用法中，情态动词后可接不同的动词形式，分别对不同时间的动作或状态进行推测。请看下表：
推测语气情态动词所表意思后接动词形式推测的时间
强弱must 很肯定动词原形
（否定式：can’t do）
动词的进行式
（否定式：can’t be doing）
动词的完成式
（否定式：can’t have done）
对现在和将来的推测
对现在正在进行或对将的
推测
对过去的推测
will
would
ought to
should
很有可能
can
could
may
might
有可能
例句Xiao Li must be in the library．小李一定在图书馆。(现在)
It might rain tomorrow.明天可能会下雨。(将来)
He must be sleeping in bed．他一定正在床上睡觉。(进行)
She may be leaving tomorrow．她可能明天外出。(将来)
He should have arrived home．他应该早到家了。(过去)
There must have been a strong wind．一定刮过一场大风。(过去)
从表中我们可以看到情态动词的推测性用法，其中最重要的是后接动词形式及推测对象的时间。另外，还要记住下列词组，因为它们的意义稍有不同：
should have done(应该做了，但却没做。)
shouldn't have done(不该做的，但却做了。)
need have done(需要做的，但却没做。)
needn't have done(不需要做的，却做了。)
例如：You needn't have told him about that.
其实你不需要将此事告诉他。(但已告诉了他。)
You are late．You should have got up earlier．
你迟到了，你应该早点起床。(可是你并未早起。)
[专项练习]
(11 )" Does she have his new address?"
"No, she his address . She doesn't even know he has moved ."
A) mustn't have B) can't have
C) can't have had D) might have had
(12) They are old enough to take care of themselves .
You worry about them .
A) mustn't B) can' t C) shouldn’ t D) needn' t
(13) He is seriously ill. You him about the bad news .
A) can tell B) can't have told
C) shouldn't have told D) may not tell
(14) This library is old and small and no longer meet the needs of the teachers and students , so a new
library .
A) must build B) should build up
C) must be built D) need to build
(15) There seems to be no bus now . We here any longer .
A) needn' t wait B) needn' t wait for
C) mustn' t wait D) can' t wait
(16) "Must I answer the question right now ?"
"No , you . You can go home and consider it ."
A) musm' t B) can' t C) needn' t D) shouldn' t
(17) I had my umbrella with me a moment ago , but now I haven' t got it. I it somewhere.
A) must leave B) must have left
C) can' t have left D) may leave
(18) If you have some good suggestions, you them on a piece of paper and hand it in.
A) may write B) must have written
C) have to write D) will write
(19) Xiao Li very tired after several hours of hardw0rk .
A) may be B) can be C) could be D) must be
(20) I haven't seen my dictionary' for a long time and I think it again
A) can't find B) won't find
C) can't be found D) shouldn't be found
3) 虚拟语气
例: ○1Jack's father suggested that Jack in London for a few more days.
A) would stay B) stay C) had stayed D) stayed
[答案] B）
[解析] 此题考查考生对if虚拟条件句以外的虚拟语气用法的掌握情况。在suggest，
order.demand等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词必须用“(should+)动词原形”的形式，因此，本题的正确答案为B)。
例：②Peter ______ the driver's test，but he wasn't calm enough in the last ten minutes.
A)will have passed B)ought to have passed
C)might have passed D)must have passed
[答案] C)
[解析] 这个句子是一个由but连接起来的并列句。根据but后面的分句，我们得知“他最后10分钟不够冷静”，那么我们也可以这样理解：“要是他最后10分钟保持冷静的话，他(Peter)就有可能通过驾驶考试。”因此C)是正确答案。这一句子中并没有很直接的虚拟语气的条件，但是连词but却表示一种转折，也可以说是一个含蓄虚拟条件。
[学习指导] 虚拟语气是在各种考试中几乎都要考到的内容，而虚拟语气又往往是令中国考生感到很困难的一个问题，因为它既不符合中国人的语言习惯，使用又比较复杂，句子结构上有一定的要求。根据《基本要求》和历年考题，我们将虚拟语气的重要内容归纳为以下三类(见下表)，以利于大家学习和记忆。
If条件句主句时间及含义
第一Had+过去分词
Would/should/
could/might+
have+过去分词
与过去事实相反
类
动词过去式were Would/should/
Could/might+
动词形原
与现在事实相反或将来
实现的可能性不大
第二类句型、动词、连词从句中的虚拟形式本类的例句
Wish(that)
As if
As though
Would rather
It’s time that
Had+过去分词与过去事实相反
动词过去式were
与现在的事实相反或将
来实现的可能性不大
第三类动词:suggest, order,
advise, desire, insist,
request,require等后的
宾语从句
(should)+动词原形表示个人的
意愿
建议、命令等名词：suggestion,
order,advice, desire,
request,proposal,
demand, decision,
idea等后的同位语从句
或表语从句
(should)+动词原形
注：（1）要将此表中的I t’s time与“动词时态”（见1）中的句型I t’s the first time进行区别。
（2）would rather后必须接从句才能用虚拟语气，否则就不用虚拟语气。例如：
I would rather have the old one than the new one.
我宁要旧的而不要新的。（不用虚拟语气）
I would rather you came tomorrow than the day after tomorrow.
我宁愿你明天来，而不要后天来。（句中用虚拟语气）
[专项练习]
(21) I wish I more attention to the study of English when I studied in the middle school..
A) paid B) have paid C) should pay D) had paid
(22) Without electricity our life quite different .
A) would be B) would have been
C) will be D) might have been
(23) He told me his telephone number but I forgot it now . Perhaps I it down then.
A) should write B) would write
C) should have written D) could have Written
(24) If he had studied hard, be the examination .
A) should pass B) would pass
C) would be passed D) would have passed
(25) He insisted that we the problem at the meeting .
A) would discuss B) discuss
C) discussed D) will discuss
(26) My suggestion is that we all her birthday party and give her a pleasant surprise.
A) go to B) should go C) go D) would go to
(27) They talked as if they each other for years .
A) knew B) had known
C) have know D) know
(28) His proposal was that an English speech contest every year.
A) would be held B) must be held
C) should hold D) be held
(29) If I you, I would do it in a different way .
A) am B) was C) were D) would be
(30) It's time we our discussion.
A) stop B) must C) have to stop D) stopped
4)名词性从句
例: ○1woke me up was a loud cry from someone in the next room .
A) What B)That C) How D) Which
[答案] A)
[解析] 从选项可以看出此题是考查从句的，又从连词位于句子开头，而句中无逗号这一点可以断定这是一个主语从句(其实从四个选项中的连词和整个句子结构来看，也可得知不是考查状语从句和定语从句)。“woke me up”是属于主语从句的，而“was…”则属于主句部分。现在就很清楚了，从句中缺乏的是主语，所以应该填入what。
例：○2You are responsible to is in charge of sales.
A)who B)whom C)whomever D)whoever
[答案] D)
[解析] 选项中的这些连词都是指代人的(who的各种形式)，选中一个填人句子后应该是引导出“are responsible to。”的宾语从句。“be responsible to…”是“向某人负责”。根据全句的意思来看，应该是“向任何从事销售的人负责”，因此，先排除A)，B)。有的考生可能会选择C)，因为他们认为to后面应接宾格。其实，to后接的是宾语从句，宾语从句没有主格和宾格之分，只有代词才有主格和宾格之分，如：be responsible to me／him。在选择连词时，主要考虑连词在从句中的作用和意义，这儿的连词应该在从句中作主语，所以D)是正确答案。
[学习指导] 主语从句、宾语从句和表语：从句都属于名词从句。相对于所有的从句而言，名词从句是比较容易学习和掌握的，因为它们在句中有比较明显的位置。比如：主浯从句往往位于句首，但有时为了避免“头重脚轻”的现象，将形式主语讧置于句首，将真正的主语(从句)放到句尾了。宾语从句往往位于及物动词和介词之后。表语从句总是位于系动词(be)之后。名词从句是必考的内容，也是日常生活中常常要用到的浯言结构，我们必须认真学习。
[专项练习]
(31 )Our monitor is iii . We don't know will chair this class meeting .
A) who B) whom C) that D) whoever
(32) surprised me most was he could speak English so fluently
A) That , that B) What , that C) That , what D) What, how
(33) It was lucky for him to sell his house for exactly .
A) what he had paid for it B) what is paid for it
C) where he had paid for it D) when he paid for it
(34) He is a new teacher. His trouble is he doesn't have much experience in
teaching English .
A) what B) if C) why D) that
(35) I want to know you climbed the mountain with yesterday .
A) that B) who C) whom D) where
(36) that is a good plan depends on practice .
A) If B) Whether C) What D)Why
(37) We Chinese people always mean we say .
A) that B) which C) what D) whichever
(38) He is my good friend . I'll give him help he needs .
A) whatever B) whichever C) that D) whose
(39) Did he tell you country he would go to for his holiday ?
A) what B) that C) which D) where
(40) Look at the clouds ! I wonder our plane will take off on time .
A) that B) when C) how D) if
5)定语从句
例：○1In Britain there have been many people over the age of 65 have begun a degree course with the Open University and passed successfully.
A)which B)who C)that D)what
[答案] B)
[解析] 从四个选项看，此句又是考查从句的，但绝不是考查状语从句，因为这些连词不是引导状语从句的连词。另外，如果是状语从句，那么“have”前面还应该有个主语才行，引导状语从句的连词在从句中是不充当任何成分的。这里的从句也不是名词从句，应该断定为定语从句。这个定语从句的先行词是people，出题者有意用“over the age of 65”这一短语将先行词和定语从句割裂开来，这是值得考生注意的。通过以上的分析，我们可先排除A)和D)。“who"和“that"都可以指代先行词"people'’，又可引出定语从句，那么我们就要根据“连词在从句中作主语时用who较多”这一原则，选择最佳答案B)。
例：②That is the very man house was burned down last week.
A)his B)whose C)which D)of whom
[答案] B)
[解析] 这道题目比较简单，一眼就能判断出是考查定语从句的，因为连词前面的先行词是“man”，后面的"house"是指“the man's house”,因此B)是正确答案。
[学习指导] 定语从句是必考的内容，分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句一般是紧按在所修饰的词(先行词)后面，非限制性定语从句也放在它所修饰的词后面，但是它与主句之间有逗号隔开，另外，它一般不用that引导，通常用who，whom，whose，which，where等wh-词引导。有时也可用as引导。
[专项练习]
(41) I must make up the lesson I missed last week .
A) whose B) that C) when D) of which
(42) This book , you can get at any big bookshop , will give you all information
you need.
A) which , which B) that , that
C) that , which D) which, that
(43) She is the only one of the girls in our class football .
A) who is fond of B) who are fond of
C) that are fond of D) who were fond of
(44) The house he once lived in serves as a classroom building now .
A) where B) that C) which D) whose
(45) They are the students I taught before .
A)whose B) whom C) which D) that's
(46) I will never forget the day I joined the Party .
A) where B) that C) in which D) when
(47) is known to all, our earth is round .
A) That B) As C) Which D)What
(48) Our new teaching building was finished before the day it had been promised to finish .
A) that B) which C)on which D) on that
(49) He never talks about the things he has experienced before .
A) which B) when C) for which D) those
(50) Those test paper should be corrected must stay in the classroom .
A) that B) who C) which D) whose
6)状语从句
例: The police knew nothing about the case you phoned them .
A) while B) until C) after D) since
[答案] B）
[解析] 此题的四个选项暗示此项考查状语从句。引导状语从句的连词在从句中不作任何成分，因此答题时，主要根据全句的意思来选定一个既符合句意要求又符合句子结构的正确答案。首先A)和D)都不对，因为"while”往往表示两个(几乎)同时进行的动作。
其基本句型为：
while…did…, …did…
…did…while…was/were doing…
…was/were doing…while…was/were doing…
例如：While I stood there, I saw two men enter the building.
She slipped and hurt herself while she was getting off the bus.
My wife was cooking while I was watering the flowers.
“since"往往用于完成时的句子中，其句型为：
…have/has done…since…did…
例如：I haven’t seen him since he left.
那么，剩下的两个选项中哪个是正确的呢?有一部分考生肯定会选C)，因为他们从中国人的思维方式来理解，认为“你打过电话后，警察才知道这回事”，因此应该选after。这里还牵涉到一个句型的问题。“after"作连词用时，其句型往往是：
…did…after…had done…
…will do…after…do/have done…
例如：She went on holiday after she had taken the examination.
I will go to your party after I finish/have finished my work.
而“until"的句型往往是：…didn't，do…until…did意思为：“直到……时候才……”。此句中的前一部分“knew nothing about…”等于“didn't know anything about…”。因此，无论从意思上还是句子结构上，都应该选B)。但是在用until时，要注意主句中的动词，如果是可延续动词，则要用肯定形式。
例如：I didn't recognize(认识)him until he told me his name．
We waited until he came back．(wait是一个可延续的动词。)
[学习指导] 由于状语从句的连词只起引导从句的作用，不在从句中作任何成分，这就要求我们对每个连词的词义及习惯用法有准确的了解。学习英语时“不可一词无来历，不可一词不讲究”，“要求逐词逐句透彻理解”。(钟道隆《大学英语》2001年第六期介绍)我们在做其他状语从句的题目时，也要善于比较和总结不同的连词，还’要理解全句的意思，这样才有利于提高答题的速度和准确率。
[专项练习]
(51) I ask him for help , he always tries his best to help me .
A) After B) While C) Once D) Every time
(52) you master the good method of study , you will make still greater progress.
A) While B) As C) Once D) For
(53) this beautiful skirt is out of fashion , I don't want to throw it away .
A) Because B) Since C) Although D) As
(54) People could not know anything about the moon a satellite was invented and sent round
it .
A) until B) after C) when D) because
(55) He read English in such a loud voice everybody in the house could hear him in the early
morning .
A) as B) that C) so D) for
(56) I met a group of foreigners I was going into the park .
A) after B) while C) till D) before
(57) His report is not a good one he has spent much time preparing it .
A) because B) since C) if D) though
(58) Much I would like to help you , I have to tell you that I have no time today.
A) as B) when C) if D) how
(59) He has the habit of making a mark he has any doubts or questions .
A) when B) where C) because D) while
(60) The people in my hometown are more friendly in the city .
A) as that B) than that C) as those D) than those
7)动名词
例：○1It' s no use to her about the importance of the document .
A) talking B) talked C) to talk D) talk
[答案] A)
[解析] 此题中的“It”是形式主语，要填入空格中的是真正的主语。根据真正的主语这一句子成分的要求，首先要排除的是B)和D)。又根据句型要求，“It's no use”后应接动名词作真正主语，故应选择A)。常用动名词短语作真正主语的句型有：
It's no use / no good + doing …
It's no easy job + do ing …
It' s a waste of time + doing…
It's nice / difficult + doing …
例: ○1I don't mind all that way in such bad weather .
A) go B) gone C) going D) to go
[答案] C)
[解析] 及物动词mind除了可接名词、代词作其宾语外，还可接动名词作宾语，但绝对不能接不定式作宾语，，因此只有C)是正确答案。
[学习指导] 虽然在近几次的测试中没有考查动词不定式，但不定式这一语言现象却非常重要，而且使用频率很高。因为它既可以起动名词的作用(在句中作主语、宾语、表语)，又可以起分词的作用(在句中作定语、状语、补足语)。在此，我们单就动名词和不定式作宾语的情况进行总结。
(1)下面的动词要求动名词作宾语：
advise(劝告)，deny(否认)，admit(承认，接纳)，endure(忍耐，忍受)，avoid(避免)，enjoy(享受，喜爱)，acknowledge(承认)，escape(逃跑，逃避)，appreciate(感激，欣赏)，excuse (原谅)，anticipate(预期，预测)fancy(幻想，设想)，celebrate(庆祝)，favore(赞同，喜爱)，complete(完成)，figure(计算，描绘)，can’I help(不禁)，finish(完成，结束)，confess(坦白)，imagine(想像)，consider(考虑)，involve(使卷入，包含)，discourage(使泄气)，recall(回想)，delay(推迟)，require．(要求，需要)，justify(证明……正确)，resume(恢复)，keep(保持)，risk(冒……的危险)，mind(注意，留意)，save(营救，节省)，pardon(原谅)，stop(停止)，permit(允许，许可)，suggest(建议)，postpone(推迟，延期)，tolerate(容忍，默许)，practise(练习，实践)，quit(离开，停止)
(2)下面的短语动词(动词+介词，be+形容词+介词)要求动名词作宾语：
count on(依靠)，object to(反对)，decide on(决定)，oppose to(反对)，dream of(梦想)，put off(延期)，feel like(想要)，persist in(坚持)，give up(放弃)，take up(拿起)，go in for(从事)，think of(想到)，go on(发生，进行，继续)，be capable of(能够)，insist on(坚持)，be engaged in(从事)，keep on(继续)，be fond of(爱好)，look forward to(盼望)，be good at(擅长于)，leave off(停止)，be sick of(厌烦)，be tired of(厌烦)，
be proud of(为……自豪)，be keen on(喜爱)
(3)下面的动词要求不定式作宾语：
ask(要求)，fail(不能)，arrange(安排)，hope(希望)，agree(同意)，hesitate(犹豫)，beg(请求)，incline(有……倾向)，care(关心，喜欢)，leam(学习，学会)，choose(选择)，manage(设法)，cease(停止)，omit(忘记，忽略)，elaim(要求)，offer(提供)，desire(渴望)，pretend(假装)，demand(要求)，promise(承诺)，determine(决定)，plan(计划)，deeide(决定)，undertake(承接)，expect(期望)，wish(希望)．
(4)下列动词后的宾语既可是不定式，又可是动名词，意义差别不大。一般来说，接动名词作宾语，往往表示一般的、经常性的行为；接不定式作宾语，通常表示特定的和具体的行为。
attempt(企图，尝试)，hate(恨，不喜欢)，begin(开始)，intend(意欲，打算)，continue(继续)，like(喜欢)，can't bear(不能忍受)，love(喜爱，热爱)，can't afford(负担不起)，neglect(疏忽，忽略)，dislike(不喜欢)，prefer(喜欢，愿意)，propose(建议)，start(开始)
(5)下列动词后接不定式或动名词，意义上有很大差别，有时句子结构也变了。请看下面的表格：
主语谓语动词宾语状语中文意思
某人forget to do sth 忘记(要做的事)
某人forget doing sth 忘记(已做过的事)
某人remember to do sth 记住(要做某事)
某人remember doing sth 记得(做过某事)
某人regret to do sth (对要做的事)遗憾
某人regret doing sth (对做过的事)后悔
某人goon to do sth 继而(做另一件事)
某人goon doing sth 继续(做原来的事)
某人／某事mean to do sill 企图、打算(做某事)
某人／某事mean doing sth 意味着(做某事) 某人propose to do sth 打算(做某事)
某人propose doing sth 建议(做某事)
某人stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事
某人stop doing sth 停止正在做的事
某人try to do sth 尽力去做某事
某人by doing sth 试着做某事
某人／某物desene doing(=to be done) 值得／应该做……
某人Want／need to do sth 想要／必须做某事
某物Want／need doing(=to be done) 需要……
某人／某物require doing(=to be done) 需要……
注：1)、2)、3)、4)、5)中列出的动词均在《基本要求》的范围之内。
例如：I regret to say I have given you much trouble these days．
我很遗憾地说，这些天来给你添了不少麻烦。
I regret not having taken the doctor's advice．我后悔没听医生的话。
She doesn't want to meet him．她不想见他。
This old desk needs painting．=This old desk needs to be painted．这张旧桌子需要刷漆。
This baby deserves taking good care of.
= This baby deserves to be taken good care of. 应该好好照顾这个婴儿。
[专项练习]
(61) It was impolite of him into the office without at the door first .
A) to come, to knock B) to come, knocking
C) coming, knocking D) coming, to knock
(62) Please forgive me for your permission your dictionary .
A) not asking , to use B) asking not , to use
C) not asking , using D) not asking , for using
(63) Most children enjoy ice-cream in summer , but too much ice-cream will do harm to
their health .
A) to eat B) eat C) eating D) to eating
(64) Peter was once made the classroom for a week as a punishment because he
was always late for school .
A) clean B) to clean C) cleaning D) to be cleaning
(65) ---- "What's the matter with you ?"
---- "I feel like (呕吐) now . I'd like the bus and have a rest .
A)vomiting , getting off B)to vomit , to get off
C) to vornit, getting off D) vomiting , to get off
(66) It took a long time for the new soldiers to get used to early in the morning.
A) getting up B) get up C) got up D) be getting
(67) Air isn't so clean here as it used to .
A) was B) is C) be D) being
(68) Do you know the building we are supposed ?
A) to go B) to go to C) going to D) to be going
(69) There flowers require and should avoid to the sun .
A) taking good care of, being exposed B) to take good care of, expose
C) taking good care of, exposing D) take good care, to be exposed
(70) He preferred rather than join in the ball game .
A) to watching B) watch C) to watch D) watches
8)分词
例: It is easy to think that a witness who .caw a crime will be able to give all the answers .
A) to be committed B) commit
C) committing D) being committed
[答案] D）
[解析] 这个句子结构比较复杂，为了不耽误答题时间，我们可将注意力集中在"who saw a crime ”上面，这里无论填入一个什么词，都应该看做是"saw"的宾语补足语，“who”前面的先行词“witness”是“目击者”，意思就是“看见犯罪行为(在进行)的目击者”。“crime”与“commit”之间既存在被动关系，又表示进行当中，故应选择D)。
例：②with his report，the boss told John to write it all over again．
A)Not to satisfy B)Not having satisfied
C)Not being satisfied D)Not satisfying
[答案] C)
[解析] 此句的后部分是一个完整的句子，前部分与后部分之间有逗号隔开，再根据四个选项，可得知前部分不是一个从句，而只是一个短语，在此作全句的状语。我们可以根据两点来选定C为正确答案：一是be satisfied with这一常用词组，二是全句的主语"the boss"就是"Not being satisfied with…”的逻辑主语。例：③more time，the scientists will be able to work out a good solution to the problem．
A)Given B)Giving C)To give D)Be given
[答案] A)
[解析] 此句后部分是一个完整的句子，前部分是一个短语作状语。首先要排除的是D)，因为既然前一部分不是句子，也就不可能出现动词的原形。另外，C)也不对，因为不定式作状语主要是表示目的和结
果，从全句来看没有这个意思。剩下的A)和B)中，根据“分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语是全句的主语”这一原则，选定A)为正确答案。
例：④His English was so poor that he found it difficult to make himself
A)understood B)to understand
C)be understood D)understand
[答案] A)
[解析] “make oneself+过去分词”是外国人的一种习惯表达法，这种表达方式很局限，通常用于考查的句型只有：make oneself understood／heard／seen…，我们只要经常读读这类句子，很好地去理解它的意义，就能牢牢掌握好它。
[学习指导] 分词不仅是各类考试必考的内容，而且在考试中占有一定的分量(题目数量和考试难度)。为了做好这类考题，我们必须对分词的基本特性和它在句子中的作用有比较全面的了解。
(1)分词只有现在分词和过去分词两种。
(2)现在分词含有主动意义，过去分词含有被动意义。
(3)分词在句中可充当表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。
这里所讲的分词的主动和被动意义是指分词与其逻辑主语的关系。因此，一定要搞清楚分词在句中充当不同成分时，其逻辑主语是什么。请看下表：
分词在
句中的作用分词的
逻辑主语
分词与逻辑主语的关系举例
作定语（前置
或后置定语）被修饰的名词主动关系：用现在分词an interesting story
a girl standing under the
tree
被动关系：用过去分词 A broken cup
A book written by him
作宾语补足语宾语
主动关系：用现在分词I heard someone knocking
at the door.
I always found him reading
in the morning.
被动关系：用过去分词I found everything put in
good order.
I once heard this song sung
in English.
作状语全句的主语主动关系：用现在分词Being very busy,my father
did not come back
yesterday.
被动关系：用过去分词Helped by the teacher,I
have made much progress
in English study.
分词作表语时，有如下固定结构必须牢记：
主语be及其他系动词表语实例
某人m,is,are,feel,become,…通常用过去分词I am interested in English.
They became worried about their son.
某物is,are,become,sound,…通常用现在分词The present situation is encouraging.
Your suggestion sounds interesting.
在此，还必须注意下面的句型，它们对我们答题有很大的帮助。
第一种句型：主谓(宾)，主谓(宾)。
或：主谓(宾) 主谓(宾)。
特点：句子的两部分中间只有逗号，没有并列连词，说明不是并列句。完整的主谓宾句子应该是主句，不完整(要填空)的主谓宾句子应看做从句，再根据四个选项确定是哪一类从句。
例如: we all know，everything has two sides．
A)So B)For C)Which D)As
[答案] D)
[解析] 根据这个句子的句型结构，前一部分不完整的句子是从句，再看四个选项，so和for是并列连词，应该位于句子中部连接另一个分句，Which也不能用在这里。所以，D)符合句意和语法要求。“As we all know”是个非限制性定语从句，意思是“正如我们所知”。
he is from Shanghai, he likes Changsha very much．
A)As B)Although C)When D)Since
[答案] B)
[解析] 从这个句子的句型结构分析，同样，前一部分不完整的句子是从句，后部分为主句。再看四个选项，可以认定前一部分是个状语从句。根据全句的意思，应选A1though，意思是“虽然他是上海人”。
第二种句型：……，主谓(宾)。
或：主谓(宾) ……
特点：句子的两部分中间只有逗号，没有并列连词，且不完整部分(要填空的部分)没有完整的主谓，理所当然这不是并列句，并可断定不完整的部分是一个短语，在全句中作状语。
例如：in space，the satellite sent us a lot of information.
A)To travel B)Travel C)Travelled D)Travelling
[答案] D)
[解析] 从句型结构及四个选项看，此句的前一部分应该是一个短语作状语。既然是作状语，就不可能选动词原形，所以首先要排除B。这里又不能选不定式，因为不表示目的。剩下了两个分词，根据分词与逻辑主语的关系(见前面的表格)，我们选定正确答案为D)。
第三种句型往往不会考查，这就是真正的并列句，它的结构如下：
主谓(宾)，and 主谓(宾)
主谓(宾)，but 主谓(宾)
主谓(宾)，or 主谓(宾)
主谓(宾)，so 主谓(宾)
[专项练习]
(71) After graduation the students asked to the countryside .
A) to send B) to be sending C) to be sent D) being sent
(72) The last class , the boys and girls began to clear their classroom .
A) being over B) having been over C) was over D) over
(73) We climbed to the top of the mountain,md saw the sun in file east o
A) rising B) to rise C) rose D) risen
(74) People all over the world have seen the remarkable changes in our country .
A) taken place B) to take place C) taking place D) having been taken place
(75) the city , she offered to be our guide .
A) To be familiar B) Being familiar with
C) Being familiar to D) Be familiar to
(76) as the brightest boy in our class, he has already passed CET Band 6 .
A) To be known B) Knowing C) To know D) Known
(77) There are a lot of problems at the meeting .
A) to be discussed B) discussed
C) being discussed D) discussing
(78) The overseas Chinese was very glad to see a new hospital in his hometown.
A) to build B) be built C) being built D) to be building
(79) his homework , he continued to do some extra reading .
A) Done B) Having done C) Doing D) To have done
(80) her sister , she is less kind and sometimes cold .
A) Comparing to B) Comparing with
C) Compared to D) Compare with
9)倒装
例:○1Not until all fish died in the river how serious the pollution was.
A) did the government realize B) the government realized
C) the government did realize D) had the government realized
[答案] A)
[解析] “Not until…”位于句首时，其后面的主句要用倒装结构。根据这一要求，首先排除B)和C)，再根据句子结构的要求，不用过去完成时态，因此A)为正确答案。
例：②got in the wheat than it began to rain heavily．
A)No sooner have they B)No sooner they had
C)No sooner they have D)No sooner had they
[答案] D)
[解析] “No sooner”位于句首时，其后面的主谓要倒装，因此B)和C)是不对的。A) 也不对，因为时态不一致，故正确答案为D)。
例：③Not until I shouted at the top of my voice the danger．
A)that he noticed C)did he notice
B)he didn't notice D)had he noticed
[答案] C)
[解析] 此题要求倒装，所以A)和B)都不对。根据此句的句型结构，不要用过去完成时态，因此只有C)才是惟一正确答案。
[学习指导] 倒装语序有两种：全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装就是把整个谓语放在主语前面，全部倒装很少用于考试中，要求这种倒装的．情况也较少，我们在此稍作一下总结。以下列副词开头的句子，句子的主谓要全部倒装。
(1)由于修辞需要，一些表示方向的副词如：out，in，on，up，down，away等。
例如：The door opened and in came a group of students．
Up went the model plane into the air．
(2)由于习惯用法，here，there，now，then等后面的谓语常用come和So。
例如：There comes the bus!
Now comes your turn．
Then came another difficulty．
但要注意的是，在这种句型中，如果主语是人称代词时，则不用倒装。
例如：Here you are.
Away they went．
部分倒装是我们重点要掌握的，也是考查的主要内容之一。部分倒装是把谓语中的一部分(如助动词、情态动词或系动词be)放在主语的前面，另一部分仍保留在主语的后面。我们来看看在什么情况下经常用部分倒装。
(1)下列否定词及含有否定意义的词组引起的句子常用部分倒装：
never，neither，nor，nowhere，not only，not until，hardly，scarcely，no sooner，seldom，little，
rarely，at no time，on no account，by no means，in no way，under no circumstances，not once，etc.
例如：Never will China be a superpower．
Not once in these months have they stopped the researching．
Not untill 12 o'clock last night did he go to bed．
(2)下列含有only的词组作状语位于句首时，句子常用部分倒装：
only at that time，only then，only in this way，only through，only by，only when，only after，only because，only once，only with，etc．
例如：You must practise English everyday.Only in this way can you study English well．
注意：如果only修饰的不是状语，则句子不倒装。
例如：Only the leaders and the teachers are allowed to sit here．
Only one of them failed in the examination．
(3)以下列副词或短语开头的句子要部分倒装：
so, often, to such an extent, to such a point, to such a degree, to such extremes, etc.
例如:Often does he come to help us.
To such an extent was he absorbed in his work that he almost forgot his meals.
当然，用倒装语序的情况还有很多，我们在此只是列出一些常见的情况。另外，在考查倒装语序时，常常会遇到时态的问题，很多考生往往在这方面犯难。这里介绍两种方法。第一，要注意几个固定句型(很多情况下，倒装的时态是根据句子意思而定的)，这些句型是：
Not until+一般过去时+……一般过去时
Hardly／Scarcely+过去完成时+…when…一般过去时
No sooner+过去完成时+…than…一般过去时
第二，不妨将考题颠倒一下，让它成为正常语序，从而确定正确的时态。
[专项练习]
(81) the classroom when the teacher began his class.
A) Hardly have I entered B) Hardly had I entered
C) Hardly had I entered into D) No sooner had I gone to
(82) Little about the fact that he was always late for school.
A) does his parents know B) knew his parents
C) did his parents know D) had his parents known
(83) Only under the leadership of the Party such a happy life
A) we can live B) live we
C) do we live D) can we live.
(84) Never Beijing, the capital of China.
A) have I gone to B) have I been to
C) had I been in D) had I gone to
(85) Only from last month to have computer lessons and now he can operate the
computer quite well.
A) did he begin B) had he begun
C) was he beginning D) does he begin
(86) Not only others , he is also strict with himself.
A) is he strict with B) is he strict to
C) does he strict 'with D) he is strict with
(87) Not until I read an article in a newspaper the importance of 'protecting our surroundings.
A) had I realized B) that I realized
C) did I realize D) I realized
(88) So efficient that they are used almost everywhere.
A) the computers are B) are the-computers
C) were the computers D) the computers
(89) At no time that I am Chinese.
A) do I forget B) have I forget
C) I will forget D) will I forget
(90) He is selfish . Little help him
A) can expect to B) can expected from
C) can be expected from D) can be expected to
10)比较等级
例: With the help of the German experts, the factor5' produced cars in 1993 as the year before.
A) as twice many B) as many as twice
C) twice as many D) as twice as many
[答案] C)
[解析] 此题考查比较等级中的倍数表达法。这是一个含有“as…as”原级比较的句子，其中一个as在选项中，另一个as保留在句子中，这一点必须看清楚，因此B)和D)是错误选项。“twice”这个词是“两倍”的意思，在此起的是程度状语的作用，它应该放在比较等级(比较级和原级比较)之前，故应选择C)。
[学习指导] 在考查形容词和副词钓比较等级时，主要是考查一些比较特殊的表达法和倍数等修饰语的位置，因此在学好比较等级的一般用法和基础上，要对这些方面加以注意。
比较级的特殊表达法：
(1)the more…the more…(越……就越……)
例如：The busier she is，the happier she feels．
The farther south you．move，the hotter it will be．
(2)more than the other+名词复数
more than any other+名词单数
这两个句型相当于最高级的句型。
例如：Peter is cleverer than the other boys in his class.
Peter is cleverer than any other boy in his class．
Peter is the cleverest boy in his class．
以上这三句是同一个意思：“Peter是他班上最聪明的男孩。”
(3)两者进行比较时，有时也可用“最高级结构”。
例如：The boy is strongest of the two．(=The boy is the stronger of the two．)
(4)在比较级和原级比较的句子中，如果要表示倍数，或要增加表示，程度的状语，它们都必须放在“完整的比较等级结构”的前面，请看下表：
主谓表示程度的状语（包
括倍数）
完整的比较等级(比较级和原级比较)
She is three years younger than I .她比我小三岁。
This book is a little more difficult than that one. 这本书比那一本稍难一点。
They are paid much less than we. 他们挣的钱比我们少得多。This house is twice bigger than that one. 这栋房子比那栋大两倍。
There are three times as many schools in our city as in 1951. 现在我们城里的学校比1951年增加两倍。
We have half as much water here as in your village. 我们这儿的水只及你们村里的一半。
My ability of half so/as good as yours. 我的听力不及你一半好。
Listening is not
[专项练习]
(91) Xiao Li studies earnestly, but Xiao Wang studies earnestly.
A) most B) more even C) even more D) much
(92) Peter has made mistakes in his homework than I have.
A) less B) fewer C) most D) many
(93) The new engine works as the old one.
A) twice as more efficient B) twice as efficiently
C) as twice efficiently D) as efficient
(94) Our factory produces more TV sets in China.
A) than other B) than other factory
C) than any factory D) than any other factory
(95) That is car I have ever seen.
A) the smaller B) smallest C) the smallest D) small
(96) You are always the last one to the meeting, could you come next time?
A) early B) earliest C) earlier D) more early
(97) I think spoken English is than written English.
A) much more difficult B) more much difficult
C) much difficult D) so difficult
(98) I don' t know where he has got edition of the book .
A) the last B) last C) the later D) the latest
(99) The reading materials in this book are only as those in that book.
A) half difficult B) haft as difficult
C) as half difficult D) .difficult as haft
(100) , the better quality he will have.
A) The education one gets more B) The one gets more education
C) The more education one gets D) The more one gets education
11)词组的固定搭配
例：①The Greeks believed that individuals must be responsible their own actions.
A) with B) of C) for D) to
[答案] C）
[解析] “be responsible for”是固定搭配，意思是“对某事负贡”，但是也有”be responsible to”这一词组，其意思是“向某人负责”。经比较，C)为正确答案。同时，我们也可以根据这两个词组总结出下面这种表达法：be responsible to sb. for sth.(为某事向某人负责)。
例：②They shut their town house and moved to the country for the summer.
A) down B) up C) in D) off
[答案]B）
[解析] shut这个词可以与很多的词搭配，组成不同的意思。本题的四个选项均可与shut搭配：shut down(指工厂)停工，关闭；shut up关闭……之所有门窗；shut in困住，囚禁；shut off停止供应(煤气、水等)。根据本句的意思，应该选择B)，即“他们关闭城里住房的门窗，到乡下去避暑”。
例：③It will be a great advantage to be able to speak a foreign language, especially if you are business.
A) to B) on C) in D) with
[答案] B)
[解析] 此题的意思比较明了，应该选B)，“on business”是“出差”、“有公干”的意思。另外，“in business”是“做生意”、“经商”的意思，如：He is in business for himself．(他自己经商。)He is in the rice business．(他
做大米生意。)
[学习指导] 这类考题主要是考查考生的词汇量，特别是对词组的掌握程度。因此，平时要养成多读、多记、多比较的习惯，培养语感，做到“脱口而出”。另外，要看懂全句的意思，搞清楚句中所需要的是哪个词组。在平时的学习中采用对比法、归类法、典型句子记忆法，可以收到令人满意的效果。
be familiar with 和be familiar to
be satisfied with 和be satisfactory to
compare … with 和compare … to
典型句子记忆法(要求句子简单、常用、易上口)：
The children are familiar with this story.
This story is familiar to the children.
The boss is satisfied with your work.
Your work is satisfactory to your boss.
Let me compare your composition with his.
We often compare our society to a stage.
还有很多的词组可以利用这种方法帮助记忆，如：
used to…, be used to…, supply … for… , supply… with…等。
[专项练习]
(101) The 7:30 news generally international news and a national network news program.
A) consists of B) is consisted of
C) are consisted of D) are consisted with
(102) I find it easier to conversation with British people by talking about the weather.
A) enter B) enter to C) enter into D) enter upon
(103) Just like trade and specialization, economics and polities always go .
A) hand over hand B) hand in hand
C) hand by hand D) hand to hand
(104) With the development of our construction , more and more new buildings the old ones.
A) are taking place B) are taking place of
C) are making place for D) are taking the place of
(105) You'd better be silent about the accident ask for trouble.
A) so as not to B) so as to not
C) not so as to D) so not as to
(106) Here's my telephone number. Let's keep in .
A) relation B) connectio n C) friendship D) touch
(107) I can't carry this box. Will you me a favor, please?
A) make B) give C) do D) show
(108) The West Lake is that many people go there for a visit every year.
A) such beautiful place B) so a beautiful place
C) so beautiful a place D) such beautiful a place
(109) I was just about to the maths problem .when my friend came .to help me.
A) give in B) give up C) put up D) give out
(110) We must often listen to the news on TV and read newspaper in order to the present situation.
A) keep up with C) go hand in hand
B) catch up with D) keep our way
12)词义的选择
例：① It is true that your mental abilities are at their best 7 the ages of 18 and 25.
A) between B) among C) from D) along
[答案] A）
[解析] 由于是针对年龄而言，所以首先应排除的是D)，因为“along”的意思是“沿着(某、某方向)”。C)也不对，因为它的搭配往往是“from…to…”。“among”是表示“在(很多的)中间”，也不能用于此处。只有A)是正确答案，它表示“在18岁到25岁之间”。
例：②When he is reading, he concentrates on meanings given by the text on the variety of possible meanings of individual words.
A) rather than B) other than C) than D) more than
[答案] D)
[解析] 这道题句子较长，结构较复杂，四个选项具有迷惑性。首先看看整个句子，里面不含形容词或副词的比较级，故要排除C)。B)是一个有意误导的选项，因为没有这种用法，只有“no other than”。那么剩下A)和D)两项，A)“rather than"表示“宁要……而不要……”，“rather than"后面接的是不要或不愿意做的事。D)的“more than”表示“前面的事比后面的事做得多些”，“m ore than"后面的事情不是不要或不做，而是做得少些而已。我们再看看全句的意思，便可确定选择D)，其中文意思是：“当他阅读时，他把更多的注意力集中在理解全文的意思上，而不是专门注意个别单词的意义。”
例：③I think you have talked too much; what you need now is more action and talk.
A) few B) little C) fewer D) less
[答案] D)
[解析] 本句的意思一目了然，即：你应该多行动(做事)少说话。根据句子意思及对应原则，比较级“more”应该对应一个比较级“更少”，而A)和B)不是比较级，首先排除它们。又根据“talk”在此是表示抽象意义“说话”；是不可数名词，故应选择D)。
例：④born in the north, the author was brought up in the south.
A) Since B) When C) Although D) As
[答案] C)
[解析] 此句的前一部分应看做是状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式为“…he was born in the north"。有这样一种规定：在用as if, if, once, though/although，unless，until，where，when，whether等引导的从句中，若谓语动词为be，而主语又与主句中的主语相同时，从句中的主语和谓语动词be通常省略。知道前一部分是状语从句，再将前、后部分连贯进来，想想全句的意思，就能选出正确答案C)。
例：⑤all the electronic devices , computers have the greatest significance in modem technology .
A) On B) By C) With D) Of
[答案] D)
[解析] 从句型及四个选项看，此句的前一部分是介词短语作状语，后一部分是主句，句中的“greatest”告诉我们：这是一个含有最高级的句子，那么前一部分就是最高级句子常带的“of…”短语作状语，故答案为D)。
例：⑥ He said that he had to do with the accident, so he should not be questioned.
A) something B)everything C) nothing D) anything
[答案] C)
[解析] 本句是一个并列句，由so连接两个分句。第一个分句实际上是表明原因的，第二个分句是结果。在第一个分句不完整的情况下，我们先将后面分句的意思弄清楚：“他不应该被审问”。根据这个意思，前面分句中应该填入“nothing”，组成词组“had nothing to do with”，意思是“与……无关”。
[学习指导] 词义的选择与词组的固定搭配相类似，也是考查考生对词汇的掌握情况。相对而言，词义考查的难度还要大些。它不能像背词组那样完全背出来，而是要求在长期的实践中(比如做练习、读文章)熟悉一些习惯用法，准确掌握词义(特别是近义词)，还要求理解句子的能力相当强，不受一些插入成分的干扰。
随着英语知识的深化，对词汇的要求也越来越高。它不仅体现在要求大量的词汇量上，而且要求能自
高一英语语法填空专题练习 (10篇) （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 一 once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. Then he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.“Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night 38 (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money. 二· Crying marriage? 31 (surprise), isn’t it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and 32 (remain) in fashion 33 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 34 (necessary) to marriage procedure. It is very much 35 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 36 , the bride’s neighbors would look down upon 37 as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughingstock of the village. In fact, there were cases 38 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony. In a word, crying at wedding is a 39 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words. However, in the 40 (arrange) marriages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life. 三 In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are neccessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear ______31________spoken.. Secondly, we must be able to speak it correctly with confidence and without hesitation. _____32_______ ,we must be able to read the language , and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct. There is no easy way to success _____33_______ language learning. _____34________ good memory is of great help, but it is not enough only _____35________(memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and ______36_________meaning, studying the dictionary
人学英语语法专项练习题及答案 一、时态 1. By the end of April Peter here for three mon ths. A. will have stayed B. will stay C. stays D. has stayed 2. rm awfully sorry, but I had no alter native. I simply what I did. A. ought to have done B. have to do C. had to do D. must do 3. We our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A. just have had B. have just had C. just had D . had just had 4. Ever si nee the family moved to the suburbs last year, they better health. A. could have enjoyed B. had enjo yed C. have bee n enjoying D. are enjo ying 5. I bought a new house last year, but I my old house yet, so at the mome nt I have two houses. A. did not sell B. have not sold C. had not sold D . do not sell 6. I decided to go to the library as soon as I A. finish what I did B. fin is hed what I did C. would finish what I was doi ng D. fini shed wha t I was doi ng 7. He whe n the bus came to a sudden stop. A. was almost hurt B. was hurt h imself C. was to hurt himself D. was hurti n g himself 8. I suppose that when 1 come back in ten years' time all those o ld houses dow n. A. will have bee n pulled B. will have pulled C. will be pulli ng D. will b e pulled 9. Bob's leg got hurt the Purple Mountains. A. while he is climbi ng up B. while we were climb ing up
韩山师范学院2009年专升本插班生考试试卷 英语/英语（商贸英语）专业英语语法（A卷) 题号一二三四五总分评卷人 得分 （请将答案写在答题纸上） I. Choose the correct answer ( 40% ) Directions: Complete the following sentences with one of the four items which marked A,B,C and D and then write down the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. *1. She was burdened with ________. A. support family B. the family’s support C. family support D. family’s support 2. He was not ______ to admit his mistakes in public. A. man enough B. enough man C. a man enough D. enough a man 3. That guy was ______ than I thought. A. as much of a fool B. enough of a fool C. fool enough D. less of a fool 4. ______ work has to be done before the plant goes into operation. A. Much B. Double C. A number of D. Neither 5. The students spent ______ their time working in the field. A. both B. most C. more D. half 6. _______ cases have been reported. A. Such few B. Such some C. Few such D. Some these 7. He has been staying at home _______ days. A. these all last few B. these last few all C. all these last few D. these last all few *8. He has been _______ only once. A. by plane B. by the plane C. on plane D. on the plane *9. Do you like these computers? I don’t like _______. A. all them B. them all C. everyone D. any 10. Plastics industry is being asked to develop materials for _______ of new uses. A. a so wide variety B. so a wide variety C. a such wide variety D. such a wide variety 11. Chang and Wang have arrived, but _______ students in your class aren’t here yet. A. other B. others C. the other D. the others 12. He is _____ of an artist. A. anybody B. anyone C. somebody D. something 13. His sister always keeps herself ______. A. clearly B. clean C. clear D. cleanly 14. I’d rather you _______ with him. A. didn’t interfere B. don’t interfere C. should not interfere D. would not interfere *15. One minute too late is _____ in time ______ half an hour. A. not more…than… B. as…as… C. no more…than… D. less…than… 16. How can I ever concentrate if they______ me with their private affairs?
【英语】英语语法填空专题练习(及答案)及解析 一、语法填空 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A hotel chain is employing human bed warmers to help guests get a good night's sleep. ________ (dress) in special all-in-one sleeping suits, the walking electric blankets are sent to warm the beds of guests staying at the Holiday Inn ________ they get under the covers. Dr Chris Idzikowski, ________ (direct) of the Edinburgh Sleep Centre, said the idea could help people get off to sleep. He ________ (explain) that "There's plenty of scientific evidence to show that sleep starts at the beginning of the night ________ body temperature starts to drop. The drop occurs partly because the blood vessels (血管) ________ the hands, face and feet open up and release heat." "A warm bed –approximately 20 to 24 degrees Celsuis –is ________ good way to start this process while a cold bed isn't. It helps people sleep well especially as it's taking much ________ (long) for them to warm up when they come in from the snow." Dr Chris Idzikowski and ________ (he) colleague Jane Bednall said the idea was like "having a giant hot water bottle in your bed". The five-minute free bed warming sessions will be tried out in London and Manchester ________ the end of next month. 【答案】 Dressed；before；director；explained；when；of；a；longer；his；at 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款新发明的暖床器以及使用暖床器的好处。 （1）考查非谓语动词。句意：行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。动词dress与这句话的主语the walking electric blankets之间是被动关系，故填Dressed。 （2）考查状语从句。句意：行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。根据句意，客人睡觉之前需要暖床，故填before。 （3）考查名词。句意：爱丁堡睡眠中心的主任Chris Idzikowski博士说，这个办法能帮助人们更好地入睡。空格前是一个人名，两个逗号之间的部分是这个人名的同位语，所以应填一个表示人的名词。故填director。 （4）考查时态。句意：他解释，有充分科学依据显示，入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。由上一句中said使用的是一般过去时可知，这句话也应使用一般过去时。故填explained。 （5）考查定语从句。句意：他解释，有充分科学依据显示，入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。根据句意，这是一个定语从句，先行词为the beginning of the night，并且先行词在从句中做时间状语，故填关系词when。 （6）考查介词。句意：人体温度之所以会下降，部分原因在于，（这时）人的手部、脸部以及脚部的血管开始扩张，散发了热量。空前前后都是名词，所以空格处应填介词，the blood vessels与the hands之间属于所属关系，故填of。 （7）考查冠词。句意：温暖的床（温度大约在20到24摄氏度之间）有助于人们入睡而冰冷的床则会妨碍人们入睡。空格位于谓语动词后，空格后为一个可数单数名词短语，所以空格处应填不定冠词。“good”是以辅音音素开始的，故填a。
高一英语语法填空专项练习 （一） 第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） Do you ever wonder why you yawn? Why do you open your mouth wide and take a deep breath? Well, a scientist at the University of Maryland is searching for the answer. Professor Robert Provine has been studying yawning for the past two years. But he says he still does not know 31 people yawn. In fact, no one seems to know much about it. Professor Provine’s students have helped him find out more about yawning. They agreed to 32 (watch) while sitting alone in small rooms. In the rooms, they watched television programs, or pictures of people yawning. Or they just sat and 33 (think) about yawning. Students also kept records of when they yawned throughout the day. The professor says he has learned 34 number of things from these experiments. He says yawning seems linked in some way to sleeping. His students yawned most just before sleeping or 35 waking from sleep. He also found that people yawn much when they are __36 (bore ) or not interested in what they are doing. Now, Professor Provine is planning future experiments to help him find the purpose of yawning. He said there is some evidence 37 yawning is linked to 38 (excite). Yawning is common among runners 39 (wait) to begin a race. It is also common among people waiting to make a speech. Professor Provine says he is most interested in learning why seeing someone yawn makes others yawn as well. He says almost anything connected with yawning can make people yawn. As a matter of fact, I found 40 yawning a lot as I prepared this report. I wonder if hearing it can make you yawn. If it does, excuse me, if you did yawn, write and tell me. 答案：31.why 32.be watched 33.thought 34.a 35.after 36. bored 37.that 38.excitement 39.waiting 40.myself （二） 第二节语法填空（共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分） Traditional Chinese culture places much emphasis（重视）on food. Considered to be an important part of each day, __31 __(eat) is far beyond simply meeting a need. However, people are living in fast-paced society now, so they hardly have time to enjoy their food. They need fast food. That is _32_ China’s fast-food market expands. A foreign fast-food restaurant __33__（call）KFC arrived in China first, quickly followed by _34_ such as Pizza Hut and McDonald’s. __35__ the development of China, foreign fast-food chains are realizing high-speed __36__ (grow) in China. However, these “junk foods”have long been criticized by health experts because __37__ can’t provide balanced nutrition(营养). The experts also show that some foreign fast food contains a food colouring, Sudan I , __38___can cause cancer. In fact, China has many of its own traditional fast-food dishes. Among them, dumplings, soybean milk and noodles are __39__ most popular. Compared with foreign fast food, those traditional ones are healthier. __40__ many Chinese still enjoy the special taste and the good environment in the foreign fast-food chains even though there exist some potential（潜在的）risks. 第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或
大学英语语法专项练习题 一、时态 1. By the end of April Peter here for three months. A. will have stayed B. will stay C. stays D. has stayed 2. I'm awfully sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply _____ what I did. A. ought to have done B. have to do C. had to do D. must do 3. We ________our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A. just have had B. have just had C. just had D. had just had 4. Ever since the family moved to the suburbs last year, they________ better health. A. could have enjoyed B. had enjoyed C. have been enjoying D. are enjoying 5. I bought a new house last year, but I ______my old house yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A. did not sell B. have not sold C. had not sold D. do not sell 6. I decided to go to the library as soon as I ________. A. finish what I did B. finished what I did C. would finish what I was doing D. finished what I was doing 7. He _________when the bus came to a sudden stop. A. was almost hurt B. was hurt himself C. was to hurt himself D. was hurting himself 8. I suppose that when I come back in ten years' time all those old houses _______down. A. will have been pulled B. will have pulled C. will be pulling D. will be pulled 9. Bob's leg got hurt ________the Purple Mountains. A. while he is climbing up B. while we were climbing up C. while we climbed up D. while he climbed up 10. Pick me up at 8 o'clock. I _______ my bath by then. A. may have B. will be having C. can have had D. will have had 11. If you smoke in a non-smoking section people________. A. will object B. objected C. must object D. have objected 12. By the end of this month, we surely _______ a satisfactory solution to the problem A. have found B. will be finding C. are finding D. will have found 13. We __________to start our own business, but we never had enough money. A. have hope B. hope C. had hoped D. should hope 14. The gray building is where the workers live, and the white one is where the spare parts______ A. are producing B. are produced C. produced D. being produced 15. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television __________the newspaper completely. A. will replace B. have replaced C. replace D. replaced 16. It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory ________by about 10%. A. will have risen B. has risen C. will be rising D. has been rising 17. Until then, his family___________ from him for six months. A. didn't hear B. hasn’t been hearing C. hasn't heard D. hadn't heard
英语语法练习题（一） Part I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given word in the brackets. (20%) 1. This pair of trousers ____________ (cost) fifty yuan. 2. All their belongs, together with the remains of torn-up newspapers, _________ (lie) scattered over the carpets. 3. The class _________ (be) taking notes, their pens scribing quickly over their exercise books. 4. John, rather than his roommates, ___________ (be) to blame. 5. It’s high time that we _________ (have) a rest. 6. When she ___________ (arrive) I ___________ (telephone) Harry. (= She arrived during my telephone call.) 7. I wouldn’t object to ___________ (ask) some questions. 8. It is recommended that the work ___________ (not start) until all the preparations have been made. 9. I didn’t mean ___________ (eat) anything but the cakes looked so good that I couldn’t resist ________ (try) one. 10. A President’s power is very strong. He is the most _________ (power) executive in t he nation. 11. What _____________ (happen) if they can’t reach an agreement? 12. If we ___________ (catch) the 10 o’clock train, we _________ (get) there by lunch time. 13. What is __________ (funny) joke you have ever heard? 14. It’s _________ (pr etty) well impossible to travel over these mountains. 15. Unreliable delivery dates are one of the most important obstacles to ____________ (increase) our exports. 16. Lee __________ (learn) English for several years, and at last he _________ (master) the irregular verbs. 17. It’s the first time I __________ (explain) this particular aspect of grammar. 18. This time tomorrow everyone __________ (read) of your success, and all sorts of people __________ (ring) up to congratulate you.
语法填空专项训练 1 Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other ___66___ (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present ___67___ (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. ___68___ (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. English ___69___ (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries. The English ___70___ (speak) in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different ___71___ the modern English we speak today. It was the new settlers that enriched the English language and ___72___ (especial) its vocabulary. The English language was settled by the 19th century ___73___ two big changes in English spelling happened. English now is also spoken as a foreign ___74___second language in South Asia. China may have the ___75___ (large) number of English learners. 66.【答案】countries 【解析】考查名词。country是可数名词，此处由other修饰用复数形式，指其他的国家。故填countries. 67. 【答案】more 【解析】考查比较级。根据句中的than ever before可知含有和以前比较的意思，要用比较级表示更多的人，故填more. 68. 【答案】Luckily 【解析】考查副词。此处单独使用作状语要用副词形式，指“幸运的是”，故填Luckily. 69. 【答案】has changed 【解析】考查时态。根据句意和时间状语over the past centuries可知与现在完成时连用，主语是单数，故填has changed. 70. 【答案】spoken 【解析】考查过去分词。English和动词speak是被动关系，此处是过去分词作定语，故填spoken.
基础英语语法练习题 第一套（全十六单元） Unit 1 1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish ________ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired 2. It's no good _______ over split milk. A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry 3. Have you forgotten ___________$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _________ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 4. The classroom wants __________. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 5. Jack said that he wouldn't mind ___________ for us. A. o wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited 6. My brother keeps _________ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 7. We should often practise _________ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking 8. Keep on _________ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying 9. Don’t forget ________ the notebook with you when you go to the lecture. A. to take B. to carry C. to send D. to bring 10. You’d better ________ her, it would only worry her. A. not tell B. tell C. to tell D. not to tell 11. The librarian work is ________ the books in the library. A. takes care of B. take care of C. to take care of D. taking care of 12. Her parent’s won’t let her ________ out with her boyfriend. A. goes B. to go C. going D. go 13. I asked her _______ with us. A. when to go B. when he will go C. if he will go D. that he would go 14. I have not got a chair ________. A. for sitting B. to sit on C. to sit D. for sitting on 15. My mother often tells me ________ in the sun A. not to read B. don’t read C. doesn’t read D. not read 16____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever 17 ____ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which